Social domain examples: Give an example of Social domain and its procedure of justification
Beginner’s Guide to Social Domain Theory – Clare Conry-Murray, Ph.D.
Morality has to do with how people should interact with each other. Moral development research aims to understand how people develop from infancy into adulthood in the way they think about and interact with others. Since morality involves issues of right and wrong, it is proscriptive or prohibitive–that is, morality is about the ways we should or should not act. But not all issues of right and wrong are moral. For example, a mistake in long division may be wrong but it is not usually seen as immoral. So we also add that moral development research examines issues of right and wrong in social settings, where actions affect other people.
What is morality to most people?
Social domain theory uses a definition of morality that comes from philosophy, but we also find that most people use the same definition. The basis of morality is in trying not to harm other people. Harm includes many facets–including issues of welfare, justice and rights. Social Domain Theory research finds that people consider things to be moral that have to do with avoiding harm to people (welfare), being fair (justice), and respecting each other’s rights (rights). The core of morality is avoiding harm, but that also means trying not to treat people unfairly and respecting their rights (Turiel, 1983).
A basic respect for other people means that, most of the time, we all try not to hurt each other. We can safely walk down the street without anyone purposefully trying to crash their car into us, even if it would get them where they’re going faster. This is because people also usually do not like to cause others pain. People are also generally willing to be helpful (especially when it is not difficult). For example, when a man at a subway station in London fell into the gap between the platform and the train, people didn’t expect the conductor to just let his leg get ripped off. Instead they all worked together to push the train a few inches away from the platform so he could get out.
Not causing serious harm to others as they go about their day may seem like a very small thing to ask of others. We start to understand morality by looking at the obvious cases where there is a lot of agreement, like “don’t run people over” because it is actually notable that people generally try not to harm others.
In addition, people usually only see actions as moral if they are intentional. Harming someone accidentally (and without negligence) is not usually seen as immoral.
Are there social rules about right and wrong that are not moral?
Yes. Not all social rules relate to the concepts of rights, justice and welfare. Some social rules like “don’t use swear words” or “only girls wear dresses” were not made to avoid hurting people or out of a concern with fairness or rights. These examples are not even rules in some places. For example, not only girls wear dresses– think of a Catholic priest who wears a long gown called vestments during mass or a man graduating from college who wears a cap and gown.
The rule about “dresses” doesn’t apply to those situations, but it does apply to other situations. Rules like these that vary depending on the setting are called conventions. Sometimes they have a purpose (e.g. to make boys and girls look distinct) and sometimes they’re just something we do out of habit or convenience (e.g. eat pasta with a fork but pizza with your hands). Sometimes the purpose of a conventional rule is important (e.g. we all drive on the right in the United States so there’s not chaos), but conventions can be changed. For example, some countries drive on the right and some on the left. Either way is fine as long as everybody follows the rule.
If you don’t follow conventional rules, there can still be consequences, but they depend on the situation. People might look at you funny if you dress unconventionally or you could even get in trouble and be punished for using swear words in some settings. My son who liked to watch Minecraft videos when he was young learned the phrase “what the f*ck,” without knowing that the f-word is a bad word.
When he said it on the playground at school, he got in trouble, even though behind his back, all the adults thought it was pretty funny. The adults weren’t worried about him hurting anyone by talking that way, but they still made sure he didn’t use that phrase again because it’s against the rules. So there are consequences to conventional rule violations, but they depend on the setting– they are not intrinsic to the action they way harm is. For example, I’m guessing my son (who is now 15) uses the f-word around his friends sometimes, and I’m pretty sure there are no negative consequences from his friends for that language. When there are consequences to conventional rule violations, they change with the context (conventions at school differ from conventions with friends).
Are moral rules and conventional rules different?
Yes. The consequences are different for moral and conventional rule violations. All of the consequences to conventional violations are constructed by people, and so the people can change the consequences.
The teacher who told my son not to swear enforced the rule about no swearing at school, but some families may let their kids swear. The rules about when men can wear a dress already do differ in different situations.
But if you run over someone with your car on purpose, most people would say it was wrong regardless of the law in that place. In fact most people would say even if the law allowed it, it would still be wrong to run someone over for no good reason. That’s because the consequence to that person is so harmful. And that harm occurs every time someone is run over. We call that kind of consequence intrinsic to the act. It happens every time. It is part of the definition of the action. Moral violations all have intrinsic consequences related to harm or unfairness or a violation of basic human rights.
You can think of examples of other basic moral violations– pushing someone off a swing, paying one person for their work but not paying another person for the same work.
These are intrinsically harmful or unfair.
In Social Domain Theory research, we used what we call Criterion Judgments to see if people distinguish moral from conventional issues in different realms.
What are Criterion Judgments?
Criterion judgments are based on criteria that are used to judge social rule violations. If people notice that moral but not conventional rules are based on intrinsic consequences, then they will think about moral rules differently. The criteria tell us where we expect to see differences between moral and conventional reasoning. If consequences are intrinsic to the act of harming others, then they would not depend on the situation or anything local about the situation. People judge moral violations differently than conventional rule violations in several ways, including:
- Justifications–People use different justifications when they explain their judgments about different types of rules: Moral justifications refer to welfare, justice or rights, while conventional justifications refer to tradition or authorities.
- Rule Contingency— People judge changes to rules differently depending on the domain: Moral rules always have consequences to welfare, justice or rights because the consequences are intrinsic and so changing the rules does not change the consequences. Therefore, moral rules tend to be judged wrong even when the rule is changed. Conventional rules depend on the context, and if the rule is changed, there may not be a consequence anymore, so conventional violations may not be wrong in the absence of a rule. We call this Rule Contingency.
- Example: Moral: If you ask kids whether they can hit others when the teacher says hitting is OK in their classroom, kids still say hitting is not OK. Evaluations of hitting do not depend on the rule.
Conventional: When you ask if they can wear PJs to school when the teacher says it is OK in their classroom, kids say wearing PJ is now OK. Evaluations of appropriate clothing do depend on the rule.
- Generalizability–People will judge rules differently depending on changes to the setting. Moral rules still have the same consequences no matter where the violation occurs. Therefore moral rules are considered generalizable. Conventional rules can have different consequences in different settings–they are not generalizable.
- Example: Moral: If you ask kids whether they can shove others in another country where everyone shoves people, kids still say shoving others is not OK. Evaluations of shaving do not depend on the context.
Conventional: When you ask if eating with your hands is OK in a country where that’s how they do it, kids say wearing eating with your hands is now OK. Evaluations of how to eat depend on the context.
What is similar about moral and conventional rules?
- Both moral and conventional rules affect social relationships and they tell people how to behave.
- People who break both moral and conventional rules can be punished.
- Both moral and conventional violations can both be more or less serious. Moral violations tend to be more serious but not always. For example, in some places, gender norms are strictly enforced and so would be seen as a serious violation.
What about things not covered by moral and conventional rules?
Issues that are not covered by either moral or conventional rules and are left to the person to decide for themselves are called Personal (Nucci, 2001). These are interesting because what is personal can differ in different cultures (Conry-Murray, Kim & Turiel, 2020), and even between teenagers and their parents. Parents tend to think issues like whether a 17 year old should get a tattoo is conventional, while the teenerager often thinks it should be a personal decision and they should be able to decide for themselves (Smetana & Rote, 2019).
Prudential issues have to do with harm to the self.
Why do people do immoral things if we all agree that harming others is unacceptable?
Social domain theory researchers have identified several ways that people come to different conclusions about social issues.
Multifaceted issues. Sometimes issues are complicated and include multiple different conflicting priorities–including different moral priorities that could be in conflict. For example, with gun control there are issues related to the rights of the gun owner, and perhaps the right to protect oneself, and the rights of those who could be hurt by the gun. People may see all of these as moral issues involving rights or welfare but some may prioritize the rights of the gun owner over the welfare of potential victims, while others could prioritize the reverse.
Other issues may include moral and conventional issues in conflict. For example, a parent may forbid a son from going to a sewing club (Perko, et al, 2020) because they are concerned about following gender norms (conventional), but the son may be thinking about his right to make his own choices (moral).
Moral issues are not automatically judged to be the priority.
In addition, some issues may be seen as conventional to some and personal to others– like the parent-teenager conflict over tattoos described above.
Informational assumptions. Informational assumptions are understandings about the way the world works that impacts the issue (Wainryb, 1991). Sometimes facts (or beliefs about what is true) help people weigh the importance of different issues. For example, using the issue of gun control from above, if you believe that gun deaths are very, very uncommon, it might affect whether you are concerned about potential victims compared to if you believe gun deaths are more frequent.
Informational assumptions also impact whether you believe harm is involved at all. For example, if a parent spanks a child to teach them not to run into the street, and it effectively teaches the child an important lesson, most people would say the spanking was acceptable.
But if spanking doesn’t work to teach the child a lesson, then it is just abuse, and it is usually judged to be not OK if that informational assumption is believed to be true.
Second order effects. Sometimes culture-specific rituals have meaning that can affect others. It can be a sign of disrespect to wear jeans and a t-shirt to a wedding, and that disrespect can cause people psychological harm. The harm is not intrinsic in the same way that being punched in the gut is, but it is still causing harm. The harm comes about because of the meaning of the convention.
Do researchers studying morality judge others’ virtue?
Social domain theory (and most morality researchers) do not suggest that one view of a controversial issue is better or worse than another. Instead we try to describe how people think about issues and behave in moral or social situations. We try to find patterns in people’s thinking and behavior that will help us describe common types of moral thinking and behavior, and perhaps even predict future thinking and behavior.
But we do not tell people what the most moral thing to do is.
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Social Determinants of Health – Healthy People 2030
What are social determinants of health?
Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks.
SDOH can be grouped into 5 domains:
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Healthy People 2030, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Retrieved [date graphic was accessed], from https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health
Social determinants of health (SDOH) have a major impact on people’s health, well-being, and quality of life. Examples of SDOH include:
- Safe housing, transportation, and neighborhoods
- Racism, discrimination, and violence
- Education, job opportunities, and income
- Access to nutritious foods and physical activity opportunities
- Polluted air and water
- Language and literacy skills
SDOH also contribute to wide health disparities and inequities.
For example, people who don’t have access to grocery stores with healthy foods are less likely to have good nutrition. That raises their risk of health conditions like heart disease, diabetes, and obesity — and even lowers life expectancy relative to people who do have access to healthy foods.
Just promoting healthy choices won’t eliminate these and other health disparities. Instead, public health organizations and their partners in sectors like education, transportation, and housing need to take action to improve the conditions in people’s environments.
That’s why Healthy People 2030 has an increased and overarching focus on SDOH.
How Does Healthy People 2030 Address SDOH?
One of Healthy People 2030’s 5 overarching goals is specifically related to SDOH: “Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining the full potential for health and well-being for all.
”
In line with this goal, Healthy People 2030 features many objectives related to SDOH. These objectives highlight the importance of “upstream” factors — usually unrelated to health care delivery — in improving health and reducing health disparities.
More than a dozen workgroups made up of subject matter experts with different backgrounds and areas of expertise developed these objectives. One of these groups, the Social Determinants of Health Workgroup, focuses solely on SDOH.
Explore Research Related to SDOH
Social determinants of health affect nearly everyone in one way or another. Our literature summaries provide a snapshot of the latest research related to specific SDOH.
Read SDOH literature summaries
View SDOH Infographics
Each SDOH infographic represents a single example from each of the 5 domains of the social determinants of health. You can download them, print them, and share them with your networks.
Check out SDOH infographics
Lookalike domains and protection against them
Our colleagues have already talked in sufficient detail about how cybercriminals attack companies through compromised email addresses of employees, as well as how to protect against such attacks using SPF, DKIM and DMARC technologies.
But despite the obvious advantages of the described solutions, there is a method that can bypass them, and we want to talk about it.
But let’s start from afar: how relevant is email today? After all, this year we saw a sharp rise in the popularity of video conferencing software, and in the few years before that, the same growth in the popularity of instant messengers, in particular WhatsApp and Telegram. However, email is still the main means of communication on the Internet, at least in a business environment. Indirect confirmation of this is the increase in the number and quality of attacks aimed at compromising corporate mail (Business E-mail Compromise, BEC). According to the American Cybercrime Complaint Center (IC3), the financial damage from these incidents has increased sevenfold over the past five years.
Financial damage from BEC attacks, 2015–2019 (download)
The data for 2020 has not yet been processed, but given the COVID-19 pandemic and the mass transfer of employees to remote work, it can be safely assumed that the number of BEC attacks has only grown.
The same is true of early studies of the threat landscape.
The use of similar domains in BEC
One of the features of BEC attacks is the emphasis not on the technical component (in the case of mail, the capabilities of cybercriminals are rather limited), but on social engineering. As a rule, technical and social methods are combined for greater efficiency.
The lion’s share of combinations of SPF, DKIM and DMARC technologies cope more or less effectively. But there is an exception – an attack using similar domains (lookalike domain). The essence of the method is simple: a cybercriminal registers a domain that looks very similar to the domain of the attacked company or its counterparty. Letters sent from it pass domain authentication without any problems (they deceive SPF), are provided with a cryptographic signature (they skip DKIM), and in general do not arouse suspicion from security systems. One problem: these are phishing emails. And if they are written plausibly enough, according to the corporate template, with an emphasis on the urgency of the issue, etc.
, then the victim will most likely not notice the catch.
Here are some examples of fake domain names:
| Original domain | Fake domain |
| netflix.com | netffix.com |
| kaspersky.com | kapersky.com |
| uralairlines.ru | uralairilnes.ru |
As you can see, the fake differs from the original in just one letter, which is added (or removed) in such a way that the substitution could not be detected at a cursory glance.
To get a general idea of the use of lookalike domains, we collected statistics on campaigns using lookalike fakes for the third quarter of 2020. After analyzing the data, we came to the conclusion that the pandemic has significantly changed the vector of thinking of attackers. If the financial sector was the main target before it, now the service sector has come to the fore, which includes various e-commerce services: grocery delivery, online shopping, buying air tickets, etc.
In the third quarter, domains in this sector accounted for 34, 7% of the total number of campaigns.
Distribution of detected lookalike domains by category, Q3 2020 (download)
then in the third quarter – already 22.2%. This is quite expected, since the massive transition to online should have affected the overall situation.
A little bit about the lookalike approach
Unlike spam mailings, mass and long-term, attacks using lookalike domains, like any BEC attack, are designed for a specific victim (or range of victims). Consequently, emails are few and well thought out, and domains have a very short lifespan. We see that half of the fake domains are used once, and in 73% of cases the address is active within one day.
This leads to the fact that classic anti-spam solutions based on the signature approach (they saw an attack – made a rule) do not cope, and there is a need for proactive protection methods. There are two common and at the same time simple methods that are often chosen by companies concerned with protection against lookalike attacks and the like.
The first one is self-registration of domains with typos and subsequent setting of a redirect to the official domain. This reduces the chances of cybercriminals to register a plausible forgery, but, firstly, it does not completely eliminate the threat, and secondly, it does not prevent the domains of partners, contractors and other organizations with which the company is in correspondence from being forged.
The second is the compilation of lists of plausible fake names for both the company domain and partner and counterparty domains. They are loaded into an anti-spam solution in order to preventively block all correspondence coming from fakes. The main disadvantage of this method is still the same: the inability to provide for all options for fake domains, especially if the company works with many organizations. Plus, the human factor: one typo in the list for tens and hundreds of domain names will lead to a security breach, and in the worst case, to blocking letters from a legitimate domain instead of a fake one and an additional headache for business units.
In general, when our customers were no longer satisfied with standard solutions, they came to us for complex, but more effective solutions. In this regard, we have developed a method that does not require user intervention. In short, it automatically compiles a global list of legitimate addresses that, in theory, can be faked, and on its basis analyzes and blocks emails from lookalike domains. In fact, it works ahead of the curve.
Principle of operation
The method of protection against lookalike attacks consists of three main elements: calculations on the client, domain reputation checks in KSN (Kaspersky Secutiy Network) and calculations on the infrastructure. These stages, in turn, are divided into subtasks – the general principle is shown in the diagram:
In practice, everything looks like this. When a letter is received, the sender’s domain gets into KSN, where it is compared with the list of lookalike domains already known to us. If the address is found, the letter is instantly blocked (steps 1 to 3).
If nothing is known about the sender’s domain, then the message is quarantined for a short period (step 4). During this time, the technology checks the address according to a given algorithm, and if it is found to be fake, it adds it to the list of lookalike domains in KSN. After the message is released from quarantine, it is re-scanned (step 9) and is blocked because by this time the list of lookalike domains has already been updated.
Let’s consider how the sender check works and how the list of lookalike domains is replenished. Information about sending mail to quarantine enters the KSN database along with additional metadata, including the sender’s domain (step 5). At the first stage of analysis, domains are checked for a wide range of characteristics, such as WHOIS data, DNS records, certificates, etc. This stage is necessary in order to immediately weed out clearly legitimate hosts that are still unknown to our system. In the future, messages from such domains will not be re-quarantined, since information about them will already be contained in KSN.
At the second stage, the system checks the similarity of suspicious hosts and addresses from our global list of legitimate domains (step 7), which includes the domains of our clients and their counterparties. It is generated automatically based on an assessment of the frequency of sending legitimate emails from the domain and the uniformity of the flow of emails among users. The extent to which the picture we received corresponds to the behavior of employees in terms of business correspondence determines the reputation of the domain (step 6). If the scam domain is very similar to a legitimate address, it is also included in the list of lookalike domains and all correspondence sent from it is blocked.
The approach we have developed is more complicated than a simple registration of similar domains to a company, and allows you to block attacks from lookalike domains in real time when they first appear. The human factor is also excluded – the global list of legitimate domains is kept up to date thanks to automatic updates.
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He is so happy there. I can tell that he’s having fun, is learning tons, and most importantly, I can tell that he feels cared for and respected. I’m so lucky to have found this place! It’s also one of the most spacious daycares that I’ve seen in the area.
The attention to detail is outstanding! The center is very clean.
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Our parents can be comfortable in knowing we guide our students in learning and development stages by:
Our babies love playing ball, chasing bubbles, dabbling in finger paint (really pudding!), reading stories in a comfy lap, singing songs and moving to the music. When weather permits they enjoy the fresh air and sunshine in a big, 6 seat stroller. 
By incorporating the latest techniques regarding early childhood learning, The Little Anderson is ahead of the curve when it comes to providing child care of the highest quality.
A complete curriculum covers listening and language skills, pre-reading, pre-writing and pre-math activities, introduction to the basics of science, development of motor skills – large and small, thinking skills, and creativity in arts and crafts. Lesson plans are posted outside each classroom and parents are encouraged to reinforce these skills at home. 
Joseph University
Joseph University. Young children from infancy through age 5 are served in our developmentally-appropriate programs for infants, toddlers, and pre-k age children.
Our research based pre-literacy strategies help young children grow and learn to their highest potential. We value the diversity of our school and work in partnership with families to support their children’s positive identity, academic success, and social and emotional development. 
The project consists of 4 parts: A core preschool curriculum, (Joyful Discoveries), Playful Interventions, Family Education, and Teacher Professional Learning. The main curriculum, Joyful Discoveries, consists of 12 Units plus the Alphabetics Small Group. 
The Mount was one of only 18 schools in America to earn this distinction. It is our personal mission to strive to become one of the best daycares in Cincinnati.
The summer program is currently in the works, please reach out if you have any questions.
Joseph University, we strive to create balanced classroom populations that represent the greater community. We value diversity and ask, in our applications, for you to provide information that reflects the unique nature of your child and family. The Lab School does not discriminate on the basis of race, religion, creed, color, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin or physical challenge.
Please contact us to set up an appointment!
6 6 million 
In Over-the-Rhine, you can find entire blocks of old mansions and organic breweries. These historic buildings are wonderfully combined with modern skyscrapers from downtown Cincinnati and a suspension bridge across the Ohio River – the prototype of the famous Brooklyn Bridge in New York. Well, the main gastronomic card of the city, which is included in the top of the most iconic dishes of America – Cincinnati chile, also cannot be overlooked. “Queen of the West” will be of particular interest to future students – the largest educational institutions in the region operate in the city: the University of Cincinnati and the University of Miami, located in the northern suburbs of Cincinnati. 
16 thousand rubles 
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96 thousand rubles 
02 thousand ₽ 
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We want to ensure the safety of our guests and confirm that McKee’s Pet Place is a good fit for your dog’s personality and needs. On the first day of care, please allow 15 to 20 minutes for the check-in process to allow us to review how your dog interacts with our staff and other guests.
We utilize their doggie day care service 3 days a week and grooming when needed. Lexi definitely needs understanding and patient folks working with her and they have gone above and beyond every visit. We highly recommend and love McKee’s!
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9 km from the hotel.. National Football Hall of Fame is 4.3 km away.. Star and Monarch Butterfly Wind Vanes are within walking distance. 
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And, of course, it is recommended to try the meatloaf, a basket of catfish or pork chops at Ms. Mary’s Southern Kitchen. 
Guests will be told about the history of video games at the National Videogame Museum. 
Children can become part of the Dragon Pride team at Carroll High School, one of the best schools in the Carroll School District. Southlake is only half an hour from downtown Dallas, making it quick enough to get to work. 
Bush Presidential Center and wander around the posh Presidential Library to learn about the 43rd President of the United States. Explore the charming shops and eateries of Snider Plaza. Visit the Meadows Museum, one of the largest foreign collections of Spanish art dating back to the 10th century. 
The program assists caregivers through education and support to develop the children and get them “school ready”. This family-child interaction learning environment program has been proven to be successful in laying a successful and educational foundation for young children ages zero through 5 years old.
Register at your local branch.
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5 credit
Summer remediation for high school testing will occur from June 12-June 23, 2023 from 9:00 – 3:00 with face to face instruction at designated locations (See below). The LEAP 2025 retest will be offered June 26-30, 2023 at the same designated locations below. Students will participate in remediation for the subject area(s) in which they will retest.
Every 9th and 10th grade student will take core academic classes to work towards a diploma. Following the student’s 10th grade year, a student may choose to work toward a Jump Start TOPS Tech Pathway or pursue the TOPS University Pathway. Students may choose both pathways. Decisions are made with counseling and guidance, based on the student’s interests, capabilities, and ambitions.
From Academic Honor Societies to Greek Life. From Student Government and the Debate Team to Intramural Sports. You’ll easily find your place here at LSUS.
O.C.K. graduates benefit from ‘active learning time’
Thanks to financial support programs, students have the opportunity to fully or partially cover the cost of education. On the official website of the university you will find all the relevant information about tuition fees and scholarships. 
The university students have access to the library. It contains a collection of scientific papers, textbooks and fiction. Student life at Louisiana State University at Shreveport is filled with intercultural activities, as not only local students study here, but also students from abroad. The exchange of knowledge and experience, networking and new acquaintances – all this is an integral part of the student body. 
As a result, the admissions committee has set a high acceptance rate for all students wishing to enter the school. The duration of the course of study at medical schools in Louisiana is four years. 
The MD program is divided into four years. The first two years include core coursework in areas such as anatomy and the natural sciences. Students must pass the first phase of the USMLE exam. The third year is a mandatory clerk, and the final year includes a combination of an elected and a mandatory clerk. 
However, the school has a 32-hour policy for students to be eligible for 32 or more hours of coursework after completing a bachelor’s degree, especially for students whose GPA is not competitive. 
It is one of Louisiana’s leading medical schools and is the 15th oldest institution in the United States. They have dual degree programs like other Louisiana medical schools which include MD and MPH, MD and MBA, MD and Ph.D. program. 
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To help you prepare for your interview, we’ve gathered some member comments from the Daycare.com forum to provide insights on what to expect and how to make the most of this crucial step……. 
We started out small by walking around our long block. We clocked it in the car and found that it was six-tenth of a mile. That took about seventeen to twenty minutes depending on the skill set and age of the walkers….. 
26 of Chelyabinsk”. “Angelic” Tournament
It turned out to be much more difficult than expected at first, so it was decided not to evaluate each craft separately, but the participation of the group as a whole. But the decision has been made, so we will announce it on our website. 
, “Seals” group 
My daughter was five years old, and she knew: her mother was either nearby or at work. That’s why she asked: – Are you on the set? — No, a handsome man was invited to a restaurant. She laid the child down, she kissed me: – Just please drive carefully. I was told that it was too early for my daughter to talk about her plans. She left and that’s it! But I do not consider it necessary to invent stories about urgent matters – I prefer to tell the truth. We made eye contact, and Masha understood: if I was invited and I agreed, then I need it. Even the daughter knows: first of all, I live in her interests. They say that by doing this I sacrifice my personal life, they condemn me for this. But I don’t hurt myself in any way. On the contrary, I get great pleasure from the fact that my whole world revolves around Mani. Today she is eighteen. How much of this inseparable, immersed in each other co-existence is left for us? On the strength of five years. Then the daughter will grow up and she will begin an independent life.
If tomorrow I say: “I want to get married! I can’t wait any longer, let’s live as a big family,” Masha will agree. But I know that at this moment she will overcome herself. And I don’t want to live like this: to live and know that the child had to step over himself. Well, maybe no one wants to wait. There’s nothing you can do: that’s life. 
Winter is on the street. We get into the car, dad pulls away, and only then mom exhales: “Fuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuus! Seems like it did.” This is about the fact that this time she miraculously redid all the household chores, fed her husband and children and is not late for work. And then mom… took out parts of her costume from her bag and started putting them on right in the car. There just wasn’t enough time in the morning! She combed her hair, tinted it already in the clinic. Our parents taught us by example. On my mother’s bedside table there were always the “Law of God” and the Bible. And we were baptized not when it became fashionable, but immediately after birth. In the USSR, the church was banned: parents’ colleagues did not know about christening. Otherwise, dad would have been fired from work with a bang. He sincerely believed in God, wore a cross. But at the same time he joined the party. And by the way, when everyone at some point renounced the party, he remained in its ranks to the end.
He was part of the family. They say that time will pass and it will become easier, there are no irreplaceable people. But dad, who has not been with us for a long time, is irreplaceable for me. Like Uncle Lesha. 
He found money, argued, shouted, made enemies. And in our profession, support is very important. It’s not worth talking about how big he was in the cinema. When at the Cannes Film Festival the audience did not accept the film “Khrustalev, the car!”, Leading film critics of France apologized to Alexei Yuryevich. Many of them called the film the greatest work of art. I am grateful to fate for giving me a meeting with Uncle Lesha and Aunt Sveta. And parents always treated them with warmth and tenderness. Dad married only at forty-one years old and spent his youth rather stormy. He was honest with his ladies, including married ones, he did not promise anything. But all his life he accompanied almost all the children from them. Helped everyone. There is a family legend that after the death of my grandmother, my mother was sorting through photographs and suddenly saw me … sixteen years old. Given that I was barely nine then, this girl was very similar to me – like an older sister. “I look at the photo, the last name on the back, I begin to compare the facts and I understand everything .
..” my mother said, laughing. “That’s why this girl immediately entered the university. That’s why she was visiting Rurik’s mother. Grandmother knew a lot of things, but did not reveal family secrets. And we could only guess what really happened. Parents taught me to be tolerant and kind. Regardless of whether they are blood relatives or not, other people’s children or their own. After all, even strangers may need your help. Today I am not only an actress, but also a member of the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg. They come to me with their troubles. Recently, there are especially many of those who were deceived by taking away an apartment. They sit and cry: “We are homeless, we have nothing to eat,” and they immediately throw accusations against me, “and you live in mansions on the Field of Mars …” I understand that this is unfair and the person says this out of desperation. And I still cry at home. Masha asks: “Mom, give up this job, don’t go to the next term.” But it is important for me to feel that at least someone can help.
Plus, tomorrow is a work day. It was really incredibly scary to talk, but the music was turned off. I hope Masha remembered this story. Following my parents, I never dictate to my daughter how she should act. I try to be a good example for her. 
Mommy always adjusted to our schedule, but if she made any decision, it was not negotiable. Once she said that we were going somewhere, it means that everyone was going. Still decides how I dress, comb my hair. In this sense, Masha is given complete freedom. There was a case, she dressed up very brightly: a blue-red-white plaid shirt, huge boots on her legs, and a light scarf around her neck. Wow! It was as if a man ran past a rope on which clothes were drying, grabbed what turned up under his arm, and put it on. Masha asked: “Mommy, how are you?” – Kitty, do you like it? This is the main thing. My daughter said that she feels fashionable and stylish. And went to school in a new outfit. She came back almost crying: – Why didn’t you warn me that I looked like a crocodile? I answered: – You wanted to leave the house as a crocodile and were completely delighted with yourself. If I told you that you look terrible, you would cry. I decided that my mother did not understand you, and would have gone to school in a disgusting mood.
If you put pressure on Masha, she will obey unconditionally. But he will worry. And I don’t want the child to suffer for my fleeting convenience. For example, it would be easy and convenient for me to send her to the country for the whole summer. I know that under the supervision of her adored grandmother and other relatives, she will be well-groomed, watered and fed. She has her favorite books there, a trampoline, a swimming pool, a dog, a horse, a river, a lake. But last year, Masha did not want to stay at the dacha for the whole summer. She rushed to a friend outside the city – it’s quiet, calm and easy. There’s nothing to be done: the girl grows up. 
I plow like a man, earn money, renovate an apartment. And for my mother, I continue to be a little girl. It’s difficult. I used to think that my mother was always right. And only closer to forty did I believe that I had the right to my own opinion. I became independent for the sake of the child. Masha must feel strength in me. 
I have an angel child. I even try not to raise my voice to my daughter: she is very vulnerable. It is necessary to look strictly, immediately begins to worry. Once Masha answered me sharply: stress and heavy workloads at school had an effect. For the first time, the child growled: “I don’t want to-u-u-u-u!” I got lost. She didn’t say a word, counted to ten in her head, and went into the bedroom. And she just cried there. Children just don’t act up like that, if this happens, you need to look for the reason. On reflection, I realized that the baby just drove. And then the door swings open, Manya flies in: “Mom! Darling, I’m sorry, I offended you so much! 
I am convinced that it is better to be alone than to endure an unworthy person next to you. Children from her class constantly come to our house. Among them are many educated intelligent boys. From families that hold the same views as ours. I believe that Manya will never go over boyfriends, guided by their financial situation. She is a sensitive spiritual child, they scold me that my daughter grows up in a special world, cannot adapt to life, but once in a creative camp she existed with all the children in the same conditions. And she was immensely happy. My daughter inherited this ability from me – I also always knew how to feel happy everywhere. I lived with the feeling: if you have money, it’s good, if you don’t, we’ll survive. And took out the sewing machine. No one suspected that I knew how to sew, they whispered: “Oh, she has a dress from Cardin.” And Masha loves needlework, she made her first stitches at the age of two. Dad’s salary was good, sometimes bad. But no one stopped bleaching linens and tablecloths.
There were no washing machines yet, and we always had a full bath. To bathe the children, my mother would put the laundry in basins, “rinse” us, and return to the laundry. I have inherited a love of cleanliness. I remember how in the first year of the institute we went to the collective farm, where we lived in barracks. But I didn’t stay in the mud for a minute! Of all the guys, only I knew how to maintain order and create coziness. After collecting potatoes, I returned, quickly boiled water on the stove, washed the floors and changed into clean clothes. I wore a white tracksuit and white socks. Fundamentally! Like the napkins on the bedside stool. The rest of the classmates could live and look like piglets. Of the products we had only potatoes and stew, but I managed to invent a lot of delicious dishes. When I bought the apartment where we live today, all the furniture consisted of a plastic table with chairs. Only the bathroom, Masha’s bedroom and the library were finished, where the white piano, which her mother had presented, stood alone.
I slept on the floor. Gradually they bought everything, paid off their debts. But then… my oxygen was cut off. It is impossible to forget a terrible year and a half, when everything went out of life: position, money, friends. And everything possible was done so that I was not in this profession. But this is too hard to remember, and I will not go into details. The main thing is that the family remained nearby. Father. And, of course, Mana. I honestly told her then: 
I will do everything so that the child does not need anything. And if Manya meets a boy who goes to study further until he gets on his feet, I will support him. Of course, when I see that he can become a professional in his field. I will not feed the loafer. 
But I like to just chat!” The boys already have love in their heads, but it is not ready yet. I think that my girl will remain a child for a long time. I’m not a hypocrite. But what is allowed for a boy is forbidden for a girl. I myself was brought up like that and I expect the same behavior from Masha. I am far from the ideas of feminism. Recently I was invited to the conference “Women of the World”. I go on stage, I say: “Ladies, let’s stop! Protect unfortunate men! Do you understand that we completely crushed them? A single father raising three children is not even entitled to maternity capital. Is it fair? At first there was dead silence. Then I was escorted with displeasure and no longer called. 
How I laughed when Masha exclaimed: “Oh, that’s how it is! The boys in the class were talking, but so stupidly that I didn’t understand anything.” I crossed myself: I wish I looked good, start talking nonsense when the child has already been enlightened! 
Masha was happy: the attention pleased her. 
Although Manya shared her grief not immediately. I stepped back, went the other way, then, as if jokingly, started a theoretical conversation about romance. So gradually everything became clear. After Masha told, tears welled up in her eyes. And I kept saying that absolutely everyone goes through such a feeling and, unfortunately, it often fails. 
I’m “flying” with employment. She is heavily loaded with languages, in a theater studio, a gym, a swimming pool, a music school. And my daughter rides on our horse Cinderella. There is simply no time left for any nonsense. These are all huge loads. Of course, I’m worried about my daughter. But I don’t control Masha’s communication in any way, I don’t get into correspondence. I think that reading other people’s letters is unacceptable. I don’t need to read Mani’s messages to understand that something is wrong with her. It is enough to look into the eyes, to feel the mood. If parents do not see what is happening with their child, they simply do not want it: it is more convenient. And they gave birth to a child only in order to have someone to give a glass of water in old age. I don’t need this glass! Bring – it turns out, I did everything right. But no … well, I’ll blame myself: it means I made a mistake somewhere, I’ll have to take the water myself. 
That’s how I was brought up. I bear this surname and cannot disgrace it. Sometimes friends come. Friends-actors, partners in the theater stage and cinema often come to us. At the same time, I have my own relationship with Lesha Nilov, Seryozha Selin, Seryozha Koshonin and Andrei Fedortsov, and my daughter has her own. Masha is very friendly with Selin’s wife Anya. She is very young and closer to her age. She loves Sasha Kuznetsova, the daughter of Yuri Alexandrovich, Varenka Fedortsova. The girls talk like sisters. Sometimes my colleagues and I rehearse at our home. And I know that in order for men to work well, they need to be fed. Borscht, cutlets, pies, broth are put on the table. One day I didn’t have time to cook dinner. She flew into the apartment and saw that Masha had already done everything herself. She decided to arrange a French dinner: she poured onion soup from a tureen into plates, took French meat out of the oven. And an airy dessert was also expected. The guests ate and asked for more.
The next day, an Italian dinner awaited them: spaghetti carbonara and panna cotta. My daughter and I have a marvelous union: I represent the “domostroevskaya” kitchen, she is innovative. Moreover, our cookbooks differ significantly from each other. In my opinion, it’s immediately clear where the recipes for cutlets are, where the dough is: the pages are stained with minced meat, flour, eggs. The child brings a skirt rack into the kitchen, attaches an open book to it, and places it at eye level. Cooks without touching the pages with your hands. I’m spinning my cutlets while my cat makes a stuffed apple with two kinds of meat and a rice pad in almond butter. I think: “Nastya, relax with your cutlets! Maybe they are delicious, but who needs them after such a miracle? I am learning cooking from Masha, she is from me, and it’s great. The next visit of my colleagues was crowned with an English dinner with stuffed eggplants. Masha is already acting in films, she is able to hold the audience. She realized this when she performed in front of an audience of ten thousand on Teacher’s Day.
Then I had an overlay: in one evening I had to attend two government events at once, which could not be refused. One started at six in the evening at the Mariinsky Theatre, the other at seven at the Ice Palace. Mani rescued me! Imagine, they announce: “Honored artist, la-la-la, Anastasia Melnikova …” My daughter comes on stage and, with all her childish spontaneity, declares: “Mom is delayed at her previous job, so for now I will lead the concert.” Ten thousand people fell silent, and Masha read touching verses: “Do not dare to offend teachers, they put their whole soul, heart into us …” The women in the hall burst into tears. I arrived when Manya was talking on stage with the teachers invited to the holiday. The producer immediately ran up: he asked to hold a concert dedicated to the Ninth of May, together with his daughter. “Sorry, it was an exclusive,” we replied. I think it’s too early for her to dive into the profession. But one way or another, Masha saves me not only at home, but also on stage.
There was another case when she closed the concert when I had to run away to shoot. 
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Water and regular feedings can kill him. It is easy to manage when you know how but takes special people to care for him. Otherwise, he is a sweet happy German Shepard/Lab mix. Cuddly and playful.
Feb 7-25.
The only cost is your annual membership, making it an affordable and fulfilling way to travel.
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All public universities in France are officially free. The tuition fee includes only the registration fee ( frais d’inscription ) – 3,114 USD/year. This is lower than in neighboring Spain and the Netherlands. In addition, France has some of the best educational programs in Europe. Especially in the arts, sciences and business. 
They cover the levels L1-L2 and provide access to the main three-year program of high schools: the third year of Liance (L3) plus two years of master’s degree (M1-M2). Passing the CPGE is a prerequisite for studying in many grandes écoles . The exceptions are engineering and business schools, where you can enroll immediately after high school.
They are led by full-time and visiting professors. As a rule, they take place in spacious amphitheater auditoriums. Interaction with the teacher during CM is minimal: students only listen and write down his words.
At the stage of admission to state universities there is no selection – screening of students begins in the learning process. The progress control system is quite strict: most students do not reach the required level and fail their semester exams. Sometimes only 30% of students pass to the second year of L-2 [2] . In other words, almost two-thirds of the applicants end up dropping out [3] . 
The only condition for admission to the magistracy of any French university is the presence of a diploma in a related field. Change of specialty in the magistracy in France is not supported. 
At the beginning of 2015, I received an offer for an interview at Criteo. The company was just actively replenishing the staff, and they found me on Linkedin, where they offered to try to pass an interview. After the first Skype interview, I was invited to an insight in Paris. This was in February 2015. As you might have guessed, the interview went well and I received a job offer. It happened in just a couple of days. Then there was a very long procedure for collecting and processing documents and obtaining visas for me and my family (wife and daughter, who is now 4 years old). And so, on September 27, 2015, we unloaded from the plane near Paris and went to our temporary apartment. 
I don’t know anything about other types of visas, so I won’t comment. 
But we were very surprised when we entered the 4-room apartment, with two bedrooms, a dining room and a living room. The apartment had everything you need, as well as two fireplaces, individual heating and cleaning once a week. It was located a stone’s throw from Notre Dame, in a classic Haussmann house with high ceilings, a narrow staircase covered with a red carpet and wrought iron balconies. The upstairs neighbor turned out to be the sweetest woman with a cat and a parrot, she treated us to invitations to a wine exhibition and invited us to visit, the downstairs neighbor was a grump and a bore, working at night and wanting to sleep during the day, and so that complete silence 🙂 
We ourselves could not afford to rent such an apartment, as the company provided, and Paris seemed too cramped to us. 
When we lived almost in the very center of Paris, it took about 40 minutes to get to work (if there were no traffic collapses). Now, the travel time has increased to 50 minutes (again, under favorable circumstances). The difference, I think, is not significant. 
This greatly simplified our move – it would not be easy to deal with all these issues on our own. 
On the appointed day (a couple of days before departure, for example), several neat and well-mannered movers come to you, all this stuff is cleverly packed into boxes and taken to the warehouse. I must say that they pack everything neatly and quickly, the most positive impressions from the work of this company. 
We use git, the workflow is built on gerrit, and we do reviews in it. Of course, there are many internal tools that are written in the favorite language of the author of a particular tool. 
I know at least two projects that have grown from 10% to a full-fledged product. Once a year, a hackathon is held, the results of which are summed up in six months – this gives teams time to finish or abandon their concepts. Sometimes what started at the hackathon is continued on the 10% initiative. 
Since I work 40 hours a week, I am entitled to 2 additional weeks of vacation per year. In total, it turns out 7 weeks of vacation per year, which is wonderful 🙂 
If in a hat and down jacket – a tourist from the FSU. When I came for an interview in February, the girls were walking through the wet snow in sandals (although it was February 14). 
