Baby

Excessive saliva in pregnancy | Pregnancy, Worries and discomforts articles & support

Read time 2 minutes

Show References

You’re probably getting a few odd pregnancy symptoms you hadn’t been expecting. Yet excessive saliva (ptyalism) might be one of the most unexpected…

What is ptyalism?

Ptyalism is a condition where you make too much saliva. People with ptyalism might produce one to two litres of saliva daily (Freeman et al, 1994). Ptyalism is also known as hypersalivation or sialorrhea, and often affects women in the early stages of pregnancy (VanDinter, 1991, Freeman et al, 1994). Ptyalism won’t harm your baby and is not a serious condition but that doesn’t mean you can’t find it upsetting and uncomfortable.

Excessive saliva and the first trimester

Ptyalism is common during the first trimester of pregnancy. You might need to spit out some saliva into a tissue quite often, and the bitter taste of the saliva can cause nausea and vomiting. The good news for most women is that it should ease after the first trimester.

Causes of excessive saliva

As with most things in pregnancy, your hormones are to blame for excessive saliva (Freeman et al, 1994). It can also be caused by pregnancy sickness, as nausea can make women try to swallow less, especially in those with hyperemesis gravidarum (extreme morning sickness).

Other causes include heartburn, which is common in pregnancy, and irritants like smoke, toxins and some medical conditions.

Treatments for excessive saliva

While there is no medical treatment for ptyalism, you may be able to ease symptoms by:

This page was last reviewed in March 2018

Further information

Our support line offers practical and emotional support with feeding your baby and general enquiries for parents, members and volunteers: 0300 330 0700.

We also offer antenatal courses which are a great way to find out more about birth, labour and life with a new baby.

Make friends with other parents-to-be and new parents in your local area for support and friendship by seeing what NCT activities are happening nearby.

References

Freeman JJ, Altieri RH, Baptiste HJ, Kao T, Crittenden S, Fogarty K, Moultrie M, Coney E, Kanegis K. (1994) Evaluation and management of sialorrea of pregnancy with comcomitant hyperemesis. Journal of the National Medical Association.  86:704-708. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2607586/pdf/jnma00409-0066.pdf [Accessed 13th March 2018].

Suzuki S, Igarashi M, Yamashita E, Satomi M. (2009) Ptyalism gravidarum. North American Journal of Medical Sciences 1(6): 303-304. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3364630/ [Accessed 13th March 2018].

Thaxter Nesbeth KA, Samuels LA, Nicholson Daley C, Gossell-Williams M, Nesbeth DA. (2016) Ptyalism in pregnancy – a review of epidemiology and practices. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Biology 198: 47-9.  Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785128  [Accessed 13th March 2018].

VanDinter MC. (1991) Ptyalism in pregnant women. Journal of Obstetric, Gyanecological and Neonatal Nursing. 20: 206-209. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2056357  [Accessed 13th March 2018].

Share this

Information you can trust from NCT

When it comes to content, our aim is simple: every parent should have access to information they can trust.

All of our articles have been thoroughly researched and are based on the latest evidence from reputable and robust sources. We create our articles with NCT antenatal teachers, postnatal leaders and breastfeeding counsellors, as well as academics and representatives from relevant organisations and charities.

Read more about our editorial review process.

Morning sickness and pregnancy nausea
Read article

Which vitamins to take during pregnancy
Read article

Baby Drool Rash: How to Recognize, Treat, & Prevent

While baby drool can be an annoying (albeit critical) process of teething that you can’t do anything about, you can prevent drool rash. Drooling and excess saliva in general are just part of a young baby’s growth. At that age, everything is centered around their mouth. From three to six months, in particular, this can be very common in babies.

• Drooling and saliva are responsible for many roles in your newborn.
• It keeps your baby’s mouth moist
• It helps wash away food or milk residue
• It can make it easier for a baby to swallow, especially since saliva can soften food
• Once your baby has teeth, it reduces tooth decay.
• It also helps digestion due to the enzymes present in saliva which both change starches into sugars and neutralize stomach acid.

Sometimes, though there’s just simply too much drool. Your little one may develop a skin condition, sometimes called a teething rash as excess saliva production is associated with teething. Saliva is thought to soothe their irritated gums. New parents may also wonder how long drool rash lasts? Most babies stop having bouts of drool rash when they are in the 15-month to 18-month range.

Signs & Symptoms Of Drool Rash

Drool rash often looks like flat or slightly raised patches of reddened skin with small red bumps. These can appear on the mouth, cheeks, neck, or even chest. Sometimes the skin appears chapped as well. The patches may be moist or dry. Milder versions of drool rash may initially present as irritated skin.

Some parents wonder if drool rashes and teething rashes hurt. Well, it depends. Some babies do experience pain, if it’s not resolved quickly. And some babies are simply irritated, but not in pain.

Sometimes drool rash can look similar to other forms of dermatitis. A good way to narrow down the cause is to see if your baby has any other allergies or irritants besides drool that could be causing the problem.

What Causes Drool Rash?

Drool rash is simply caused by too much drool. When that much liquid is left lingering on the baby’s delicate and sensitive skin for an extended period of time, it’s easy for a rash to develop. But where is all this drool coming from?

Teething

Excess saliva is a very common symptom of teething. Babies may gnaw on their hands or other objects as their teeth begin to erupt. Saliva then drips down their faces, necks, and bodies where it can gather and pool.

Food Residue

If a smear of food is left on your baby’s face for too long, it can also lead to a drool rash. Sometimes food gets on their faces when they are experimenting with solids. Or your baby may not be able to keep food down if they don’t have their front teeth in yet.

Pacifiers

These are another culprit for teething rashes. As pacifiers can stay in babies’ mouths for a long time, saliva that trickles out gets trapped between the pacifier and the chin. This gives time for the drooling rash to develop.

Home Remedies

While these are the major causes, your baby may also just drool a lot. So what can you do to prevent and manage drool rashes? There are a few solutions.

Prevention Is Key

The best thing you can do is prevent drool rash in the first place.

Frequently drying your baby is a good idea. Especially after feedings. Keep a burp cloth handy (or use a receiving blanket) and make sure to wipe down your baby’s drool. Don’t focus on just the face. Make sure to check the folds of their neck and pat down the chest as well. Dab gently—remember their skin is sensitive!

You can also use a bib too to protect your baby’s chest. This can prevent chafing and the rash if your baby soaks through their shirt quickly. Change bibs as needed.

Eliminate Other Irritants

Make sure you are using baby-safe detergents, soaps, and other cleansers. When in doubt, choose the fragrance-free option. Cleaning their pacifiers or teething toys frequently also helps. You can monitor your baby to see if a particular object or product worsens the rash when present.

Clean & Apply Soothing Creams

Wash the affected areas gently twice a day. It’s going to take time for the skin to heal and you don’t want an infection to set in. Check with your physician to see if you can use an ointment like Aquafor or petroleum jelly to soothe your baby’s skin and create another barrier.

When To Call the Doctor

If you are not seeing improvement with home treatment or spot any of the following signs, it may be a good idea to get in touch with your pediatrician. They can go over the next steps.

• If the rash begins to crack, ooze, or weep other fluid. This could be a sign of an infection, and a physician may give you an antibiotic.
• If your child has a fever.
• If they’re having difficulty breathing or swallowing, reach out. This may also be a sign of an allergic reaction or a sign of choking.
• If your baby is fussy or refusing to eat.

Now that you know more about drool rash treatment and prevention, the next step on your parenting journey is to find experienced and compassionate child care. Let Sittercity help. Thousands of new sitters and nannies join every day—search and book the best option for you and your family.

symptoms and treatment (reminder for parents)

Enteroviral infections – is a group of diseases caused by several types of viruses. The disease is caused by Coxsackieviruses, polioviruses and ECHO (ECHO).

After an enterovirus infection, persistent lifelong immunity is formed, however, it is serospecific. This means that immunity is formed only to the serological type of virus that the child has had and does not protect him from other varieties of these viruses. Therefore, a child can get sick with an enterovirus infection several times in his life. Also, this feature does not allow the development of a vaccine to protect our children from this disease. The disease has a seasonality: outbreaks of the disease are most often observed in the summer-autumn period.

Causes of infection with enterovirus infection.

Infection occurs in several ways. Viruses can enter the environment from a sick child or from a child who is a carrier of the virus. Virus carriers do not have any manifestations of the disease, but the viruses are in the intestines and are excreted into the environment with feces. This condition can be observed in children who have been ill after a clinical recovery, or in children in whom the virus has entered the body, but could not cause the disease due to the strong immunity of the child. The virus carrier can persist for 5 months.

Once in the environment, viruses can persist for quite a long time, as they tolerate adverse effects well. Viruses are well preserved in water and soil; when frozen, they can survive for several years; heated to 45ºС die in 45-60 seconds).

How enterovirus infection is transmitted.

The transmission mechanism can be airborne (when sneezing and coughing with droplets of saliva from a sick child to a healthy one) and fecal-oral if personal hygiene is not followed. Most often, infection occurs through water, when drinking raw (not boiled) water. It is also possible to infect children through toys if children take them in their mouths. Most often, children aged 3 to 10 years are ill. In children who are breastfed, there is immunity in the body received from the mother through breast milk, however, this immunity is not stable and quickly disappears after the cessation of breastfeeding.

Symptoms of enterovirus infection.

Viruses enter the body through the mouth or upper respiratory tract. Once in the child’s body, the viruses migrate to the lymph nodes, where they settle and begin to multiply. The further development of the disease is associated with many factors, such as virulence (the ability of the virus to resist the protective properties of the body), tropism (the tendency to infect individual tissues and organs) of the virus, and the state of the child’s immunity.

Enteroviral infections have both similar manifestations and different ones, depending on the species and serotype. The incubation period (the period from the virus entering the child’s body until the first clinical signs appear) is the same for all enterovirus infections – from 1 to 10 days (usually 2-5 days).

The disease begins acutely – with an increase in body temperature to 38-39º C. The temperature most often lasts 3-5 days, after which it drops to normal numbers. Very often, the temperature has a wave-like course: the temperature stays for 2-3 days, after which it decreases and stays at normal levels for 2-3 days, then rises again for 1-2 days and finally returns to normal. When the temperature rises, the child feels weakness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, and vomiting may occur. With a decrease in body temperature, all these symptoms disappear, but with a repeated increase, they may return. The cervical and submandibular lymph nodes also increase, as viruses multiply in them.

Depending on which organs are most affected, there are several forms of enterovirus infection. Enteroviruses can affect: the central and peripheral nervous systems, oropharyngeal mucosa, eye mucosa, skin, muscles, heart, intestinal mucosa, liver; in boys, testicular damage is possible.

When the mucous membrane of the oropharynx is affected, enterovirus angina develops. It is manifested by an increase in body temperature, general intoxication (weakness, headache, drowsiness) and the presence of a vesicular rash in the form of bubbles filled with liquid on the mucous membrane of the oropharynx and tonsils. These bubbles burst, in their place ulcers are formed, filled with white bloom. After recovery, no traces remain at the site of the sores.

When the eyes are affected, conjunctivitis develops. It can be one- or two-sided. It manifests itself in the form of photophobia, lacrimation, redness and swelling of the eyes. There may be hemorrhages in the conjunctiva of the eye.

With muscle damage, myositis develops – muscle pain. Pain appears on the background of an increase in temperature. Soreness is observed in the chest, arms and legs. The appearance of pain in the muscles, as well as temperature, can be undulating. When the body temperature decreases, the pain decreases or disappears completely.

With damage to the intestinal mucosa (enteritis), there is a liquid stool. Stools of normal color (yellow or brown), liquid, without pathological (mucus, blood) impurities. The appearance of loose stools can be both against the background of an increase in temperature, and isolated (without an increase in body temperature).

Enteroviral infections can affect various parts of the heart. So, if the muscle layer is damaged, myocarditis develops, if the inner layer is damaged with capture of the heart valves, endocarditis develops, if the outer shell of the heart is damaged, pericarditis develops. The child may experience: increased fatigue, weakness, palpitations, drop in blood pressure, rhythm disturbances (blockade, extrasystoles), pain behind the sternum.

With damage to the nervous system, encephalitis, meningitis can develop. The child has: severe headache, nausea, vomiting, fever, convulsions, paresis and paralysis, loss of consciousness.

With liver damage, acute hepatitis develops. It is characterized by an increase in the liver, a feeling of heaviness in the right hypochondrium, pain in this place. Perhaps the appearance of nausea, heartburn, weakness, fever.

When the skin is damaged, exanthema may appear – hyperemia (red coloration) of the skin, most often on the upper half of the body (head, chest, arms), does not rise above the level of the skin, appears simultaneously.

Boys may have inflammation in the testicles with the development of morchitis. Most often, this condition develops 2-3 weeks after the onset of the disease with other manifestations (tonsillitis, loose stools, and others). The disease passes quite quickly and does not bear any consequences, however, in rare cases, the development of aspermia (lack of sperm) in adulthood is possible.

There are also congenital forms of enterovirus infection, when viruses enter the child’s body through the placenta from the mother. Usually, this condition has a benign course and is cured on its own, however, in some cases, an enterovirus infection can cause an abortion (miscarriage) and the development of a sudden death syndrome in a child (the death of a child occurs against the background of complete health).

Very rarely, damage to the kidneys, pancreas, lungs is possible. The defeat of various organs and systems can be observed both isolated and combined.

Treatment of enterovirus infection

There is no specific treatment for enterovirus infection. Treatment is carried out at home, hospitalization is indicated in the presence of damage to the nervous system, heart, high temperature, which cannot be reduced for a long time when using antipyretics. The child is shown bed rest for the entire period of fever.

Meals should be light, rich in proteins. A sufficient amount of liquid is needed: boiled water, mineral water without gases, compotes, juices, fruit drinks.

Treatment is carried out symptomatically, depending on the manifestations of the infection – tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, myositis, loose stools, heart damage, encephalitis, meningitis, hepatitis, exanthema, orchitis. In some cases (tonsillitis, diarrhea, conjunctivitis …) bacterial complications are prevented.

Children are isolated for the entire period of the disease. In the children’s team may be after the disappearance of all symptoms of the disease.

Prevention of enterovirus infection.

For prevention, it is necessary to observe the rules of personal hygiene: wash hands after going to the toilet, walking on the street, drinking only boiled water or water from a factory bottle, it is unacceptable to use water from an open source (river, lake) to drink a child.

There is no specific vaccine against enterovirus infection, since a large number of serotypes of these viruses are present in the environment.

Can’t sleep well. Why can saliva flow so much at night? | Healthy life | Health

04/06/2022 15:46

Anna Shatokhina

5339

shutterstock.com

Drooling at night is considered physiological and normal. Sometimes they even say that they slept too sweetly. However, there are situations when this happens too actively and too often. What can indicate the situation when, after sleeping, the pillow is wet from saliva?

“Saliva is produced by the salivary glands, among which are sublingual, parotid and submandibular. The excretory ducts of all salivary glands are located in the oral cavity. Salivation is necessary for us for the initial stage of digestion. Saliva contains amylase, an enzyme designed to digest starch, as well as lysozyme, which has bactericidal properties. The secretion of saliva is regulated reflexively, in other words, it is controlled by the nervous system. There are times when salivation is excessive. For example, there may be salivation during a night’s sleep, ”says Otorhinolaryngologist of the Clinical Diagnostic Center “Medincenter” (branch of GlavUpDK under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia) Elena Kulikova .

Causes of the phenomenon

Sometimes, the specialist notes, there are cases when nighttime salivation occurs due to the special structure of the jaw. “During sleep on the side, the jaw can relax so much that saliva begins to flow out unhindered. In such a case, this does not pose any danger, and in order to prevent an unpleasant symptom, you can simply learn to sleep on your back, ”explains Elena Kulikova.

If the secretion of saliva is really excessive, then this phenomenon is called hypersalivation and can have much more serious causes, the ENT doctor warns. Experts divide hypersalivation into two types – true and false.

“True hypersalivation produces more saliva than is considered normal. This may be due to pathological processes in the mouth, throat or salivary glands, as well as any parts of the digestive system, for example, in diseases such as gastritis or pancreatitis. There are also cases when the center of salivation is affected. In addition, excessive salivation occurs when certain peripheral nerves that innervate the salivary glands or their branches are damaged. Saliva can be secreted in excess and with helminthic invasion, ”notes otorhinolaryngologist Kulikova.

It happens that the amount of saliva is normal, but swallowing is disturbed. In this case, experts talk about false hypersalivation. “This situation may arise due to a violation of the innervation of the muscles involved in the act of swallowing, or their primary lesion,” the specialist notes.

What to do?

If a person is faced with the problem of increased salivation, especially at night, do not wait and hope that this is just a one-time action.

“A patient with a complaint of excessive salivation should first of all contact a therapist, and if the child has increased salivation, a pediatrician. The doctor will conduct a clinical and minimal laboratory and instrumental examination and determine why hypersalivation could have occurred. If necessary, the general practitioner will refer the patient to a narrow specialist – depending on the reason, this may be an otorhinolaryngologist, dentist, gastroenterologist, neurologist or a doctor of another specialty,” Elena Kulikova sums up.

Various therapies are used to correct a person’s condition. So, help can be provided even at the initial stage, even while there is no diagnosis. First, change your posture while sleeping – choose options on your back. To avoid irritation of the skin around the mouth, it should be treated with creams – preference can be given to moisturizing and nourishing. Correction of the diet also helps to reduce the amount of saliva production – it is worth abandoning the use of soda, sweets and broths.

Depending on what causes hypersalivation, the treatment is determined. For example, a neurologist can prescribe it if the problem is in his area. All drugs should be prescribed exclusively by a doctor and only according to indications and the clinical picture. It happens that they can resort to surgical intervention, if there are indications for this.

You can take care of prevention, which includes the prevention of the development of diseases, timely medical examination and the same timely visit to the doctor when warning signs appear.

disease prevention treatment of diseases salivation

Next article

You may also be interested in

• Spring and children. How to protect a child from SARS?

• Understand the symbols. How to correctly decipher an oncodiagnosis?

• Hundreds of diagnosticians in the palm of your hand.

Cornstarch for Diaper Rash | Learn About Using Cornstarch to Treat Diaper Rash

Babies and young children often get diaper rash, which irritates their skin. This is because their skin is exposed to urine, feces, and water for too long. There are many ways to treat diaper rash, but some parents have found that cornstarch could help. Many parents cling to this old-fashioned cornstarch treatment, but is it a good idea? 

Is Cornstarch Good for Diaper Rash?

 

Cornstarch seems inexpensive and harmless—but is cornstarch good for diaper rash? Can newborns safely use cornstarch for diaper rash? Here, we will dive into the pros and cons of using cornstarch for diaper rash, and recommend some safer alternatives for treating this condition.

 

The Pros of Using Cornstarch for Diaper Rash

Cornstarch is like a cloud of magic fairy dust for soothing babies’ bottoms. It’s been around for donkey’s years and is easy on the pocket. Here’s why:

Baby’s Sensitive Skin Needs TLC 

Cornstarch is a gentle organic substance that won’t hurt your baby’s skin. You don’t want harsh chemicals on your little angel’s bottom, do you? Cornstarch won’t cause any irritation or dryness, which is a massive relief for newborns with delicate skin.

Bye-Bye Moisture 

We all know that moisture causes diaper rash, but did you know cornstarch can soak up the extra moisture around your baby’s nether regions? It helps keep that area dry, so nasty bacteria can’t grow, and the baby doesn’t get red and sore. 

No More Friction 

Nobody likes a chafed bum! Cornstarch acts as a shield between your little one’s skin and the diaper, so there’s less rubbing and more comfort. It’s like putting on a pair of fluffy socks in winter.

It’s Soothing 

Sore skin can make your little one cry and cry; but cornstarch can help soothe the skin and lessen inflammation and pain. It feels refreshingly cool on a hot day!

Easy To Apply

Applying cornstarch is a piece of cake. All you need to do is clean your baby’s bum with warm water and soap, dry it gently, and sprinkle some cornstarch on the rash and surrounding skin. Then, massage it in until it disappears. Repeat with each diaper change.

Cornstarch is a super-duper natural treatment for diaper rash—gentle, moisture-absorbing, friction-reducing, soothing, and easy to apply. No more yucky bottoms for your little one!

 

The Cons of Using Cornstarch for Diaper Rash

Cornstarch is like the wonder drug for diaper rash in babies. It’s natural and doesn’t cost much, so parents can breathe a sigh of relief. However, there are some drawbacks that you need to know about before using it. Let’s dive into the cons of cornstarch for diaper rash:

Breathing Issues

Cornstarch is powdery and lightweight, so it can get airborne easily. This can be bad news for babies with respiratory problems or allergies, as it can cause breathing difficulties.

Infection Risk

If you don’t apply cornstarch the right way, it can get trapped in baby’s skin folds and make the perfect environment for fungi and bacteria to flourish. This could increase the risk of infection and worsen the diaper rash.

Risk of Eating It

Babies want to eat anything, and if they accidentally eat cornstarch, it could lead to digestive issues or even choking.

Not Effective for All Types of Diaper Rash

Although cornstarch can absorb moisture and reduce friction, it may not be effective for all types of diaper rash. If a bacterial or fungal infection causes the rash, cornstarch may not be able to cure it.

So, there you have it, folks! Cornstarch is a good option, but it has its risks. Be sure to talk to your pediatrician to determine if cornstarch is the right choice for your little one.

 

Safer Alternatives for Treating Diaper Rash

Parents have often turned to cornstarch as a natural remedy for diaper rash, but it’s essential to recognize the potential risks involved with its usage. As a result, wise parents may prefer to explore safer alternatives before considering cornstarch as a treatment option. Fortunately, there are several safe and effective options available that can provide relief, including petroleum jelly, zinc oxide, coconut oil, aloe vera, oatmeal, and calendula.

 

Cloth Diapers

 

Let’s talk about how using cloth diapers can help prevent diaper rash. Here’s the deal: Cloth diapers are made of breathable materials, so there’s less moisture buildup and bacteria that can lead to a painful rash on your little one’s bum. Plus, many cloth diapers are crafted from natural fibers like cotton or bamboo, which are super soft and easy on baby’s delicate skin. Unlike disposable diapers, cloth diapers don’t have all those harsh chemicals and fragrances that can cause even more irritation. So, when it comes to keeping your baby’s tush dry, clean, and happy, cloth diapers are the way to go! Just make sure that if you still need a little diaper rash support, you use a diaper cream for cloth diapers.

Petroleum Jelly

Petroleum jelly is a non-toxic, hypoallergenic, and odorless ointment that forms a protective barrier on the skin. Its emollient properties help to keep the diaper area moisturized and reduce friction, thus aiding in healing and preventing further irritation. 

Zinc Oxide

Zinc oxide is a mineral-based cream that has the potential to alleviate inflammation and facilitate healing. It provides a soothing effect on the skin, making it an excellent option for treating diaper rash. Additionally, it is gentle on sensitive skin, contains no harmful chemicals.

Coconut Oil

Coconut oil is a natural and safe remedy that has moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps in soothing and protecting irritated skin, and is a gentle and effective alternative for babies with sensitive skin.

Aloe Vera

Aloe vera, a natural plant-based remedy, can reduce inflammation and soothe the skin. Its antibacterial and antifungal abilities also prevent infection, making it a useful treatment option for diaper rash. 

Oatmeal

Oatmeal is another safe and natural remedy that can reduce inflammation and soothe the skin. It can be used as a paste or added to a bath for relief from diaper rash. It provides a soothing feel on the skin and has no harmful side effects.

Calendula

Calendula, a natural plant-based remedy, has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. It reduces inflammation and promotes healing while preventing infection. Calendula is gentle on sensitive skin and contains no harmful chemicals. It is also a very good option for cloth diapers, especially the popular all in two cloth diapers. 

By exploring safe and effective alternatives such as petroleum jelly, zinc oxide, coconut oil, aloe vera, oatmeal, and calendula, parents can find the best solution for their baby’s sensitive skin.  

 

Conclusions on Cornstarch for Diaper Rash      

In conclusion, while cornstarch may work for some babies, it is not the best option for treating diaper rash, due to its potential risks. Safer alternatives such as cloth diapers, diaper creams, and natural remedies are available and can effectively treat diaper rash without any harmful side effects. To avoid diaper rash, keep your baby’s diaper area fresh, and clean and change their diapers frequently. By taking good care of your baby’s skin, you can keep them comfortable and healthy. 

Helping Parents Treat Diaper Rash

US Pharm. 2012;37(3):12-15.

Diaper rash is a multi-factorial condition that is
extremely uncomfortable for the infant and can cause a great deal of
anxiety for parents. To further compound the problem, while true diaper
rash (also known as irritant diaper dermatitis) is fairly simple
to recognize and treat, diapers can worsen such dermatologic disorders
as seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis.

Manifestations of Diaper Rash

Diaper rash generally presents as a bright red irritation on the scrotum and penis in boys and on the labia and vagina in girls.¹
It includes a wide range of dermatoses, such as scaling, blistering,
ulcers, large bumps, pimples, or purulent sores. Children who are able
to do so may scratch the area during diaper changes. If the area
exhibits a beefy-red appearance, if there are small red bumps at the
outer edges of the affected area, or if the child cries violently when
urine touches the skin, candidal colonization is likely and a physician
referral is mandatory.^2,3

Safe Treatment of Diaper Rash

Obviously, infants are very vulnerable to dangerous
chemicals applied to the skin. This is especially true considering that
the diaper is an occlusive dressing, enhancing absorption of any
topically applied, pharmacologically active ingredient. Additionally,
the skin of the infant with diaper rash is often damaged or broken,
further increasing the extent of absorption. For this reason, only the
safest and most thoroughly investigated ingredients have been approved
as protectants. Some protectants are chemically inert, but all cover and
protect skin surfaces. They provide a mechanical barrier to exclude
irritants, exclude or remove wetness, and protect skin that contacts
opposing skin (intertriginous skin).²

The FDA’s general instructions for skin protectant
products include advice to discontinue their use and seek physician care
if symptoms persist for more than 7 days, and to change wet and soiled
diapers promptly, cleansing the diaper area and allowing it to dry.²
Another reliable federal Web site recommends seeking physician care if
the area worsens or is not completely healed in 2 to 3 days, a safer
time limit.¹ Parents are also advised to apply the ointment,
cream, or powder liberally as often as necessary, with each diaper
change, and especially at bedtime or anytime when exposure to wet
diapers may be prolonged. For powder products, parents are further
instructed to apply powder close to the body but away from the child’s
face, and to carefully shake the powder into the diaper or into the hand
and apply to the diaper area.

Specific Protectant Ingredients

If the infant’s skin is broken, the parent should be advised to see a physician.²
However, if the irritation is limited to inflammation, protectants are
safe and effective. Allantoin (0.5%-2%), calamine (1%-25%), dimethicone
(1%-30%), and kaolin (4%-20%) are all safe protectants.² Cod
liver oil (5%-13.56%) is also safe and effective, but it has an
unpleasant smell, so it is combined with other ingredients to prevent
this odor. Lanolin 15.5% is safe and effective, but it should be avoided
as it is a contact sensitizer.^2,4 Products containing
lanolin include A+D Original Ointment, Weleda Baby Calendula Baby Cream,
Belli Baby Protect Me Diaper Rash Cream, and Grandma El’s Diaper Rash
Remedy & Prevention.

Mineral oil (50%-100%) is a safe and effective emollient
protectant for diaper rash. It is water-insoluble, giving it a barrier
effect. However, it remains on the skin indefinitely until physically
removed, and may build up on the skin if not periodically cleansed away.²
Since the FDA directs the caregiver to cleanse the diaper area with
each diaper change, mineral oil should not accumulate. However, if
patients fail to cleanse the baby properly, it could cause chronic skin
irritation and folliculitis. It is the active ingredient in Johnson’s
Baby Oil.
 

Zinc oxide (25%-40%) pastes and ointments are safe and
effective for diaper rash, but in higher concentration they are
difficult to remove from the baby’s skin due to their thick and adherent
nature. It is the major active ingredient in such products as Desitin
Paste Maximum Strength (40% zinc oxide) and A+D Diaper Rash Cream (10%).

Petrolatum (30%-100%) is the ideal diaper rash protectant.
It is virtually nonallergenic, lacks an unpleasant odor, is easily
removed from the skin, and is effective as a single ingredient without
the potential for folliculitis or irritation. ² It is the single active ingredient in Vaseline Petroleum Jelly and Vaseline Baby.

Cornstarch (10%-98%) is formulated as a powder. It is
widely believed to be a safe infant powder, but it may be hazardous. In
one such case, a 1-month-old infant was brought to an emergency room
because of poor eating habits and impaired breathing.⁵ The
physicians ordered a chest x-ray, which revealed diffuse opacification
in both lungs, with dark-blue polygon-shaped crystals visible on a
Gram-stain. The crystals were eventually demonstrated to be cornstarch.
The mother admitted that she used cornstarch powder during diaper
changes. The physicians diagnosed cornstarch pneumonitis, cautioning
that the careless use of the powder could lead to accidental aspiration
with subsequent severe respiratory disease.

Another concern about cornstarch is that it may serve as a culture medium for Candida albicans.⁶
Because of this, the pharmacist should recommend against the use of
cornstarch. Products containing cornstarch include Johnson’s Baby Pure
Cornstarch with Magnolia Petals. The magnolia petals in this product are
not approved for use as protectants. The National Institutes of Health
(NIH) recommends against use of cornstarch at any time as it can worsen a
diaper rash with candidal infection.¹

Talc (45%-100%) was once thought to be safe and effective
as an absorbent in preventing and treating diaper rash, but it can be
dangerous in the form of talcum powder if not used appropriately and
must never be recommended.¹ Products containing talcum powder
include Johnson’s Baby Powder. Talcum powder presents respiratory and
dermatologic risks to the baby. Accidental inhalation can be deadly, a
fact of which at least 42% of mothers (of infants under the age of 2
years) are completely unaware.^7,8 In one study of episodes of
inhalation of talcum powder, 55% of the victims were under 1 year of
age, and 41% were in their second year.^7,8

In some of the worst cases cited by the FDA, one child
developed aspiration pneumonia, and another required several days on a
respirator. ⁸ In an atypical case, a 3-year-old sibling poured
talcum powder into the mouth and nose of a 1-month-old, who required
resuscitation for cardiopulmonary arrest, but did survive. Another child
of 22 months played with talcum powder, inhaling sufficient dust to
produce respiratory distress and perioral cyanosis. After 20 hours of
care, he expired of intractable cardiopulmonary failure.⁸

This issue was of such great concern to the FDA that a
public meeting was held in 1994 to discuss the safe use of talcum powder
in consumer products.⁹ Of special interest was a study by
the National Toxicology Program that exposed rodents to talcum powder,
finding that there was a risk of chronic pulmonary damage and death. The
FDA requires a mandatory warning on products containing talcum powder
to help minimize the danger of aspiration: “Keep powder away from
child’s face to avoid inhalation, which can cause breathing problems.”⁸

Talcum powder presents dermatologic dangers to infants. If
it is applied to broken skin, talcum powder can cause crusting,
infection, and skin granulomas. For this reason, products containing
talcum powder must carry the warning, “Do not use on broken skin.”
Diaper dermatitis treated only with powders may not resolve adequately.
In one such case, a 6-month-old infant with mild diaper dermatitis
treated only with powders developed granulomatous tissue on the
buttocks, perhaps as a result of the use of dusting powders.¹⁰

The pharmacist should advise against use of talcum powder
as a skin protectant because of its dermatologic and respiratory
dangers, as recommended by the NIH.¹ If parents purchase the
product in spite of this advice, they should be cautioned to take care
in application as warned by the FDA, but the parent or caregiver should
further be cautioned to keep the products stored away from children,
much as poisons are stored. These precautions apply specifically to
talcum powder, but can be generalized to the use of all powders in
infants, regardless of the ingredients.

Unknown Ingredients in Diaper Rash Products

Diaper rash products are available under a large number of
well-known brands (e.g., Vaseline, Desitin, A+D, Johnson’s), but also
as a host of strangely named, obscure products.¹¹ Some of the
former and many of the latter load their products with ingredients of
unknown safety and efficacy for diaper rash. They often include multiple
plant-derived ingredients, which could be allergenic or toxic if
absorbed. It is advisable to avoid these overloaded formulations in
favor of those containing a single safe and effective protectant (e.g.,
petrolatum).

Boric acid is known to present dangers to babies, but it is included in such products as Boudreaux’s Butt Paste.²
Nonfat dry milk and goat’s milk are inexplicably included in such
products as The First Years Bottom Care Diaper Rash Relief System and
Canus Li’l Goat’s Milk Ointment. Tea tree oil is found in Bum Boosa
Bamboo Diaper Rash Ointment and California Baby Non-Burning &
Calming Diaper Area Wash. Although they also contain zinc oxide,
miscellaneous plant ingredients are found in Aveeno Baby Soothing Relief
Diaper Rash Cream, Aveeno Baby Organic Harvest Diaper Rash Cream,
Balmex Diaper Rash Cream, and Puristics Baby Zinc Oxide Diaper Rash
Cream.¹¹

Some parents may ask about the use of topical antifungals
for diaper rash. It is true that broken skin under the diaper is often
colonized with Candida, but a physician appointment is mandatory.²
Currently available nonprescription antifungals are only indicated for
fungal conditions such as tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis.
Their efficacy on Candida is unknown.

PATIENT INFORMATION

Choosing the Right Type of Diaper

Diaper rash can cause a great deal of discomfort for the
baby. Since the goal is to keep the skin dry, parents should choose
diapers that are labeled as superabsorbent or ultra-absorbent. These
prevent diaper rash better than older, regular absorbency diapers. Some
parents prefer cloth diapers for reasons of economics, sanitation, or
conservation, but disposables are far better than reusable cloth diapers
in preventing diaper rash. If cloth diapers are used, they should never
be covered by plastic pants, since the plastic keeps moisture trapped
inside the diaper and makes diaper rash more likely.

During an active case of diaper rash, the skin is very
sensitive. Most commercial diaper wipes should be avoided during this
time, as these products may contain chemicals that irritate the skin
affected by the rash. Immediate cleaning of the area with mild soap is
the safest alternative.

Skin Protectants

Skin protectants are the safest ingredients for treating
diaper rash. These include such ingredients as allantoin, calamine, cod
liver oil, dimethicone, kaolin, lanolin, mineral oil, petrolatum, talc,
topical starch (also known as cornstarch), white petrolatum, and
zinc oxide. However, some of these are better than others. Petrolatum
(e.g., Vaseline) is an excellent choice.

Powders containing kaolin, cornstarch, or talc can cause
problems if the baby’s skin is broken or wounded and should be avoided.
If you choose to use them anyway, keep any powder diaper rash product
well away from the child’s face while you are putting it on your hands
or applying it to the baby’s bottom. If you allow the powder to get into
the air, the baby will inhale it while breathing, potentially producing
chemical pneumonia that can lead to permanent breathing problems or
death.

The best way to apply powders is to go to a location away
from the baby. Place the container close to your body and away from your
face. Gently shake a small amount of powder onto a hand. When the
powder has settled, approach the baby and apply it to the diaper area.
Never let an older sibling play with the powders either by themselves or
around the baby for the same reasons.

Products to Avoid

Some chemicals should never be used on the baby. Do not
use homemade preparations such as baking soda since their safety would
be questionable. Any product containing boric acid or borax is unsafe
and must be avoided. Chemicals such as aloe vera, benzyl alcohol, castor
seed, Peruvian balsam, nonfat dry milk, arnica, borage, thymol,
calendula, rose hip oil, and tea tree oil are not FDA-approved
protectants. Some may be listed as inactive ingredients, but could still
cause allergic reactions or other problems. Antibiotic ointments
containing such ingredients as neomycin, polymyxin, or bacitracin should
not be used for diaper rash. Hydrocortisone products should not be used
without a physician recommendation. You should not use any antifungal
or anticandidal products on diaper rash.

Remember, if you have questions, Consult Your Pharmacist.

REFERENCES

1. Diaper rash. MedlinePlus. www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000964.htm. Accessed January 30, 2012.

2. Pray WS. Nonprescription Product Therapeutics. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.

3. Rash—child under 2 years. MedlinePlus. www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003259.htm. Accessed January 30, 2012.

4. Kligman AM. Lanolin allergy: crisis or comedy. Contact Dermatitis. 1983;9:99-107.

5. Silver P, Sagy M, Rubin L. Respiratory failure from corn starch aspiration: a hazard of diaper changing. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1996;12:108-110.

6. Farrington E. Diaper dermatitis. Pediatr Nurs. 1992;18:81-82.

7. Preston SL, Bryant BG. Etiology and treatment of diaper dermatitis. Hosp Pharm. 1994;29:1086-1088,1097.

8. Skin protectant drug products for over-the-counter human use; proposed rulemaking for diaper rash drug products. Fed Regist. 1990;55:25204-25232.

9. Talc; consumer uses and health perspectives; public meetings. Fed Regist. 1994;59:2319.

10. Konya J, Gow E. Granuloma gluteale infantum. Australas J Dermatol. 1996;37:57-58.

11. Diaper rash products. www.drugstore.com. Accessed February 7, 2012.

12. Semiz S, Balci YI, Ergin S, et al. Two cases of Cushing’s syndrome due to overuse of topical steroid in the diaper area. Pediatr Dermatol. 2008;25:544-547.

13. Tempark T, Phatarakijnirund V, Chatproedprai S, et al.
Exogenous Cushing’s syndrome due to topical corticosteroid application:
case report and review literature. Endocrine. 2010;38:328-334.

To comment on this article, contact [email protected].

Diaper rash in a child | How to prevent and alleviate | | Mom’s Happiness

12/19/2022

Very often, ointments and creams for diaper rash do not give the desired result. In this article, we have collected useful tips from experienced parents on dealing with diaper rash.

Cornstarch

Cornstarch is excellent for diaper rash. It helps dry out the rash, which then allows it to start to fade.

You can also make a paste of corn starch by simply adding water and applying it to your skin. The paste creates an excellent barrier to protect the skin between diaper changes.

Baking Soda Bath

Baking soda has amazing healing properties and is used to treat all kinds of skin irritations.

Baking soda baths are a great way to soothe irritated skin. Add about one cup of baking soda to your child’s bath.

If possible, do not use bath products or any other soap. They only further irritate the skin.

Let your child lie down and play in the baking soda bath for about 10-15 minutes, and be sure to pat the skin dry when finished.

Epsom salt bath

Add about one cup of Epsom salts to your child’s bath and let him soak in it. Salt helps reduce soreness and dry out the rash.

Oatmeal Bath

Oatmeal helps cleanse the skin and is a great addition to a bath instead of regular soaps and detergents.

To prepare the bath place oatmeal in cheesecloth and pour hot water over it . Let it brew and pour the resulting infusion into a bath for bathing.

You can also add a small amount of Oatmeal directly into the bath.

Unrefined Coconut Oil

Helps fight irritation, smells great, soothes, and is a great, natural, chemical-free treatment. It is easy to apply and usually eliminates standard to severe diaper rash in a few applications .

Lanolin

It is used by nursing mothers to treat irritated or cracked nipples. What makes lanolin an excellent remedy for diaper rash is that it is specifically designed to be applied to irritated and chapped skin.

Many other store-bought creams should only be applied with as a barrier to healthy, intact skin as they may burn or further irritate.

If the rash does not go away with any of the above treatments, see your doctor.

What looks like diaper rash is sometimes something more serious. Yeast infections, for example, are often mistaken for diaper rash in babies.

Other tips:

• DO NOT use baby wipes – they can burn the skin and spread bacteria, which in turn will cause a rash.
• Leave baby without a diaper as much as possible more often – diaper rash appears in dark, damp places. By leaving your baby without a diaper, you are depriving the diaper rash of the environment necessary for the development of a rash. The air is also very soothing to inflamed skin.
• DO give your child plenty of fluids, especially water – urine becomes less concentrated and less irritating to the skin. Juices can be given, but in small quantities. The sugar from the juice can make the urine more irritating and make the rash worse.
• DO NOT use nursery baby powder – baby powder is made from talcum powder. These very small particles are too easily inhaled and can cause breathing problems and lung problems. Cornstarch baby powder is a safer alternative, but regular cornstarch works wonders!
• BE SURE to pat baby dry – Any rubbing or rubbing will cause pain, further irritation, and even spread of the rash. Also make sure the baby is 100% dry before applying any creams or ointments. If you apply the ointment to damp skin, it will trap moisture and worsen the rash.

Share on social networks

daily care. But it is necessary to take care of children’s skin especially carefully in the summer, when hot weather and an abundance of sunlight can lead to unpleasant problems. And one of the most frequent seasonal troubles in babies of the first years of life is prickly heat.

What is it and why does it occur?

Due to the imperfection of the thermoregulation system, babies quickly overheat in the heat and begin to sweat profusely. This leads to the fact that the sweat glands suffer from an increased load, and the skin develops irritation and rashes due to prolonged contact with slowly evaporating sweat. By itself, prickly heat is not dangerous and in most cases does not bother the baby, but it is undesirable to leave its appearance unattended, because. constant irritation and increased moisture of the skin create optimal conditions for the development of bacterial conditions that in children of the first years of life arise very easily and can spread quickly.

The main thing that is required when caring for a child in case of prickly heat is to ensure a more favorable temperature regime (do not overheat, do not dress too warmly) and careful hygiene, with bathing or wiping the skin at least 3 times a day. In order to speed up the disappearance of the rash with prickly heat, you can use external medicines that have drying, antiseptic or astringent effects. But without a doctor’s prescription, this can only be recommended if the child does not have any contraindications, in the first place – a tendency to allergic reactions and atopic dermatitis!

Powders and powders

The most famous remedy for preventing diaper rash and prickly heat in babies is, of course, ordinary baby powders – based on talc, corn or rice starch. They allow you to remove excess moisture from baby skin and reduce mechanical irritation at the points of contact with the diaper or clothing folds. Today, baby powders are produced not only in the form of a traditional powder, but also in a “liquid” form, which is more evenly applied to the skin, dries instantly and forms the thinnest protective layer.

For the prevention of prickly heat and skin care in case of a rash, it is better to give preference to products based on mineral talc – without the addition of oils and other fatty components, or choose a powder that additionally includes zinc (it has a drying and slight anti-inflammatory effect). Powders with dry extracts of medicinal plants – chamomile, calendula, lavender – have also proven themselves well.

Baths and rubdowns

Regular use of baths and rubdowns with extracts of medicinal plants and a weak solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) gives a good disinfecting and soothing effect.

Extracts of medicinal plants – string, chamomile, calendula, yarrow – have anti-inflammatory and soothing effects, but because their effect does not develop immediately, it is desirable to start using at the first signs of prickly heat. And of course, all medicinal plants that are taken to prepare decoctions added to the bath should be purchased only at a pharmacy.

Anti-inflammatory and wound-healing

In most cases, the hygiene and care practices described above are sufficient to eliminate the symptoms of miliaria. If the rash is very pronounced, one of the external preparations of dexpanthenol (Panthenol, Bepanthen, D-Panthenol, Pantoderm, etc.) in the form of an aerosol, cream or emulsion can be recommended. Such products have a well-established anti-inflammatory effect and accelerate the processes of skin regeneration in case of microdamages and irritation.

Miramistin solution can be used as an antiseptic to prevent inflammation and bacterial infections.

As a drying, astringent and antiseptic agent, external preparations containing zinc oxide are traditionally recommended – Diaderm, Desitin, Tsindol, Zinc ointment, etc. Zinc oxide eliminates inflammation and irritation, has an adsorbing effect and protects the skin from the influence of aggressive factors.

But the most important thing that parents of a small child should not forget is that if, following all the recommendations, the manifestations of prickly heat do not decrease within 4-5 days, or some new symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a doctor, because. in children, many skin problems are very similar.

Our expert

Elena Igorevna Kovernaya, Ph.D. honey. Sci., pediatrician, dermatologist of the highest qualification category of the MEDSI Children’s Clinic in Blagoveshchensky Lane.

The cause of prickly heat lies in the immaturity of the baby’s sweat glands. Therefore, the main recommendations are the rules of care: dress the baby according to the weather, take air baths, bathe with the addition of disinfectant herbs such as sage or chamomile, thoroughly dry the baby’s large folds: cervical, axillary and inguinal.

What to Look For and When to Seek Help

While it’s normal to worry, most minor head bumps aren’t a cause for concern. Know the signs you should call the pediatrician or seek emergency care.

You see baby teeter, then totter, and then — in a “Matrix”-like moment that somehow occurs both in slow motion and in the blink of an eye — they tumble. Oh, the screams. The tears. And a big goose egg that’s growing by the second.

We know how scary it can be when your precious baby bumps their head. And if you’re living this right now — icing your little one’s knot while searching for what to do next — you’re in the right place.

First, take a deep breath and try to remain calm. Most of the time, fall-related bumps to the head are minor and don’t require medical attention.

In fact, this 2015 study concluded that fall-related head injuries in young children don’t usually cause serious harm.

At the same time, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that falls are the leading cause of traumatic brain injury-related emergency department visits up in children up to age 4. Keep in mind that this is rare.

So in the rarer case, there are a few cues that should alert you to seek emergency medical help.

First, some reassuring stats: According to one study on short falls in young children, only about 2 to 3 percent of falls lead to a simple linear skull fracture, and most of these don’t cause neurological problems. Only about 1 percent of skull fractures related to accidental falls cause moderate to severe brain injury.

That said, it’s still important to be aware of the symptoms of a traumatic brain injury, including concussions, which usually present within 24 to 48 hours of the accident.

If your baby is showing any of these symptoms after experiencing an injury to their head, call 911 or take them to the nearest emergency room immediately:

• uncontrolled bleeding from a cut
• a dent or bulging soft spot on the skull
• excessive bruising and/or swelling
• vomiting more than once
• unusual sleepiness and/or difficulty staying alert
• loss of consciousness or not responding to voice/touch
• blood or fluid draining from the nose or ears
• a seizure
• a suspected neck/spinal cord injury
• trouble breathing

Accidental bumps to the head are one of the most common injuries among infants and toddlers. But this fact alone might not stop you from continuously replaying the scene in your head while thinking about how you would rewrite the ending.

But a fall-related knock to the noggin is often largely due to a baby’s physical stature and development — not your parenting. Babies’ heads are often proportionally larger than their bodies, making it easier for them to lose their balance.

In addition, babies’ physical strength and abilities are constantly changing, which affects their stability and coordination. The same adorable wobbly walk could put them in harm’s way when encountering a new, uneven surface or a fun object to run toward.

This, coupled with a baby’s tendency to engage in more daredevil acts that have them climbing, jumping, or trying to fly just for the thrill, can be the perfect equation for a nasty plunge. In fact, babies are notorious for these common head injury culprits:

• slipping in the tub
• falling backwards
• falling off a bed or changing table
• falling after climbing on furniture or up on countertops
• falling in or out of the crib
• tripping over rugs or objects on the floor
• falling down steps or stairs
• falling while using an infant walker (one of the reasons why such walkers are considered unsafe)
• falling from playground swing sets

The height from which a baby falls is correlated to the severity of injury, so if your child fell from a higher distance (such as from a crib or countertop) they’re at a greater risk of serious injury.

The term “head injury” encompasses the entire range of injuries, from a small forehead lump to a traumatic brain injury. Most short fall-related injuries among babies fall under the “mild” category.

Mild head injuries

Mild head injuries are considered closed, meaning they don’t involve any skull fractures or underlying brain injury. In these cases, swelling and a large “bump” or bruise on the skin may appear without any further symptoms.

If your baby’s fall resulted in a cut or laceration, there may be significant bleeding that requires medical attention to clean and suture the wound, even if there’s no brain or skull injury.

After a bump to the head, babies can experience a headache and discomfort. However, at this age, it’s difficult for them to communicate this feeling. It might surface as increased fussiness or difficulty sleeping.

Moderate to severe head injuries

Moderate to severe brain injuries represent the minority of those related to infant falls. They can involve:

• skull fractures
• contusions (when the brain is bruised)
• concussions (when the brain is shaken)
• bleeding in the brain or around the layers surrounding the brain

Concussions are the most common and least severe type of traumatic brain injury. A concussion can affect multiple brain regions, causing problems in brain function. Signs of a concussion in children can include:

• headaches
• loss of consciousness
• changes in alertness
• nausea and vomiting

While super rare, more severe injuries can involve a fracture of the skull, which can put pressure on the brain and also cause swelling, bruising, or bleeding around or inside of the brain. These are the most serious circumstances that require emergency medical attention.

It’s critical that medical treatment is administered as soon as possible to reduce the potential for long-term brain damage and loss of physical and cognitive function.

In most cases, “watch and wait” (with lots of extra TLC) is the most appropriate course of action after a baby’s minor head bump.

Keep the symptoms of a more serious head injury in mind, watching for any changes in behavior or neurological deficits within 48 hours of the accident.

Other ways to care for your injured little one during the watch and wait period:

• apply ice as tolerated by your baby
• clean and bandage any minor cuts or abrasions to the skin
• check for changes/consistency in the size of your baby’s pupils
• monitor your baby while they’re sleeping during naps and at night
• call your baby’s pediatrician for guidance if you’re concerned

When to call your child’s pediatrician

You know your baby best, so if you’re even remotely worried, don’t hesitate to call your child’s pediatrician for expert advice on what to do next. They might want to evaluate your baby out of precaution and to document the injury for their medical record.

To evaluate for a head injury, the pediatrician or emergency room doctor will likely ask you about how the injury occurred, what your baby was doing before the injury, and what symptoms your baby experienced after the injury.

They might also do a series of neurological exams — looking at your baby’s eyes and responses to voice and touch — and a general physical exam, too.

If something in this exam triggers concern of a serious brain injury, the doctor may order an imaging test such as a CT scan. CT scans are usually only performed when there’s evidence of a severe brain injury.

Although rare, the doctor may advise you to go to the nearest emergency room for more immediate evaluation, diagnosis, or critical care. Or, they may want to observe your baby for a few hours during a medically supervised “watch and wait” period.

Treatment for head injuries depend on the severity. In mild cases, ice, rest, and extra cuddles are the best medicine. (Not a bad treatment for adult head bumps, either. )

After a concussion, frequent monitoring might be advised by your baby’s pediatrician, as well as activity restrictions.

For more serious injuries, it’s important to follow a doctor’s direction. Usually, only severe traumatic head injuries require critical hospital-based intervention that can include medical and surgical treatments as well as physical therapy.

Most minor bumps to the head in young children don’t pose any risk of long-term complications, thank goodness.

But there is a body of research that does bring to light long-term concerns with even minor traumatic brain injuries. A 2016 study that followed a Swedish cohort concluded a possible correlation between a traumatic brain injury (including mild concussions) in childhood with an increased risk for mental health problems, disability, and even mortality into adulthood. As you may expect, children with multiple head injuries had even greater long-term risks.

The American Academy of Pediatrics echoes this with research presented at its 2018 national conference. In the study of children diagnosed with a traumatic brain injury from mild to severe, 39 percent developed neuropsychiatric symptoms up to 5 years after the injury, such as headache, mental disorder, intellectual disability, depression/anxiety, seizure, or brain damage.

This message is empowering to help prevent more serious accidental falls that could affect your little one’s health, growth, and development.

While a minor head bump is bound to happen from time to time, here are a few tips to help keep your baby out of harm’s way.

• Install and secure baby gates on the top and bottom of stairs.
• Watch for wet areas on hard floors (especially around pool and bath surfaces).
• Install non-skid mats in the bathtub and rugs on the bathroom floor.
• Firmly secure furniture to walls.
• Keep young children away from dangerous things to climb.
• Don’t sit or leave your baby up on countertops.
• Avoid using infant walkers with wheels.
• Remove tripping hazards.
• Be cautious at playgrounds that don’t have softer surfaces.

There’s no doubt about it — when your baby takes a tumble, their tears can equal fears and tears of your own. It’s normal to worry, but rest assured that most minor bumps to the head don’t cause a serious brain injury or require emergency medical attention.

However, there are rare instances where a more serious traumatic brain injury can result. In this case, know the symptoms to watch for and always call your child’s pediatrician or seek emergency medical care if you feel it’s necessary.

Read this article in Spanish.

What to Look For and When to Seek Help

While it’s normal to worry, most minor head bumps aren’t a cause for concern. Know the signs you should call the pediatrician or seek emergency care.

You see baby teeter, then totter, and then — in a “Matrix”-like moment that somehow occurs both in slow motion and in the blink of an eye — they tumble. Oh, the screams. The tears. And a big goose egg that’s growing by the second.

We know how scary it can be when your precious baby bumps their head. And if you’re living this right now — icing your little one’s knot while searching for what to do next — you’re in the right place.

First, take a deep breath and try to remain calm. Most of the time, fall-related bumps to the head are minor and don’t require medical attention.

In fact, this 2015 study concluded that fall-related head injuries in young children don’t usually cause serious harm.

At the same time, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that falls are the leading cause of traumatic brain injury-related emergency department visits up in children up to age 4. Keep in mind that this is rare.

So in the rarer case, there are a few cues that should alert you to seek emergency medical help.

First, some reassuring stats: According to one study on short falls in young children, only about 2 to 3 percent of falls lead to a simple linear skull fracture, and most of these don’t cause neurological problems. Only about 1 percent of skull fractures related to accidental falls cause moderate to severe brain injury.

That said, it’s still important to be aware of the symptoms of a traumatic brain injury, including concussions, which usually present within 24 to 48 hours of the accident.

If your baby is showing any of these symptoms after experiencing an injury to their head, call 911 or take them to the nearest emergency room immediately:

• uncontrolled bleeding from a cut
• a dent or bulging soft spot on the skull
• excessive bruising and/or swelling
• vomiting more than once
• unusual sleepiness and/or difficulty staying alert
• loss of consciousness or not responding to voice/touch
• blood or fluid draining from the nose or ears
• a seizure
• a suspected neck/spinal cord injury
• trouble breathing

Accidental bumps to the head are one of the most common injuries among infants and toddlers. But this fact alone might not stop you from continuously replaying the scene in your head while thinking about how you would rewrite the ending.

But a fall-related knock to the noggin is often largely due to a baby’s physical stature and development — not your parenting. Babies’ heads are often proportionally larger than their bodies, making it easier for them to lose their balance.

In addition, babies’ physical strength and abilities are constantly changing, which affects their stability and coordination. The same adorable wobbly walk could put them in harm’s way when encountering a new, uneven surface or a fun object to run toward.

This, coupled with a baby’s tendency to engage in more daredevil acts that have them climbing, jumping, or trying to fly just for the thrill, can be the perfect equation for a nasty plunge. In fact, babies are notorious for these common head injury culprits:

• slipping in the tub
• falling backwards
• falling off a bed or changing table
• falling after climbing on furniture or up on countertops
• falling in or out of the crib
• tripping over rugs or objects on the floor
• falling down steps or stairs
• falling while using an infant walker (one of the reasons why such walkers are considered unsafe)
• falling from playground swing sets

The height from which a baby falls is correlated to the severity of injury, so if your child fell from a higher distance (such as from a crib or countertop) they’re at a greater risk of serious injury.

The term “head injury” encompasses the entire range of injuries, from a small forehead lump to a traumatic brain injury. Most short fall-related injuries among babies fall under the “mild” category.

Mild head injuries

Mild head injuries are considered closed, meaning they don’t involve any skull fractures or underlying brain injury. In these cases, swelling and a large “bump” or bruise on the skin may appear without any further symptoms.

If your baby’s fall resulted in a cut or laceration, there may be significant bleeding that requires medical attention to clean and suture the wound, even if there’s no brain or skull injury.

After a bump to the head, babies can experience a headache and discomfort. However, at this age, it’s difficult for them to communicate this feeling. It might surface as increased fussiness or difficulty sleeping.

Moderate to severe head injuries

Moderate to severe brain injuries represent the minority of those related to infant falls. They can involve:

• skull fractures
• contusions (when the brain is bruised)
• concussions (when the brain is shaken)
• bleeding in the brain or around the layers surrounding the brain

Concussions are the most common and least severe type of traumatic brain injury. A concussion can affect multiple brain regions, causing problems in brain function. Signs of a concussion in children can include:

• headaches
• loss of consciousness
• changes in alertness
• nausea and vomiting

While super rare, more severe injuries can involve a fracture of the skull, which can put pressure on the brain and also cause swelling, bruising, or bleeding around or inside of the brain. These are the most serious circumstances that require emergency medical attention.

It’s critical that medical treatment is administered as soon as possible to reduce the potential for long-term brain damage and loss of physical and cognitive function.

In most cases, “watch and wait” (with lots of extra TLC) is the most appropriate course of action after a baby’s minor head bump.

Keep the symptoms of a more serious head injury in mind, watching for any changes in behavior or neurological deficits within 48 hours of the accident.

Other ways to care for your injured little one during the watch and wait period:

• apply ice as tolerated by your baby
• clean and bandage any minor cuts or abrasions to the skin
• check for changes/consistency in the size of your baby’s pupils
• monitor your baby while they’re sleeping during naps and at night
• call your baby’s pediatrician for guidance if you’re concerned

When to call your child’s pediatrician

You know your baby best, so if you’re even remotely worried, don’t hesitate to call your child’s pediatrician for expert advice on what to do next. They might want to evaluate your baby out of precaution and to document the injury for their medical record.

To evaluate for a head injury, the pediatrician or emergency room doctor will likely ask you about how the injury occurred, what your baby was doing before the injury, and what symptoms your baby experienced after the injury.

They might also do a series of neurological exams — looking at your baby’s eyes and responses to voice and touch — and a general physical exam, too.

If something in this exam triggers concern of a serious brain injury, the doctor may order an imaging test such as a CT scan. CT scans are usually only performed when there’s evidence of a severe brain injury.

Although rare, the doctor may advise you to go to the nearest emergency room for more immediate evaluation, diagnosis, or critical care. Or, they may want to observe your baby for a few hours during a medically supervised “watch and wait” period.

Treatment for head injuries depend on the severity. In mild cases, ice, rest, and extra cuddles are the best medicine. (Not a bad treatment for adult head bumps, either. )

After a concussion, frequent monitoring might be advised by your baby’s pediatrician, as well as activity restrictions.

For more serious injuries, it’s important to follow a doctor’s direction. Usually, only severe traumatic head injuries require critical hospital-based intervention that can include medical and surgical treatments as well as physical therapy.

Most minor bumps to the head in young children don’t pose any risk of long-term complications, thank goodness.

But there is a body of research that does bring to light long-term concerns with even minor traumatic brain injuries. A 2016 study that followed a Swedish cohort concluded a possible correlation between a traumatic brain injury (including mild concussions) in childhood with an increased risk for mental health problems, disability, and even mortality into adulthood. As you may expect, children with multiple head injuries had even greater long-term risks.

The American Academy of Pediatrics echoes this with research presented at its 2018 national conference. In the study of children diagnosed with a traumatic brain injury from mild to severe, 39 percent developed neuropsychiatric symptoms up to 5 years after the injury, such as headache, mental disorder, intellectual disability, depression/anxiety, seizure, or brain damage.

This message is empowering to help prevent more serious accidental falls that could affect your little one’s health, growth, and development.

While a minor head bump is bound to happen from time to time, here are a few tips to help keep your baby out of harm’s way.

• Install and secure baby gates on the top and bottom of stairs.
• Watch for wet areas on hard floors (especially around pool and bath surfaces).
• Install non-skid mats in the bathtub and rugs on the bathroom floor.
• Firmly secure furniture to walls.
• Keep young children away from dangerous things to climb.
• Don’t sit or leave your baby up on countertops.
• Avoid using infant walkers with wheels.
• Remove tripping hazards.
• Be cautious at playgrounds that don’t have softer surfaces.

There’s no doubt about it — when your baby takes a tumble, their tears can equal fears and tears of your own. It’s normal to worry, but rest assured that most minor bumps to the head don’t cause a serious brain injury or require emergency medical attention.

However, there are rare instances where a more serious traumatic brain injury can result. In this case, know the symptoms to watch for and always call your child’s pediatrician or seek emergency medical care if you feel it’s necessary.

Read this article in Spanish.

The child hit his head – advice for parents

Each kid, as he grows up, exploring the world around him with interest, fills himself with a lot of bumps! And most often this happens completely unexpectedly both for the child himself and for the adult clutching his heart at that moment. The children’s skull is a fragile and vulnerable structure, especially for the first year of a baby’s life, when the fontanel has not yet closed, and the bones of the skull are easily displaced upon impact. According to statistics, about 40% of babies have fallen from a height at least once. But, fortunately, only 1.5% of cases of falling from a height led to serious health consequences.

What is the most traumatic age for a child?

3-4 months

At this age, many babies are already turning over from back to tummy and vice versa. This is a very exciting activity (after all, there is a completely different view on the stomach!) And the child can train for days on end, throwing a leg, groaning and swearing, turning over to one side or the other. And here lies the main danger!

Today you are used to the fact that your child can roll over in 1 minute, and tomorrow a baby who has eaten and is full of energy will do the same in a couple of seconds, lying on the sofa or changing table, when the mother simply turned away to take a rattle or a pacifier. And at that moment the child falls to the floor, touching it with the heaviest part of his body – his head.

Prevent falls and injuries!

1. Choose a cot or playpen with high sides.
2. From the age of 3 months, do not leave the child unattended at a height. If swaddling on a table, keep your head away from the edge.
3. When the child begins to actively roll over and crawl, it is safest to equip a play place on the floor (the best cover is a special children’s rug).
4. When you go to the doctor, don’t leave the changing table for even a minute.

1-1.5 years

At 6 months the child crawls, sits down, a little later tries to get up and most often lands back on the bottom, gets scared, but then tries again. And by the age of one, the baby is more or less firmly on its feet, taking its first steps. When learning to walk, children often lose their balance, striving to fall sideways or head first. Due to poor coordination, falling, the child cannot always put his hands forward, so it is the head that most often suffers.

An inquisitive baby, as he explores the territory, can collect bumps on hard corners, as well as objects that are easy to drop on themselves by simply pulling on the protruding edge of the tablecloth. It can be vases, mugs, books, lamps, laptops.

Prevent falls and injuries!

1. Protect your home by covering protruding corners and sharp objects with special soft pads. Place locks on doors and windows.
2. Do not leave hot tea or coffee on the table!
3. If you have a slippery floor, buy your baby special socks with pimply soles. Or lay a carpet in the nursery.
4. Be sure to fasten your child in a stroller or car seat.

7-10 years old

At this age, active socialization of children begins – school, joint walks and active games with friends, parental control weakens.

Prevent falls and injuries!

1. Be sure to wear a helmet when your child is riding a scooter, cycling, skiing, skating or rollerblading.
2. Teach your child how to fall properly while riding.

What should I do if my child has fallen?

The most important advice for adults is not to panic! Try to behave as usual, calm the crying baby and carefully inspect the site of injury. If the wound is open, bleeding, apply a sterile bandage on it and press the wound. An ice pack will help stop the bleeding faster.

Important! If the blow was strong and the child lost consciousness, do not lift it yourself, immediately call an ambulance. When falling from a height, not only the head suffers, but also the neck. Without proper transportation, this can lead to serious complications.

After giving first aid to prevent the adverse effects of a fall, you should consult a doctor.

If there is no visible head injury, observe the child for 24 hours. The following manifestations should alert you:

• Loss of consciousness
• Amnesia (blackouts)
• Vomiting
• Slurred speech
• Dizziness, headache
• Increased drowsiness, lethargy
• Irritability
• Double vision
• Bleeding from the nose or ears
• Asymmetry of the face or pupils, blurred vision

All these symptoms require immediate medical attention! Remember that even with outward well-being immediately after an injury, symptoms of concussion and brain damage can appear within 24 hours. Therefore, it is so important not to waste precious time trying to solve the problem yourself.

Children with a head injury with suspected brain injury should be examined by a neurosurgeon (or emergency care specialist) in a specialized hospital setting to exclude life-threatening intracranial hematomas.

A SPECIALIZED hospital for children with severe isolated and combined TBI is a multidisciplinary pediatric hospital with 24-hour CT, laboratory diagnostic, resuscitation, surgical, trauma and neurosurgical services.

From the clinical guidelines of the Association of Pediatric Neurosurgeons of Russia.

Diagnosis of brain injuries

• Examination of the head (wounds, hematomas, depressions of the skull bones, signs of a skull base fracture)
• Neurological examination
• Consultations of specialists according to indications: anesthesiologist-resuscitator, traumatologist, surgeon, oculist (fundus), otorhinolaryngologist
• Craniography (X-ray) in 2 projections
• Neuroimaging: CT, MRI
• Instrumental examination of internal organs according to indications
• Cerebrospinal fluid examination
• Complete blood count, biochemical blood test
• Blood typing and Rh factor

If you need to quickly make an MRI of the brain, you can use the services of a special aggregator for recording MRI and CT scans. The service database includes many modern medical centers, which are sorted by proximity to the house, price and range of services provided. Specially trained call center staff will help resolve all issues – quickly and efficiently select a clinic for MRI or CT for a specific request (for example, find the cheapest option closer to home, find out if it provides the right service).

If no brain damage is found after a doctor’s visit and examination and the child feels well, the parents are allowed to go home, but they are advised to continue monitoring the child’s condition. This is due to the fact that some head injuries are very insidious and their consequences do not appear immediately. If you notice that the child began to feel nauseous or motion sick on the 3rd or 4th day after the injury, this is an occasion to consult a doctor again.

---

May 11, 2022

38878

We answer your questions in a special section! Most often these are questions of an individual nature in relation to vaccination, immunity and the like.

Questions are answered:

• Immunization specialists

Ask a question

Our specialists

Children’s head injuries | Kaplan Medical Center

Head injuries are very common in children, but 60% of them are mild and do not cause any damage. In most cases, the infant or child will cry out of surprise from the pain resulting from the impact, but very soon the crying will stop and the child will continue to act normally. Thus, most cases do not require special treatment or any checks, other than the observation of parents at home.

Is a hematoma (bruise) in the area of ​​impact dangerous?

Bumps usually show no outward signs other than some redness or superficial abrasions. Sometimes a red-blue swelling may occur at the site of impact, which means subcutaneous hematoma in the area of ​​impact. The occurrence of a hematoma is not surprising, because the scalp area is abundantly covered with blood vessels. Therefore, if an external injury occurs, the bleeding from it will be relatively large compared to similar injuries in other parts of the body, and the internal injury will be a subcutaneous hematoma.

How to treat a hematoma?

Attach something cold wrapped in cloth.

How to stop bleeding?

If there is external bleeding from the wound, apply pressure to the impact site with a piece of a stamp or other tissue.

When can you calm down and understand that we are talking about a slight bruise?

In the following cases, you can understand that this is a minor injury and that you can monitor the child at home:

• This refers to a fall from a small height (large height – more than a meter in infants under two years of age).
• Injury not the result of a traffic accident
• No significant penetrating injury
• Injury not the result of bullying (in any case of suspicion of intentional injury, fundus examination should be performed and reported to a social worker)
• No signs of loss of consciousness or seizures
• Child behaves normally again after a few minutes
• The child did not vomit more than twice after the injury
• The injury did not develop a prolonged or significant headache

When can a child be allowed to sleep after a head injury?

A child can sleep after a head injury, sleep will not hurt him. However, if it seems to parents that drowsiness is significantly increased, so much so that it is difficult to wake the child, you should go to the emergency room.

When should I arrive for an examination in the emergency room?

It is important to come to the emergency room in the following cases:

• The injury was serious or the fall was from a significant height (more than a meter), even if the child looks perfectly healthy
• The child suffers from severe prolonged headaches
• The child suffers from nausea /vomiting for a long time
• The child shows anxiety or vice versa indifference
• There is a cut at the site of the injury that requires suturing or gluing
• The injury occurred to an infant under the age of one year

Please note that there is a fee for visiting the emergency room.

How to recognize a concussion?

In more serious cases, signs of concussion may develop: persistent vomiting, significant dizziness without anatomical disturbances. A child who shows signs of a concussion will usually be hospitalized to monitor the progress of the problem. In most cases, after 24 hours of observation, the child will be discharged home.

How to make sure that there is no skull fracture?

In more serious cases, a skull fracture may occur. In most cases, we are talking about a “linear” fracture, that is, a crack. Diagnosis is by CT, in which case hospitalization is required for observation for several days to ensure that there are no signs of internal trauma.

When can a head injury be life-threatening?

Internal bleeding can be very dangerous and cause permanent damage or even death. The reason for this is the accumulation of blood in the intracranial box and its pressure on the soft tissues of the brain. Diagnosis of internal bleeding is done by CT of the brain. Bleeding inside the skull can be managed with emergency neurosurgery to drain blood and relieve pressure.

How to avoid such injuries?

It goes without saying that prevention is the most important thing. Falls from a bicycle, scooter or roller skates can be very dangerous if the child is not wearing a helmet. Therefore, it is very important to choose a helmet according to the size.

The head circumference of an adult is from 51 to 62 cm on average; in children from the age of 8 years, the head circumference reaches about 80 percent of its final size. On the packaging of the helmet, its girth in centimeters is indicated, as well as information about the size – small, medium, large.

When cycling, scootering or roller-skating, carefully fasten the helmet straps under the chin and turn your head to make sure that the helmet does not fall off. A helmet that is too large can be very dangerous and cause more damage in the event of an accident.

It is very important that the helmet be made of two types of material, or fused together, to make it resistant.

Natural Ways to Treat Your Baby’s Cold

Reviewed by Renee A. Alli, MD on November 04, 2021

Babies get sick a lot. During their first year, most have as many as seven colds — that’s a lot of runny noses and sleepless nights. How can you help your infant? Over-the-counter cold medicines aren’t recommended for children under 2, but a few all-natural remedies can help ease your little one’s symptoms and make you both feel better.

This thins mucus, and that can help with a stuffy nose. It also keeps them from getting dehydrated. Offer your baby breast milk or formula often. Don’t give them sodas or juices — they’re high in sugar. How can you tell if they are sipping enough? Check that their urine is light in color. If it’s dark, encourage them to drink more.

Your baby is stuffed up, but they can’t blow their nose yet. A bulb syringe can clear out the mucus. To use it, squeeze the bulb and put about a quarter- to a half-inch of the syringe into one nostril. Let go of the bulb to create a suction. Take out the syringe, and squeeze the bulb to put the mucus into a tissue. Wash the syringe with soap and water after using it.  You can also use a nasal aspirator — an electric version.

A nasal rinse can help ease your baby’s congestion because it loosens the thick mucus that’s clogging their nose. Look for over-the-counter saline drops or sprays, or make your own: Stir a half-teaspoon of table salt into a cup of warm water. Lay your little one on their back, and use a dropper to put two or three drops into each nostril. Wipe away any mucus, or use a bulb syringe or nasal aspirator to suction it out.

Grandma was right: Chicken soup does help you feel better. Research shows it works in more ways than one. The nutrients in the ingredients, like chicken and veggies, ease the inflammation that causes many cold symptoms. And sipping the warm broth can thin mucus and clear up congestion. If your baby’s new to solids, blend the soup to make a puree or just use the broth.

Moisture in the air can help with coughing and stuffiness. To keep your baby safe, use a cool-mist humidifier. The steam and hot water from other versions can lead to burns. It’s also important to change the water daily, and clean it according to the manufacturer’s instructions. This keeps mold and bacteria from growing inside.

If your baby is stuffed up, try making your own steam room. Run a hot shower with the bathroom door closed, so the room fills with steam. Then sit with your little one for 10 to 15 minutes. Bring books or toys to keep them busy. Breathing in the warm, moist air will help clear the blockages. A good time to do this is right before bed, so they’ll fall asleep easier.

Chalk up one more reason secondhand smoke isn’t good for a child: It can make their cold worse by irritating their throat and nose. In fact, kids who breathe in secondhand smoke have a harder time getting over colds. They’re also more likely to have bronchitis or pneumonia. Stay away from places with cigarette smoke, and ask that no one smoke inside your home.

Sleep is key for a healthy immune system. It can help your baby fight off that cold virus. To help them get a good night’s rest, clear out the mucus with saline drops and a bulb syringe before naps and at bedtime. And give them lots of cuddles. Your touch may ease the discomfort and help them feel more relaxed.

A lukewarm sponge bath can help soothe a feverish baby and may bring down their temperature by a few degrees. Fill a tub with an inch or two of slightly warm water, and use a sponge or washcloth to wipe them down. Don’t use cold water, ice, or alcohol. If they are chilly, take them out of the bath.

The saying “feed a cold, starve a fever” only got it half right. Little bodies need the energy from food to fight off that cold, and certain nutrients can strengthen the immune system. If your baby is eating solid food, give them meals that have protein, vegetables, and healthy fat. If you’re breastfeeding, keep it up. Breast milk protects against the germs that cause colds.

If your child is over a year old, a spoonful of this can calm a nighttime cough. One study found that sick kids coughed less and slept better after a teaspoon and a half of the golden stuff at bedtime. But you shouldn’t give them honey if they aren’t 1 yet. It’s not recommended for younger babies because it may lead to a dangerous illness called botulism in infants.

Sometimes a cold leads to more serious conditions. Call your pediatrician if your baby is younger than 3 months and has a rectal temperature of 100.4 F or higher or is fussy and not drinking. If they are older, call a doctor if their ears hurt or if they have breathing trouble, a cough for longer than a week, or mucus that’s still there after 10-14 days. Also reach out if their fever is above 100.4 F for more than 3 days or goes higher than 104.

IMAGES PROVIDED BY:

1. Thinkstock
2. Thinkstock
3. Thinkstock
4. Thinkstock
5. Thinkstock
6. Thinkstock
7. Thinkstock
8. Thinkstock
9. Thinkstock
10. Thinkstock
11. Thinkstock
12. Thinkstock
13. Thinkstock
14. Thinkstock

Joy Weydert, M. D., professor, integrative medicine and pediatrics, University of Kansas; vice chairwoman, American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Integrative Medicine.

Mayo Clinic: “Common Cold in Babies,” “When Should I Use a Cool-Mist Humidifier Versus a Warm-Mist Humidifier For a Child With a Cold?”

FDA: “Use Caution When Giving Cough and Cold Medicine to Kids.”

American Academy of Pediatrics: “Simple Remedies Often Best for Common Colds in Young Children,” “How to Keep Your Sleeping Baby Safe: AAP Policy Explained,” “American Academy of Pediatrics Announces New Safe Sleep Recommendations to Protect Against SIDS, Sleep-Related Infant Deaths,” “Treating a Fever Without Medicine.”

Cleveland Clinic: “Childhood Respiratory Infections and Other Illnesses.”

University of California, Los Angeles: “An Inside Scoop on the Science Behind Chicken Soup.”

Chest: “Chicken Soup Inhibits Neutrophil Chemotaxis in Vitro,” “Effects of Drinking Hot Water, Cold Water, and Chicken Soup on Nasal Mucus Velocity and Nasal Airflow Resistance. ”

Stanford Children’s Health: “Upper Respiratory Infection (URI or Common Cold).”

Pediatrics: “Effect of Honey on Nocturnal Cough and Sleep Quality: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study,” “Skin-to-Skin Contact is Analgesic in Healthy Newborns.”

Pflugers Archiv: “Sleep and Immune Function.”

American Journal of Nutrition: “Nutrition and the Immune System: An Introduction.”

© 2021 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved. View privacy policy and trust info

What Your Child’s Heart Rate and Other Vital Signs Tell You

Written by Paige Fowler

In this Article

• How to Read Your Child’s Vital Signs
• Temperature
• Heart Rate
• Respiratory Rate
• Blood Pressure
• Abnormal Vital Signs

How to Read Your Child’s Vital Signs

Your child’s vital signs can give you important health clues. Many things can affect the numbers. But if they’re outside the normal range, it could be a sign of possible health issues.

Note that normal vital sign values for children are different than they are for adults. They also vary depending on age, sex, and weight.

The four vital signs are:

• Body temperature
• Heart rate
• Respiration, or breathing, rate
• Blood pressure

Temperature

A fever means your child’s temperature is higher than usual. It’s the main way their body fights an infection.

How to check

Use a digital thermometer to take your child’s temperature in the mouth, or rectally in the bottom. A rectal temperature gives the more accurate reading. That’s the way you should do it if your baby is younger than 3 months. With older infants and children, an oral reading is fine unless your doctor tells you otherwise. Always clean the thermometer in soapy water and rinse with cool water before you use it. Never use the same thermometer to take an oral and rectal temperature.

To take a rectal temperature:

• Place your child on their belly across your lap.
• Put a small amount of petroleum jelly on the end of a thermometer.
• Insert it half an inch into the anal opening.
• Remove the thermometer when it beeps and read the temperature. (It’s normal for the baby to poop after the thermometer is removed.)

To take an oral temperature:

• Slip the end of the thermometer under your child’s tongue.
• Have your child close their lips around the thermometer.
• Remove it when it beeps and check the temperature.

Normal temperature

A normal temperature is 98.6 F if taken in the mouth, and 99.6 F if taken in the bottom. If the oral temperature is above 99.5 F or the rectal reading is 100.4 F or higher, your child has a fever.

Call your doctor ASAP if your baby is younger than 3 months and has a rectal temperature of 100.4 F or higher. Even if your baby doesn’t have any other symptoms, a fever in infants can be serious.

Heart Rate

Also called a pulse, this is how many times the heart beats each minute. It’s faster when your child is active and slower when they’re seated or asleep. Your doctor will check the heart rate during well-child visits. If you need to monitor your child’s heart rate because of a medical condition, your doctor will tell you how and how often to check it.

You should also check your child’s pulse if they:

• Complain of chest pain or things like a “racing” feeling or a “skipped” heartbeat
• Faint
• Have trouble breathing (not because of asthma)
• Become pale or their lips turn blue

How to check

Make sure your child has been seated for at least 5 minutes before you start. Place your first two fingers on the front of their neck or the inside of the wrist, armpit, or elbow crease. You should feel thumps against your fingers. Set a timer for 30 seconds and count the beats. Double that number, and that’s your child’s heart rate.

Normal heart rate:

• Infant (to 12 months): 100-160 beats per minute (bpm)
• Toddler (1-3 years): 90-150 bpm
• Preschooler (3-5 years): 80-140 bpm
• School-aged child (5-12 years): 70-120 bpm
• Adolescent (12-18 years): 60-100 bpm

A heart rate that’s slower than usual can signal a problem. For infants, it can mean:

• Exposure to certain medications before birth
• Breathing problems
• A drop in body temperature (hypothermia)

A slower than usual heart rate in kids can also mean there’s an issue in the structure of their heart.

Respiratory Rate

This is how many breaths your child takes per minute. This number may go up when they’re excited, nervous, in pain, or have a high fever. A fast or slow respiratory rate means your child may have trouble breathing. Call your pediatrician if you have any concerns.

How to check

Set a timer for 30 seconds and count the number of times your child’s chest rises. Double that number to get their respiratory rate.

Normal rate (breaths per minute):

• Infant (0-12 months): 30-60
• Toddler (1-3 years): 24-40
• Preschooler (3-5 years): 22-34
• School-aged child (5-12 years): 18-30
• Adolescent (12-18 years): 12-16

If your baby or child’s pulse is fast or they have any of the following symptoms, it could mean they’re having trouble breathing:

• Bluish color around the mouth
• Pale or gray skin
• A grunting sound with each breath out
• Nose flares
• Wheezing
• Sweating
• Tiredness
• Upper chest sinks in with each breath
• Not eating or drinking well
• Vocalizing less

Respiratory distress is serious. It means your child isn’t getting enough oxygen. This might be because of:

• An infection
• Chronic illness
• A blocked airway

Call your doctor or 911, or get to the emergency room right away. Stay calm and try to keep your child calm while keeping them in a comfortable position.

Blood Pressure

Blood pressure is the force of blood as it flows through the vessels that move blood from the heart to the body. Children can get high blood pressure just as adults do. If your child grows up with high blood pressure, or hypertension, it could make them more likely to have a stroke, heart attack, heart failure, and kidney disease.

Blood pressure is measured using two numbers:

• Systolic is the first number. It measures how much pressure is on your artery walls each time your heart beats.
• Diastolic is the second number. It measures how much pressure is on your artery walls between heartbeats, when your heart is at rest.

Your child might have high blood pressure because of:

• A heart defect
• Kidney disease
• A genetic condition
• A hormone disorder
• Being overweight

Hypotension is blood pressure that’s too low. It can make your child feel nauseated, dizzy, or faint.

Your child may have low blood pressure because of:

• Medication they’re taking
• Dehydration
• Blood loss
• Heart problems
• Infection
• Allergies
• Endocrine problems
• Nutrition issues

How to check

Your child’s doctor will start to check blood pressure at age 3. Your child may need to have it checked sooner if they:

• Were born prematurely or had low birth weight
• Have congenital heart disease
• Take medicine that can make blood pressure rise
• Have other medical conditions that can lead to high blood pressure

If your doctor tells you to check your child’s blood pressure at home, use an automatic monitor with a cuff that fits on the upper arm. Take the monitor with you to your next appointment so your doctor can check that you use it correctly.

Normal levels

These numbers differ for children, depending on their age, height, and sex. The top number is systolic pressure, and the bottom one is diastolic pressure. Both numbers should be below the limit.

For boys:

1 year old: less than 98/52

2 years old: less than 100/55

3 years old: less than 101/58

4 years old: less than 102/60

5 years old: less than 103/63

6 years old: less than 105/66

7 years old: less than 106/68

8 years old: less than 107/69

9 years old: less than 107/70

10 years old: less than 108/72

11 years old: less than 110/74

12 years old: less than 113/75

For girls:

1 year old: less than 98/54

2 years old: less than 101/58

3 years old: less than 102/60

4 years old: less than 103/62

5 years old: less than 104/64

6 years old: less than 105/67

7 years old: less than 106/68

8 years old: less than 107/69

9 years old: less than 108/71

10 years old: less than 109/72

11 years old: less than 111/74

12 years old: less than 114/75

For boys and girls 13 and older: less than 120/80.

Abnormal Vital Signs

If your child’s vital signs are off, you may need to see a doctor. Vital signs can vary based on time of day and the emotional state of your child. If your child has a drastic change, that could be a sign of a problem.

Your doctor will have a better idea of what’s outside of normal and can monitor your child over time if needed.

What remedies will help a child with a cold

Author, editor and medical expert – Klimovich Elina Valerievna.

Editor and medical expert – Harutyunyan Mariam Harutyunovna.

Date last updated: 02/21/2023

Number of views: 296,557.

Average reading time: 4 minutes.

Contents:

Medicines for the common cold in children
Which nose drops are used for allergies in children?
Non-pharmacological methods of treating a runny nose

When a child has a runny nose, the whole family “sicks” for him, trying to help the baby get better faster. But it is important that drugs, including nasal drops, be prescribed to children by a doctor.

How to treat a runny nose in a child, what remedies exist for this? You will learn about this from our article.

Medicines for the common cold in children

For rhinitis (runny nose), drugs are mainly used that improve the condition of the child by relieving congestion and reducing nasal discharge ³ . However, if some nasal drops are indicated for children with rhinitis caused by a cold ¹ , others should be used if the child sneezes due to an allergic reaction ² .

How to treat a runny nose in a child with a cold?

In most cases, nasal breathing difficulties, sneezing and nasal discharge are associated with colds – acute respiratory infections ^4.15 . They can be caused by viruses, less often by bacteria and other microorganisms³. Given the infectious factor, some parents believe that, first of all, you need to arm yourself with medicines that act on pathogens. However, doctors recommend antiviral and antibacterial drugs only in certain cases ¹ .

To influence the mechanism of symptoms and alleviate them, the pediatrician may prescribe topical decongestants ^1,4,15 – drugs that, when applied to the nasal mucosa, reduce its swelling, reduce the amount of discharge and improve nasal breathing ¹ . This effect of decongestants is associated with their ability to constrict the blood vessels of the nasal mucosa ^1.2 .

Xylometazoline 9 is considered to be one of the most preferred decongestants, active components of children’s cold drops.0031 5 . It has been well studied and has a fairly high safety profile ⁶ . When developing drugs, the concentration of the active substance is selected specifically, depending on the age of the child ¹ .

The use of a modern form of decongestant delivery – a spray with a dosing pump – eliminates overdose ^{5. 6} . Uniform distribution of the drug over the surface of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity reduces the risk of undesirable effects associated with the flow of the drug solution into the throat ⁷ as happens in children when medicine is instilled into the nose.

Tizin ^® for children

The line of nasal sprays TIZIN ^® contains preparations for children from 2 to 6 years old with a concentration of xylometazoline 0.05% (0.5 mg) ^8.9.11:

• TIZIN ^® Classic for children has a vasoconstrictive effect, reduces mucosal edema, helps cleanse the nasal cavity and sinuses from secretions, facilitates nasal breathing ⁸ . Its effect can last up to 12 hours ⁸ .
• TIZIN ^® Expert for children contains hyaluronic acid in addition to xylometazoline. It helps to moisturize the mucous membrane and reduce the symptoms of irritation and dryness in the nose ⁹ .
• TIZIN ^® Panthenol for Children includes xylometazoline and dexpanthenol. The latter helps to restore the damaged mucous membrane ¹¹ .

TIZIN ^® Classic, TIZIN ^® Expert and TIZIN ^® Panthenol with xylometazoline concentration 0.1% (1 mg) can be used in the treatment of rhinitis in children older than 6 years ^8,9,10 . It is recommended to apply sprays no more than 5-7 days ^8,9,10,11 .

Back to top

Which nose drops are used for allergies in children?

Often the cause of a runny nose is an allergic reaction to various substances that the child inhales with the air (plant pollen, dust). Sometimes a process launches some kind of food product ² . Upon contact with allergens, an inflammatory reaction develops, which is manifested by itching, abundant mucous discharge from the nose, and impaired nasal breathing ² . In addition to a runny nose, the child’s eyes may watery ² .

It is extremely difficult for a parent to independently distinguish allergic rhinitis from a cold – the correct diagnosis should always be checked with an allergist . If the allergy is confirmed, the doctor may recommend children’s nasal drops based on antiallergic active ingredients ² . These include the 2nd generation antihistamine – levocabastine ² , which is the active ingredient in the nasal spray TIZIN ^® Allergy. The drug is suitable for children over 6 years of age and can be recommended by a pediatrician as a means of combating the phenomena of seasonal and year-round allergic rhinitis ¹² . TIZIN ^® Allergy may begin to act in 5 minutes and may continue to be active for up to 12 hours ¹² .

Non-drug treatments for the common cold

Rhinitis should not be left to chance ^{3. 4} . It needs to be treated and that treatment should include both drug and non-drug treatments ⁴ .

For a speedy recovery, in addition to the use of drops from the common cold, additional funds are needed. First of all, with nasal congestion and a runny nose, the child must be properly looked after.

Drinking regimen

A child with a cold should receive enough fluids ^1.13 especially if he has a fever. With an increase in body temperature, increased evaporation of moisture from the surface of the skin and mucous membranes is observed ¹³ . These losses must be compensated.

Drinking water helps thin the nasal mucus and facilitate its discharge ¹ .

Suitable for drinking water, cranberry or lingonberry fruit drinks, decoctions of dried fruits, alkaline mineral water without gas ¹⁴ .

Air humidifier

To improve the efficiency of nasal breathing, it is important that the air in the children’s room is not dry ¹⁷ . It is necessary to ventilate the room more often, carry out wet cleaning, and, if necessary, use air humidifiers ¹⁴ . Maintain the optimum temperature in the room: in winter within 20-24 ⁰ C, and in summer – 20-28 ⁰ C ¹⁸ .

Nasal irrigation

Regularly rinsing the nose of a child with a runny nose with sterile saline helps to remove accumulated mucus, pathogens and allergens from the surface of the nasal mucosa ³ , helps restore the natural mechanisms of nasal cavity cleansing and facilitate nasal breathing ¹⁷ .

For small children, saline solution can be instilled into the nose and then, if the child does not yet know how to blow his nose, remove the mucus with a special aspirator ¹ . In addition, in order to moisten the mucosa in case of a runny nose in children, inhalations with a fine spray of isotonic solution in the nasal cavity can be used ¹⁷ . Before the procedure, be sure to consult with a pediatrician.

Reducing exposure to the allergen

When a child has an allergic rhinitis, it is important to eliminate or reduce exposure to the allergen. If the allergy is caused by plant pollen, during the flowering period, you should be less outdoors, keep the windows in the house closed, use air conditioning, and after a walk, be sure to rinse your nose ³ and take a shower or bath ² .

If you are allergic to dust mites, use anti-mite bedding (special covers or pillowcases), if you are allergic to animals, avoid contact with them, and if you are intolerant to food, exclude them from the diet ² . The allergist should give exact recommendations.

It is important to remember that runny nose and nasal congestion in children can be not only a manifestation of a cold or allergy. They may accompany a number of other diseases ¹⁶ . Therefore, in all cases, and especially if rhinitis takes a protracted course, it is necessary to show the child to the doctor. Timely diagnosis and treatment help speedy recovery and reduce the risk of complications.

The information in this article is for reference only and does not replace professional medical advice. For diagnosis and treatment, contact a qualified specialist.

Return to the beginning of

Read also:

• dry runny nose in a child
• Allergic rhinitis in children
• xylometazoline

90,000 xymelin – rapids for children – rapid assistance with a bunny

with a feast can be found with a feast child of any age. This becomes a problem not only for the baby himself, but, of course, for his parents. Loving mothers and fathers do their best to alleviate the condition of the child.

Let’s see what you can do to help your baby get rid of a runny nose and nasal congestion quickly.

Causes of a runny nose

There are several main causes that lead to a runny nose:

• Acute respiratory viral infections (infectious rhinitis). The response of the immune system is expressed in the development of microbial inflammation. This leads to swelling of the nasal mucosa and difficulty in breathing.
• Allergic reactions. Ingestion of an allergen into the body can cause a response in the form of allergic rhinitis. The most common allergens are: pollen from flowering plants, house dust, and animal hair;
• Violation of the regulation of vascular tone of the nasal mucosa. Such a runny nose is called vasomotor. It develops spontaneously, it is often not possible to identify the cause.

Regardless of the cause: infectious inflammation, allergic reaction, or dysregulation of vascular tone, the mechanism of development of the common cold is the same. First, there is an expansion of the vessels of the nasal mucosa, then the space between the cells of the vascular wall increases, and as a result, the liquid part of the blood (plasma) easily penetrates into the surrounding tissues, forming nasal discharge.

Why is a child’s runny nose dangerous?

A runny nose in a child is not just an annoying nuisance, it has a negative effect on the entire body. Thus, a runny nose in infants leads to the fact that infants:

• become capricious and restless;
• sleep superficially, wake up frequently;
• suckle poorly at the breast (or bottle) and, as a result, do not finish eating. This means that the body does not receive the nutrients it needs for its normal development.

In older children, incl. in schoolchildren, the following manifestations come to the fore:

• the brain receives less oxygen;
• the general background of mood is suppressed. The child may become lethargic and lethargic.

Given all these risks, a runny nose in a child should be treated as soon as possible. The most common drugs for the symptomatic treatment of various types of rhinitis are topical vasoconstrictor drugs. The pharmaceutical market is replete with a wide variety of such means, in which it is easy to get confused. Moreover, when a runny nose appears, parents do not always go to the doctor. When choosing a drug, remember that it should not only restore nasal breathing, but also not harm the child’s body.

Which Xymelin to choose for the treatment of rhinitis in children?

For the treatment of various types of rhinitis in children, the spray form allows:

evenly distribute the medicine over the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx.

Spray “Xymelin” is the best way to combat the common cold in children, as the drug has its effect locally, constricting the vessels of the nasal mucosa. Therefore, the likelihood of side effects such as headache, tachycardia, increased blood pressure and nausea is minimal.

In addition to the drug Xymelin, which has proven its effectiveness in the treatment of the common cold, Xymelin Eco is also represented in the brand line. Its advantage is that it is devoid of preservatives – it does not include benzalkonium chloride, which in some cases can slow down the frequency of beating cilia of the nasal mucosa and cause burning sensations and irritation.

Top 20 Babysitters in Colorado Springs, CO

Babysitters in Colorado Springs, CO

Background Check

I am an experienced babysitter from ages 4 months-12 years. I have experience with kids with special needs. I am also certified in CPR for babies, children and teens/adults and pediatric and adult first aid. I am an HR Admin Assistant for a medical device company and graduated college last year witha degree in Exercise Science. I worked as a leader and director for the childcare programs at the YMCA throughout college as well as in the baby room at a local gym. I am looking for some jobs that work with my current work schedule, so weekends and evenings work best. Let me know if you are interested!…

Recent Review:

Amanda has been a great part-time babysitter for our family! She is extremely punctual, has dependable transportation and most importantly, great with our kids. She engages my older kids with games, puzzles andimaginative play while also keeping our baby happy- the combination of which is no easy task!. ..

Reviewed by Caitlin N.

Background Check

Hello everyone! 🙂 I attended Cal State Fullerton for my Bachelors in Psychology and a minor in Child and Adolescent Development. I enjoy going hiking, to the beach and camping. I also volunteer on the weekends with different outreaches in the community. I love working with children I have beennannying/babysitting for eight years now. I have worked with multiple children their ages all ranging from 3 months old to 12 years of age. I have a reliable car which is a Honda Insight. The tasks I have done are change diapers, making lunch and dinner for the children and getting them ready for bed. As well as taking kids to school in the mornings, picking them up, and taking them to their after-school activities. I’ve also done arts and crafts and outdoor activities with the kids. I am looking forward to hearing from you!…

Background Check

Hi there, my name is Cabrey and I am a recent college graduate living and working in Colorado Springs while applying to medical school (hoping to be a pediatrician!). I have experience babysitting, nannying, tutoring, and pet sitting. While in college, I worked as a volunteer coordinator for anafterschool program serving underprivileged middle school students. In this role I tutored students both one on one and in groups, and led enrichment activities. I also worked part-time on a challenge course, maintaining safety and facilitating student growth through adventure-based challenges. These two experiences highlight how I like to interact with children – facilitating growth through both education and fun activities!…

Recent Review:

Cabrey was punctual and she listened well. The children all loved to play with her, and she hosted some fun activities for them during the babysitting session. I would recommend her!

Reviewed by Lorilee S.

Rebecca S.

Colorado Springs, CO

$20-25/hr • 7 yrs exp

Experienced, Caring, And Adventurous Nanny & Sitter New To Colorado!

Background Check

Hey y’all, my name is Rebecca!
I am moving to Colorado Springs in January 2023. I have nannied full time in Virginia for 3 years, and have been with my current family since their sweet baby was 4 months old. He is now almost 3, and has a 7-month-old baby sister I have had the joy of caring for aswell! I have ample experience with all ages, from tiny newborns all the way up to disabled teens. I am happy to drive kiddos wherever they need to be, have provided overnight care on countless occasions, and have stayed with families for multiple days while the parents were out of town!
Here in VA, I’ve been a volunteer EMT for 3 years. I am a registered Paramedic, which includes a Pediatric Advanced Life Support certification. I am applying for paramedic positions in CO, so my schedule may vary. I would really love fill in my free time with babysitting or even part time nannying, and hope to find some regular families I can grow close with! I’m also happy to provide references :-)…

Recent Review:

Rebecca was amazing with my kids! They loved her so much that they have asked several times when she would be coming back. She kept my kiddos for about 8 hours and kept me up to date throughout the entire time.She took all 3 kids to the park (twice), got them snacks, water, dinner, and a bath before bedtime. She sent picture updates and called/texted if she needed clarification on anything. My son got (very) fussy at the end of night – Rebecca snuggled with him and did everything she could to keep him calm. I walked in to a house full of sleeping kids cuddled up with her on the couch. Even after, she cleaned up toys and dinner. She is wonderful and I can’t wait to hire her again! :)…

Reviewed by Ashlee C.

Background Check

Hello, my name is Rachel. I am 32 years old and have over 12 years of experience working with children. I have been both a full-time nanny and occasional sitter, as well as a tutor. I also have experience working as a teacher’s assistant in a preschool.
I have a college degree in Child Developmentand Education, as well as a degree in Social and Behavioral Sciences. I am also CPR and First Aid certified.
I am very honest, dependent, trustworthy, and kind. I pride myself in delivering excellent one-on-one care and thoroughly enjoy working with children. I also encourage active and imaginative play, rather than staring mindlessly at a screen all day.
Helping children succeed in school and life is my true passion….

Recent Review:

Rachel was a wonderful nanny and an absolute joy to have around. We only needed her help for a few weeks, but in that time our daughter’s skills (crawling, walking, words, and gestures) progressed so quickly.We also appreciated her help keeping things tidy. If we return to the area, we would definitely hope to work with her again!…

Reviewed by Casey C.

Background Check

I have 3 grown children of my own. I am a grandma to 4 adorable grand babies who I watch all of the time. So I could be a stay-at-home mom, I babysat a 6-month-old baby full-time and then her baby brother at age 3 months. Watched both of them full-time until they were 6 and 4. Loveplaying/entertaining the kids and am not one to just sit on the couch. I am CPR certified! I would prefer my house but would consider yours….

Recent Review:

Sandy is phenomenal! Very trustworthy, reliable, and punctual sitter. My 3 year old daughter instantly bonded with her (as did I) and get excited every time she knows she’ll be spending time with Sandy. By far,one of the best caretakers I know. I would certainly recommend her to others….

Reviewed by Tatiana G.

Background Check

I currently work full time but am free for date nights and overnight jobs.
Work History: -Summer 2011: part-time nanny for a family with two girls (3 & 5). -September to November 2011: part-time nanny for a family with 9 children (16, and all others under 9). -February 2011-12: part-time nannyfor a family of four (three boys: 12, 6, 2 and a 3-year-old girl) -February 2012 to August 2014: full-time nanny for a baby boy, beginning when he was 12 weeks -September to December of 2014 part-time nanny for a family with two kids (a 2-year-old girl and 3-year-old boy) -January to April of 2015: full-time for a family of five (16, 14, 6-year-old boys and 10 and 13-year-old girls). The parents traveled for work so this job involved a lot of overnights with the kids. Tasks including, but not limited to: cooking, cleaning, laundry, running errands, pick up/drop offs from school, etc….

Recent Review:

Victoria is great! She was punctual, and our 20 month old took to her right away. When we came home, our son was sleeping soundly, and as a bonus our living room and kitchen were cleaned up too! Wouldabsolutely hire again, she is wonderful. …

Reviewed by Danielle B.

Background Check

I have been in child care since I was a teenager, I now have five kids of my own. I enjoy working with kids of all ages. I love arts and crafts, reading, taking walks, bored games and anything involving the outdoors. I also find it very important to teach kids. They are like sponges and the more youteach the more they learn. I am someone you can count on because I know the importance of having someone you trust watch your children. I work with schedules and even available for weekends. …

Recent Review:

Monique was an amazing help for my last minute childcare needs. She was very understanding and caring to my daughter during her time with her. She provided frequent updates via pictures and videos. I willdefinitely use her again. Thank you so much!…

Reviewed by Kendra G.

Background Check

Hello my name is Eva and I have been a babysitter since I was 16 years old. Up until last year I had the amazing opportunity to babysit two young boys in my hometown Fairbanks, Alaska. I absolutely love babysitting because I get to help families and hang out with awesome kids. I am currently inschool to obtain my bachelors degree and am looking to become a full time babysitter for a family who could use a little bit of my help. Please message me directly on here for any jobs, don’t request:) thank you!…

Recent Review:

Eva did a great job with our kids! We always felt comfortable with her taking care of them, and she kept us updated throughout the day. Our kids loved her and we would happily hire her again!

Reviewed by Derek S.

Background Check

Friendly, caring, upbeat babysitter. I have experience babysitting babies up to middle school aged children. I use to babysit my little brother from when he was a baby up until he was a teen. I babysat my niece when she was a baby. I also babysit my older disabled brother who is 37. I have alot ofexperience babysitting children. I also used to be a teacher’s assistant for children from grades kindergarten to 2nd grade. I am very interactive with children playing games with them and reading to them and keeping them entertained….

Recent Review:

Crystal is absolutely amazing! She’s always on time and jumped right in helping my daughter and I. She anticipates what needs to be done and takes the initiative. She’s great with my daughter and our pets.Highly recommend her!!…

Reviewed by Ashley A.

Background Check

Hello! My name is Savannah. I am 20 years old, a sophomore at UCCS studying nursing. I am CPR and First Aid Certified. I currently am working on getting my CNA license. I have 4 years of experience working at a preschool/daycare for ages 2-5. I come from a very large family and have been around allages my whole life. I have babysat many families of all different ages as well. I would be more than happy to help with any other household tasks needed!…

Recent Review:

My kids had a blast with Savannah! I felt comfortable leaving both of them with her she has a background in health and CPR certification.

Reviewed by Chanel L.

Sadie R.

Colorado Springs, CO

$17-21/hr • 5 yrs exp

Fun And Loving Babysitter. Kids Will Be Entertained And Productive. Parents Rules Come First.

Background Check

I have 5 years of experience. I am available for any need you may have. I am comfortable with all ages and try my best to take care of any needs. I am available to car pool, nanny, make food, light house keeping, and more.

Recent Review:

My kids really liked her, would recommend.

Reviewed by Liza L.

Background Check

Hi my name is Jess and I’m a college student who is also a stay at home mom who is looking to supplement my income.
I am CNA and CPR certified. I have 5+ years as a nanny/babysitter. I do NOT smoke, I have a clean driving record, and I am comfortable will pets.
I am willing to help withhomework, snacks, carpooling, and light clean up.
I am passionate about child care. I am hoping to find a family who feels comfortable with me bringing my son along. He is 6 months old. We love to dance, do tummy time, be outside, and do arts and crafts. Please reach out if you feel that we would be a good fit for you and your family….

Recent Review:

Kind, funny, best baby-talk on the block! My 6 month old LOVES his time with Jess. Couldn’t ask for a more competent and down-to-Earth caretaker! She’s a big win. Big win.

Reviewed by Jade S.

Background Check

Hi! I am a caring, positive, trustworthy, and fun stay at home mom of one sweet 11-month-old baby girl. I have approximately 3 years of experience caring for young children and now 11 months of experience caring for my own baby. I can help with travel, homework, date nights, some light housekeepingand I’m willing to do additional other tasks if requested. I’m looking for a way to earn a little extra money while doing the thing I love. Two girls I used to babysit a long time ago still communiate with me on social media occasionally and for a long time they would call me their sister that they never had. I absolutely loved spending time with them and building a relationship with not only the kids but that family I worked for as well. I have a passion for fun arts and crafts and other artistic projects with kids and enjoy being able to teach kids about the exciting world around them. I also absolutely love animals, especially dogs so that’s not a problem with me….

Background Check

Hello everyone! I would love the chance to work with you and your kids! A little bit about me, I have had dogs, cats, and fish so I am very pet friendly! I am also a gamer , but I also like to fish, go on walks, and play sports)! If you need anyone short notice please let me know because there is agood chance I’ll be available! If you have any questions please let me know and Thank you for the opportunity and I look forward to working with you!. ..

Recent Review:

Sean is amazing! he is very respectful and great with the kids. we have used him a number of times and will continue to do so. hire Sean!!!

Reviewed by Rob B.

Background Check

Hi there!
I am a grad student working towards my master’s in counseling! Over 13 years of experience with kids ranging from ages infant to 14 years old. I had 4 siblings growing up and always had a blast growing up! I am reliable and dependable, and I am happy to cook, clean, and tutor! I’ve grownup with golden retrievers and adore pets!! People often describe me as outgoing and friendly! I try to be creative and love the outdoors, so would be happy to bring kids to parks and practices. Art and music are a huge pass time of mine and love jammin’!
Happy to help out!
Melody…

Background Check

I started working with kids when I was 12. I babysat for my uncle in the summers, who had 5 kids ranging from 9 months to 10 years old.
I have experience working with special needs. I have worked in a couple of daycares.
My biggest goal doing this job is to meet the specific needs of the childrenand their families.
In my spare time, I like to go on hikes, read, and bake!
My skills include cooking, cleaning, making kids smile, and willing to help with homework. BEST grilled cheeses a kid could ask for!
“There are no 7 wonders of the world in the eys of a child. There are 7 million.” ~ Walt Streightiff…

Recent Review:

We absolutely are pleased with her. She takes L to school activities when I can’t. She takes him to fun filled events where he can socialize with his peers. She is active with my son and he absolutely looksforward to anytime she comes over. She is a pleasure to be around and very honest and open minded. She is also a great communicator which we truly value….

Reviewed by Candice K.

Background Check

Hello families! I’m an experienced baby sitter and nanny. I just recently moved from Cleveland, Ohio last month. I have a couple degrees and portfolio I’ve been working on on the side since I moved here to Colorado Springs but I have full availability, am very flexible, drive, I’m a non-smoker andvaccinated. I love animals and have no problem doing mild cooking and cleaning. My first nannying job only started when I was hired as a French tutor so I can offer to speak French around children as well. The children that I have most of my experience working with were between 1 and 7 years old, but I’ve also had opportunities to take care of infants around 6 months and up. I love to teach children how to do everything, and I’m always enthusiastic about learning, games, sports, crafts, and activities. I was an after school enrichment program teacher for low-income house families in Cincinnati so I know a lot of fun and challenging games to keep the kids active and their minds sharp….

Recent Review:

Natalie is sweet, loving and dependable. She cared for our three children. We loved having her and her presence is very positive and nurturing. She was excellent and safe with the children. In addition tochild care, Natalie provided light cleaning and the house always liked clean and picked up. In addition, she has remained part of our family the kids love her.
I highly recommend Natalie for a nanny….

Reviewed by Elizabeth C.

Background Check

I am a CNA in Colorado Springs, CO looking for part time babysitting on the side or a full time live in nanny position. I can babysit overnight, during or after school hours at your home only at this time. Prefer a recurring schedule.
I do not smoke, but do use a low nicotine vape pen outsideonly.
I love reading, doing crafts, and playing games. Can provide homework help and transportation to activities. I can cook. I have experience with special needs children including those on the spectrum. I have a child of my own as well who can stay home or accompany me to play with your kiddos….

Kara B.

Colorado Springs, CO

$18-50/hr • 10 yrs exp

Almost Empty Nester Who Loves Little Ones And Has 2 Grown Daughters Of My Own!

Background Check

I am an almost empty nester who has raised 2 daughters of my own. I have been babysitting and caring for children for the last 30 years! During college, I worked at a daycare center all 4 years of school and then continued watching children on nights and weekends until I had my own 2 daughters! Ihave hired caregivers for my own daughters in the past and know what’s important to parents. I don’t consider babysitting to be a job but more of an extension of the entire family. It needs to be a great fit for everybody. I am super energetic, love kids (and pets) of all ages, personable, responsible, CPR certified, non-smoking, have own transportation and as well as having 2 grown daughters, I have 2 pug dogs! I do work full time for a Judge at the courthouse but would love to care for your children on nights or weekends….

Recent Review:

We were traveling from out of town and hired Kara to watch our 9mo old daughter while we attended a wedding function. She communicated with us beforehand so we could get to know her prior to hiring which madeus feel comfortable. She arrived early and got to know us and our little one. Our daughter took to her instantly and we also felt instantly comfortable and assured that she was the right fit for us. Throughout the evening we received text updates and even a pic of our baby girl sound asleep in the pack n’ play – something my husband and I struggle to get her to do every night ourselves! Kara is so knowledgeable and so warm and kind! We wished we could have taken her back home across the states with us as our nanny! Definitely hire Kara!…

Reviewed by Katelyn W.

Showing 1 – 20 of 929

Recent babysitter reviews in Colorado Springs, CO

Amanda J.

Amanda has been a great part-time babysitter for our family! She is extremely punctual, has dependable transportation and most importantly, great with our kids. She engages my older kids with games, puzzles and imaginative play while also keeping our baby happy- the combination of which is no easytask!…

– Caitlin N.

Cabrey K.

Cabrey was punctual and she listened well. The children all loved to play with her, and she hosted some fun activities for them during the babysitting session. I would recommend her!

– Lorilee S.

Rebecca S.

Rebecca was amazing with my kids! They loved her so much that they have asked several times when she would be coming back. She kept my kiddos for about 8 hours and kept me up to date throughout the entire time. She took all 3 kids to the park (twice), got them snacks, water, dinner, and a bathbefore bedtime. She sent picture updates and called/texted if she needed clarification on anything. My son got (very) fussy at the end of night – Rebecca snuggled with him and did everything she could to keep him calm. I walked in to a house full of sleeping kids cuddled up with her on the couch. Even after, she cleaned up toys and dinner. She is wonderful and I can’t wait to hire her again! :)…

– Ashlee C.

Rachel D.

Rachel was a wonderful nanny and an absolute joy to have around. We only needed her help for a few weeks, but in that time our daughter’s skills (crawling, walking, words, and gestures) progressed so quickly. We also appreciated her help keeping things tidy. If we return to the area, we woulddefinitely hope to work with her again!…

– Casey C.

Sandi S.

Sandy is phenomenal! Very trustworthy, reliable, and punctual sitter. My 3 year old daughter instantly bonded with her (as did I) and get excited every time she knows she’ll be spending time with Sandy. By far, one of the best caretakers I know. I would certainly recommend her to others.

– Tatiana G.

Additional Babysitter Resources

Babysitters in Cascade, COBabysitters in USAF Academy, COBabysitters in Green Mountain Falls, COBabysitters in Monument, COBabysitters in Fountain, COBabysitters in Cripple Creek, COBabysitters in Palmer Lake, COBabysitters in Divide, COBabysitters in Woodland Park, COBabysitters in Peyton, CO

Babysitters in Larkspur, COBabysitters in Penrose, COBabysitters in Florissant, COBabysitters in Elbert, COBabysitters in Calhan, COBabysitters in Franktown, COBabysitters in Yoder, COBabysitters in Castle Rock, COBabysitters in Sedalia, COBabysitters in Canon City, CO

Babysitters in Boulder, COBabysitters in Alma, COBabysitters in Ohio City, COBabysitters in Jamestown, COBabysitters in Evergreen, COBabysitters in Englewood, COBabysitters in La Junta, COBabysitters in Bailey, COBabysitters in Buena Vista, COBabysitters in Indian Hills, CO

Babysitters in Hudson, COBabysitters in Florence, COBabysitters in Leadville, COBabysitters in Walsenburg, COBabysitters in Howard, COBabysitters in Wheat Ridge, COBabysitters in Lafayette, COBabysitters in Commerce City, COBabysitters in Strasburg, COBabysitters in Genoa, CO

Show more

Babysitter Articles

FAQs for finding a babysitter in Colorado Springs, CO:

How much do babysitters charge in Colorado Springs, CO?

The average rate for Colorado Springs, CO babysitters on Care. com is $14.78 per hour as of February 2023. How much a babysitter charges can vary greatly depending on location, years of experience, the desired babysitter duties, and how many children will need looking after. The cost of care can also be influenced by special needs such as overnight care. You can use the Care.com childcare calculator to help you calculate your child care costs.

How do I find a babysitter near me in Colorado Springs, CO?

Figuring out how to find a babysitter in Colorado Springs, CO can feel overwhelming at first. To make your search easier, you can use Care.com to search through the profiles of babysitters near you. You can review 929 babysitters in Colorado Springs, CO on Care.com, with an average rating of 4.5. Once you choose candidates that fit your needs, you can contact them to schedule interviews, check references, and request additional background checks.

What type of babysitter services can I find near me in Colorado Springs, CO?

You can find all kinds of babysitters in Colorado Springs, CO through Care. com. As of 2023, you can browse caregivers that specialize in a range of duties, from overnight and infant care, to weekend and after school babysitters. Alongside keeping an eye on your children, caregivers can provide a variety of babysitting duties. They can help with homework or can possibly take on more extensive tutoring responsibilities, can drive your children to school or activities, and can spend time playing with them or helping them get their chores done. When you interview potential sitters, ask them what babysitting duties they are happy to take on.

7 Best Babysitting Apps and Websites for Finding Babysitters Near You

With widespread vaccination rates, low levels of infection, and boosters at will, it’s time for you and your spouse to find a babysitter and grab a night out. Two years ago, that would have been easy — call one of your preferred high school seniors and Venmo to reserve. Well, here’s a wakeup: After 24 months, your favorite sitter is a sophomore in college out of state or already an electrician. For parents striking out after so long away from the game, a babysitter app or babysitter website can help you discover someone who’s reliable — and vetted. So if the only thing standing between you, your partner, and a couple of flutes of wine is the right babysitter, it’s time to book your night out and try to not slam the door ion the way out.

Finding the right babysitter introduces a new kind of magic to your life (they’re like unicorns that way). Having some alone time is very necessary, both as an individual and a couple, and unless you’re one of the lucky few who can freeload off the in-laws, a babysitter is an absolute must. Tons of babysitter apps and nanny websites tout exceptional services, but a few stand out. Each one of the following babysitting sites makes finding, scheduling, paying, and communicating with potential caregivers easier than it’s ever been. Date night, here you come, finally.

Sittercity

Seeking a babysitter but don’t have time to deal with legwork? Sittercity has so many caregiver profiles — more than 1 million nationwide providing babysitting, nannying, pet sitting, senior care, tutoring, housesitting, and housekeeping services — that they decided it’d be easier for them to bring the results directly to you. Just search by zip code or post babysitting jobs and you’ll get matches based on their skills and schedule. You can then read references and reviews, book interviews, and even purchase background checks. The company says it connects a family to a nearby sitter every nine seconds. Many college students, who are good with kids and looking for extra cash, flock to Sittercity, which also means you’ll be able to find countless affordable options on the app.

(iOS) (Android)

Pricing: $35 per month; free basic membership available

Care.com

When it comes to babysitting websites, this one is a behemoth: It’s largest online provider of caregivers (including babysitters, nannies, special needs, tutors, senior caregivers, pet sitters, and housekeepers) — more than 25 million people in 20 countries use the site and its companion Care.com app to find babysitters. Both tools let parents find, review, book, and pay babysitters, and its new streamlined, three-step “Date Night” engine makes it even easier to get out to see your allotted one blockbuster movie a year.

(iOS) (Android)

Pricing:$39 per month or $13 per month for 12 months; free basic membership available

Helpr

When you need childcare quick, Helpr allows you to request a sitter with as little as three hours’ notice; the site connects you with a network of screened professionals. All sitters have at least two years of childcare experience, must complete phone and in-person screenings, provide references, submit to a social media review, and have CPR training. You pay only for the hours booked, so there are no monthly fees. At this point, you can book a sitter in Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, Ojai, San Francisco, New York, Atlanta, Seattle, and Chicago.

(iOS) (Android)

Pricing: $23 to $26 an hour.

Bambino

If you’ve ever thought, “There must be babysitters near me needing work, but how do I find them?” Bambino might be your new BFF. This popular babysitting job app uses your Facebook account to connect you with sitters your friends have used and recommended. It lets parents send a booking request to the sitters you’ve approved, building a list of those who are available and letting you choose the one you want. There are four different rates sitters can earn, from junior sitters (13- to 15-year-olds who are new to babysitting) all the way up to elite sitters (18 or older, lots of experience, background-checked). Timing is automatically tracked and payment takes place directly in the app.

(iOS) (Android)

Pricing: free to download, booking fee 0f $2-3 per session, in addition to rate you determine

UrbanSitter

With 150,000 caregivers in 60 cities and an average response time (to last-minute requests) of three minutes or less, UrbanSitter is the Uber of babysitting websites. One simple interface powers the entire process for parents and nannies. You can search and post jobs for free, browse categories like experience, pay rate, and background, but you have to pay the monthly fee to book a sitter. Make payments and post reviews, all in the app.

(iOS) (Android)

Pricing: $35 per month, $124 per year with a subscription, sitters set their own rates

Komae

Komae is a free babysitting cooperative app that lets you connect to and swap babysitting with people in your community. Instead of paying a sitter, you tap into your network and take turns caring for each other’s kids. Of course, this kind of informal arrangement can be coordinated without an app, but Komae circumvents the resentment that comes when babysitting duties don’t even out by having members earn points for babysitting and spend points for having someone else watch their kids. There’s still room for flexibility, as points don’t have to be directly reciprocated. You can earn points by watching the Smith kids but spend them by having Johnson’s watch your kids. And don’t worry if it doesn’t end up exactly 50/50. If you need more help than you have time to provide you can purchase extra points. And if you’re willing to do more babysitting than you need from others, you can cash out on earned points. Babysitters get extra points for additional children and sitting on the weekends. Parents can also create specific groups so sharing is limited among people they know and trust.

Pricing: Komae is free to download, and babysitting is paid for in points. Each account starts with 20 points, and one point is worth one hour of babysitting. (There’s a flat rate fee of one additional point for any number of additional children and another point for hours on the weekends. ) Additional points run at $5 an hour.

(iOs) (Android)

Nannylane

For families who need more consistent childcare, Nannylane helps connect you with local full and part-time nannies and coordinate nanny shares, in which two families share the services of one nanny. For a monthly fee, they offer a payroll services, so families can pay their nanny on the books, have taxes automatically deducted and filed, pay stubs produced, and payments sent to nannies via direct deposit. The payroll service also makes paying for a nanny share easy, as it calculates each family’s bill based on how many hours they shared. Nannylane is currently available in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Houston, Dallas, Los Angeles, Seattle, and Portland.

Pricing: free basic account, $55/month for Nannylane PLUS, which includes a more refined candidate search, background checks, and payroll services.

Every product on Fatherly is independently selected by our editors, writers, and experts. If you click a link on our site and buy something, we may earn an affiliate commission.

This article was originally published on March 22, 2018

Looking for a nanny for vacation trips

Forums

Login

20.01.2010 12:16

Need a nanny for a trip in the summer (June-July) for 1 month on vacation at sea with me and 2 children. If we like each other, we will periodically go on vacation together 🙂 (2-3 times a year). Mandatory conditions: the ability to get along with children, sociability, the presence of a Russian passport with an expiration date no later than this autumn. Payment for the road, accommodation, food – at our expense + a small salary.

mko *

20.01.2010 19:33

what is the age of the children?

liza25 ***

01/20/2010 19:48

In the summer, one will be 2 years old, the other – 5.5.

mko *

26.01.2010 15:25

Hello, my name is Svetlana, I have experience working with children, I worked in families. My phone is 8 903 789 08 67.

Assol5 _

20. 01.2010 19:25

raise

mko *

01/20/2010 20:40

I will raise a topic for you. Oh, it’s a pity that you have a child in your arms, otherwise I would go to you as a nanny 🙂 Not a job, but a dream! Sun, sea and little kids 🙂

Taslya **

01/21/2010 12:09

exact, dream)))

Cat crush **K**

21.01.2010 12:07

Author, where do you plan to go to the seaside?

Eto_ya *

21.01.2010 12:34

Right now we are just choosing, we are considering different options in Europe, most likely we will focus on Croatia. I need a nanny specifically for holidays abroad, so having a Russian passport is a must.

mko *

01/21/2010 12:44

Girls, I need to decide on a candidate as soon as possible (in the near future I will have to order tickets for a specific person). If anyone has acquaintances, young girls (a completed pedagogical education is not important for me) or active middle-aged women, I will consider any candidates. The main thing is that they should be responsible (I trust them with children), have an approach to children (I have childless friends, basically, they don’t know which side to approach a small child from) and not bores (I live side by side with them for a month).

mko *

21.01.2010 20:08

I will raise

mko *

21. 01.2010 21:46

It’s a pity I don’t have a foreign passport =)

VukiLife _

01/22/2010 10:09

Yes, sorry! 🙂

mko *

22.01.2010 10:45

you did not write the age of the children. And how much is a small salary? after all, you will rest there .. and the nanny will work

Anonymous

22.01.2010 13:09

Children’s age – see above (or in the passport). Salary – after personally talking with the nanny, I will find out: what the nanny can offer me as an employee, how many hours a day she is ready to work (perhaps we will agree on an hourly payment if the nanny lives in separate apartments), what requirements she will present in your housing (I will have to pay for it!). But in any case, of course, one cannot consider such a trip as a way to exclusively earn money. Rather, spend time at sea and see another country + a small income, which, most likely, a person will want to spend there.

mko *

22.01.2010 23:13

From myself I’ll add a little, at the same time I’ll raise the topic =) The kids are very smart and pleasant in communication – it’s interesting to work with such people, and here they also offer sea holidays for free. I think it’s a very tempting offer. =)

VukiLife _

23.01.2010 17:47

I will go with you and my children)))))))))))) there will also be 4 and 5))))))))))))))) I lead the gang professionally)) ))))))))

Cat crush **K**

23.01.2010 20:17

What kind of rest if you have to look after two children??

Anonymous

24. 01.2010 12:02

Well, there are those who cannot look after one child! I will almost always be nearby, i.e., it turns out that I will need to look after one child, while I myself take care of the second. Sometimes I plan to go out alone, without children, but not for a long time and not often, with subsequent compensation for free time to the nanny.

mko *

24.01.2010 19:29

in general, remember me too – your big one will always accept the same gang, we’ll hang out together with pleasure, and I don’t like to go out in the evenings – so I’ll always let you go. Ready to be not a nanny, but just a companion, because you seem to be a specialist in choosing vacation spots, but I don’t know how))))

Catshower **K**

01/24/2010 20:08

Yes, I just have a problem – the youngest with whom to leave and what to do! The older one is already quite independent and conscious. But ok, I’ll keep that in mind. Do you have passports?

mko *

25.01.2010 17:06

yes

Cat **K**

24.01.2010 11:57

Thank you, Light! It’s always nice to hear good things about your kids! 🙂

mko *

23.01.2010 14:59

Is it possible with your child? And yours will be more fun.

shara +

24.01.2010 12:05

I would still like without a child. A little later, if I do not find an option without a child, I may contact you.

mko *

24.01.2010 15:05

I’m leaving work.

Anonymous

24.01.2010 19:17

I will raise

mko *

01/25/2010 13:29

I’ll raise it.

mko *

26.01.2010 12:58

PM

Tamata *

Open in forum

Babysitting services Dushanbe – order on the classifieds website Somon.tj

Reset

TOP ads

Babysitting services

ASSALOMU ALAYKUM DAR HONAI KHUDAM KUDAK NIGOH MEKUNAM HAM SHABONA HAM RUZONA! SHAROITHI HONA KHUB BAROI ODAMGOE KI RUZHOI SHANBE YAKSHAB BA MEHMONI MERAVAND HAMIN RUZHODAM NIGOH MEKUNAM! ADDRESS 9_ KILOMETER

08. 02.2023 04:43,
Dushanbe

Babysitting services

man zani 45 sola internship 5 sola dar honai hoodam nigohu bin mekunam zani oromtabiat hushmuomila wa kudak dustdor mebosham.

09.02.2023 11:24,
Dushanbe

Regular announcements

• Babysitting services

  Nanny meshham dar khonai hudam honam dar 102mk, experience of kori 14sol.

  Yesterday 12:05,
  Dushanbe

• Services of a caregiver

  I love children. I can prepare a child for school from the age of 4, teach Russian, open the world of beauty to a child. I am interested in children, and they are interested in me. We will agree on payment.

  13.02.2023 21:52,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  Nanny 1500sm Opening hours from 9.00-18.00. Day off – Saturday, Sunday. Work experience is great

  02/13/2023 20:49,
  Dushanbe

• Nurse services

  housekeeper

  12.02.2023 18:01,
  Dushanbe

• org/Product”>

  Babysitting services

  Caring and Active CALL AT ANY TIME FOR DETAILED INFORMATION!!!

  11.02.2023 22:46,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  I will babysit at home at 91 md. I will look after the child from 5 months and above, responsible, I will prepare everything in time.

  11.02.2023 17:37,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  Man zani honashin dar khonai hud kudakonro nigoh mekunam suroga shahri Dushanbe nazdi cinematetri Watan khaki hizmat 1000 somoni

  11. 02.2023 16:32,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  babysitting services

  11.02.2023 14:05,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  nanny zang zanen maslikhat mekunem

  10.02.2023 11:44,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  I will be a babysitter at home. I live. in 112 md. Bake 2. Payment is negotiable. Details by phone

  09.02.2023 21:11,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  man zani 45 sola internship 5 sola dar honai hoodam nigohu bin mekunam zani oromtabiat hushmuomila wa kudak dustdor mebosham.

  09.02.2023 11:24,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  Kudak dar honai khdim nigoh mekunim az 5 mokha to maktabi, az soati 7 to 18-ibegh 50s, address former green bazaar near shakhri traffic police 5 years experience

  09. 02.2023 09:18,
  Dushanbe

• Nanny

  Experienced home nanny with over 7 years of experience, Active and patient Caring and organized CALL ANYTIME FOR DETAILS!!!

  02/08/2023 13:10,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  dar honai hudam kudak nigoh mekunam dar sadbarg

  08.02.2023 11:30,
  Dushanbe

• org/Product”>

  Babysitting services

  ASSALOMU ALAYKUM DAR HONAI KHUDAM KUDAK NIGOH MEKUNAM HAM SHABONA HAM RUZONA! SHAROITHI HONA KHUB BAROI ODAMGOE KI RUZHOI SHANBE YAKSHAB BA MEHMONI MERAVAND HAMIN RUZHODAM NIGOH MEKUNAM! ADDRESS 9_ KILOMETER

  08.02.2023 04:43,
  Dushanbe

• babysitting service

  babysitter at home

  02/07/2023 21:22,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting Services

  SALOM KUDAK NIGO MEKUNAM 24 SOAT HAM HOHED NIGOH MEKUNEM HONAI HUDAM SHAROIT HONA HUB . ZABONI RUSI VA ANGLISIRO HAM MEOMUZONAM MARHAMAT ZANG ZANED

  02/07/2023 19:49,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  We will agree on the price of a Russian -speaking nanny with experience in this area. The nanny and nurse with a child does not have a meaning that it does not live at home near the center and an hourly approach to your child

  07.02.2023 15:33:00 ,
  Dushanbe

• babysitting service

  nanny dar honai hoodam

  07. 02.2023 01:36,
  Dushanbe

• Nursing and babysitting services

  Nurse and nanny, price per month

  06.02.2023 08:54,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  Babysitting services

  05.02.2023 22:08,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitters

  Kudak nigoh mekunam dar honai hudamon. Khonai mod dar Trade union ast.50 somon

  05.02.2023 19:49,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  I will be a babysitter at home. For more information call

  05.02.2023 18:26,
  Dushanbe

• babysitting service

  Hello dear mothers! My name is Gulnora. I offer my babysitting services. Work schedule from 08:00 to 21:00 (I can be a nanny for an hour) Salary from 1500. Age 53 years. Secondary special education. More than 5 years experience. The age of the child is from 6 months to three years. Address borbad street (next to mardon) Kind, hardworking, clean, Russian-speaking, absolutely free person! I’ll be a nanny at home call. Other information call

  05.02.2023 15:36,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  kudak nigoh meknm az 8mokha to maktabi yes honai xdm yo yes noiseo fark nodora. tachribai chand sola dorm

  04.02.2023 22:36,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  kudak nigo meknm ai 3 then 6 solar

  04. 02.2023 17:22,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  Russian-speaking, clean, kind, no bad habits. 40 years old I will be a nanny at home for a child 1.5 – 2 years old and above. 4 of your kids. 6 years of work experience + experience from raising their children. Great food, lunchtime naps, outdoor walks, preparation for school. Saturday Sunday days off. The working day is from 8 to 6. I live 46 microns near the gymnasium 74. Your children will not be bored with us …

  02/04/2023 13:50,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  dar honai hudam nigoh mekunum az 6 moha to shashsola ba hamin zang zanen

  04. 02.2023 13:47,
  Dushanbe

• Nurse services

  child caregiver views at home

  02/03/2023 19:44,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  Hello I Will Be A Nanny At Home A Family Woman👨‍👩‍👧‍👧 A Nanny With Work Experience You Can On ⏰. An hour Or two or three days You can ➡ Around the clock.✌ You can call 08:00 to 21:00 🙏💕 😍😍😍

  03.02.2023 09:56,
  Dushanbe

• org/Product”>

  Babysitting services

  I will be a nanny work experience 5 years

  02.02.2023 19:18,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  Russian-speaking nanny with work experience.

  02.02.2023 19:18,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  Clean, no bad habits, punctual, I know Russian and English, I can study, I get along well with children, stress-resistant, decent.

  02.02.2023 18:43,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  nanny honaba khama conditions hast experience kori doram 5 sol honai toza garmak havoi toza mebaroram khurokkhoi bolazat zaboni russi Uzbek medonam malumoti beshtar tariqi phone. Narkh baroi moss

  02/01/2023 17:48,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  kudak nigoh mekunam dar honai hudam

  31.01.2023 10:55,
  Dushanbe

• org/Product”>

  Babysitting services

  zani 35 sol kudaka da honai hudam nigohu bin mekunam. sharoichi hona 100 foz dar tarafoi center (Auchan)

  30.01.2023 15:17,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  Man zani honashin dar honai hud nigoh mekunam 💕800 from mohon

  29.01.2023 21:10,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  I am a teacher and a speech therapist with 5 years of experience I speak Russian Tajik languages ​​I have lessons with children in preparation for school. the city of Dushanbe massage with children with disabilities and I also have experience with him

  29.01.2023 18:16,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  Nanny kor mekunam, honai hudamba nigohubin mekunam, tachribai chandinsolai bo kudakoni sinu salt gunogong doram. Suroga: landmark Mayakovsky,

  29.01.2023 12:43,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  Az se sola bolo to shash sola.dar honai hud Nigoh mekunam !toza ozoda shkami ser va orom.

  26.01.2023 20:02,
  Dushanbe

• Nanny

  man zani 43 sola sohibi 3 farzand qudakdusdor hastam

  26.01.2023 12:01,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  I will babysit at home housewife teacher

  25.01.2023 22:37,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  kudak nigoh mekunam dar honai hudam soataki shubu ruz khurdanu tozagisha khushru nigoh mekunam chand kudakiham boshad az uhdashon mebrom

  22. 01.2023 21:37,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  I will be a nanny at home) I live at 82 microdistrict) I have work experience) The price is negotiable)

  22.01.2023 17:41,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  I will look after a child from 3 to 6 years old at home, neat, I can do it by the day!

  21.01.2023 13:01,
  Dushanbe

• org/Product”>

  Babysitting services

  I will be a nanny at home I live in the center

  19.01.2023 22:35,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  nanny bo tachribai kori

  01/17/2023 13:58,
  Dushanbe

• Nurse services

  RESIDENTIAL CARER FOR THE ELDERLY.3000c (price only for Dushanbe). -Companion -Russian speaking -Kind -Calm -Clean -Punctual -Positive in life. Without bad habbits. 47 years old. Detailed information by phone (call specific people). babysitter, nurse

  01/13/2023 13:10,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  Man zani 26 solai shavhar va farzanddor hastam. Hatmkardai donishgohi tibby mebosham. Kudakatonro dar honai hoodam nigoh mekunam ruzona va ham shabona. Honai Man dar car center 9 floorshoi pushti Humobonk bo hama sharoichi hubi zist toza va orom. Wada mediham Ki kudaki shumo dar choi va dasti bovarinok hohad bud😊

  01/11/2023 09:30,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  Hello dear parents nanny at home, you can work around the clock for 2 years Zarafshon near Ecology

  01/09/2023 17:58,
  Dushanbe

• org/Product”>

  Babysitting services

  I will be a nanny at home I live at a brewery conditions for a baby I can study Russian with a baby price is negotiable

  01/08/2023 11:59,
  Dushanbe

• Nursing and babysitting services

  Nurse with experience

  08.01.2023 11:25,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  Russian-speaking nanny, educated, calm, stress-resistant and very responsible nanny with 8 years of experience working with children of different ages, I will be a nanny at your place, I can help around the house (cooking, ironing, tidying up the room)

  01/08/2023 02:25,
  Dushanbe

• org/Product”>

  babysitting service

  I will be a nanny at my home work experience 15 years address near Arbat 91 microdistrict

  21.12.2022 08:39,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting service at home

  know Russian

  12/17/2022 10:46,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services at home

  at home 65 microdistrict, a nanny with work experience and medical education

  13.12.2022 10:24,
  Dushanbe

• org/Product”>

  Babysitter at home

  Hello, dear parents Nanya is at home, she has work experience. I love children and understand their language🥰 I live in Dushanbe, microdistrict 61, near Dunya Nav. We have all the conditions Contractual price call

  12.12.2022 14:45,
  Dushanbe

• Babysitting services

  I will be a nanny at home or it doesn’t matter to you. I am clean and comfortable. I have all the conditions at home. I love children.

  11.12.2022 07:27,
  Dushanbe

Do Guys Go To Baby Showers? Dad’s Reliable Advice You Need To Know First • Parent Portfolio

Stop Living Paycheck-To-Paycheck and start building wealth for your family!

Real estate investing is a great way to take control of your financial destiny…

Sign up, and I’ll send you a value-packed lesson from my real estate investing course!

Affiliate Links

Traditionally, baby showers have been only for ladies. However, we live in a time where parents are taking equal roles of responsibility. For soon-to-be fathers or women invited to a friend’s baby shower, commonly ask the question, “Do guys go to baby showers?”

As a father of two lively kids, I’ll share with you my personal opinion and my experience with my tribe of dads. Then, we can finally put this question to bed, rewrite the etiquette book, and change history!

Do Fathers Attend Baby Showers?

As more fathers desire to be more involved in their children’s lives, it’s common for fathers to attend the baby shower. Although they are not physically pregnant, they too want to celebrate becoming a father and entering parenthood. 

When my wife and I were trying to get pregnant, it didn’t quickly happen. We tried for about a year, had a minor miscarriage, and sought professional advice.

And, although it was an extremely emotional and stressful period for my wife, I was alongside her, also riding the same ride. 

So, once that home pregnancy test said we were pregnant, you can imagine my disbelief. I was afraid of a false-positive result. 

However, when the doctor’s office confirmed we were officially pregnant, you better believe how much I was already committed to being a part of my child’s life.

Want to buy a gift for a new dad? Check out this Special Engraved Keepsake or this Established Dad Mug.

Special Dad Engraved Keepsake

Established Dad Mug

Do Guys Go Baby Showers?

Yes, guys go to baby showers. I attended several baby showers for my guy friends and had my male friends attend my baby shower. However, if the question is, “Are guys allowed to go to the baby shower?” Then, the answer is “It depends.”

A general good rule of thumb is to ask, “Is the father attending the baby shower?” If yes, then it’s a safe assumption that guys are allowed to attend the baby shower. Otherwise, the guys can hang out somewhere else.

Either way, it’s an excellent way for experienced dads to share their wisdom, such as how to handle a witching your baby. Also, it’s a form of bonding, similar to how some men hold bachelor parties. Men attend a baby shower to support their best man!

What Do Guys Bring To A Baby Shower?

If you’re a guy and want to bring gifts but are unsure where to begin, ask if there is a gift registry. The dad and mom-to-be list items they would like to have for their new baby. However, if you want to give your best friend a funny dad gift, I’m sure they will laugh and appreciate it.

If they haven’t announced if they are expecting a boy or a girl, give gifts that are gender neutral.  

Otherwise, you can never go wrong with gifting diapers for the new baby. A newborn will quickly go through all the diapers from the diaper party.

Why Are Guys Not Allowed at Baby Showers?

In a traditional baby shower, it was not common for men to attend a baby shower. Back then, women took on the heavier role of raising the children. So, the fathers excused themselves from this activity to allow the mother to be the main focus of the shower.

However, I’ve seen my female friends continue the tradition of a ”ladies only” baby shower but not in any way to discount the father’s role in rearing the child. Instead, it was a way for friends to celebrate this momentous life event.

Here are some reasons why sometimes men are not allowed at baby showers:

Pregnancy Talk

Typically, baby showers involve pregnancy talk in a traditional ceremony. And, No matter how much fathers or husbands try to be understanding of their partner, there are some things that we can’t begin to relate to, in particular, experiencing being pregnant. For this reason, women don’t invite men to baby showers.

Honestly, I fully understand. I love supporting my wife. But, when it comes to those conversations, I wouldn’t be able to contribute. Additionally, every nerve in my body may get a shock from some of the details shared amongst the ladies.

Add giving birth on top of all of it. There is no way I can equate that hard work. So, I call my wife a trooper cause I can never do what she did (twice).

Celebrating Motherhood

A new mom deserves to feel special. Like how guys have their dad tribe, an expectant mother will also have their female circle. 

Similarly, a “ladies only” baby shower is an excellent opportunity to share personal stories and experiences about being a mother. These talks are helpful to prepare for kids who may be strong-willed or have questions about breast pumping.

Social Event

Cyndi Lauper said it best with her song, “Girls just want to have fun.” Depending on who sets up the baby shower, people can liken a baby shower to a party.

I recall as a child many years ago attending a baby show because the hosts invited my mother. My mom is a single parent. So, it’s natural that she brought me along.

Aside from receiving baby essentials as gifts, they played party games. As a child peeking from another room, it was strange. But, as an adult, I understand that some girls want to have fun. It was enough reason not to include men.

“Calling all sassy grandmas!”

Are Baby Showers Only For Ladies?

Baby showers don’t have to be only for ladies. Although it’s still okay to only have a ladies-only baby shower, It’s become more commonplace for guys to attend.

So, if you’re planning a baby shower, figure out if you want the baby shower to be female-only for the new mom or a co-ed baby shower. Then, when it comes to making invitations, you can make subtle hints not to offend anyone.

For example, if you’re planning a co-ed baby shower, the baby shower invitations can say, “Ladies, bring your significant other. ” On the other hand, for a ladies-only baby shower, the invitation can read, “Want to escape from your husband?” or “Leave the boys at home and party!”

Can Baby Showers Be Co-ed?

Yes, baby showers can be co-ed! A co-ed baby shower is an excellent opportunity for both parents to recognize that they’ll be working together in rearing a child.

During the opening of gifts in our co-ed baby shower, my wife saved one particular gift for last. I came to find that my wife prepared a special gift for me. It was a set composed of a hat, mug, t-shirt, and scrubs that all said “New Dad” on it.

As a dad to be, it was one of the most thoughtful gifts in my life!

If you’re trying to host a coed baby shower and trying to figure out how to include everyone on your guest list, plan activities, fun games, and food that everyone would love. 

What Do Guys Do During a Baby Shower?

If you think there’s nothing for guys to do at a baby shower, you’re sadly mistaken. I consider myself an introvert and found myself participating in various activities. Guys can either be passive or active in their participation in baby showers.

Here are a few passive activities for guys to do at a baby shower:

Eat

If there are no games planned for the guys, they can still enjoy their time when you offer them free food. What guy turns down free food? Even the shy types can stuff their mouth full without feeling the pressure to talk.

As for baby shower food ideas, you can never go wrong with barbeques, burgers, and pizza. 

Watching Sport

Watching sports on TV is another way for guys to feel comfortable. Whether it’s the NBA or a college sport, guys will watch it as long as a team passes a ball. So hand them a drink alongside their burger, and you got yourself a satisfied guest.

Billiards and Ping Pong

What is it about shooting pool that men find so entertaining? After every college class, I would find myself in the school game room playing billiards or ping pong. If a pool table or ping pong table is available, it’s enough entertainment for the guys to watch and feel included. 

7 Activities To Include Guys  In A Baby Shower

Are you looking for baby shower ideas? Then, check out these baby shower games your family members and loved ones will love.

1. Stroller Racing

Every father loves a good race. Give them a stroller, and you’ve got “Fast & the Fatherly.” All you need is at least two strollers, a set path to race around, and you’re ready to go!

2. Baby Food Guessing Game

Trying to get kids to eat their vegetables can be a task. However, you won’t get what it tastes like unless you try. In this game, couples are blindfolded while eating the mystery baby food and try to guess what it could be. Open wide!

3. Tinkle In The Pot

Another kind of race men will never experience is racing to the bathroom while being pregnant. Well, not until now!

For fun, stuff a balloon in the men’s shirt and place a ball between their legs. The goal is to get from one point to another while still holding the ball between your thighs.

Trust me. If you’re looking for a time to laugh, this game is the one!

4. Blindfold Diapering

After changing so many diapers late at night with my first baby, you would think I can do it blindfolded. But, unfortunately, I still need both eyes when changing my kids.

For a baby shower, have the guys blindfolded and try to change a diaper on a doll. If only kids knew how to stay still in real life.

5. Bottoms Up Baby Bottle

If you’re looking for a drinking game, put your favorite beverage in a bottle and see who can drink it down the fastest. Of course, I’m not saying what should be in the bottle for the game. However, men attending a baby shower should expect to be drinking milk.

6. Pin The Sperm On The Egg

Have you played the game “pin the tail on the donkey” when you were younger? Then, the game  “pin the sperm on the egg” should not be a problem to learn. Instead of a tail, you’ll have to create something else.

First, blindfold your guest. Next, spin them around while the crowd cheers them on during the whole process.

7. Bobbing for Bottle Nipples

As for another traditional game, you can take the game bobbing for apples and convert it into “Bobbing for Bottle Nipples.” 

Place a couple of bottle nipples in a large bucket of water and let the flow. Next, have the guys try to capture the bottle nipples with their mouths. 

You might have to give a heads up and let them know to pack a towel and an extra change of clothes. Those who are determined to win may be the ones most soaked.

Additionally, they make hilarious party favors!

Final Thoughts

Do guys go to baby showers? Yes, men go to baby showers.

As more dads work toward being more present in every step of their child’s life, it’s become common to see them take part in the baby shower. Additionally, their male guests are more than willing to support their friend in this new chapter in his life.

Thus, if you’re expecting parents hosting a coed shower, plan activities where everyone can participate regardless of gender roles. There are several things, active and passive activities, that guys can do to have a great time.

Are you still on the fence about attending? Or, are you hosting a baby shower and looking for ideas? Which activities sound best for your couple’s shower?

WANT YOUR 1ST INVESTMENT PROPERTY?

$84.15 $99.00

We started from not having any clue where to begin to acquiring three investment properties in 18 months, grossing over $4,000 per month… and we can show you how we did it!

We know what it’s like to be in your shoes. So, let us show you how to go from being “clueless” about real estate investing to acquiring your first property and beyond!

Baby Shower Etiquette for 2022

During the mom-to-be’s pregnancy journey, baby showers are one of the most memorable events she’ll take part in! Between being showered with gifts for baby-to-be and indulging in sweet baby shower games, a baby shower is a special occasion that allows the mom-to-be to catch up with her supportive loved ones and reflect before she enters motherhood. Baby shower planning might seem confusing at first since there are certain tips to follow and baby shower etiquette guidelines to keep in mind. You may have questions such as, who should host a baby shower or who pays for a baby shower? However, once you learn the do’s and don’ts on how to throw a successful baby shower, your expectations as a hostess will be easier than you think. Throw the perfect baby shower with the perfect baby shower gifts and baby shower invitations for your amazing baby shower.

If you’re in need of a specific baby shower etiquette FAQ, skip to a specific section below to find your answer directly:

• When Should the Baby Shower Be Held?
• Where Should the Baby Shower Be Held?
• Who Do You Invite to a Baby Shower?
• Can the Dad to Be and Men Attend the Baby Shower?
• Should You Choose a Baby Shower Theme?
• What Information Goes on the Baby Shower Invitation?
• Who Should Guests RSVP to?
• When to Send Baby Shower Invitations?
• What Do You Do at a Baby Shower?
• When Should the Guest of Honor Send Thank You Notes?

When Should the Baby Shower Be Held?

Baby showers can be held anytime between the sixth or eighth month of the mom-to-be’s pregnancy. If you’re counting by weeks, 28-32 weeks is an ideal time to host a baby shower. Before setting an official date, you should talk with the mom-to-be and make sure the prospective date works for her since she’ll likely have scheduled doctor’s appointments on her calendar. She’ll also be able to let you know the gender of the baby which can influence many of your baby shower specifics. You can also go the extra mile and check the date with grandparents and other close family members who are important in the mom’s life.

Where Should the Baby Shower Be Held?

Baby showers can be held at a variety of places, but are usually held at the home of the mom-to-be or the hostess. However, you can also hold the baby shower at another family member’s home if that’s more preferable. If you plan on inviting more than 35 guests, you should consider renting out a local venue or private room at a restaurant to accommodate all of your attendees.

Who Do You Invite to a Baby Shower?

Close friends and family members should be invited to the baby shower. You should always consult with the mom-to-be on the guestlist though, just in case she has any co-workers or friends she wants to add to the list. The mom-to-be also may have a few people she doesn’t want to attend so it’s a good idea to run the final guest list by her before sending out invitations. If you have a few distant but extremely important relatives who are unable to attend, you can consider Skyping them during the mom-to-be thank you speech.

Can the Dad to Be and Men Attend the Baby Shower?

While traditional baby showers consist of women only, co-ed baby showers are becoming more and more common. However, if you’re looking to throw a traditional baby shower and still have the dad-to-be attend, this is completely acceptable and appropriate as most dad-to-be’s will want to thank guests before they leave.

Should You Choose a Baby Shower Theme?

Yes, you should choose a baby shower theme to help make your planning process easier. Baby showers require a lot of work and organization. Choosing a baby shower theme can help you make decisions faster, since your theme will unify your baby shower decoration ideas, cake ideas, and baby shower invitation designs. Plus, baby shower themes feel festive and the mom-to-be will be overjoyed by your attention to detail and the thought of it all. You can explore a variety of boy baby shower themes and girl baby shower themes, or you can opt for a gender neutral theme like a safari-themed baby shower.

What Information Goes on the Baby Shower Invitation?

Before sending out baby shower invitations, double-check to make sure you have all the necessary information listed on the invite. The following items will help guests save the baby shower date, dress accordingly, and RSVP on time:

• • • Name of Mom-To-Be and host(s)
    • Location
    • Date
    • Directions
    • Phone number of main host
    • RSVP (provide information on how to RSVP)
    • Registry information for baby shower
    • Theme of the baby shower (if applicable)
    • Dress code (formal or casual)
    • Specify if the guests need to bring anything
    • Specify if the baby shower is adults only

Who Should Guests RSVP to?

Guests should RSVP with the hostess of the baby shower, not the mom-to-be. The mom-to-be won’t be managing invites most likely so if you list a return address on the invite, be sure to list the return address of the hostess, in addition to providing a corresponding contact number.

When to Send Baby Shower Invitations?

Baby shower invitations should be sent out four to six weeks before the baby shower occurs, according to standard baby shower etiquette. You’ll want to send baby shower invites out early to account for loved ones or friends who may be traveling from out of town to attend the baby shower. Find more tips to complete your timeline using our guide on when to send baby shower invitations.

What Do You Do at a Baby Shower?

The purpose of a baby shower is for family and friends to shower the parents-to-be with gifts and needs for the baby. Baby showers help the parents-to-be get a head start on items such as diapers, baby clothes, and more. However, there is plenty more to do at a baby shower before the gift giving segment. In addition to setting up hors d’oeuvres and drinks, the hostess can set aside time for guests to play fun baby shower games that are interactive and keep your guests entertained. Additionally, you can set up advice cards or a message wall where guests can write down words of wisdom for the mom-to-be. It is also standard for the mom-to-be, dad-to-be, hostess, and grandparents to give brief speeches and share their sentiments towards the end of the baby shower. Lastly, don’t forget to send guests off with cute baby shower favors as baby shower etiquette.

When Should the Guest of Honor Send Thank You Notes?

The honoree should send thank you notes to her baby shower attendees two to three weeks after the baby shower. Sending out thank you cards for gifts you received is a highly recommended gesture after a baby shower has occurred and is proper baby shower etiquette. If your little one arrives early though, take your time with sending out baby shower thank you cards until you’re settled in with baby. If you’re unable to send out thank you cards prior to your birth, you can also include a thank you message about your gifts when sending out your custom birth announcements. Be sure to designate someone to write down who gave which gifts, during the gift opening segment at the baby shower, so the mom-to-be can easily follow along with what to write in a baby shower thank you card later.

If you’re hosting a baby shower, make sure you ask close family members and friends of the honoree to pitch in financially and lend some help the day of the baby shower. Although you’re responsible for planning the baby shower and making sure it goes well, you’ll need a bit of help to honor the mom-to-be. Remember to also have some fun yourself at the baby shower and share a smile with the blooming honoree.

Did you find out the gender of the baby? Let’s throw a party! – All about holidays

There is a great holiday in America called the gender reveal party. After learning the gender of the unborn child, parents throw a party to inform friends and family about it. In some cases, even parents do not fully know who will be born to them, entrusting the organization of the holiday to one of their relatives.

Invitation

We all know that any holiday should start with an invitation. There is no celebration without guests. Invitation cards or cards can be made by yourself using thick cardboard, pink and blue satin ribbons , confetti . You can design decoupage invitation cards using clippings from motherhood magazines or printed pictures from the Internet. You don’t have to make the same invitations. Guests will be pleased to receive something individual and it is interesting to look at the invitations of other guests. You can also make an invitation layout in graphic programs or use ready-made templates by entering your data there. Put pink and blue in the invitation envelope confetti so that it is immediately clear to the invitees which party they are invited to.

Home and table decoration

Where does the house begin? From the front door. Decorate it in holiday style. You can hang an arch of blue and pink balloons in above the door. These colors are optional, you can of course choose others. Immediately upon entering, prepare guests for voting and competition. Cut out the words “What do you think, who will be born: a girl or a boy?” from cardboard or colored paper. Also use 9 for decoration0012 garlands flags. If the party is taking place outdoors, then you can use disposable tableware in blue and pink colors or with images of babies. At home, you can put ordinary dishes of the desired colors on the table, lay out napkins and cocktail straws in blue and pink tones. Very tasty and beautiful mastic sweets with pink and blue filling will come in handy. You can also put cups with pink and blue M&Ms on the table as a treat, decorate the glasses with ribbons.

Competitions and voting

So, the guests are full. It’s time for the gender competition. Let’s start with a real vote. For example, place two jars filled with pink and blue marbles on the voting table. And next to it, put two more jars with stickers “Girl” and “Boy”. Each guest can come up, take marbles and vote for who will be born to future parents.

You can use voting as a way to come up with a name for the baby. Also install two beautiful jars or boxes with inscriptions, put pieces of paper and pencils next to them. Let the guests come up with the name of the baby and throw it into the box. Arrange a real debate, where each guest must say why he thinks that a child of this gender will be born, and not another. Record the results on a slate board with pink and blue crayons.

Methods for declaring the sex of the child

The most popular way is to enclose the answer about the child’s gender in a birthday cake. Ask the sonographer not to tell you the gender of the baby, but write it down on a piece of paper and put it in an envelope. Now this envelope will be a kind of technical task for the baker. Pass the envelope to the baker and ask them to make the filling of the cake, depending on who is listed on the sheet. In order not to accidentally find out the gender of the child, you can ask someone close to order a birthday cake. The whole holiday you will be in anticipation of cutting the cake and, together with the guests, will find out the gender of your child. You can not only soak the filling with the desired dye, but also ask the pastry chef to pour blue or pink M&Ms into the center of the cake.

The second most popular way to tell the baby’s gender is a box filled with balloons of the color you want. This method is good for a party in nature, and for a home celebration. The mechanism of action is the same: contact a holiday agency that can organize such a surprise, transfer information about the sex of the child to them. You can also make your own balloon box. Need to find somewhere a large cardboard box and beautifully decorate it with paper cut or simply written words “Girl or boy?”, “Guess who?” and so on. Fill the box with balloons inflated with helium. And at the right time, open the box. Balloons will fly into the sky, telling the gender of the baby with all their colors. Don’t forget to capture this moment for a family photo album!

Another interesting way is a piñata filled with pink or blue confetti. Of course, you should not force your mother to break the piñata, let the future father try. The color of the confetti will tell who the expectant mother is expecting. The piñata can be filled not only with confetti, but also with various gifts for the baby, because now its gender is known, and you can safely fill the piñata with booties, nipples, rattles and other accessories for the baby.

There are still a lot of original ideas for declaring the sex of the child. For example, a balloon filled with confetti of the color that indicates the baby’s gender can come to the rescue. Mom and dad take needles and pop the balloon! This is quite a budget and also a very nice option.

Some parents-to-be from America came up with a very creative way of telling guests the gender of the baby. The couple met on the street when future husband Mike asked the girl he liked for chewing gum. So they came up with the idea to tell about the sex of the child with the help of chewing gum. The wedding photographer asked them to close their eyes and gave them some blue gum. When the future parents opened their eyes, they realized that they were expecting a boy.

Thanks to the guests

Now that the gender of the baby is known, you can give all guests cute bonbonnieres with gifts in the form of booties, strollers, baby bottles. In addition to small presents, bonbonnieres can also be used as invitations to a baby shower.

Calgary Birthday Party Guide

Birthdays are fun for kids, but they can be a lot of work for parents! Between sorting food and gifts, it can be tricky to come up with fun ideas your kids will love for an unforgettable birthday party. But you also want something that won’t stress you out. Take a look at our Calgary Birthday Party Guide for Family Fun to find out what parties kids love and make your life just a little bit easier!

Butterfield Acres Birthday Parties

Do you have a little animal lover in your life? Birthdays are the perfect time to make them say, “AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!” Birthday parties are held at Butterfield Acres Farm. . . OR you can stay at home, relax and the farm will come to you! What could be more fun than seeing your child’s eyes light up on their birthday? Organize a party that requires very little effort from you!

Read more about this here.

---

Missoula MT Lifestyle and event photographer, flying squirrel, birthday party, night owl images delight at the sight of trampolines?! And when you combine trampolines and for an amazing birthday party with friends, you just can’t go wrong! Flying Squirrel throws the birthday parties you need this year; it’s epic fun for kids and it’s so easy for you! Flying Squirrel is family fun that gives kids the opportunity to take a break from video games and engage in active and healthy fun. You are never too old or too young to have a great time

Read more about this here.

---

Granary Road Birthday Parties

Fresh air and sunshine, amazing playgrounds and adorable animals – what could be better than a birthday party?! Whether you have small kids, big kids, or something in between, Granary Road birthday parties offer the very best in kid-friendly entertainment. With a wide range of activities and entertainment (like Yesteryear minigolf and an active learning park with some of the most amazing playgrounds), it’s easy to plan an unforgettable birthday party!

Read more about this here.

---

Anniversary birthday parties

Birthdays are the main event of the child’s year. Cake and gifts, games and holiday favors – what’s not to like? But after years of hosting the same run-of-the-mill birthday party in your backyard or living room, it’s time to think outside the box. Anniversary birthday parties are unique, perfect for kids of all ages, and easy and fun for you too!

Read more about this here.

---

Pegasus Gymnastics Birthdays

What could be better than celebrating a birthday? Have gymnastics birthday party! Plan an amazing and memorable birthday for your child this year with a fun party from Pegasus Gymnastics. And what could be better than a birthday party where kids can run, jump, roll and play? That’s right – a birthday party that makes life easier for busy parents!

Read more about this here.

---

Trico Center Birthdays

Birthday parties are magical, aren’t they? But birthdays are a lot of work for mom and dad! Sometimes you need a little help in your busy life, but still ensure a happy day for your child. This is where the Trico Family Health Center comes in! Birthday parties at Trico Center are natural fun for kids and a great place for parents to throw a light party.

Read more about this here.

---

Wilder Institute/Calgary Zoo Birthdays

Kids go crazy for birthdays, no matter the age! Want to know how to make your next birthday special without stress and clutter in your living room? Plan a Wilder Institute/Calgary Zoo birthday party where your little ones can have fun with lions, visit penguins, or view dinosaurs. This is the perfect place for children of all ages, in the company of their closest friends and beloved animals.

Read more about this here.

---

In the end, most parents just want to sigh and feel that their kids had fun and felt special on their birthday.

Chicago, IL Babysitting Jobs – UrbanSitter

Looking for Chicago babysitting jobs? Earn extra cash by helping extra nice families with UrbanSitter. Apply today for occasional babysitting gigs, part-time or full-time babysitting jobs!

Family needs a caretaker starting Thursday, Feb 16 (flexible) in Naperville – $25/hr

There are caretakers and then there are those who truly become an extension of your family. My husband and I work remotely from home. We are looking for a long-term, loving nanny to care for our two…

Apply

Seeking an experienced babysitter Thursday, Feb 16 at 7:30 AM – 9:30 AM – $23/hr

Hours flexible and can be extended if desired by sitter. I need 1-2hrs childcare so I can attend a school event from 8-8:30am for an older child.

Apply

Family needs a caretaker starting Friday, Feb 17 in Little Italy – $25/hr

In search of an amazing weekend partl time early bird nanny! The ideal candidate is loving, dependable and experienced working with infants and toddlers. Spanish speaker a plus.
Children: One…

Apply

Seeking an experienced caretaker starting Friday, Feb 17 in Hyde Park – $30/hr

I am looking for a safe and reliable sitter to take my daughter to and from school every other week for three days. The sitter can use my vehicle which is fully insured and will have the proper…

Apply

Sitter required Saturday, Feb 18, 6:00pm – 11:45pm – $20/hr

Looking last minute for a sitter 2/18. We do have two larger dogs in the house. I’d like to try to find a day this week where you can come by for maybe two hours (obviously paid) for everyone to meet…

Apply

Part Time nanny needed starting Monday, Feb 20 – $15/hr

We are a fun loving family looking to have childcare for our little one on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Wednesdays.

Apply

Nanny job available starting Monday, Feb 20 – $22/hr

Looking for morning care for 2 children ages 5 and 8. Job would entail getting them ready for school and dropping them off at school Monday-Thursday morning. The school is less than 3 miles from the…

Apply

Part Time nanny position available starting Monday, Feb 20 in Riverside – $20/hr

Looking for a part-time sitter for my children, ages 8 and 5. Hours would be Monday, Wednesday, and Thursday (2:30-6:30), and Tuesday (2:30-5:30). Must have transportation to pick kids up from…

Apply

Family looking for a caretaker starting Tuesday, Feb 21

Looking for care for 3 children. 1 year old will need the most attention, 4 year old will need to be taken to and from preschool, and 11 year old is mostly self-sufficient.

Apply

Seeking an experienced caretaker starting Tuesday, Feb 21 in Darien – $20/hr

Hello potential sitters!!
We are looking for childcare and will mostly be for the 1 YO. She is a very well tempered and a happy baby. Looking for someone who likes to engage and interact with the…

Apply

for UrbanSitter to apply for Chicago babysitting jobs

Babysitting Jobs in San Antonio

3 children
(Toddler and Baby)

I have 4 kids. the oldest in schoo is gonna be 7l. youngest 11 months middle children will be going to school in August they are gonna be 5 and 4. good kids, just tryna get my availability..

Last activity: 4 weeks ago

$11.00/hr

2 children
(Toddler and Gradeschooler)

I have a 7 yr old and a 2 yr old both are great little girls. my 7 yr old is in 1st grade and learning dual language. My 2 yr old is in daycare and is a great little girl. If you have..

Last activity: 4 weeks ago

$15.00/hr

1 child
(Toddler)

Looking to hire a wonderful candidate for a caregiver position. Flexible work schedule. This is a long term position. Message me and we can discuss further. Looking forward to..

Last activity: yesterday

$20.00/hr

1 child
(Baby)

We are looking for a trustworthy babysitter to watch our son twice a week for 3 hours while I get online school work or housework done from home or run errands outside of the home. ..

Last activity: 1 month ago

$20.00/hr

1 child
(Teenager)

I’m a single mom and looking for someone to babysit my son occasionally. I’m hoping for them to be able to enforce rules and discipline if needed. I’d like for y’all to be able to..

Last activity: 1 month ago

$20.00/hr

1 child
(Preschooler)

We have a 4 yr old little girl. Her name is Abby, and she is friendly and enjoys watching Blippie and Steve and Maggie shows. Just looking for a baby sitter for nights out on the weekends…

Last activity: 1 month ago

$17.00/hr

2 children
(Gradeschooler)

I need someone to be here in my home for when my kids get dropped off the bus at 3:20 pm. Most days I will get out at 5 and other nights when I stay late, finace will be home by 9…

Last activity: 2 months ago

$14. 00/hr

2 children
(Toddler)

We are Mexican and Colombian American family. We have two beautiful boys. Age 2/1. Main language in our house is Spanish. We currently don’t have any pets. We all love being outside..

Last activity: 2 months ago

$13.00/hr

1 child
(Toddler)

My family is a very humble family we love activities but also love our own alone adult time so we request a sitter every now and then. Our baby is 2 and a half and he is hyperactive..

Last activity: 2 months ago

$11.00/hr

2 children
(Baby and Gradeschooler)

We have an 8 month baby and a 7 year old/2nd grader. We need a live in or live out nanny to help mom with the baby up to 8 hours a day for up to five days a week. This way mom can..

Last activity: 3 months ago

$15.00/hr

2 children
(Toddler and Gradeschooler)

Will call with family details. Very easy going and kids are very easy to manage. Both parents work morings and are off at 2 and in the afternoon. Looking for care in the am and late..

Last activity: 3 months ago

$16.00/hr

1 child
(Gradeschooler)

hi I have a 6-year-old that needs to be watched while I go to work from the 22nd until a couple days before Thanksgiving my schedule from 9:00 to 5:30 she’s very energetic likes to..

Last activity: 3 months ago

$13.00/hr

1 child

Caregiver position available for hire. This is a long term position or can also be a part time position. Starting pay rate is 20$ an hour. Message for additional details or text..

Last activity: 1 month ago

$20.00/hr

1 child
(Toddler)

This user is only visible to Babysits users. Please sign up or log in to view their full profile.

Last activity: 3 days ago

$15. 00/hr

1 child
(Preschooler)

This user is only visible to Babysits users. Please sign up or log in to view their full profile.

Last activity: 1 month ago

$12.50/hr

Loading…

What documents are needed to work as a nanny: a list of what is important to know

Today it has become popular to hire a nanny to care for a minor child. Many parents leave their beloved child with a stranger in order not to lose a good job, to receive stable money to support the family, or to build their own business, which they have to spend almost all their time on.
A nanny cannot replace the parents, but if this specialist is really a good professional, he will give the child everything that is necessary for his growth, development and proper upbringing. The main thing is not to make a mistake in choosing a candidate for this position. And first of all, when choosing a nanny for a child, you should carefully check her documents.
In the article, we will consider information about what documents you need to check with a nanny for a child at the first meeting, what must be available, which is important to consider when viewing.

List of basic documents for babysitting

It is very difficult to assess the professionalism and adequacy of an employee at the first meeting. Each potential candidate for a vacant position tries to present his candidacy in the best possible light. To verify the competence of an employee, you need to ask him to present some documents, on the basis of which the employer will be able to draw certain conclusions.
Which documents should be checked first:

• passport;
• medical book;
• work book;
• certificate of no criminal record;
• education documents.

Additional documents

The list of additional documents that will also be useful for the employer to study includes letters of recommendation and other papers that characterize a person. These can be gratitude from previous jobs, portfolios, certificates and other documents that increase the competence and level of confidence in the applicant.

What is important to pay attention to when checking documents

It is necessary to check the documents of a person applying for the position of a nanny for a child with special care. Let’s take a look at the details that matter the most.

Passport

More on the topic:

Passport is the main identity document of a citizen. It is better to hire a nanny who has Russian citizenship and registration at the place of residence, or at least a valid residence permit with a work permit.
If a person lives in Russia illegally, it is better for the employer to refuse employment, because in the future there may be problems with representatives of the authorities.

Medical book, certificates

A child should be trusted by a healthy person who does not have potentially dangerous chronic, viral, infectious and mental diseases. To make sure that the chosen candidate will not pose a threat to the child, a medical book or certificates from medical institutions will help, which contains information about the physical and mental health of the applicant.
If there are no medical documents, ask the candidate for the position of a nanny for a child to undergo a small examination and take tests. Be sure to check the results of fluorography, the conclusion from the narcologist and psychiatrist.

Certificate of no criminal record

Feel free to ask a potential nanny for a certificate of no criminal record. This is a very important document on the basis of which parents can make the right decision. Needless to say, few families are ready to entrust a minor child to a person with a criminal record. This is a completely justified decision, because no one can guarantee the safety of a baby who is under the supervision of a previously convicted nanny.

Documents on education

For the position of a nanny for a child, applicants with a pedagogical education are best suited. You can also entrust the baby to a woman with a good reputation, who has an official certificate of passing special courses on the methodology of child development. It all depends on the individual requirements of parents choosing a nanny for their child.
If a job seeker with professional experience has approached you, also ask her to present a work book.

Recommendations

Letters of recommendation from a previous job can tell a lot about a person. If the applicant does not have such documents, but according to her she had a good reputation and experience in her previous job, ask to indicate in the questionnaire the contact details of the employer who can confirm the accuracy of the information provided about the competence.
Parents should not hesitate to request all the necessary documents from a person who wants to be employed as a nanny for a child. Moreover, you can make copies of verified documents and save them, because they can come in handy in any unforeseen situation.
You cannot trust the most precious thing to a stranger without having any idea and useful information about him. If a potential applicant is not ready to present documents at the request of the employer, then there is reason to think about whether it is worth hiring such a person or whether it is better to look for a nanny for a child among other candidates for this position.

What should I ask a nanny when applying for a job?

Website login

Forgot your password?

Registration

or

register

By clicking the “Register” button you consent to the processing of personal data

Helpful Hints

Author

Subscribe to the author

You will receive a notification about new articles by this author by e-mail.
You can unsubscribe from notifications at any time by clicking on a special link in the text of the letter.

subscribe

Photo source: https://www.shutterstock.com/

Choosing a nanny is an extremely responsible and difficult task for every parent. You trust this person with the most valuable thing – the comfort and safety of your child. This complicates the task so much that many parents are lost and do not know where to start when they need to hire a nanny for their child. It is possible to assess the competence and personal qualities of a candidate only during a personal interview, so the main thing for parents is to prepare a number of correct questions. Actress Tatyana Abramenko told proaist.ru about what points you should definitely check with the nanny before hiring. Tatyana is a happy mother of two daughters and knows almost everything about raising children and caring for them.

First of all, of course, the candidate for the role of a nanny should be asked about education and asked to provide supporting documents. Caring for a child, participating in his education and the formation of correct life principles for him is a whole science, and the presence of special education in this matter is mandatory. To give a child all the necessary care and do it right, you need to have sufficient knowledge in various fields, such as psychology and pediatrics, so I would recommend hiring a nanny only with the appropriate education.

Then you need to talk to the nanny about her family – this is one of the key points in determining competence. Of course, preference should be given to those candidates who themselves have children, in which case they will be with a fairly broad understanding of the profession than those who have not raised their own children.

Be sure to ask in detail about previous jobs. Specify what difficulties you had to face in the process of work, whether there were any misunderstandings with your parents and for what reason the nanny no longer works with them. Feel free to ask the nanny to share the contacts of the parents she used to work for so you can call them and get feedback.

You should also ask if she has bad habits, since a child, even at a very young age, should in no case see a bad example in his environment.

During the interview, be sure to introduce the nanny to the child and see how well she can connect with him. I must say that not all children are ready to immediately open up to a new person, and some may even rebel against being looked after by a stranger. Based on this, you should not expect only positive manifestations from the child when meeting. What needs to be done is to evaluate how patient and kind a nanny can be with your child.

During a conversation with a candidate, you should not only ask all the necessary questions and request documents, but also evaluate the communication style and inner qualities of the potential nanny. The future nanny of your child should be polite, friendly, calm and evoke only positive emotions in you and the child. Even if you have all the necessary skills, education and successful work experience, if the nanny does not leave a pleasant impression, I would not advise you to approve her candidacy.

All articles

This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute scientific material or professional medical advice. For diagnosis and treatment, please contact your doctor. See rating of doctors.

We cover all aspects of life

Fresh in section

• How to talk to a child about it?

  January 6 at 11:00 am

• Your child is being bullied. Plan A and B

  December 30 at 11:00

• Four paws and two palms: about the friendship of a child and a dog…

  December 28 at 11:00 am

• Are children guests? How to accept and let go as an adult. ..

  December 22 at 13:00

• №

  Without shouting and quarrels: how to make a child obey?

  December 19 at 09:00

• Salad “Metelka” will cleanse the body in three days

  December 14 at 10:00

• How to get rid of black spots on the face?

  December 12 at 10:05 am

• Cultivation. How to instill in a child a love of art…

  8 December at 11:10

• Home Alone Safety Rules

  Dec 7 at 3:58 pm

• How to go to the gym with a small child?

  December 5 at 10:59 am

• Natural lip scrub

  December 1 at 5:05 pm

• We clean the vessels at home

  November 30 at 17:05

All articles

Top authors
section

All authors

Increasing the birth rate and saving the country’s budget

Vasily KhudoleevAbout project

The latest news from the life of the city and not only

Interesting articles

Upbringing

Cry for help: difficult adolescent behavior

Many adults do not support the child’s aspirations to become independent. T…

Health

Rusty Pipe Syndrome: What Impurities in Milk Say…

This is a benign physiological condition that occurs in primiparous…

Upbringing

“I didn’t break my mother’s vase”: why children say n…

Children cheat out of fear, shame, personal gain. Often parents don’t know…

Health

Caffeine for the prevention of hypoxemia in preterm infants …

Caffeine has been confirmed to be effective in the prevention and treatment of sleep apnea in. ..

More articles

Helpful Hints

What to do if a child hurts other children and…

Many parents are faced with such a problem as aggression in a child. Dov…

Helpful Hints

When and how to start potty training?

Teaching a baby to relieve his need as it should be for many parents is…

Helpful Hints

How to communicate with a child before his birth?

Couples in anticipation of a baby often ask questions: “Is it necessary to communicate with a baby .

What You Should See (and Why You May Not)

Your first pregnancy ultrasound is usually an exciting event: You’re 12 or 13 weeks pregnant and looking forward to getting a glimpse of the baby that’s been growing for the last 3 months. You know they’re going to look like an alien, but still — they’ll be your little alien, and you can’t wait.

Sometimes, though, an earlier ultrasound is necessary, and we’ll be honest: It’s weird. Why? Because a ton of gestational development happens between 7 and 12 weeks, making an early ultrasound a completely different experience than the traditional one in your first trimester.

A 7-week ultrasound may not be the bonding experience you’re hoping for, since there’s a lot you may not see. But here’s what you can expect.

Although a 7-week ultrasound isn’t routinely performed, there are actually a bunch of reasons why your doctor might want you to have one — and not all of them fall into the “doom and gloom” category.

In fact, the most common reason doctors order ultrasounds before the 12- or 13-week point is to accurately date your pregnancy.

If your pregnancy symptoms don’t match up with your last menstrual period or there’s any confusion about how old your baby is — gestationally speaking — the measurements taken during an early ultrasound can tell your doctor exactly how far along you are in your pregnancy.

Other reasons for an early ultrasound include:

• Confirming twins or multiples. Especially if you’ve had fertility treatments, this might be something you want to confirm ASAP.
• Confirming fetal heartbeat. If you’ve had any concerning symptoms, like spotting or vaginal bleeding, your doctor will want to know if you’re experiencing a miscarriage or what the cause of any unexplained bleeding could be.
• Ruling out an ectopic pregnancy. When an embryo implants outside the uterus, you’ll often have pregnancy symptoms and a positive pregnancy test, even though the embryo isn’t viable. An ectopic pregnancy is a life threatening condition if it’s not treated, so it’s important to diagnose it.
• Checking your reproductive anatomy. Issues with your uterus, cervix, ovaries, or fallopian tubes can cause complications during pregnancy. So, if your doctor suspects you might have a problem — like uterine fibroids, for example — they may want to have that info right away.

Again, it isn’t cause for immediate panic if your doctor orders a 7-week ultrasound. Yes, it could be a worst-case scenario, but it could also just be one where you’re collecting as much info as possible so you can have a healthy pregnancy.

Pop culture has likely taught you that your first ultrasound is a beautiful experience where a technician waves a magic wand over your stomach and you get to stare at a computer screen and see the adorable shape of your baby floating peacefully in your uterus.

But that’s not what happens at a 7-week ultrasound, so let’s just blow that expectation out of the water now. (Sorry!) In most cases, your baby is too small to be seen clearly — or at all — on an external abdominal ultrasound. Instead, you’ll need a transvaginal ultrasound.

It sounds less than fun, we admit, and it is a less-than-fun procedure: A technician inserts an ultrasound wand, called a transducer, a few inches into your vagina until it reaches your cervix.

Then, the technician keeps it in place, adjusting the wand as much as needed to get a good look at the inside of your uterus. It’s not painful, though it may be uncomfortable.

You’ll feel about as much pressure as you do during your annual gynecology exam, for comparison. It does take longer, which can add to the overall unpleasantness, but the technicians are trained to make you comfortable — at least, as comfortable as you can be with an ultrasound wand inside in your vaginal canal.

The good news? There’s no risk to your baby from the procedure and there’s no radiation used. So, while it won’t go down in history as one of your favorite experiences, it can’t cause any harm.

Share on PinterestHave a nice day Photo/Shutterstock
A 7-week ultrasound showing crown rump length of baby, which helps figure out the age of the fetus. Surrounding the fetus is the gestational sac, which is filled with fluid.

You’re not going to be counting fingers and toes at this ultrasound; the embryo is simply too tiny for clear images to be detected. You may see the general shape of your baby or be able to tell something is there, but it’s also normal to not see anything that looks very much like a baby at all.

One thing you will often see in a healthy pregnancy is your baby’s heartbeat. It could be going as fast as 110 beats per minute or more! If your baby is in a visible position on the ultrasound, you’ll probably see a little blinking or pulsing on the screen (and you should be able to hear it briefly, too).

You may see the following anatomical developments on a 7-week ultrasound:

• Gestational sac. This is one of the earliest visible signs of a pregnancy, and it refers to the fluid-filled space surrounding the embryo. It’s usually formed by 5 weeks of gestation, and it can accurately confirm an intrauterine pregnancy the vast majority of the time it’s seen on an ultrasound. It will look like a clear, dark circular or oblong shape, sharply contrasted with the whitish, opaque appearance of the inside of your uterus.
• Yolk sac. Even before you can see an embryo inside the gestational sac, you should spot the yolk sac. It’s the first thing to develop inside the gestational sac, and it provides your baby with nutrients and oxygen until the placenta develops. It’ll look like a small white ring or bubble inside the sac.
• Fetal pole. This is the first indication that your baby is forming inside the gestational sac. It will look like a thick, whitish shape attached to the yolk sac. Depending on how far along you are, it may be curved or oblong. It can usually be detected by 6 weeks of gestation on a transvaginal ultrasound. This is where you would see the baby’s heartbeat.

Aside from detecting a heartbeat, the point of a 7-week ultrasound is to take measurements of these fetal developments so your doctor has a better idea of where you are in your pregnancy.

That’s why this is often called a dating ultrasound: The measurements are a good indicator of gestational age.

The technician will measure the size of your gestational sac and also take a crown-to-rump measurement of the embryo, if it’s visible. At 7 weeks, your baby should be about 5 to 9 millimeters (mm) in size and the gestational sac will be about 18 to 24 mm.

At this point, fetal development is on a fast track and making large leaps in size from one week to the next.

A gestational sac measuring well below 18 mm will probably reduce your gestational age — that is, your doctor might tell you you’re only 5 or 6 weeks pregnant, not 7. The opposite is true for a sac that measures much larger than 24 mm.

Keep in mind that ultrasounds aren’t a perfect diagnostic tool, and things like the position of your baby can affect the accuracy of the measurements — or whether your technician is able to take them at all.

If the results are inconclusive, your doctor may ask you to schedule another ultrasound in 1 or 2 weeks to try again.

Considering that most people don’t realize they’re pregnant until they’re at least 3 or 4 weeks in — and the gestational sac is the very first thing to form in your uterus — it’s likely that by the time of your ultrasound, you’ll see at least this initial development with a healthy pregnancy.

But you may not be able to see a yolk sac, the fetal pole, the early shape of your baby, or your baby’s heartbeat yet. And if you don’t, try not to worry.

You could be earlier in your pregnancy than you’d first assumed, with a later ovulation window than you’d thought. You could also have a tilted uterus, which can make it harder to see your baby until they’re a little bigger.

That said, the 7-week ultrasound could also reveal a hard truth about the health of your pregnancy.

If there are no signs of pregnancy or inconsistent signs, like a large gestational sac without any yolk sac or fetal pole, it may mean you have a blighted ovum or are otherwise miscarrying. This is very common in the earliest weeks of pregnancy, when the risk is the highest.

If you’re still experiencing early pregnancy symptoms but no fetal growth at all can be found in your uterus, your technician will probably look for signs of an ectopic pregnancy. This may be done along with blood tests and a pelvic exam.

Yes, especially if they’re fraternal. Figuring out how many babies are growing in your uterus is one of the main reasons for having an early ultrasound.

If your twins are fraternal — meaning, two different eggs were fertilized — there will be a separate gestational sac for each baby. If you’re estimating your pregnancy accurately, multiple sacs should be pretty visible on a transvaginal ultrasound at 7 weeks.

If your twins are identical — meaning, one egg was fertilized but then split in two — there’ll only be one gestational sac; however, more than one yolk sac, fetal pole, and heartbeat may be visible.

Again, keep in mind that ultrasounds aren’t foolproof. You may not be far enough along in your pregnancy for all these things to be detected.

And remember that babies like to hide, especially when they have a sibling to hide behind! Multiple gestational sacs may not be visible until a later ultrasound.

Resist the temptation to be alarmed if your doctor orders a 7-week ultrasound; there are several good reasons this test is helpful in the early weeks of pregnancy.

It’s an uncomfortable but harmless procedure that offers important information, including whether your pregnancy is still viable and, if so, exactly how far along you are (and how many babies are growing).

What You Should See (and Why You May Not)

Your first pregnancy ultrasound is usually an exciting event: You’re 12 or 13 weeks pregnant and looking forward to getting a glimpse of the baby that’s been growing for the last 3 months. You know they’re going to look like an alien, but still — they’ll be your little alien, and you can’t wait.

Sometimes, though, an earlier ultrasound is necessary, and we’ll be honest: It’s weird. Why? Because a ton of gestational development happens between 7 and 12 weeks, making an early ultrasound a completely different experience than the traditional one in your first trimester.

A 7-week ultrasound may not be the bonding experience you’re hoping for, since there’s a lot you may not see. But here’s what you can expect.

Although a 7-week ultrasound isn’t routinely performed, there are actually a bunch of reasons why your doctor might want you to have one — and not all of them fall into the “doom and gloom” category.

In fact, the most common reason doctors order ultrasounds before the 12- or 13-week point is to accurately date your pregnancy.

If your pregnancy symptoms don’t match up with your last menstrual period or there’s any confusion about how old your baby is — gestationally speaking — the measurements taken during an early ultrasound can tell your doctor exactly how far along you are in your pregnancy.

Other reasons for an early ultrasound include:

• Confirming twins or multiples. Especially if you’ve had fertility treatments, this might be something you want to confirm ASAP.
• Confirming fetal heartbeat. If you’ve had any concerning symptoms, like spotting or vaginal bleeding, your doctor will want to know if you’re experiencing a miscarriage or what the cause of any unexplained bleeding could be.
• Ruling out an ectopic pregnancy. When an embryo implants outside the uterus, you’ll often have pregnancy symptoms and a positive pregnancy test, even though the embryo isn’t viable. An ectopic pregnancy is a life threatening condition if it’s not treated, so it’s important to diagnose it.
• Checking your reproductive anatomy. Issues with your uterus, cervix, ovaries, or fallopian tubes can cause complications during pregnancy. So, if your doctor suspects you might have a problem — like uterine fibroids, for example — they may want to have that info right away.

Again, it isn’t cause for immediate panic if your doctor orders a 7-week ultrasound. Yes, it could be a worst-case scenario, but it could also just be one where you’re collecting as much info as possible so you can have a healthy pregnancy.

Pop culture has likely taught you that your first ultrasound is a beautiful experience where a technician waves a magic wand over your stomach and you get to stare at a computer screen and see the adorable shape of your baby floating peacefully in your uterus.

But that’s not what happens at a 7-week ultrasound, so let’s just blow that expectation out of the water now. (Sorry!) In most cases, your baby is too small to be seen clearly — or at all — on an external abdominal ultrasound. Instead, you’ll need a transvaginal ultrasound.

It sounds less than fun, we admit, and it is a less-than-fun procedure: A technician inserts an ultrasound wand, called a transducer, a few inches into your vagina until it reaches your cervix.

Then, the technician keeps it in place, adjusting the wand as much as needed to get a good look at the inside of your uterus. It’s not painful, though it may be uncomfortable.

You’ll feel about as much pressure as you do during your annual gynecology exam, for comparison. It does take longer, which can add to the overall unpleasantness, but the technicians are trained to make you comfortable — at least, as comfortable as you can be with an ultrasound wand inside in your vaginal canal.

The good news? There’s no risk to your baby from the procedure and there’s no radiation used. So, while it won’t go down in history as one of your favorite experiences, it can’t cause any harm.

Share on PinterestHave a nice day Photo/Shutterstock
A 7-week ultrasound showing crown rump length of baby, which helps figure out the age of the fetus. Surrounding the fetus is the gestational sac, which is filled with fluid.

You’re not going to be counting fingers and toes at this ultrasound; the embryo is simply too tiny for clear images to be detected. You may see the general shape of your baby or be able to tell something is there, but it’s also normal to not see anything that looks very much like a baby at all.

One thing you will often see in a healthy pregnancy is your baby’s heartbeat. It could be going as fast as 110 beats per minute or more! If your baby is in a visible position on the ultrasound, you’ll probably see a little blinking or pulsing on the screen (and you should be able to hear it briefly, too).

You may see the following anatomical developments on a 7-week ultrasound:

• Gestational sac. This is one of the earliest visible signs of a pregnancy, and it refers to the fluid-filled space surrounding the embryo. It’s usually formed by 5 weeks of gestation, and it can accurately confirm an intrauterine pregnancy the vast majority of the time it’s seen on an ultrasound. It will look like a clear, dark circular or oblong shape, sharply contrasted with the whitish, opaque appearance of the inside of your uterus.
• Yolk sac. Even before you can see an embryo inside the gestational sac, you should spot the yolk sac. It’s the first thing to develop inside the gestational sac, and it provides your baby with nutrients and oxygen until the placenta develops. It’ll look like a small white ring or bubble inside the sac.
• Fetal pole. This is the first indication that your baby is forming inside the gestational sac. It will look like a thick, whitish shape attached to the yolk sac. Depending on how far along you are, it may be curved or oblong. It can usually be detected by 6 weeks of gestation on a transvaginal ultrasound. This is where you would see the baby’s heartbeat.

Aside from detecting a heartbeat, the point of a 7-week ultrasound is to take measurements of these fetal developments so your doctor has a better idea of where you are in your pregnancy.

That’s why this is often called a dating ultrasound: The measurements are a good indicator of gestational age.

The technician will measure the size of your gestational sac and also take a crown-to-rump measurement of the embryo, if it’s visible. At 7 weeks, your baby should be about 5 to 9 millimeters (mm) in size and the gestational sac will be about 18 to 24 mm.

At this point, fetal development is on a fast track and making large leaps in size from one week to the next.

A gestational sac measuring well below 18 mm will probably reduce your gestational age — that is, your doctor might tell you you’re only 5 or 6 weeks pregnant, not 7. The opposite is true for a sac that measures much larger than 24 mm.

Keep in mind that ultrasounds aren’t a perfect diagnostic tool, and things like the position of your baby can affect the accuracy of the measurements — or whether your technician is able to take them at all.

If the results are inconclusive, your doctor may ask you to schedule another ultrasound in 1 or 2 weeks to try again.

Considering that most people don’t realize they’re pregnant until they’re at least 3 or 4 weeks in — and the gestational sac is the very first thing to form in your uterus — it’s likely that by the time of your ultrasound, you’ll see at least this initial development with a healthy pregnancy.

But you may not be able to see a yolk sac, the fetal pole, the early shape of your baby, or your baby’s heartbeat yet. And if you don’t, try not to worry.

You could be earlier in your pregnancy than you’d first assumed, with a later ovulation window than you’d thought. You could also have a tilted uterus, which can make it harder to see your baby until they’re a little bigger.

That said, the 7-week ultrasound could also reveal a hard truth about the health of your pregnancy.

If there are no signs of pregnancy or inconsistent signs, like a large gestational sac without any yolk sac or fetal pole, it may mean you have a blighted ovum or are otherwise miscarrying. This is very common in the earliest weeks of pregnancy, when the risk is the highest.

If you’re still experiencing early pregnancy symptoms but no fetal growth at all can be found in your uterus, your technician will probably look for signs of an ectopic pregnancy. This may be done along with blood tests and a pelvic exam.

Yes, especially if they’re fraternal. Figuring out how many babies are growing in your uterus is one of the main reasons for having an early ultrasound.

If your twins are fraternal — meaning, two different eggs were fertilized — there will be a separate gestational sac for each baby. If you’re estimating your pregnancy accurately, multiple sacs should be pretty visible on a transvaginal ultrasound at 7 weeks.

If your twins are identical — meaning, one egg was fertilized but then split in two — there’ll only be one gestational sac; however, more than one yolk sac, fetal pole, and heartbeat may be visible.

Again, keep in mind that ultrasounds aren’t foolproof. You may not be far enough along in your pregnancy for all these things to be detected.

And remember that babies like to hide, especially when they have a sibling to hide behind! Multiple gestational sacs may not be visible until a later ultrasound.

Resist the temptation to be alarmed if your doctor orders a 7-week ultrasound; there are several good reasons this test is helpful in the early weeks of pregnancy.

It’s an uncomfortable but harmless procedure that offers important information, including whether your pregnancy is still viable and, if so, exactly how far along you are (and how many babies are growing).

A modern view on the problem of non-developing pregnancy | Andreeva

Etiology and pathogenesis of non-developing pregnancy (NB)

NB is included in the structure of reproductive losses and is an urgent obstetric problem. The prevalence of spontaneous interruption of gestation in Russia is one fourth of all recorded pregnancies, while NB accounts for 45 to 88.6% [1][2]. The most relevant period for the study of NB is the first trimester of gestation, since most of the cases of NB (up to 80%) occur precisely in it [1].

Chromosomal aberrations play a special role in the etiology of HB [1][3]. Autosomal trisomy is responsible for more than half of pathological karyotypes. Monosomy is detected in 20–25% of cases [4]. Translocation (2-10%) can cause NB in ​​cases where a married couple has repeated cases of NB or spontaneous miscarriage [4].

In 10-25% of women with recurrent miscarriage, examination reveals congenital anomalies in the structure of the uterus [1][5]. Acquired defects in the anatomical structure (isthmic-cervical insufficiency, myoma with submucous nodes, intrauterine synechia) play a more significant role in the development of NB [6][7].

Since 2006, based on the resolution of the FIGO World Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, every case of HB should be considered associated with chronic endometritis (CE). CE is a combination of morphological and functional changes in the endometrium of inflammatory origin, which are accompanied by changes in the physiological cyclic transformation and tissue receptivity [8]. In women with miscarriage, the diagnosis of CE was verified by histological examination in 61.0–73.1% of cases [9- 12]. In modern conditions, with XE, viral and bacterial pathogens are often verified, more often as part of a viral-bacterial mixed infection. The chronicity of the inflammatory process in the endometrium is also determined by the growth of microflora resistance to pharmacotherapy.

Numerous studies have shown that ChE acts as a modifier of local immunity. Specific antigens in the endometrial tissue induce the differentiation of T-helpers into two subpopulations: Th-1 and Th-2. Th-1 cells secrete interferon-γ, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor-ß, while Th-2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10. Both subpopulations are responsible for the production of tumor necrosis factor-α with the predominant influence of Th2 [10][9][13]. The physiological course of pregnancy is provided by humoral immune responses of the Th3 type. In turn, the cellular link of Th2-type immunity can have an abortive effect.

Abnormal activation of NK cells and macrophages contributes to fetal loss. NK cells are directly involved in the dissolution of the trophoblast. Increased production and secretion of cytokines caused by macrophage activation affects NK cells [9][12]. Proteins involved in the inflammatory response, proliferation and apoptosis in the endometrium during the “implantation window” are determined by the expression of 25 genes. It has been shown that in patients with CE, the activity of genes directly encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and apoptosis processes is significantly altered. Thus, the expression of IGFBR1, BCL2, and BAX increased, while the expression of IL-11, CC 14, IGF-1, and CASP8 decreased [3]. Modification of gene activity in the endometrium in CE causes a decrease in its receptivity, which can be a likely cause of HB.

The concept of endometrial receptivity is directly associated with the formation of pinopodium in it and an increase in the level of progesterone, LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR), and integrin αVβ3 [13]. Inhibition of the HOXA 10 genes leads to a sharp decrease in the number of pinopodiums [13]. They also regulate endometrial stromal cell proliferation and epithelial cell morphogenesis. At the point of pinopodium formation, the embryo and endometrium carry out signaling interaction [11, 13]. Interleukin-6, LIF, which are important components of blastocyst development and implantation, are expressed on pinopodium [3]. The implementation of the effects of LIF is achieved through receptors consisting of LIFR and gp130 (transmembrane proteins). LIF is responsible for the activation of JAK/STAT, MAPK, and PIPK signaling pathways in various cell types [3]. Thus, in the endometrium of mice homozygous for the defective LIF gene, blastocyst implantation did not occur, which confirms the effect of LIF on implantation in general [3].

In CE, the sensitivity of the endometrium to progesterone decreases, which is a possible mechanism for the violation of its generative function [14]. Degradation of estrogen and activation of growth factors (EGF, TGFα, β, VEGF) in a long-term inflammatory process causes a local increase in estrogen concentration, leading to excessive proliferation of the endometrium [14][15]. The latter is not capable of adequate secretory transformation due to a decrease in the number of progesterone receptors in the cells of the endometrial glands, stroma, and also on regulatory Th-lymphocytes [14][15].

In a number of literary sources, convincing data have been obtained on the significant role of endometrial proteins in implantation processes, the most significant of which is a-2-fertility microglobulin (AMGF). AMHF is an indicator of the activity of the uterine glands, and placental α1-microglobulin (PAMG) is an indicator of endometrial decidualization [1][2]. In CE, endometrial production of proteins with immunosuppressive action (AMHF, PAMG) is reduced [16].

NB ultrasound

Currently, ultrasound (ultrasound) is the most informative method for diagnosing non-developing uterine pregnancy. When performing a sonographic study, it is necessary to differentiate frozen from progressive gestation and exclude ectopic pregnancy. In the early stages, preference is given to transvaginal ultrasound, if it is impossible, sonography is performed transabdominally.

In terms of ultrasound, there are two variants of NB: – anembryony and early death of the embryo (fetus). On fig. 1 shows the state of anembryony.

Figure 1. Transvaginal ultrasound. Pregnancy 7 weeks and 5 days. The diameter of the fetal egg is 25 mm. Anembryony.
Figure 1 . Transvaginal ultrasound examination. Pregnancy 7 weeks and 5 days. The diameter of the ovum is 25 mm. Anembryony.

When performing an ultrasound examination, it is necessary to differentiate frozen from progressive gestation and exclude ectopic localization. Figure 2 shows an example of an undeveloped pregnancy at 6 weeks and 4 days.

Figure 2. Transvaginal ultrasound. Pregnancy 6 weeks and 4 days. There is no heartbeat. Non-developing pregnancy.
Figure 2 . Transvaginal ultrasound examination. Pregnancy 6 weeks and 4 days. There is no heartbeat. Non-developing pregnancy

In the early stages, preference is given to transvaginal ultrasound, if it is impossible, sonography is performed transabdominally.

Ultrasound data allow us to differentiate between two types of anembryony [1]. Type I anembryony is characterized by the absence of an embryo, the fetal egg is up to 20-25 mm, the uterus corresponds to 5-7 weeks of pregnancy. At the same time, the parameters of the uterus and the fetal egg do not correspond to the gestational age, and dynamic observation does not change the characteristics. The growth rate of the fetal egg in type II anembryonia is normal, but the embryo is absent or its remains can be fixed in the form of a thin hyperechoic line (“vertebral fold”). At a period of 10-11 weeks of pregnancy, the fetal egg reaches 45-55 mm in diameter, but already from the 8th week it is not possible to verify the laying of the villous chorion. On fig. 3 shows the early death of the embryo.

Fig.3. Transvaginal ultrasound. Pregnancy 8 weeks and 2 days. Non-developing pregnancy (early death of the embryo).
3. Transvaginal ultrasound examination. Pregnancy 8 weeks and 2 days. Non-developing pregnancy (early death of the embryo).

The following ultrasound diagnostic criteria for non-developing pregnancy are defined: 1) the fetal heartbeat with its coccyx-parietal size (CTE) of 7 mm or more is not recorded; 2) there is no embryo with an average diameter of the fetal egg of 25 mm or more [17][18]. Without fail, the diameter of the fetal egg is measured in three projections, and then its average value is calculated. If at least one of the above criteria is present, the diagnosis of NB is made [18], but confirmation by a second ultrasound specialist is required ¹ . The working group of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is also considering the possibility of re-examination of the patient after 7–14 days for a final conclusion [18].

Ultrasound criteria for NB during repeated studies: 1) absence of an embryo with a heartbeat 2 weeks or more after the discovery of a gestational sac without a yolk sac; 2) the absence of an embryo with a heartbeat 11 days or more after the discovery of a fetal egg with a yolk sac [17][18][19].

There are also prognostic ultrasound criteria for NB: 1) absence of fetal heartbeat with CTE less than 7 mm; 2) the absence of an embryo with an average diameter of the fetal sac of 16–24 mm; 3) the absence of an embryo with a heartbeat 7–13 days after the detection of a fetal egg without a yolk sac; 4) the absence of an embryo with a heartbeat 7–10 days after the discovery of a fetal egg with a yolk sac; 5) the absence of an embryo after 6 weeks. from the beginning of the last menstruation; 6) the size of the yolk sac is more than 7 mm; 7) discrepancy between the size of the fetal sac and the size of the embryo (the difference between the average diameter of the fetal sac and the CTE of the fetus is less than 5 mm) [1][17][19].

These signs only suggest NB, and dynamic ultrasonography is needed to confirm or rule it out. Some researchers point out that it is inappropriate to use the calculation of the difference between the diameter of the fetal egg and CTE as a prognostic criterion [20], and the phenomenon of “yolk stalk sign” has additional value [21][22]. The yolk stalk is a tubular structure that connects the yolk sac and the body of the embryo. In the early stages of gestation, they are located close to each other, so the yolk stalk cannot normally be visualized. If the embryo without a heartbeat begins to separate from the yolk sac, before reaching CTE values ​​​​of 5 mm or more, then in this situation they speak of the phenomenon of the “yolk stalk”. The results of studies confirm the correlation of this symptom with missed pregnancy in the dynamic observation of patients [21][22].

Therapeutic tactics in NB

The traditional tactic in NB is the surgical removal of the dead fetal egg, while the endometrial repair process takes longer than after artificial abortion [2]. Therefore, an important direction in the study of the problem of HB is the search and development of new approaches to the management of patients after emptying the uterine cavity in order to reduce the frequency of infectious complications and prevent chronic inflammation. In this regard, attention is drawn to the possibility of using quantum therapy (CT) in the postoperative period in patients with NB [23][24].

The CT method based on magnetic infrared laser therapy contributes to the normalization of all parts of the regulation of the adrenal glands, reproductive, immune and other systems [23][24]. Under the influence of low-intensity pulsed laser radiation, a total reaction of organs and tissues is generated, which causes an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. The functionality of the microvasculature improves, the repair processes are accelerated. The activity of specific and non-specific links of immunity is stimulated. The excitability of the vegetative centers is reduced. The trophism of damaged tissues improves against the background of an increase in the general level of adaptation of the organism [23][24]. At the level of individual organs and tissues, including the uterus, receptor sensitivity increases, the duration of the phase of inflammation and interstitial tissue edema decreases, etc. [23][24]

The above effects of CT, the positive experience of using it for the treatment of wound infection and chronic inflammatory processes [23][24] of other localization determine the scientific and practical interest in knowing the possibilities of using CT in patients after NB interruption in order to prevent chronic inflammation and its recurrence .

1. Letter of the Russian Ministry of Health of 06/07/2016 No. 15-4/10/2-3482 “Miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy: diagnosis and management tactics”.

1. Non-progressive pregnancy: MARS (Interdisciplinary Association of Reproductive Medicine) Guidelines. Aut.-stat. V.E. Radzinsky et al. – M .: Editorial staff of Status Praesens, 2015.

2. Radzinsky V.E., Dimitrova V.I., Maiskova I.Yu. Non-developing pregnancy. – M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2009.

3. Di Pietro C., Cicinelli E., Guglielmino M.R., Ragusa M., Farina M., et al. Altered transcriptional regulation of cytokines, growth factors, and apoptotic proteins in the endometrium of infertile women with chronic endometritis. // Am J Reprod Immunol. – 2013. – V.69, No. 5. – P.509–517. https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.12076

4. Sugiura-Ogasawara M., Ozaki Y., Katano K., Suzumori N., Kitaori T., Mizutani E. Abnormal Embryonic Karyotype is the Most Frequent Cause of Recurrent Miscarriage. // Hum reproduction. – 2012. – V.27, No. 8. – P.2297–2302. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/des179

5. Tabolova V.K., Korneeva I.E. Influence of chronic endometritis on the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology programs: morpho-functional and molecular genetic features. // Obstetrics and gynecology. – 2013. – No. 10. – P.17-22. eLIBRARY ID: 20841398

6. Obstetrics. National leadership. Under. ed. E.K. Ailamazyan, V.I. Kulakova, V.E. Radzinsky, G.M. Savelyeva. – M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2009.

7. Puscheck E.E., Scott Lucidi R. FACOG Early Pregnancy Loss Workup / Updated: Jun 08, 2018. – URL: https://reference.medscape.com/article/266317-workup

8. Kogan E .A., Demura T.A., Vodyanoy V.Ya., Shurshalina A.V. Molecular and morphological aspects of endometrial receptivity disorders in chronic endometritis. // Archive of pathology. – 2012. – No. 3. – P.15–17. eLIBRARY ID: 22288730

9. Andreeva M.V., Neklyudova A.V. Ways to overcome infectious complications in obstetrics. // Vestnik VolgGMU. – 2019. – No. 4 (72). – P.21-25. DOI: 10.19163/1994-9480-2019-4(72)-21-25

10. Early pregnancy. From preconception preparation to healthy gestation. Ed. Radzinsky V.E., Orazmuradova A.A. – Media Bureau “Status Presence”; 2018.

11. Plyasunova M.P., Khlybova S.V. Chronic endometritis as one of the urgent problems in modern gynecology. // Vyatka Medical Bulletin. – 2013. – No. 1 – C.44–53. eLIBRARY ID: 19114243

12. Sukhikh G.T., Shurshalina A.V. Chronic endometritis. Management. – M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2013.

13. Dimitriadis E., Nie G., Hannan P., Paiva P., Salamonsen LA. Local regulation of implantation at the human fetal-maternal interface. // Int J Dev Biol. – 2010. – V.54. – P.313–322. DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.082772ed

14. Mote P.A., Balleine R.L., McGowan E.M., Clarke C.L. Colocalization of progesterone receptors A and B by dual immunofl uorescent histochemistry in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. // J Clin Endoc Metab.- 1999. – V.84, No. 8. – P.2963-2971. DOI: 10.1210/jcem.84.8.5928

15. Sivko T.S., Andreeva M.V., Gadzhieva A.Kh. Non-developing pregnancy as a cause of reproductive losses. // Almanac-2019: collection of articles. – 2019. – P.228-230.

16. Kitaya K., Yasuo T. Immunohistochemistrical and clinicopathological characterization of chronic endometritis. // Am J Reprod Immunol. – 2011. – V.66, No. 5. – P.410–415. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.01051.x

17. Murugan VA, Murphy BO, Dupuis C, Goldstein A, Kim YH. Role of ultrasound in the evaluation of fi rst-trimester pregnancies in the acute setting. // ultrasonography. – 2020. – V.39, №2. – P.178-189. DOI: 10.14366/usg.19043

18. NICE guideline [NG126]. Ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage: diagnosis and initial management. Published date: 17 April 2019. Accessed at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng126.

19. Preisler J., Kopeika J., Ismail L., Vathanan V., Farren J., et al. Defining safe criteria to diagnose miscarriage: prospective observational multicentre study. // BMJ. – 2015. – V.351. – P.4579. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h5579.

20. Kapfh amer J.D., Palaniappan S., Summers K., Kassel K., Mancuso A.C., et al. Diff erence between mean gestational sac diameter and crown-rump length as a marker of fi rsttrimester pregnancy loss aft er in vitro fertilization. // Fertil Steril. – 2018. – V.109,№1. – P.130-136. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.09.031

21. Filly M.R., Callen P.W., Yegul N.T., Filly R.A. Th e yolk stalk sign: evidence of death in small embryos without heartbeats. J Ultrasound Med. – 2010. – V.29, No. 2. – P.237-41. DOI: 10.7863/jum.2010.29.2.237

22. Acuña J., Rukh S., Adhikari S. Point-of-care ultrasound identification of yolk stalk sign in a case of failed fi rst trimester pregnancy. World J Emerge Med. – 2018. – V.9, No. 2. – P.149-151. DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2018.02.012

23. Melkozerova O.A., Bashmakova N.V., Pogorelko D.V., Chistyakov M.A. The energy of low-frequency ultrasound in the restoration of the receptor field of the endometrium after an undeveloped pregnancy. // Obstetrics and gynecology. – 2014. – No. 7. – P.61-67. eLIBRARY ID: 21801006

24. Zubarev PN, Risman BV. [Ultrasonic cavitation and ozonization in treatment of patients with pyo-necrotic complications of diabetic foot syndrome]. Vestn Khir Im I I Grek. 2011;170(1):48-53. (In Russ.). PMID: 21506355.

Non-developing early pregnancy. / News / RDC

The main unresolved problems in obstetrics and gynecology to date, making a significant negative contribution to reproductive losses, are the lack of a decrease in the number of preterm births (termination of pregnancy after 22 weeks) and an increase in the frequency of spontaneous miscarriages (up to 22 weeks).

Currently, non-developing pregnancy is usually considered as a polyetiological complication of pregnancy, which is based on a pathological symptom complex: lack of vital activity of the embryo, endometrial dysfunction and disturbances in the hemostasis system of a pregnant woman. Back at 19In 1995 Professor Stuart Campbell stated that: “Early death of the embryo should be given the same importance as late fetal death.” Unfortunately, at the present time, this phrase has acquired a special meaning, since we live in an era of an “epidemic” of non-developing pregnancies. Their frequency among cases of spontaneous miscarriages in the early stages has increased over the past 30 years from 10-20% in the late 90s of the last century to 45-88.6% in recent years. Therefore, the issues of the earliest and most accurate diagnosis of an undeveloped pregnancy become extremely relevant.

Based on clinical signs, it is very difficult to make this diagnosis in the early stages, since its symptoms are not specific. So, for example, slight spotting from the genital tract may appear after a certain interval after the cessation of its development, or may be absent altogether. Not in every case there are pains in the lower abdomen. General malaise, weakness, dizziness, fever are observed only in 10% of women with a delay of a dead fetus in the uterus for more than 3-4 weeks. The most characteristic and long-known subjective signs of the death of the fetal egg in the first trimester of pregnancy are the disappearance of nausea, vomiting, salivation. However, all of the above cannot be considered reliable symptoms of a missed pregnancy. The use of biochemical tests, such as serum β-hCG levels, is an aid to differential diagnosis in early pregnancy between conditions such as normal developing uterine pregnancy, non-progressing uterine pregnancy, pregnancy of “unclear localization” and ectopic pregnancy. However, to date, it is recommended to determine the serum level of β-hCG only in the case of “pregnancy of unclear localization”. There is no indication for taking serum β-hCG if the gestational sac is clearly visible in the uterine cavity and we need to confirm the diagnosis of an arrested pregnancy. That is why the priority today is given to ultrasound, which allows you to detect non-developing pregnancy long before the onset of clinical symptoms.

Diagnostic criteria for non-developing pregnancy in the early stages:

1. absence of a heart rhythm in the coccyx-parietal size of the embryo 7 mm or more;
2. lack of embryonic structure with an average diameter (arithmetic mean of 3 diameters) of the ovum greater than or equal to 25 mm.

If at least one of the indicated signs is present, the diagnosis is considered final. In this case, repeated ultrasound examinations are not required. The probability that in the period of 12 weeks. fetus will be viable is zero.

There are several more criteria that allow diagnosing a non-developing pregnancy:

• the embryo does not have a heartbeat 14 days after the ultrasound examination revealed a fetal egg without a yolk sac at the initial admission;
• , the embryo has no heartbeat 11 days after the ultrasound revealed a gestational sac with a yolk sac at the initial intake.

Other signs that are described in the medical literature are prognostic. They do not give a 100% guarantee, but only allow you to suspect a missed pregnancy. In this case, additional ultrasound examinations are required to confirm or refute the diagnosis of non-developing pregnancy.

Prognostic criteria for non-developing pregnancy include:

• Embryo CTE < 7 mm, no heartbeat;
• the average diameter of the fetal egg (arithmetic mean of 3 diameters) is 16-24 mm, the embryo is absent;
• Absence of an embryo with a heartbeat 7-10 days after an ultrasound examination revealed a gestational sac without a yolk sac;
• absence of an embryo with a heartbeat 7-10 days after the discovery of a fetal egg with a yolk sac;
• no embryo after 6 weeks. after the first day of the last menstruation;
• abnormal structure of the yolk sac (irregular shape, hyperechoic structure), dimensions more than 7 mm or less than 3 mm;
• small fetal egg relative to the size of the embryo (the difference in size between the above structures is less than 5 mm), the so-called oligohydramnios of the first trimester;
• abnormal contours of the ovum;
• the appearance of the yolk stalk without registration of cardiac activity in the embryo;
• modified amniotic cavity;
• increase in CTE less than 0.2 mm/day;
• fetal bradycardia (M-mode heart rate less than 80-90 beats/min.

Early ultrasound examinations require both clear methodological approaches and examination safety principles. It is necessary to evaluate the following structures: gestational sac, amniotic cavity, yolk sac and embryo with real-time (B-mode) or M-mode cardiac activity. Up to 10 weeks gestation should not use color Doppler mapping (CDM) to record cardiac activity, as this increases the heat index (TI) to 2. 5-4.2, and according to the ALARA principles governing the safety of ultrasound, scan early in pregnancy not recommended for TI greater than the threshold value of 3.0.

An important issue in the ultrasound diagnosis of non-developing pregnancy is the issue of repeated ultrasound examinations. It is necessary to choose the optimal interval for repeating the study, since unreasonable studies in case of suspected non-developing pregnancy increase the burden on the ultrasound diagnostic rooms and the obstetrician-gynecologist and lead to excessive neuroticism of patients who are faced with this problem. It is wise to adhere to the following recommendations.

1. If an embryo smaller than 7 mm is visualized during the first ultrasound examination and there is no heartbeat, then a second examination is prescribed no earlier than after 7 days. If during the re-examination cardiac activity is not recorded, then the doctor is authorized to make a diagnosis of “non-developing pregnancy”.
2. If the first ultrasound shows an empty gestational sac or a gestational sac with a yolk sac and is > 12 mm, repeat the examination no sooner than 7 days later. If during the re-examination the echographic picture does not change, then it is competent to make a diagnosis of “non-developing pregnancy”.
3. If the first ultrasound shows an empty gestational sac or a gestational sac with a yolk sac and is <12 mm, repeat the examination no sooner than 14 days later. If the situation does not change during the re-examination, then the doctor is authorized to make a diagnosis of “non-developing pregnancy”.

If the mean ovum diameter (arithmetic mean of 3 diameters) is > 16 mm and no embryo is visualized, there is a 10% chance that we are dealing with a normal developing uterine pregnancy. If an empty gestational sac is detected on the first transvaginal ultrasound, and a yolk sac appears on the second examination, then there is a 27% chance of a developing pregnancy.

Formula Feeding FAQs: Preparation and Storage (for Parents)

Whether you plan to formula feed your baby from the start, want to supplement your breast milk with formula, or are switching from breast milk to formula, you probably have questions.

Here are answers to some common questions about formula feeding.

Do I Need to Sterilize My Baby’s Bottles?

Before the first use, sterilize nipples and bottles in boiling water for 5 minutes.

After that, you don’t have to sterilize your baby’s bottles and supplies each time you feed your baby. Do wash bottles and nipples in hot, soapy water (or in the dishwasher) after every use. You can get a store-bought countertop or microwaveable sterilizer, but it’s not necessary.

How Do I Prepare My Baby’s Bottles?

Carefully follow directions on the label when preparing formula. Most store-bought formula comes in three basic forms:

• powders that you mix with water
• concentrates, which are liquids that you dilute with water
• ready-to-use (or ready-to-feed) liquids that can be poured right into bottles without adding water

Do not add more water than directed, or use formula past its expiration date.

Wash your hands well before preparing and feeding your baby. To mix powders or concentrates, use clean tap water. If you have a well, test the water to see if it’s safe before using it to mix infant formula.

If your tap water is not clean (or your baby has a weak immune system), boil it for at least 1 minute to kill germs. Let the water cool to room temperature before using it to mix formula. You also can use bottled water. Talk to your doctor if you’re concerned that your water is not safe.

Once prepared, the formula is ready to feed to your baby right away without refrigeration or warming. Feed your baby or store the prepared formula in the refrigerator within 2 hours.

How Long Can a Bottle Keep at Room Temperature?

Throw out any prepared or ready-to-feed formula that’s been sitting out for 2 hours or more, or within 1 hour from start of feeding.

Can I Save Leftover Formula to Give to My Baby Later?

No, throw away any leftover formula. Harmful bacteria can multiply since the last feeding, which could make your baby sick.

Can I Prepare Formula Ahead of Time?

Some parents make a fresh bottle just before each feeding. But many parents make and refrigerate enough formula ahead of time to use for the day. If you know your baby eats every 3–4 hours, for instance, you can make 6 to 8 bottles to last you all day.

If you prepare formula ahead of time, store it in the refrigerator. You can use pre-made formula for up to 24 hours. Open containers of ready-made formula, concentrated formula, and formula prepared from concentrate can be stored safely in the refrigerator for up to 48 hours. Do not store unmixed powder in the refrigerator.

How Do I Warm My Baby’s Bottles?

You don’t have to warm formula before feeding, but some babies may prefer it. To warm bottles, you can:

• Run the bottle under very warm or hot water for a few minutes.
• Put your baby’s bottles in a pan of hot water. Be sure to remove the pan from the heat source before putting the bottle in it.
• Use bottle warmers that sit on your countertop at home or are portable.

Never use the microwave to warm bottles. It can create dangerous “hot spots” in bottles that can burn your baby’s mouth and throat.

Before warming a bottle, shake it. Then, test the temperature of the formula by squirting a drop or two on the inside or your wrist before feeding your baby. It should be lukewarm (barely warm), not hot.

Reviewed by: Mary L. Gavin, MD

Date reviewed: November 2021

How long can baby bottles sit at room temperature?

Log in
|
Register

 

Tips & Tools

Tips & Tools

Question

Hailey Nelson, MD, FAAP, IBCLC

Answer

A lot of parents ask how me long a bottle can sit out before it goes bad, especially if their baby takes small amounts at a time.

The answer? It depends. There are several factors that determine how long you can safely feed your baby a bottle of breast milk or baby formula. These include how it was prepared, temperature, prep area cleanliness and whether your baby has already fed from it, for example. Here’s what you need to know.

How to safely prepare your baby’s bottle

How you store and prepare baby’s food have a big impact on its quality and safety. Follow these science-backed tips when preparing your baby’s bottles. Note: If your baby was born prematurely or has other health conditions, reach out to your pediatrician for additional guidance.

• 
  Make a clean start. Before preparing formula or expressing breast milk, wash your hands with soap and water or use hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. Be sure to clean the area you’ll use to mix formula, using sanitizing wipes or hot water and antibacterial soap. Bottles, bottle parts and storage containers should be pre-sanitized and ready to go.

• 
  If you’re pumping, inspect your pump and supplies. Make sure that all valves, tubing and flanges are clean and in good condition. Use only sanitized, food-grade bags and containers to store expressed milk.

• 
  Label everything. Bags and bottles should show the date and time you expressed the milk or mixed the formula. If your baby attends child care, add their name to bottles and containers too. Ask your child care provider about specific guidelines for breast milk storage and administration.

• 
  Consider making smaller batches. This helps reduce waste if your baby doesn’t drink the whole bottle, since leftover milk should always be discarded after one hour. You’ll dump less out if you prepare and use 2-ounce to 4-ounce batches of formula. Consider freezing breast milk in these smaller amounts too, so it’s easy to thaw them as you need them.

• 
  Keep prepared bottles in the back of the fridge. Although it might seem more convenient to stash them in the door, remember that every time you reach for something, warm air rushes in. The temperature stays more consistent toward the back.
  

• 
  Do not put infant cereal or other foods in your baby’s bottle. Contrary to what you may have heard, thickening your baby’s milk or formula will not help them feel fuller or sleep longer. Worse yet, it increases the risk that your baby will choke. Breast milk and formula on their own will provide all the nutrition and hydration your baby needs to feel full and relaxed.

So, how long can bottles sit out safely?

Once you finish feeding your baby, any prepared infant formula left in the bottle should be thrown out within 1 hour. Pre-mixed formula or breast milk stored in clean bottles can be kept longer, depending on the temperature and location.

Here are guidelines for safely storing everything from fresh breast milk to powdered formula supplies:

Type of Breast Milk or Formula	Place and Temperature			Notes
	Countertop (77ᵒ F or cooler)	Refrigerator (40ᵒ F or cooler)	Freezer (0ᵒ F or cooler)
REMEMBER: After feeding baby, toss out any milk left in the bottle within 1 hour.
Freshly expressed or pumped breast milk	Up to 4 hours	Up to 4 days	Up to 9 months (use within 6 months for best quality)	Fresh breast milk stored in the fridge is good for 4 days, but DON’T freeze it if you don’t use it in that time frame. Toss it out. If you don’t think you will use freshly expressed milk within 4 days, freeze it right after pumping.
Thawed breast milk from freezer	Up to 2 hours	Up to 24 hours	Do not refreeze	Because breast milk expands as it freezes, remember not to fill your storage containers all the way to the top. Label all breast milk containers with the date the milk was expressed. Thaw and use the oldest breast milk first (think: first in, first out). To prevent burns, NEVER use a microwave or stovetop to thaw or warm breast milk. Set bags or containers on a clean countertop to thaw at room temperature. To warm a refrigerated bottle before feeding, hold it under a stream of warm tap water or place in a bowl of heated water for a few minutes. Shake well to eliminate “hot spots. “
Prepared infant formula	Up to 2 hours after preparing (1 hour if your baby has already started feeding)	Up to 24 hours	Do not freeze	Use only water from a safe source to prepare formula. Always follow the instructions on the package. NEVER stretch formula by adding more water. This deprives your baby of nutrients they need to grow. Always measure the water first, then add powder or concentrate and shake well. To prevent burns, NEVER heat prepared formula in a microwave or on the stove. Bottles can be warmed by holding them under a stream of warm tap water or placing them in a bowl of heated water for a few minutes. Shake well to eliminate “hot spots.”
Formula powder or concentrate	Check label instructions. Mark containers with the date and time they were opened.	Do not refrigerate powder. Refrigerate liquid concentrate after opening. Use within 48 hours of opening.	Do not freeze.	Store unopened containers of formula in a cool, dry place. Keep any opened canister of powdered formula tightly capped. Never use formula after the “Use By” date on the label.

Remember

As parents, we all want to give our babies the best nutrition to help support their growth and development. If you have any concerns or questions, or if your baby was born pre-term or has special health conditions, reach out to your pediatrician for more guidance.

More information

• Tips for Freezing & Refrigerating Breast Milk
• How to Safely Prepare Baby Formula With Water
• Ask the Pediatrician: Why are we seeing baby formula brands on the shelves from companies I haven’t heard of before?
• 
  Proper Storage and Preparation of Breast Milk | Breastfeeding | CDC
• 
  Frequently Asked Questions | Breastfeeding | CDC
• 
  Infant Formula Preparation and Storage | Nutrition | CDC (includes links to downloadable guides for storing breast milk)
• 
  Feeding From a Bottle | Nutrition | CDC

Hailey Nelson, MD, FAAP, IBCLC

Hailey Nelson, MD, FAAP, IBCLC, is a complex care pediatrician at Valley Children’s Hospital in Madera, California. Dr. Nelson enjoys working with children of all ages and abilities and is especially passionate about providing the best possible care to medically fragile children and their families. She is also a licensed breastfeeding consultant, certified by the International Board of Lactation Consultants to support nursing mothers and their babies.​

Last Updated

8/5/2022

The information contained on this Web site should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your pediatrician. There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances.

Ivacaftor: Pediatric Medication | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Pediatric Medicine

Share

Provided by Lexicomp ^® , this document contains all the information you need to know about this medicine, including indications, directions for use, side effects, and when your healthcare provider should be contacted.

Trade names: USA

Kalydeco

Trade names: Canada

Kalydeco

What is this drug used for?

• Used to treat cystic fibrosis.

What do I need to tell the doctor BEFORE my child takes this drug?

• If your child has an allergy to this drug, any of its ingredients, other drugs, foods, or substances. Tell the doctor about the allergy and how it manifested itself in the child.
• If your child has liver disease.
• If your child is taking any other drugs (prescription, over-the-counter, natural products, or vitamins). There are many drugs that interact with this drug, including certain drugs used to treat HIV infection, other infections, or seizures.

This list of drugs and conditions that may interact with this drug is not exhaustive.

Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about all medicines your child is taking (both prescription and over-the-counter, natural products and vitamins) and any health problems. You need to make sure that this drug is safe to use for your child’s illnesses and in combination with other drugs he or she is already taking. Do not start, stop taking, or change the dosage of any drug your child is taking without the doctor’s approval.

What do I need to know or do while my child is taking this drug?

• Tell all health care providers who care for your child that your child is taking this drug. These are your child’s doctors, nurses, pharmacists and dentists.
• Perform blood tests as directed by your doctor. Consult with your doctor.
• Monitor your child’s lung function as directed by the doctor. Consult your doctor.
• Have your child avoid tasks or activities that require attention until you see how this drug works for your child. This includes cycling, playing sports, or using items such as scissors, lawn mowers, electric scooters, toy cars, or motorized vehicles.
• Do not give your child grapefruit or grapefruit juice.
• Cataracts have been reported in children taking this drug. Have your child have their eyes tested before and while taking this drug. Consult your doctor.
• Various forms of release of this drug may be intended for use in children of different ages. Talk to your doctor before giving this drug to a child.

If your daughter is pregnant or breastfeeding:

• Consult physician if your daughter is pregnant, pregnant, or breastfeeding. The benefits and risks for your daughter and her baby will need to be discussed.

What side effects should I report to my child’s doctor right away?

WARNING/CAUTION: Although rare, some people may have very serious and sometimes deadly side effects of this drug. Call your child’s doctor right away or get medical help if your child has any of the following signs or symptoms that could be associated with a very bad side effect:

• Signs of an allergic reaction, such as rash, hives, itching, red and swollen skin with blisters or peeling, possibly accompanied by fever, wheezing or wheezing, tightness in the chest or throat, difficulty breathing, swallowing or speaking, unusual hoarseness, swelling in the mouth, face, lips, tongue or throat.
• Signs of liver problems such as dark urine, fatigue, lack of appetite, nausea or abdominal pain, light-colored stools, vomiting, yellowing of the skin or eyes.
• Signs of high blood sugar such as confusion, drowsiness, unusual thirst and hunger, increased urination, flushing, rapid breathing, and fruity breath.
• Vision change.
• Chest pain.

What are some other side effects of this drug?

Any drug can cause side effects. However, for many people, side effects are either minor or non-existent. Contact your child’s doctor or seek medical attention if any of these or other side effects bother your child or if they persist:

• Dizziness or headache.
• Signs of a cold.
• Irritation of the nose or throat.
• Abdominal pain or diarrhea.
• Nausea.
• Acne.
• Pain in the joints or muscles.

This list of possible side effects is not exhaustive. If you have any questions about side effects, ask your child’s doctor. Talk to your child’s doctor about side effects.

You can report side effects to the National Health Board.

What is the best way to give this drug?

Give this drug to your child as directed by your doctor. Read all the information provided to you. Strictly follow all instructions.

Tablets:

• Give this drug with a fatty meal. There are a lot of fatty foods. Some such products are eggs, butter, peanut butter, cheese pizza, or whole milk dairy products such as whole milk, cheese, or yogurt. If you are not sure which foods are fatty, check with your doctor.
• Keep giving this drug as directed by your child’s doctor or other health care provider, even if your child is feeling well.

Granules:

• Mix contents of sachet with 1 teaspoon (5 ml) of soft food or liquid. It can be pureed fruits or vegetables, yogurt, applesauce, water, breast milk, infant formula, milk or juice. Food or liquid should be at room temperature or slightly colder.
• This medication must be given within 1 hour of mixing.
• Give this drug just before or right after eating fatty foods. There are a lot of fatty foods. Some such products are eggs, butter, peanut butter, cheese pizza, whole milk dairy products such as whole milk, cheese or yogurt, breast milk or baby food. If you are not sure which foods are fatty, check with your doctor.
• Keep giving this drug as directed by your child’s doctor or other health care provider, even if your child is feeling well.

What if my child misses a dose of medication?

• Give the missed dose as soon as possible.
• If it has been 6 hours or more since a dose was missed, skip that dose and return to your child’s normal schedule.
• Do not take 2 doses or an additional dose at the same time.
• If you are not sure what to do if your child misses a dose, contact your doctor.

How do I store and/or discard this drug?

• Store at room temperature in a dry place. Do not store in the bathroom.
• Keep all medicines in a safe place. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children and pets.
• Dispose of unused or expired drugs. Do not empty into a toilet or sewer unless instructed to do so. If you have any questions about disposing of medicines, ask your pharmacist. Drug disposal programs may be in place in your area.

General information about medicines

• If your child’s symptoms or health problems do not improve, or worsen, contact your child’s doctor.
• Do not share your child’s medicine with others and do not give anyone else’s medicine to your child.
• Some medicines may come with other patient information leaflets. If you have questions about this drug, talk with your child’s doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other health care professional.
• If you think you have overdosed, call a poison control center or get medical help right away. Be prepared to tell or show what drug you took, how much, and when it happened.

Consumer Use of Information and Limitation of Liability

This summary information includes a summary of the diagnosis, treatment, and/or drug product. It is not intended to be a comprehensive source of data and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or evaluate potential diagnostic and treatment options. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a particular patient. It should not be considered medical advice or a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment provided by a physician based on a medical examination and assessment of the patient’s specific and unique circumstances. Patients should consult with their physician for full information about their health, medical issues, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding the use of medications. This information is not a guarantee that a treatment or drug is safe, effective, or approved for a particular patient. UpToDate, Inc. and its subsidiaries disclaim any warranties or liabilities related to this information or its use. The use of this information is subject to the Terms of Use found at https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/clinical-effectiveness-terms.

Last revision date

2021-01-13

Copyright

© UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates and/or licensors, 2023. All rights reserved.

Date last updated

Monday, December 12, 2022

How to drink medicines correctly

Taking medicines and vitamins is, it would seem, a common thing. Because the periods of health for many are naturally combined with periods of illness. But few people think about how to properly take a handful of medicines prescribed by a doctor. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of treatment can be lost by 10-20% just because of the wrong approach to the use of medicines. In the article we tell the subtleties and features of the use of certain drugs.

Rule #1.

Chew or swallow

The specialist who prescribed them, the pharmacist at the pharmacy or the instructions for the drug can tell you whether it is worth violating the integrity of the pill. But how often does it matter? Many people think why swallow whole, if I can chew it, it still splits in the stomach. But this can be one of those disorders in which the effectiveness of the pill is instantly lost.

But the load from its entry into the body arises.

Oral intake (swallowing)

It is impossible to violate the integrity of the tablet in the case when the tablet shell is provided just for transporting the active substance through the gastric juice. For example, enteric tablets should act directly in the intestines, but due to the broken integrity, the active substance simply cannot get there.

Therefore, if it is said – to swallow without chewing, it is very important to follow this instruction.

Sublingual intake (absorption)

Theoretically, resorption of the drug on the oral mucosa has an advantage over the usual way. This way the drug passes into the body faster. Due to the high density of blood vessels, sublingual resorption allows the active substance to penetrate the bloodstream faster and get to the place of demand faster.

This method allows you to bypass the aggressive environment of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as minimize the load on the liver, where it can be significantly split. This process is referred to as the “first pass effect” of the drug in the overall metabolism of the body.

Rule #2. What to drink with

If the medicine requires swallowing, then it becomes important what you drink it with. In most cases, medicines are washed down only with water! Water is the simplest in terms of chemistry, a universal solvent.

Any other drinks are actually chemicals dissolved in water that can react with drug components. Because of what the effectiveness of the drug may decrease, the effect of the drug may begin faster or slower.

Our usual drinks – tea and coffee – contain theanine and caffeine. These substances can reduce the effectiveness of contraceptive drugs, disrupt the absorption of certain drugs. Drugs that affect the nervous system, antidepressants, or tonic drugs, when taken with drinks, can increase their effect. Drugs from the category of NSAIDs can increase the toxic effect on the liver and gastrointestinal tract.

Juices and carbonated drinks contain acids, which can have a damaging effect on the shells and active ingredients of drugs. Milk inhibits the action of antibiotics. But especially close attention should be paid to grapefruit juice. It can cause an overdose of drugs for the treatment of heart disease and hypertension, antibiotics, statins, hormones, antiepileptic drugs, anticancer, antihistamines, antifungal drugs.

Grapefruit juice delays the components of drugs that must be excreted from the body, passing in transit. Thus, accumulated substances and toxins can cause irreparable harm to the body and provoke unpredictable reactions.

Rule #3. Reception time

You can often hear that the drug is drunk once a day, two or three times a day, four, and so on. Which does not mean at all that the medicine is taken during the period of wakefulness. This means that all 24 hours of the day are included in the calculations.

For example, if a drug is prescribed three times, this means that it is taken at regular intervals every 8 hours. if you need to drink a pill 2 times a day – the gap between doses will be 12 hours. And further on this principle.

The fact is that an infection or a bacterium, like all systems of our body, functions 24 hours a day without breaks for sleep. This means that the impact on the problem should be carried out evenly, in the same dose, at equal intervals of time.

Rule #4. Missing tablet

The criticality of skipping a pill depends on how much time passed before you remembered it.

When taking the medicine twice, the missed tablet should be drunk as soon as you remember about it. However, now the multiplicity of daily intake should be adjusted starting from the last pill that you remembered. If a little time has passed since the missed pill, then you can not shift the time of admission, but continue as before.

It is impossible to double the dose of the drug at one time, and then continue the treatment as before.

If the course of pills has just begun and a lot of time has passed since the moment of taking the forgotten pill, then it is more advisable to start the course all over again.

True, such a recommendation is not suitable for antibiotics, in which the course usually lasts 5-7 days. So, if the tablet was missed towards the end of the course, it would not be advisable to start it all over again.

Special care should be taken when skipping oral contraceptives. Each OK manufacturer has its own recommendations on this matter, which are necessarily prescribed in the instructions for the drugs. It’s best to remember your birth control pills and set a reminder, because the hormonal fluctuations that skipping can cause can be detrimental to your health. This is especially true for those contraceptives that indicate the color order of taking pills. The doses of hormones in these tablets vary depending on the day on which it should be taken.

Rule #5. Combining drugs with each other

Not all drugs are compatible with each other. Incompatibility may lie in the reactions of the body, side effects, therapeutic effect. Some active substances of drugs are able to neutralize each other’s actions. And in the “best” case, no therapeutic effect will occur. But some combinations can not only lead to unpredictable consequences, but also become deadly.

So, there are absolute contraindications for the simultaneous use of certain drugs and relative ones. Drug compatibility is one of the reasons why self-medication can be dangerous.

If a specialist has prescribed several drugs for therapy, it is very important to separate them among themselves, even if there are no prohibitions on the joint use of drugs. So you can facilitate the work of the liver and gastrointestinal tract, which secrete certain enzymes for the processing of certain substances.

Incompatible drugs

Aspirin for the heart to prevent heart attacks and vascular diseases and any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like nise, ketorol, ibuprofen.

Both groups of drugs have one pronounced side effect – the effect on the gastric mucosa. So even one painkiller can provoke discomfort in the stomach, especially if there is a predisposition. And with prolonged and systematic use of aspirin (in order to affect the cardiovascular system) and NSAIDs as an analgesic, an exacerbation of chronic diseases of the digestive tract, including the “opening” of an ulcer, can occur.

Antiallergic drugs and powders for colds, sedatives.

The fact is that the usual cold and flu powders are not just a hot sweetened drink. This medicine contains, in addition to paracetamol, an antihistamine. So, an additional dose of an antihistamine substance contained in antiallergic tablets can increase drowsiness and knock you out of your usual state. This is especially important to know for people whose activities are related to concentration and concentration.

Calcium preparations and fixing preparations

The effect of diarrhea remedies is that they slow down intestinal motility. Exactly the same effect is in calcium preparations. So, when taken together, constipation can be provoked. And then toxic substances will accumulate in the body, leading to undesirable consequences.

Cardiac glycosides (antiarrhythmic heart drugs) and diuretics, high blood pressure medicines

The combined use of drugs can not only reduce the effect of cardiac glycosides, but also increase arrhythmia. You can not take diuretics for edema and high blood pressure when taking glycosides together. Since the former are able to remove calcium from the body, damaging the work of the heart.

Rule #6. Combination of drugs with food

If the instructions for the drug do not contain a specific recommendation on how to combine the intake with food, then this point is of no fundamental importance. But more often you can find items where there is a clear mention of eating.

Fasting

• Drugs are taken to treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and the stomach itself. For example, antacids that reduce acidity in the stomach.

• Decoctions, tinctures and liquid preparations based on plant materials are also drunk on an empty stomach so that in the presence of hydrochloric acid, the valuable components of the preparations are not destroyed in the stomach.

• Drugs that relax smooth muscles. Despite the fact that they calmly tolerate interaction with acids and food, they can slow down or disrupt the process of digestion of food due to their inhibitory effect.

Before meals

A few minutes before the meal, cholagogues, digestive enzymes, drugs that stimulate the secretory function of the digestive glands are allowed to be taken.

After meals

Immediately after eating, it is better to take drugs that irritate the gastric mucosa: indomethacin, acetylsalicylic acid, steroids, metronidazole, and others.

As well as drugs that block the production of hydrochloric acid. This is necessary in order to avoid blocking the digestive process at the initial stage.

Vitamins and multivitamin complexes are also consumed after meals, in order not to be destroyed by the aggressive environment of the stomach.

While eating

Gastric juice substitutes and bile substitutes are taken to stimulate the digestive process.

An absolute contraindication to the joint use of drugs are citrus juices. They can suppress the production of enzymes in the liver or intestines. This can slow down the breakdown and elimination of toxic substances from the body. So, just a glass of juice is enough to delay the components of drugs that were supposed to be quickly removed for a whole day.

Dairy products are also not recommended for co-administration with drugs, especially antibiotics, as they can inhibit their absorption. And calcium salts, reacting with antibiotics, distort the effect of antibiotics on the body.

Drug and food incompatibilities

• antibiotics of the tetracycline group, lincomycin, preparations containing caffeine (ascofen, citramon, caffetin) – with milk, kefir, cottage cheese;

• iron preparations – with tea, coffee, milk, nuts, grain products;

• calcium preparations – with carbonated soft drinks and juices containing citric acid;

• erythromycin, ampicillin – with fruit and vegetable juices;

• sulfadimethoxine, sulgin, biseptol, cimetidine, theophylline – with meat, fish, cheese, legumes containing a lot of protein;

• aspirin and drugs containing acetylsalicylic acid, furagin, 5-NOK – with butter, sour cream, fatty foods;

• paracetamol, sulfadimethoxine, biseptol, furosemide, cimetidine – with prunes, beets, sweet and flour dishes;

• sulfonamides: biseptol, etazol, sulfalene – with herbs, spinach, milk, liver, cereal products;

• baralgin, analgin, panadol, spazgan, paracetamol, maxigan – with smoked sausages.