Monthly Archives: October 2023

Overview of BBB Ratings | Better Business Bureau®

BBB ratings represent the BBB’s opinion of how the business is likely to interact with its customers. The BBB rating is based on information BBB is able to obtain about the business, including complaints received from the public. BBB seeks and uses information directly from businesses and from public data sources.

BBB assigns ratings from A+ (highest) to F (lowest). In some cases, BBB will not rate the business (indicated by an NR, or “No Rating”) for reasons that include insufficient information about a business or ongoing review/update of the business’s file.

BBB Business Profiles generally explain the most significant factors that raise or lower a business’s rating.

BBB ratings are not a guarantee of a business’s reliability or performance. BBB recommends that consumers consider a business’s BBB rating in addition to all other available information about the business.

Customer Reviews are not used in the calculation of the BBB Letter Grade Rating.

RATING ELEMENTS

BBB ratings are based on information in BBB files with respect to the following factors:

1.   Business’s complaint history with BBB.

The BBB rating takes into account the following information with respect to closed complaints that relate to a business’s marketplace activities:

• Number of complaints filed with BBB against the business.
• The size of the business.
• If complaints have been filed, whether in BBB’s opinion the business appropriately responded to them.
• If complaints have been filed, whether in BBB’s opinion the business resolved the complaints in a timely manner to the customer’s satisfaction.
• If complaints have been filed, whether in BBB’s opinion the business made a good faith effort to resolve complaints, even if the customer was not satisfied with the resolution.
• If complaints have been filed, whether in BBB’s opinion the business failed to resolve the underlying cause(s) of a pattern of complaints.
• The age of resolved complaints. Older resolved complaints have less of an impact on the rating than newer complaints.

BBB analysis of a business’s complaint history generally takes into account the business’s size if BBB has reliable information to establish its size. If BBB cannot reliably determine business size, it will consider the business to fall within BBB’s smallest size category.

2.   Type of business.

A business’s BBB rating is lowered if, in BBB’s opinion, the business is a type of business that raises marketplace concerns or is believed to operate in violation of the law.

3.   Time in business.

A business’s BBB rating is based, in part, on the length of time the business has been operating. If BBB is unable to obtain, from the business or from other sources, information about time in business that BBB deems reliable, BBB will consider business to have started at the time BBB opened its file on the business.

4.   Transparent Business Practices.

A business’s BBB rating is lowered if BBB determines that the business is not being transparent about its marketplace conduct. This includes situations where:

• A business does not provide complete information about products and services offered, and/or ownership.
• A business uses false addresses or an address cannot be determined.

5.   Failure to honor commitments to BBB.

A business’s BBB rating is lowered if a business does not honor its commitments to BBB, including commitments to abide by a mediation settlement or an arbitration award.

6.   Licensing and government actions known to BBB.

A business’s BBB rating is lowered when BBB has knowledge of the following:

• Failure of the business to have required competency licensing (i.e., licensing that requires a competency assessment or can be taken away based on misconduct by business).
• Finalized government actions against the business that relate to its marketplace activities and, in BBB’s opinion, raise questions about the business’s ethics or its reliability in providing products/services. Government action deductions consider several factors including how the case is finalized as well as the amount of restitution, penalties or fines imposed against the business. However, older government actions have less of an impact than newer government actions of the same type.

BBB routinely checks required competency licensing and government actions before a business is accredited by BBB. BBB does not routinely check required competency licensing and government actions for businesses that do not seek BBB accreditation, although in some cases BBB learns of these matters through its marketplace research.

7.   Advertising issues known to BBB.

A business’s BBB rating is lowered when the business does not, in BBB’s opinion, appropriately respond to BBB advertising challenges that relate to:

• Misuse of the BBB name or BBB marks; or
• Questions about the truthfulness, accuracy or substantiation of advertising claims or compliance with the BBB Code of Advertising. Advertising issues may be rated as major, moderate or minor, and the rating deduction varies accordingly.

BBB advertising challenges are made at BBB’s discretion when it receives complaints from consumers or competitors about advertising or when BBB identifies questionable advertising through its monitoring of local media.

RATING POINTS

This chart shows the maximum number of points that can be earned or deducted in each element of the BBB rating system. A business’s total score is on a 100 point scale. Please note there are some categories in which businesses can only lose points, and for those categories a “0” is indicated as the maximum number of points that can be awarded.

Overview of rating points

Number	Element	Range of points that can be earned or deducted (maximum to minimum)
1.	Complaint Volume (Weighted by Complaint Age)	15 to 0
2.	Unanswered Complaints	40 to 0
3.	Unresolved Complaints	30 to 0
4.	Complaint Resolution Delayed	5 or 0
5.	Failure to Address Complaint Pattern	0 to -31
6.	Type of Business	0 to -41
7.	Time in Business	10 to 0
8.	Transparent Business Practices	0 or -5
9.	Failure to Honor Mediation/Arbitration	0 to -41
10.	Competency Licensing	0 or -41
11.	Government Action (per action)	0 to -34
12.	Advertising Review (per incident)	0 to -41
13.	BBB Trademark Infringement	0 or -41

LETTER RATING SCALE

This is the 100 point scoring scale BBB uses to assign letter grade ratings:

Overview of letter grade scale

From	To	Letter Rating
97	100	A+
94	96. 99	A
90	93.99	A-
87	89.99	B+
84	86.99	B
80	83.99	B-
77	79.99	C+
74	76.99	C
70	73.99	C-
67	69.99	D+
64	66.99	D
60	63.99	D-
0	59.99	F

11 Sites Where You Can Find Employee Reviews (Besides Fairygodboss)

Employer reviews and employee review sites are an invaluable resource for job-seekers.

If you’re looking for a job and wondering what it’s like to work at a prospective company, you should take advantage of all the places online where you can hear from employees leaving user reviews of their workplaces. Gone are the days when you only heard a one-way message from the employers themselves within employee performance reviews.

Of course, if you have a personal connection with someone you trust who works at a company, you might wonder whether you still need to look at employee reviews. The answer may be personal and depending on the relationship you have with this contact, but at the same time, it can’t hurt to get a sense of what others say. If for no other reason than to assess morale and the overall feeling of others you’ll be working with, it’s helpful to get a sense of what other people are saying. Moreover, there are certain situations where your contact may know less about what it’s like to work in a particular department or within a certain functional area and a job review can help you fill out missing details from a single third-person account. (In the case of Fairygodboss, you may want to hear from a particular group of people specifically, e.g. women or other minority groups of employees).

Regardless of how extensively you rely on employee reviews, job reviews are clearly a win for employees who are trying to understand an employer’s culture, employer brand, whether their compensation and pay are fair, and learn about human resources benefits and company policies. We believe in transparency at Fairygodboss, and believe that job candidates should do their part before entering an employer-employee relationship by doing their homework.

You may be thinking to yourself that since a job review from an employee is anonymous, perhaps it isn’t trustworthy. Certainly, there’s no way to verify the identities of people on employee review sites and how credible individual job reviews are. Employer review websites may not be perfect but if a website employes a human-review process for a user-generated content and their process for content moderation and evaluation is rigorous, fake reviews will be rare.

Another reaction you may intuitively have about employee review sites is that the human resources department must frown upon using them. However, that’s probably no longer the case at a majority of companies. The HR department has gotten used to the fact that they cannot control what employees say online about their jobs (whether through employee review site or simply on their social media profiles or personal blogs). Some HR professionals even appreciate the transparency in helping their employer brand or to receive employee feedback that’s candid.

Ultimately, the power of information on the internet allows employees to understand what they’re getting into when they are applying for employment at a new firm, interviewing and accepting a job offer. Job seekers should use all available resources in order to make decisions about where they will find the best job-fit.

Fairygodboss

First, take a look at the reviews available on Fairygodboss, where we aggregate women’s opinions and workplace experiences like so:

Overall Company Reviews. In addition to aggregating female employees’ overall job satisfaction levels, we provide a summary of whether women think their company treats men and women equally and fairly at work, and whether they would recommend their employer to other women.

• Actual Salaries by job and industry. Unlike some review sites, Fairygodboss does not ask for a specific number when it comes to compensation. However, we do ask job review providers to associate their review with a salary range so as to help provide contextual information about yourselt to someone reading your review. While this runs the risk of compromising anonymity, so does asking for a specific compensation data point since your salary or bonus may be relatively unique.
• Parental Leave Guide by Company. We try to help parents-to-be understand not only what maternity and paternity leave policies may be at an employer but whether it is really socially acceptable at a company for an employee to take their full allotment of leave, and whether doing so would jeopardize their career progression or stigmatize them as a less committed employee.
• Work-Life Balance Guide for those looking for a more flexible position. We believe that it’s important to understand the flexibility of a job or employer and comments about the ability to work remotely, flexible and/or part-time are very important aspects of whether a job or company is desirable.

We would never suggest that any one site captures all the information you need if you’re trying to conduct a thorough analysis of potential employers. To that end, if you’re interested in other sources of job reviews, we’ve compiled a list of 11 additional places you can go to see free and anonymous employee reviews:

Glassdoor is probably the best known website for employees to leave reviews of employers. They have a huge number of people who rate their CEOs, and Glassdoor reviews provide open-ended pros and cons of working at those companies.

Best known for aggregating millions of jobs across the internet by scraping websites that list open positions, Indeed also provide job reviews where users rank their employers with according to a 5-star scale and list pros and cons.

Vault came into prominence with it’s industry rankings, that were based on employee survey answers. Currently, Vault will provide access to premium research offerings in exchange for employee reviews and their reviews require employees to leave “uppers” and “downers” as well as comments about their current or former employers.

CareerBliss is a career community that contains employee reviews that include a 5-star rating system, as well as scores for things like company culture, colleagues and working setting, among other things. They also allow for open-ended commentary.

Kununu is a job review and listings site that allows employees to rate their employer on a 1-5 scale overall, as well as on many other factors such as job-security or leadership support. They are fully integrated with Monster, one of the first major online job boards.

JobAdvisor is an Australian job listings site that also features employee reviews. Users rate their company on a scale of 1-5 and list pros and cons, as well as rate things such as “Vision & Strategy” and “Work Environment.”

Ratemyemployer is a division of JobWings, a company based in Canada and focused on Canadian companies and employees. Employees may leave detailed 5-star ratings on a number of metrics ranging from “Stress” and “Business model, vision and strategy,” to “Feedback”.  

The JobCrowd is a UK based employee review site focused on recent graduates. Their employee reviews allow employees to rate the company on a 5-star scale and includes the job title of the reviewer as well as answers to the questions “What are the best and worst things about your company?” and “What do you actually do on a day-to-day basis?” 

Ivy Exec features company profile pages with candid and up-to-date reviews and ratings from employees on elements such as culture, prestige, work, leadership, and money as well as detailed breakdowns of the components for each topic. Their comprehensive review pages offer a holistic view of life at the company and employee satisfaction levels.

Comparably originally launched as a compensation data and culture platform and has recently launched employee reviews that allow employees to rate their employers on questions like “How would you rate your manager?” and “Do you look forward to interacting with your coworkers.”

Yelp is normally considered a restaurant or consumer business review site but employees are increasingly leaving reviews about their workplaces on the site. The reviews work in standard Yelp fashion and include a 5-star rating and comments. (To be clear, Yelp asks that employees of businesses do not leave reviews.)

The Context and Evolution of Employee Review Sites

Before the widespread availability of employee review sites, employee feedback was often relegated to the employee performance evaluation, employee self-evaluation forms, during the sporadic mid-year review or annual review. These days, however, employees also have the power to submit a performance appraisal… of the employer. Employee evaluations outside the control of the official channels can reveal useful information that may not otherwise come out during an annual employee review, even an anonymous one, for fear of being found out.

As the internet has increased the amount and dissemination paths of information overall, the workplace experiences that have previously been so cloaked and restricted to only the employees within a firm or a handful of recently departed works, have come to light. As a consequence, increasingly, the employee role is as a brand ambassador and representative of the company. Whether you perceive your role to be that or not, every employee now has the ability to make their voice heard and contribute to conversations around a company’s culture, policies and benefits.

As an employee review site ourselves, Fairygodboss gets even more specific. We have decided to focus specifically and exclusively on the female experience in the workplace because we say that when no questions are asked, the experiences employees would volunteer would veer towards overall observations at the expense of some very important personal perspectives. That’s why Fairygodboss has decided to steer clear of asking women the “pros” and “cons” of working somewhere. We have not done everything differently, just to be different for its own sake, however.

Example

Since all employee review sites seem to use them, we have caved in to the pressure to rate employers on a 5-star system (though admittedly, our design employes wings, instead of stars). In most cases, the questions we ask of the women in our community are based on what women we’ve spoken to say are the topics they want to hear about from other women, in particular. There are plenty of sites where you can get a general sense of a company’s culture. However, our questions about gender equality, what would cause women to stay at a company, and whether they would recommend the company to other women. These topics reflect the specificity we think women in the job-market really want to see.

How to Get the Most out of Employee Review Sites

Now that you’re armed with a list of resources, how do you proceed to make the most of this information without suffering from information overload? For starters, don’t forget that what’s true off-line is true online as well. Different people can have very different opinions of the same situation and even identical managers, much less, the entire company, so it’s best to try to understand whose opinions you’re really getting and whether you believe their perspective would be similar to yours. Read more than just one or two reviews to make sure that you’re getting a representative sense of what people say. While it may be tempting to simply read the most recent reviews, going back further in history will give you a sense of how a company has evolved.

• Pay attention to what you can learn about when an employee worked somewhere (e.g. a past employer may have biases against their former employer that a current employee does not have).
• Also, try to glean title, seniority, tenure and other aspects of the person whose job review are reading. Your goal is not to figure out the employee’s name but to understand whether their experience would be more or less comparable to yours given the specific job you’re looking for. This may mean you want to find out whether someone works in the particular office you are applying for a job in, or whether they work a comparable level of title to the one you would expect to receive. What you care about may be more identity driven. Is the reviewer another working mom, a minority, or someone who is otherwise under-represented in the workplace? Your identity does matter when it comes to whether you will experience the same conditions at work as those leaving job reviews.

Whatever job review site(s) you use, at the end of the day, the larger point is this: These days, there are many places you can discover what it’s like to work somewhere. Employers no longer have a monopoly on the information out there about work-life balance or information about employee engagement. Be sure to take advantage of the two-way conversation inherent in employee review sites when you’re doing your research with these 11 employee review sites.

What’s your no. 1 piece of advice for how to best use employer and company reviews? Share your answer in the comments to help other Fairygodboss members!

RAEX rating agency (RAEKS Analytics) – ratings, rankings, analytics and events

RAEX rating agency (RAEX ​​Analytics) – ratings, rankings, analytics and events

Current

• Ratings

  RAEX human rights: top 50 Russian companies that pay the most attention to human rights, diversity and inclusiveness (2023)

  07/17/2023

• Ratings

  ESG ranking of Russian companies (July 2023)

  07/03/2023

• News

  Survey of valuation companies and groups

  06/20/2023

• News

  Collection of questionnaires for the rating of charitable NGOs

  06/19/2023

• Ratings

  RAEX Top 50 supply chain

  06/15/2023

• Analytics

  The auditors have a shortage

  06/08/2023

• Ratings

  Rating of the best universities in Russia RAEX-100, 2023

  06/07/2023

Main

News

• We invite you to participate in the competition of annual reports

  07/20/2023

  News

• RAEX: the segment of leading IT companies is steadily expanding

  07/19/2023

  News

• Top-50 Russian companies in the field of human rights observance

  07/17/2023

  News

• The Public Chamber discussed joint ratings with RAEX

  07/11/2023

  News

• RAEX assigns ESG rating to Norilsk Nickel

  07/04/2023

  News

• RAEX updated the ESG ranking of Russian companies

  07/03/2023

  News

• The demand for technical audit and consulting is growing rapidly

  06/28/2023

  News

• RAEX assigned an ESG rating to PhosAgro

  06/27/2023

  News

Events

Ratings

All ratings

Opinions

All opinions

• “Clients have become more likely to order not complex long-term projects, but a set of short streams with clear results”

  Aisa Badaeva

  Director of S+Consulting

• “Information and analytical solutions aimed at sales growth and business development are of great importance”

  Andrey Oberemok

  General Director of TOT LLC (SberAnalitika)

• “In terms of ERP, there is a surge in import substitution projects on the market, in particular, the transition from SAP to 1C”

  Evgeny Sudarkin

  CEO PROF-IT GROUP

• “In the near future we will see an increasingly intensive process of transition to domestic software solutions that are already ready to cover up to 80% of business requests”

  Igor Kalganov

  General Director of T1 Holding.

Analytics

media about us

• News in Komsomolskaya Pravda about the ranking of companies on human rights

  07/24/2023

• Fontanka.ru about the ranking of IT companies according to RAEX

  07/24/2023

• News in Gazeta. ru about the leaders of the ESG ranking on human rights

  07/18/2023

• News in the ASI about the survey of NPOs

  06/27/2023

Partner news

• “University Book” launched a survey for the study of libraries

  07/17/2023

• Results of the Vedomosti conference at SPIEF 2023

  06/21/2023

• Vedomosti St. Petersburg invites you to an online conference dedicated to IT

  05/31/2023

• “Universitetskaya KNIGA” will hold a round table about samizdat

  05/23/2023

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to XX Annual Anniversary Practical Conference “Annual Reports: Leadership Experience”

120,000

people completed the online survey for RAEX-100

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Top 10 Best Private Elementary Schools in Durham, NC (2023)

School

Location

Grades

Students

Hill Learning Center

Special Education School

Add to Compare

(2)

3200 Pickett Road
Durham, NC 27705
(919) 489-7464

Grades: 1-12

| 166 students

The Studio School of Durham

Add to Compare

1201 W Woodcroft Parkway
Durham, NC 27713
(919) 967-2700

Grades: K-6

| 34 students

Trinity School of Durham & Chapel Hill

(Christian)

Add to Compare

(4)

4011 Pickett Road
Durham, NC 27705
(919) 402-8262

Grades: PK-12

| 583 students

Camelot Academy

Add to Compare

809 Proctor St
Durham, NC 27707
(919) 688-3040

Grades: K-12

| 134 students

Carolina Friends School

(Friends)

Add to Compare

(2)

4809 Friends School Road
Durham, NC 27705
(919) 383-6602

Grades: PK-12

| 517 students

Duke School

Add to Compare

3716 Erwin Road
Durham, NC 27705
(919) 768-9035

Grades: PK-8

| 482 students

Durham Academy

Add to Compare

3501 Ridge Road
Durham, NC 27705
(919) 489-3400

Grades: PK-12

| 1,233 students

Durham Academy Middle School Div

Add to Compare

3116 Academy Rd
Durham, NC 27707
(919) 489-9118

Grades: 5-8

| 379 students

Immaculata Catholic School

(Catholic)

Add to Compare

(1)

721 Burch Avenue
Durham, NC 27701
(919) 682-5847

Grades: PK-8

| 532 students

Triangle Day School

Add to Compare

4911 Neal Rd
Durham, NC 27705
(919) 383-8800

Grades: PK-8

| 320 students

Al Huda Academy

(Islamic)

Add to Compare

5104 Revere Rd
Durham, NC 27713
(919) 572-9500

Grades: PK-5

| 81 students

Bethesda Christian Academy

(Baptist)

Add to Compare

1914 S Miami Blvd
Durham, NC 27703
(919) 598-0190

Grades: K-9

| 176 students

Bryson Christian Montessori School

Montessori School

Add to Compare

6701 Garrett Road
Durham, NC 27707
(919) 490-0287

Grades: K-1

| 28 students

Cresset Christian Academy

(Baptist)

Add to Compare

3707 Garrett Rd
Durham, NC 27707
(919) 354-8000

Grades: PK-12

| 250 students

Durham Nativity School

All-boys

Add to Compare

1004 N. Mangum Street
Durham, NC 27701
(919) 597-7782

Grades: 5-8

| 61 students

Empowered Minds Academy

Alternative School

Add to Compare

1415 Holloway St
Durham, NC 27703
(919) 949-0147

Grades: K-8

| 10 students

Faith Assembly Christian Academy

(Christian)

Add to Compare

3120 Fayetteville St
Durham, NC 27707
(919) 687-2763

Grades: K-12

| 44 students

Fellowship Baptist Academy

(Baptist)

Add to Compare

515 Southerland St
Durham, NC 27703
(919) 596-9331

Grades: K-12

| 125 students

Five Oaks Seventh-day Adventist Christian School

(Seventh Day Adventist)

Add to Compare

4124 Farrington Rd
Durham, NC 27707
(919) 489-7777

Grades: K-8

| 10 students

Gift Of Knowledge Academy

Add to Compare

634 Poplar St
Durham, NC 27703
(919) 818-8181

Grades: K-2

| 4 students

Gorman Christian Academy & Early Learning Center

(Baptist)

Add to Compare

(1)

3315 E Geer St
Durham, NC 27704
(919) 688-2567

Grades: K-8

| 105 students

Hope Creek Academy

Special Education School

Add to Compare

4723 Erwin Rd
Durham, NC 27705
(919) 932-0360

Grades: K-12

| 52 students

International Montessori School

Special Program Emphasis

Add to Compare

(3)

3001 Academy Rd Ste 300
Durham, NC 27707
(919) 401-4343

Grades: PK-5

| 127 students

Lerner Jewish Community Day School

(Jewish)

Add to Compare

(2)

1935 W Cornwallis Rd
Durham, NC 27705
(919) 286-5517

Grades: PK-5

| 152 students

Liberty Christian School

(Baptist)

Add to Compare

3864 Guess Rd
Durham, NC 27705
(919) 471-5522

Grades: K-12

| 223 students

Montessori Community School

Montessori School

Add to Compare

(2)

4512 Pope Road
Durham, NC 27707
(919) 493-8541

Grades: PK-8

| 222 students

Montessori School Of Durham

Montessori School

Add to Compare

(3)

2800 Pickett Road
Durham, NC 27705
(919) 489-9045

Grades: NS-6

| 158 students

Mount Zion Christian Academy

(Christian)

Add to Compare

3519 Fayetteville St
Durham, NC 27707
(919) 688-4245

Grades: K-12

| 176 students

Quality Education Institute Of Durham

(Christian)

Add to Compare

800 Elmira Avenue
Durham, NC 27707
(919) 680-6544

Grades: PK-5

| 58 students

St.

IEP Development and Resources

The cornerstone of the IDEA is the entitlement of each eligible child with a disability to a free appropriate public education (FAPE) that emphasizes special education and related services designed to meet the child’s unique needs and that prepare the child for further education, employment, and independent living. 20 U.S.C. §1400(d)(1)(A). Under the IDEA, the primary vehicle for providing FAPE is through an appropriately developed IEP that is based on the individual needs of the child.

An IEP must take into account a child’s present levels of academic achievement and functional performance, and the impact of that child’s disability on his or her involvement and progress in the general education curriculum. IEP goals must be aligned with grade-level content standards for all children with disabilities. The child’s IEP must be developed, reviewed, and revised in accordance with the requirements outlined in the IDEA in 34 CFR 300.320 through §300. 324.

• Model IEP Template – August 2022
• Model Speech-Only IEP Template – August 2022
• Interactive Decision Making Teams Guide – August 2022
• Comprehensive Student Support Plan (printable)
• New Jersey Communication Plan for Students that are Deaf, Hard of Hearing, or Deaf-Blind (Form Fillable)

Use of the model forms is not required; however, providing the requested information will assist in expediting your request.

Annotated Sample Written Notice

Invitation to a Meeting:

• Identification/Evaluation Planning Meeting
• Invitation to a Meeting – Request for Excusal of Required CST Member
        Area being discussed
        Area not being Discussed
• Student Invitation to an IEP Meeting – Transition Planning
       Turning Age 14
       Turning Age 16
• Consent to Invite Agency Representative(s)
       Student
       Parent
• Consent to Invite an Early Intervention Service Coordinator to an Initial IEP Meeting
• Disciplinary Action

Notices Following a Meeting:

• Initial Identification/Evaluation Planning
        Evaluation
        No Evaluation
• Initial Eligibility
        Eligible
        Not Eligible
• IEP Review
• Reevaluation Planning
        Assessment(s) will be conducted
        No assessment will be conducted
• Re-determination of Eligibility
        Eligible
        Not Eligible
• Disciplinary Action
        Interim Alternative Education Setting
        Manifestation Determination

Additional Forms and Notices:

• Manifestation Determination
• Request to Amend an IEP without a Meeting
• Triennial Reevaluation Cover Letter and Waiver
• Notice of Transfer of Rights
        Parent Version
        Student Version
• Summary of Performance
• Notice of Graduation
• Parental Revocation of Consent
        Meeting – Notice of Revocation of Consent
        No Meeting – Notice of Revocation of Consent

Other Forms and Documentation

• Private Schools for the Disabled Tuition Contract
• Special Education Tuition Contract Agreement
• Initial Uniform Application Process
  • Memo to School Districts
  • Sample Letter
  • NJ Department of Human Services, Division of Developmental Disabilities Fact Sheet
  • Developmentally Disabled Uniform Application Act
  • Initial Uniform Application
• Sample Service Plans for Eligible Students Parentally Placed in Nonpublic Schools
  • Memo to school districts and service providers from the Offices of Special Education and Program Support Services 
  • Request For IDEA Services – Non-Annotated
  • Service Plan Components
• SEMI Forms for Parents and Annual Consent

Development of the Transition Components in IEPs

• Preparing for Successful Transition Planning (see Toolkit Topic 6 above)
• Sample Activities/Strategies for Statements of Transition Services (pdf)
• Sample Postsecondary Goals 

The information and resources relates to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) from the U. S. Department of Education (Department) and other Federal agencies. These resources also include technical assistance centers funded by the Department and other Federal agencies. The New Jersey Department of Education’s Office of Special Education did not contibute to to development of these resources.

USED Guidance and Resources

• Return to School Roadmap: Development and Implementation of Individualized Education Programs (Sept. 30, 2021)

Federally Funded Technical Assistance Centers’ Resources

• OSEP Symposia Series
  • High Expectations and Appropriate Supports: The Importance of IEPs
  • Increasing Capacity for Developing High-Quality IEPs/IFSPs
• Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center
  • Individualized Education Program

IDEA 2004 Reauthorization Resources

• Question-and-Answer Documents
  • Individualized Education Programs (IEPs), Evaluations and Reevaluations: Word | PDF

OSE Toolkit Resource Documents

• Decision Making throughout the IEP Process
• Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) Decision Making Guide
• Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) Model IEP Form
• Performance Area Checklist for Parents
• Present Levels (PLAAFP) Checklist
• Rationale for Removal from General Education Resource Guide
• Resources for Addressing Student Needs in General Education Settings
• Resource Tool for Considering Assistive Technology (RTCAT)
• Selection of Supports in General Education Classrooms: Guiding Questions
• Transition Planning for Students in a Separate Setting

 

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Special Services / What is an IEP?

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• An IEP (or Individualized Education Plan) is a term used to describe the official documentation of special education services that will be provided to your child as well as the meeting where the services are determined.   It is a legal document identifying the district “offer” of services.  Below are key details to help you better understand the IEP.

   

  The IEP is:

  • A meeting where parents, students when appropriate, and school personnel jointly make decisions about an educational program for a student with a disability.
  • A document that is a written record of the decisions reached at the meeting for a student who will receive special education and related services.
  • A management tool used to implement the IEP.

   

  The IEP has a number of purposes and functions:

  • The IEP meeting serves as a communication tool between parents and educators and enables them, as equal participants, to jointly decide what the student’s needs are, what services will be provided to meet those needs, and what the anticipated outcomes may be.
  • The IEP process provides an opportunity for resolving any differences between the parents and the school concerning the special education needs of a student with a disability – first, through the IEP meeting, and second, if necessary, through the procedural protections that are available to parents.
  • The IEP sets forth in writing a commitment to provide services and resources necessary to enable a student with a disability to receive needed special education services.

   

  The IEP is not:

  • The IEP is not a daily lesson plan, but it does cover an entire year (365 days).
  • The IEP is not an evaluation report.  An evaluation report describes your child’s strengths and needs.  The information from an evaluation report is used to help write the IEP.
  • The IEP is not a contract. It does describe things you and the school have agreed to do for your child.
  • The IEP is not a comprehensive curriculum.  It related to special considerations within your child’s overall education.
  • The IEP is not timeless.  As your child grows and changes, the IEP will need to reflect these developments.  

Private or public school – what is better to choose for a child

We will look into this issue and describe all the minuses, pluses and differences of each type of school.

Should I send my child to a private school? Many parents have probably asked themselves this question. It is impossible to answer this question unambiguously, because everything depends on many factors, pluses and minuses of both types of schools. Let’s look at the advantages and disadvantages of private and public schools. And you will only need to analyze all this and draw your own conclusions which is better.

So, let’s start with the state ones.

Public schools: benefits

“

• Free education . The compulsory program is taught completely free of charge. If they require a day from you, you can contact law enforcement agencies.
• Close to home . In general education schools, children are distributed according to their place of residence, therefore, as a rule, children go to schools that are a few minutes walk from home or 2-3 stops by transport.

Disadvantages

“

• Many students in class . Because of this, the child may sit far from the teacher and not always fully absorb the material. Also, there is a greater likelihood of any conflicts, since there are many children and everyone has their own character, manners, habits. Perhaps some children will be from dysfunctional families, and children learn everything from adults and, first of all, from their parents.
• No individual approach . During the lessons it is simply impossible to devote enough time to each of the 20-30 students in the class. Therefore, whoever grasps the material on the fly is lucky. And if something is not clear, then the student may not wait for an answer.
• All accessories separately . If a child wants to do something interesting besides studying in a compulsory program: dancing, sports, going to various circles, then most likely they will have to visit other institutions, not at school. And for some money.

How are the private schools?

In private schools, everything is completely different: pluses

“

• Individual approach . The child will be given as much time and attention of the teacher as he needs to learn the material.
• Professional teachers . In such educational institutions, special attention is paid to the selection of teachers. After all, not only what children learn, but also the reputation of the school depends on them, and this means a lot.
• Small classes . There are no more than 15 people in the classes. This also motivates the child to study more diligently. A small number contributes to a more individual approach.
• Opportunity to attend additional classes within the school . You can go in for sports, sculpt from plasticine, draw, dance and practice acting skills, here you can without leaving the school. All in one place. This is not the case everywhere, but in most of these institutions.

Disadvantages

“

• Paid education . Parents should realistically assess financial opportunities, since education is quite expensive. But here you need to understand how high a level of development a child can get in a private school.
• Location . There are few private schools, so it is likely that such a school will be far from your home. But, on the other hand, if you are by car, then taking the child and picking it up at the end of the day most likely will not be a problem.
• Not all children can be accepted . Certain requirements are imposed on the child and parents when enrolling in such a school. Therefore, even if you have enough funds to pay for the education, this is not a guarantee of admission.

Now you see all the pros and cons of both types of schools and you can draw your own conclusions and decide where to send your children.

In addition to the advantages of private schools described above, in the Mandarin educational space, children go for walks in the fresh air in a picturesque place. Here the child can be left for the whole day: from 8:00 to 20:00, 5 meals a day and any additional classes are included in the price. For more details, see the Learning at School section.

Read also:

Everything about alternative education

What is it and what types are there.

How to prepare a child for school?

We will look into this issue and describe all the nuances and suggest what needs to be done.

Find out more about Mandarin! Get a consultation by phone or come to our school for a trial day! By clicking on the button, you agree to the processing of personal data in accordance with policy

Private school or public school: what to choose, which is better, what is different

In the modern world, the value and demand for quality education is growing every year, so more and more parents begin to think about choosing a school for their child long before the future first grader enters. It is necessary to think over all the pros and cons of the educational institution. Indeed, the school stage is one of the main stages in the formation of the personality and development of each person, and therefore his success in the future. Do not rush into this important decision.

Which type of school do parents trust more – public or private education? Here is the main question they face. Of course, there is no simple and unambiguous answer to it, since each option has its own advantages and disadvantages, which we will discuss today in our article.

How are private schools different from public schools?

Recently, parents tend to choose private education, the main feature of which is the possibility of implementing an individual approach to each child. In the British International School, only 7-15 children study in a class, which makes it possible to devote enough attention and time to each child, while the state school is not able to provide such an approach due to the significant congestion of the classes.

Moreover, at the stage of admission, future students must pass a mandatory test and interview. Based on the results of these entrance tests, teachers and psychologists evaluate not only the personal development of each child, but also determine the conditions for his future development, the characteristics of physical and psychological maturation, his interests and inclinations. For more information about admission to the school, you can find out by going to our official website https://bismoscow.com/ru/company/

Monitoring at an early stage at the British International School allows you to choose the right approach, taking into account the individual, which in the future will help reduce the level of stress that a child may experience during training. Taking into account the level of preparation, parents understand whether their child is ready to study in this particular educational institution.

If you are worried that your child needs a preschool course of study, then BIS offers several programs for preschool development at the international and Russian departments of the school. For example, for applicants to an international educational program for children aged 3-4, there is an opportunity to study at the Foundation Stage, which helps them speed up the process of adaptation at school.

In private schools, much attention is paid to ensuring comfortable conditions within the walls of the educational institution. Also, children are provided with full and varied nutrition, and qualified doctors and security guards help to create a safe environment for children of any age.

Another important plus is the organization of extracurricular activities, various trips, including to the countries of the language being studied.

But what can be in common between public and private schools?

The key similarity of schools is that both types of educational institutions have state accreditation and issue state-recognized certificates upon graduation. Senior students also take the Unified State Examination and study according to federal standards at the Russian branch of the BISU.

However, unlike a state institution, a private school has the opportunity to include international programs in its work, to obtain international quality licenses. If parents are considering the possibility of getting higher education abroad, a huge plus of the British International School is the availability of A-Level or International Baccalaureate programs, recognized by world educational standards. Their results are recognized not only in Great Britain, but also in all countries of the world as entrance exams to many higher educational institutions.

BMS is internationally recognized and accredited by the Council of British International Schools (COBIS) and is one of two schools in Moscow with this accreditation.

Thus, private education is the most modern and high-quality educational programs, selected specifically for the needs of each student. While in public schools the classrooms are often overcrowded with a general shortage of teachers, consequently, the educational achievements of schoolchildren do not bring the desired results. If the child does not have time to perceive the information in the lesson, he often does not understand the material. Parents have no choice but to turn to tutors for help.

Pros and cons of a private school

If you still have not made a decision in this difficult and responsible choice, let’s sum up the “pros” of private education:

1. First of all, it is a quality education and effective training programs. The future of the child depends on the correct choice of the training program. The British International School provides 2 educational programs – Russian and British. The basis of the Russian program is the Federal State Educational Standard, the classes are taught by Russian teachers with great experience, in addition, additional classes in English with native speakers are provided.

2. Control over the quality of education in private schools is stricter, the school is accredited every 4 years. The British International School is accredited not only by the Department of Moscow, but also has international accreditation of educational programs, is a member of the Council of International Schools (CIS).

3. Comfortable classroom environment. A small number of students, support and attentive attitude to everyone are the main priorities of private schools in organizing work. With an individual approach at school, children feel more comfortable, there are favorable opportunities for developing the potential and strengths of an individual student.

4. Modern material base. Classes at BMSh are equipped with new equipment and comfortable furniture. The school also has gyms, a protected area and medical support in order to make the child’s stay at school safe.

5. educational methods. The educational process is designed in such a way that each child develops individually. In the international program, instead of the usual tests, students develop and defend their own projects. Game materials are often used in the lessons so that children take in information and new material with pleasure, can use it correctly in a suitable situation, and not just memorize topics.

6. Qualified teachers. It is important that teachers are professionals in their field, always ready to help the student. At the British International School, future educators go through a complex selection process. At the moment, all teachers of the BIS international program are qualified specialists from the UK, other English-speaking countries and Russia with extensive work experience.

7. Extracurricular activities. Extra-curricular activities help students broaden their horizons, increase their erudition, and deepen their knowledge. Learning through educational games, themed days, interest clubs – all this is just a part of what awaits your child upon admission to the BIS.

However, the non-state educational institution has its drawbacks. A serious difficulty for studying in a private school, of course, is the cost of education. However, a number of schools, including BIS, offer various loyalty programs for early contracting or for the education of two or more children for payment.

SAP Consultant Salary (July 2023)

Rank	State	Avg. Salary	Hourly Rate	Job Count
1	Oklahoma	$91,412	$43.95	465
2	Nevada	$105,107	$50.53	150
3	Oregon	$95,976	$46. 14	368
4	California	$107,596	$51.73	2,338
5	Pennsylvania	$88,610	$42.60	964
6	Arizona	$93,330	$44.87	374
7	Washington	$104,105	$50.05	381
8	Mississippi	$87,255	$41. 95	270
9	South Dakota	$84,960	$40.85	168
10	Rhode Island	$87,742	$42.18	168
11	Texas	$88,830	$42.71	1,162
12	Utah	$86,158	$41.42	302
13	District of Columbia	$90,631	$43. 57	284
14	Alaska	$97,381	$46.82	32
15	Connecticut	$89,102	$42.84	269
16	Hawaii	$95,924	$46.12	64
17	New Jersey	$88,665	$42.63	732
18	Idaho	$87,637	$42. 13	100
19	Alabama	$82,693	$39.76	579
20	New York	$90,751	$43.63	825
21	Minnesota	$86,616	$41.64	477
22	North Carolina	$84,543	$40.65	675
23	Ohio	$82,665	$39. 74	688
24	Arkansas	$83,237	$40.02	161
25	Kansas	$83,864	$40.32	174
26	Maryland	$88,499	$42.55	319
27	Vermont	$82,528	$39.68	70
28	Montana	$82,676	$39. 75	86
29	Kentucky	$82,759	$39.79	165
30	New Mexico	$83,908	$40.34	102
31	New Hampshire	$81,671	$39.26	142
32	Wisconsin	$81,975	$39.41	314
33	Louisiana	$83,548	$40. 17	153
34	Colorado	$86,763	$41.71	242
35	Georgia	$83,038	$39.92	549
36	Michigan	$81,919	$39.38	356
37	Massachusetts	$82,281	$39.56	627
38	Maine	$83,576	$40. 18	45
39	Indiana	$80,925	$38.91	312
40	Missouri	$81,076	$38.98	364
41	Tennessee	$80,561	$38.73	263
42	Florida	$80,248	$38.58	1,004
43	Wyoming	$81,228	$39. 05	26
44	Illinois	$80,385	$38.65	902
45	South Carolina	$81,101	$38.99	165
46	Virginia	$80,577	$38.74	588
47	Iowa	$80,778	$38.84	116
48	Nebraska	$80,188	$38. 55	115
49	Delaware	$80,946	$38.92	55
50	West Virginia	$74,679	$35.90	79
51	North Dakota	$72,237	$34.73	49

SAP Management Consultant Salary | $65K-$156K+

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• Management Consultant

Median Package

SAP

Value Advisor

Vancouver, BC, Canada

Total per year

$156K

Level

T2

Base

$108K

Stock (/yr)

$48K

Bonus

$0

Years at company

4 Years

Years exp

4 Years

What are the career levels at SAP?

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Vesting Schedule

33. 3%

YR 1

33.3%

YR 2

33.4%

YR 3

Stock Type

RSU

At SAP, Main RSUs are subject to a 3-year vesting schedule:

• 33.3% vests in the 1st-year (33.30% annually)

• 33.3% vests in the 2nd-year (33.30% annually)

• 33.4% vests in the 3rd-year (33.40% annually)

20%

YR 1

40%

YR 2

40%

YR 3

Stock Type

RSU

At SAP, Main RSUs are subject to a 3-year vesting schedule:

• 20% vests in the 1st-year (20.00% annually)

• 40% vests in the 2nd-year (40.00% annually)

• 40% vests in the 3rd-year (40.00% annually)

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FAQ

What is the highest Management Consultant salary at SAP?

The highest paying salary package reported for a Management Consultant at SAP sits at a yearly total compensation of $211,893. This includes base salary as well as any potential stock compensation and bonuses.

How much do SAP Management Consultant employees get paid?

The median yearly total compensation reported at SAP for the Management Consultant role is $137,445.

SAP Consulting | EN | Average salary survey 2023

COUNTRIES STATUS (US) CITIES CAREER GROUPS CAREER

House Russia IT and programming II SAP Consulting SALARY SURVEYS 4 UPDATED July 2023 About salary data? CALCULATE THE OPTIMAL SALARY! (based on your career and experience) AVERAGE SALARY / YEAR MOST TYPICAL EARNINGS / YEAR Tax Net (after taxes) 1 USD = 1 USD $55,969 USD Moscow $4,522,501 $37,000 USD Including “Moscow” Excluding “Moscow” Every employed person on the world should know this website. You can help a lot if you add your survey and tell others about the site. It is translated into 35 languages. The average salary for SAP Consulting / Russia is 4,522,501 RUB per year. The most typical income is 2,989,736 RUB . All data are based on salary surveys 4 . The wages of men and women are different. Men receive an average salary of 4,371,479 RUB . Women receive a salary of n/a . In terms of education level, the highest salaries are received by people with a Bachelor’s degree salary 5,842,106 RUB . Second highest level of education – Master’s degree with salary 4,977,507 RUB . Different experience also affects earnings. People with 8-12 years of experience receive a salary of 5,842,106 RUB . Employees with 4-8 years of experience receive 4,581,569 RUB . Salary levels (RUB) per year Reviews [%] 242,400 RUB – $403,899 0 n/a 404,000 RUB – 807,999 RUB 0 n/a 808,000 RUB – $1,211,999 0 n/a 1,212,100 RUB – $1,615,999 0 n/a 1,616,100 RUB – $2,019,999 0 n/a 2,020,100 RUB – $2,423,999 0 n/a 2,424,100 RUB – $2,827,999 0 n/a MOST TYPICAL WAGE 2,828,100 RUB – $3,232,099 1 100% 25% 3,232,100 RUB – $3,636,099 0 n/a 3,636,200 RUB – $4,040,099 0 n/a 4,040,200 RUB – $4,444,099 1 75% 25% 4,444,200 RUB – 4,848. 099 USD 0 n/a 4,848,200 RUB – 5,252.199 USD 1 50% 25% 5,252,200 RUB – $5,656,199 0 n/a 5,656,300 RUB – $6,060,199 1 25% 25% 6,060,300 RUB – $6,464,199 0 n/a 6,464,300 RUB – $6,868,199 0 n/a 6,868,300 RUB – $7,272,299 0 n/a 7,272,300 RUB – $7,676,299 0 n/a 7,676,400 RUB – $8,080,299 0 n/a 8,080,400 RUB – $8,484,299 0 n/a 8,484,400 RUB – $8,888,299 0 n/a 8,888,400 RUB – $9,292,299 0 n/a 9,292,400 RUB – $9,696,399 0 n/a 9,696,400 RUB – $10,100,399 0 n/a 10,100,500 RUB – $10,504,399 0 n/a 10,504,500 RUB – $10,908,399 0 n/a 10,908,500 RUB – $11,312,399 0 n/a 11,312,500 RUB – $11,716,499 0 n/a 11,716,500 RUB – $12,120,499 0 n/a HIGH SALARY $12,120,600 – $12,928,499 0 n/a 12,928,600 RUB – $13,736,499 0 n/a 13,736,600 RUB – $14,544,599 0 n/a 14,544,700 RUB – $15,352,599 0 n/a 15,352,700 RUB – $16,160,699 0 n/a $16,160,700 – $16,968,699 0 n/a 16,968,800 RUB – $17,776,699 0 n/a 17,776,800 RUB – $18,584,799 0 n/a 18,584,800 RUB – $19,392,799 0 n/a 19,392,900 RUB – $20,200,799 0 n/a 20,200,900 RUB – $28,281,299 0 n/a

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Be Creative With Your Writable Walls

Do you want to work in a modern and productive working environment? Then it is time to get creative

Install a whiteboard wall in your office and make changes to the way you work. It’s easier than you think.

Get creative with your whiteboard wall and you can help meetings and everyday work tasks become more engaging, easier to complete and fun too.

Find out some of the ways you can get more creative with your whiteboard wall here.

Draw Up Company Murals

Have you got visitors coming to your office? Hosting an event?

It helps to get creative with your whiteboard wall.

Draw a huge mural dedicated to your company on one of your walls and wow visitors as they come in.

Or dedicate the wall to an event and invite attendees to write  their feedback up on the wall for everyone to see.

Your walls don’t need to just be for other people though.

Why not use it to draw seasonally inspired drawings? You can have one for springtime, Halloween, Christmas, whatever season of holiday your company feels like celebrating.

It will look great and it’s an interesting way to make use of your surface.

Add Functionality To Your Digital Print

Have you got a digital print or are considering adding one to your office?

You can make a digital print with any image you can think of. Create a large version of your logo, an image showcasing your products, it can be anything you like.

Why you’re at it, why not make it writable as well?

Get creative and top coat your digital print with Whiteboard Paint in Clear. Not only will your wall look great, it will be functional as well.

One of the best ways we’ve seen this used is a customer who added functionality to a map in their office. It enabled them to get an overall view of the markets they were supplying to and identify where  they might next target distributors.

Now that’s being creative.

Make Things Colourful And Creative

Did you know that whiteboard walls don’t need to be white?

It’s true. You can create a writable surface in any colour you wish. Red, blue and green walls can all become whiteboards.

But how can this help you become more creative?

Well, office walls are traditionally white. By adding a bright colourful wall people will be instantly drawn to it and eager to get writing on it.

Your colleagues will be more driven, you’ll have a huge amount of space to work as individuals or groups and everyone can find a way to use in for their own projects.

Find out more about how you can create whiteboard walls here.

Have you any questions regarding our products? Call us on the relevant number below:

US:   1800 932 1609    UK: 0203 5145395

IE: 01 4126200            CA: 1800 948 9438

Find out how you can use functional walls to manage your projects better here.

Are you looking for alternatives to whiteboards? See our suggestions here.

Transforming Your Walls – Write On Wallpapers

Tired of having limited space to work on? Want to make your office more eco-friendly and reduce the amount of paper you use?

Then why not consider wallpapers that you can write on for your space?

Yes, we really mean it.

With dry erase wallpaper you can transform the way you work by increasing productivity and working more efficiently.

Want to learn more?

Then keep reading below to discover all of the ways you can benefit from having wallpaper that you can write on in your office.

Unlimited Space To Work

Ever wanted a large area to explore your ideas upon? This isn’t a reality with traditional whiteboards, notebooks or flipcharts.

With a whiteboard wallpaper you can make this happen. All of Smarter Surfaces Wallpapers can be used to cover an entire wall – or all the walls of an office or classroom – and transform them into writable surfaces.

You’ll be able to use your wall as a canvas to explore ideas without having to flip a page.

When working in a team, no one will need to wait for a space as the entire wall will be free to use.

During meetings you can assign everyone a wall to work on so that they can brainstorm and get their ideas out into the open.

You can even keep everyone informed of sales targets or important updates by writing it directly on to your wall.

With writable wallpaper, the possibilities are endless.

Encourage Team Engagement With Active Meetings

Getting your team engaged in meetings can at times be a difficult task. Especially when everyone is sitting around a boardroom table while one person uses a flipchart.

It doesn’t have to be this way.

With whiteboard wallpapers you can get your colleagues out of their seats and on to their feet.

Getting everyone actively involved will make meetings, and office work in general, more productive.

Promoting activity during your meetings can also help your staff members be more focused on the task at hand.

Wallpapers that you can write on are truly the perfect solution for active and engaging meetings

Who wouldn’t want the chance to write on a wall?

Want more than one functionality? Enjoy wallpapers that you can write on, project on and use neodymium magnets with at the same time.

Enhance Your Décor with Write On Wallpapers that Offer Both Functionality and Visual Appeal

It isn’t just about functionality though, is it?

Certainly you need walls in your office that look good as well.

Our range of wallpapers that you can write on are available in white.

This means that they will blend seamlessly into your current design scheme, so that you won’t have to sacrifice style for functionality.

Why Choose Smarter Surfaces Whiteboard Wallpapers?

There are currently 4 whiteboard wallpapers in the Smarter Surfaces wallpaper range:

• Smart Whiteboard Wallpaper
• Smart Whiteboard Wallpaper – Low Sheen
• Smart Magnetic Whiteboard Wallpaper
• Smart Magnetic Whiteboard Wallpaper – Low Sheen

All whiteboard wallpapers come with a 10 year guarantee and contain the following benefits:

• Perform just like a whiteboard, with no size limitations.
• Transform any wall or room into a modern, clutter-free and collaborative working area.
• Can be hung vertically, horizontally and even on curved walls.
• Independently tested and certified for classification of reaction to fire.

What Is The Best Whiteboard Wallpaper For You?

So, with all of these different options, which is the best whiteboard wallpaper for you?

If you’re just looking to replace your current whiteboard with a limitless writable area, why not try Smart Whiteboard Wallpaper?

Do you want to make your meetings more interactive by projecting and writing on to your whiteboard surface at the same time? Then you should check out Smart Whiteboard Wallpaper – Low Sheen. The matte finish of this wallpaper reduces glare from your projector, leaving you with a high quality projection surface.

Trying to better organize your office or classroom? With Smart Magnetic Whiteboard Wallpaper you can enjoy a strong magnetically receptive surface as well as a high quality whiteboard surface.

How about getting the absolute most out of your surfaces with Smart Magnetic Whiteboard Wallpaper – Low Sheen? That’s right. You can write, project and even use neodymium and rare earth magnets on the one wallpaper. It truly is the one stop product for all of your office needs.

Wallpapers that you can write on really do work. So why don’t you try them for yourself?

Understand difference between whiteboards and whiteboard wallpapers.

Discover our top tips on installing functional wallpapers.

Smarter Surfaces products are used and trusted by top brands such as Google, Virgin Media and Coca-Cola.

Have you any questions regarding our products? Then call us on the relevant number below:

US: 1800 932 1609 UK: 0203 5145395

IE: 01 4126200 CA: 1800 948 9438

You can write flawless technical specifications, but what’s the point if your developer is crying? / Sudo Null IT News

A spherical product owner works in a galaxy far, far away. He scribbles notes on a napkin and silently hands it to the developers. And soon he receives a finished product that 100% meets his expectations. Even if this product is a complex cross-platform service with blackjack and adaptability.

Is this possible in practice?

“No, brother, you won’t fool us! The terms of reference should be written long and meticulously, ”the gray-haired seniors will say. “TK is serious!” – the yellow-mouthed juns echo them. “My wife left me because of a short TK,” admits an experienced business analyst.

Let me disagree.

Writing a TOR does not have to be labor intensive. Moreover, good terms of reference are easier to write than bad ones. If you know some tricks, of course. I’ll tell you about this today. However, instead of napkins, I still recommend using confluence .

What’s wrong?

I have been writing problems for developers for over 11 years. Applications, games, web services, CRM systems, learning platforms and other other products are made using them. During this time, I went from writing 200-page design documents to concise terms of reference in several stories. And, of course, filled all possible cones.

Year after year, in different companies, I watched how the products, game designers, marketers set goals. And what are the consequences of various “features” of the design of these tasks. How they postpone the start of the sprint by a week, finding out what exactly the customer wants. As in a panic, they hotfix the functionality that has just been poured into production. How quickly the application rating drops due to unaccounted cases. How sales fall and loyal users leave. How developers burn out when they have to deal with problematic tasks.

I got the impression that too many of those who set development tasks do not know how to do it well . And the very question of the quality of technical specifications is out of focus: they say, I wrote the task and the norms, they won’t figure it out, or what? Moreover, there are always more interesting things: discussion of new hypotheses, rallies, coffee breaks. As a result, everyone suffers – customers, developers, and business.

Disclaimer

In this article, I’m talking about product development, where the task of the TOR is to effectively convey to the developers what needs to be done. That is, we are not talking about outsourcing, where a business analyst writes technical specifications in such a way as to protect himself from customer lawsuits.

There are two extremes when writing technical specifications

1. And so it will do!

This happens even among experienced products. They can invest heavily in market research, custom development, analytics … and then write some kind of vague task.
This leads to prolonged decomposition, unnecessary re-opens, post-release improvements, and even conflicts within the team. This leads to losses, in short.

This approach looks crazy to me. How to choose a good whiskey by reading dozens of reviews and interviewing kavist… To dilute it with cola and drink in one gulp without smelling or tasting. Do not do it this way!

But the option when the task is thought out but poorly described is not so bad. Because a good developer will ask questions, get answers, and get on with the job. And it also happens that the task is poorly described, because the customer himself did not understand the issue. As a rule, this becomes clear at the moment when the decomposition is already underway and the same developer starts asking questions. That’s all, dry the oars.

2. I am a technical writer with my mother

The opposite situation, when the product is sincerely sure that the more detailed the technical specification, the better.
Even if you need to change the color of one button, the template of the terms of reference opens and all fields are systematically filled in. This is, of course, a cartoon. But such an opinion, they say, the task should be described in as much detail as possible, is often found among products, developers, QA.

This is a harmful delusion.

Excessive detail turns the TOR into an impractical, unreadable document. Here are a few reasons why you shouldn’t write such a TOR:

• It slows down the entire development cycle, because it takes longer to write, longer to read, longer to decompose, and even to test longer.
• It is more difficult to find logical inconsistencies and missed negative cases in it – exactly the case when the forest is not visible for the trees.
• Good products come from system solutions, not hundreds of crutches and exceptions. Therefore, all small nuances like field validation should be fixed at the level of the entire product, and not prescribed in each individual task.
• Developers are smart guys, not dummy coders. They can make many correct decisions on their own, if they are not interfered with. The task of the product is to create a product that will be in demand on the market, and not to get into the nuances of technical implementation.
• Well, while the product is busy with meaningless scribbles – competitors will roll out 3 releases, and even have time to hold a corporate party.

Let me give you an example. Somehow I came to a team where it was customary to draw all the key permissions for responsive design, and then add them to the TOR. Instead, I suggested a one-time agreement on the rules by which adaptability works for us and … trust the layout designer. Now we showed in the TOR only the main resolution, and the rest was left at the discretion of the layout designer. Result:

• Designers cut the rendering time for new screens by at least half. They became happier as the routine was reduced.
• Terms of reference began to be written faster. They became easier to read and decompose.
• The layout designer felt like a person who participates in the process and influences the result, and not just copying the finished design one to one.
• QA no longer needed to compare all resolutions with design and technical specifications, so testing time was also reduced.
• The quality of adaptability has definitely not worsened (and even increased in some places), as the layout has become more conscious.

The larger the product you are working on, the higher the cost of an error and the more important the quality of the TK (thanks, cap!). Therefore, both options are not suitable if you are doing something more serious than a landing page. In large and competitive products, the writing of the TK should be fast, smart, rock and roll . Let’s see how to get there.

Requirements for a good, sincere terms of reference

1. TK should please the product
   And that means writing quickly, easily, with pleasure. Ideally, you don’t need to write a special specification at all, it should appear on its own in the process of work (I’ll talk about this later).
2. TK should please developers
   And that means to be as concise, simple and unambiguous as possible. Moreover, it is important not to complicate the TK, but it is even more important not to complicate the product. Those. you need to avoid confusing logic, tricky conditions, tricky mechanics. As a rule, if a product wraps up complex logic, it is not competent enough or not trying hard enough to make it easier.
3. TK should please PM -а
   This means that it is easy to break down into small, predictable, autonomous tasks. By “autonomous”, I mean tasks so fucking independent that they can be done in different sprints by developers who don’t know each other.
4. TK should please QA
   This means taking into account all the key states and negative cases that may arise. What user journeys are possible and how the product will behave in each of them. Migrations, default settings, blank screen states, that’s it.
5. TK should please the team leader
   And that means not to require any special rituals and explanations for transfer to development. For example, if a product has finished the TOR and is immediately, right in the office, hit by a bus, this should not prevent him from making the TOR in the best possible way.

Is it difficult to meet all these requirements? Not at all.

On the contrary, if you remember them, you won’t be able to write frankly bad technical specifications. Because all these requirements come down to only one thing – care for people who interact with this TK.

My format TK

This format is a rather loose mixture of user story + definition of done .

It appeared as a result of many years of evolution: every time I saw a systematic problem, I changed the format of my TK so that this problem would not arise in the future. The result is a concise and visually clean format that even juniors can easily pick up. Plus, it meets the requirements described above.

This is what a typical task (story) looks like in my TOR:

And no matter how big and complex the product we are developing, any TOR will consist of such simple stories (only their number will grow).

Let’s see what each story consists of. As a rule, one story is one feature or product mechanic. For example, a story can fully describe the registration of a new user. As a rule, one story is also enough for me to set a task for the layout of a new landing page.

If the TK is large and significant, then before the list of stories I briefly write: why we are doing it and what results we want to achieve . Just so that the developers have an overall picture.
In general, it turns out something like this:

Example

Okay, to understand how it works – let’s break some product into such stories. For example, we decided to make a neuro-bottle app. In it, the neural network will conduct heart-to-heart conversations with products that have not had a day (and no friends).

For simplicity, we assume that we already have a trained neural network and we need to make it an interface in the form of an application.

TK will probably consist of the following stories:

1. User authorization
2. User profile
3. Communication screen with a neuro-drinking buddy
4. Screen “Catalog of neurodrinkers”
5. Profile and settings screen
6. Payment popup
7. Analytics connection

It remains to paint each story (in the format indicated above) and give it to development. I told you it would be easy.

---

Tricky life hacks

There are a number of techniques that help me every day in the work on the product. Here are those that relate to writing technical assignments.

Lifehack #1: Iteratively refine

Now I don’t write technical specifications at all – they themselves, in the background, appear in the process of work. When a new task appears, I immediately figure out: what subtasks are needed to do this? And then I fix each subtask in the story format (only the name, the details will be later).

Thus, I have a generalized technical task ready right away. It remains only to detail the story to the extent that it will be possible to give the technical specification for development.

Detailing is also going on in the background: while I’m researching and thinking through the details, I immediately take notes inside the relevant stories. Instead of design, I insert prototypes from NinjaMock .

This approach noticeably speeds up the work. Plus, it allows you not to miss the big picture and not dig into the details ahead of time.

Life hack #2: Don’t work with genies

There was this old movie where a genie grants wishes in the worst possible way.

Of course, a sane developer will not specifically look for an opportunity to do harm. But sometimes people don’t care what they’re working on. Then they do the task “as written”, without really understanding why it is needed. Periodically, this will lead to large and small fails. Well, yes, the production went down … but no one wrote in the task what needs to be checked – whether such an implementation will break everything else.

I won’t say anything about outsourcing, but this approach is not acceptable in a product. A good developer builds a temple, not just lays bricks. That is, he sees the big picture and delves into what is happening. Such guys often offer alternative solutions and warn about pitfalls themselves.

Therefore, if you want your technical specifications to be done in the best possible way, then sometimes you need to improve not the technical specifications, but the development culture in the team. In general, this is the task of the PM, but the product can also influence the situation. Especially if the team trusts him (thanks to his thoughtful and well-designed TOR, for example).

Life hack #3: Separate technical specifications from documentation

The assignment answers the question “what needs to be done?”. And the documentation – to the question “how is it done / how does it work?”. TK is written before the implementation of the task, and documentation – after.

If I need to rearrange a cupboard, I will write a task in the spirit of “rearrange from here -> here”. But I will not draw an architectural plan of the house in which there is a closet.

Sometimes there is an opinion that technical specifications should be written in such a way that it would be at the same time and documentation . This is a pernicious theory. Full-fledged documentation will still not work, because it is not known in advance how exactly the terms of reference will be implemented. In addition, developers need leeway that the documentation doesn’t provide. Well, and most importantly, it takes much longer to write such a TK and it will turn out to be cumbersome.

There are different products and different startups. Someone can do without documentation at all. But if you still need documentation, hire a junior who will describe the functionality in detail already after its implementation. You don’t need special skills to describe the existing functionality, but you will save time and nerves of skill employees – products and developers.

Life hack #4: Learn to code

A purely empirical observation: products that know how to program are better at formulating tasks. Moreover, it is not necessary to become a senior backend engineer, it is enough to master any programming language and understand the essence of algorithmic thinking.

At one time, I was coding unrestrainedly on the chthonic Spectrum, and in my student years I even had the opportunity to write drivers in Assembler. That is, I am familiar with programming firsthand – and this, of course, helps to find a common language with developers.

Life hack #5: Think a lot, write a little

The biggest problems always arise with tasks that the customer himself does not fully understand. For example, he needs a new report in the admin panel, but he does not quite understand how this report will be generated. Like, tyzhprogrammers will figure it out. No, it doesn’t work that way.

The only way to write a good problem that gets done right is to get it right. Ideally, understand the problem enough that you could do it yourself … if you knew how to program.

But when you figured it out, you don’t need to throw out all the information you found in the TOR. Just a deep understanding of the task allows you to discard the superfluous and write only what matters.

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P.S. TK is a means, not an end. Therefore, sometimes the best TK is its absence. Someday I’ll tell you how I launched a couple of products without technical specifications at all.

P.P.S. If you have your own format for terms of reference or life hacks when writing them, please share in the comments.

“You can’t write investigations with one hand and advertising copy with the other” – Journalist

– Forbes is a business magazine. The brand is often associated with the name of the first editor-in-chief of the Russian version of the magazine, American investigative journalist Paul Klebnikov, who was killed in 2004. Does the journal continue the tradition of investigative journalism today?

— Of course, it is better to talk to the editors about this. I now work in commerce: we call special projects non-editorial content, which is marked as “Affiliate material” and “As advertising”. And we have a “Chinese wall” between commerce and the editorial board – the editorial board is independent, as it was under Paul Khlebnikov.

As a reader, I can say that the journalistic content in Forbes has been and remains strong. Only now it is also available in different formats – for example, on YouTube and on the site you can watch investigative films based on large texts, this is the Forbes Deeper project with journalist Sergei Titov.

– What is the “Chinese Wall” like?

– No one from commerce can come to the editorial office and ask to use a client’s comment or not to write about someone or something. The fact that we have a commercial contract with some client does not affect his relationship with the editors. And there were cases when a client canceled a fully prepared special project for me, because the editors wrote something about him at that time that he did not like it very much. But we understand that editorial independence is part of a brand’s DNA and is valued by both readers and advertisers.

Paul Klebnikov’s instructions

– So Forbes adheres to Western journalism standards?

— I would say the standards of objective journalism. When you turn to different parties and request comments even from structures from which you are unlikely to get a response, you look for confirmation of a fact in various independent sources, carefully study all available documents. Those who today produce high-quality texts in Forbes came to journalism when Paul Khlebnikov was gone, for them objectivity was already the norm of high-quality business journalism.

— What traditions, established by Paul Khlebnikov, exist in the editorial office today — apart from editorial objectivity and independence from commerce?

– Again, it’s better to ask the editors. I can tell you how it was when I worked there. I joined Forbes as a department editor in 2005. I remember Paul’s printed instructions on how to fact-check. The finished text, before being read by proofreaders, is carefully read by a journalist who did not participate in the creation of the material. He notes everything that needs to be checked, from the spelling of names and positions to citations. I remember I was writing some text, and the fact checker asked me to find in the record on the recorder the place where my newsmaker said a specific phrase.

— You are currently the head of the Special Projects Department. How useful is experience in journalism and how do texts differ from editorial ones?

— Native content is labeled as “Promotional” or “Affiliate Material” so readers don’t confuse it with editorial content. But at the same time, my task and the task of the editors of special projects is to make sure that this content is of high quality and interesting. The editor-in-chief of special projects Ivan Prosvetov, by the way, was also, like me, the deputy editor-in-chief of Forbes once, the other two editors also have experience working at Forbes.

We know the DNA of the publication and take it into account when creating partner projects. That is, we figure out how to solve the client’s problem in a format that is interesting to our audience, we pack the message the advertiser needs in the right context. That is, we do not write “this vacuum cleaner is the best”, but give, for example, five innovative trends of recent years, which are reflected in the new brand.

— What are the requirements for such content?

– It must be of high quality and must be in the style of the publication, that is, written for the audience of the site. Native advertising is in trend, its share is growing in many media, not only here. Someone marks it in one way, someone else, someone does not. Somewhere it is prepared by journalists assigned to the editorial office, somewhere by freelancers. It seems to me that our model, when there are editors for special projects and a pool of professional freelance writers, each of whom is an expert in his field, is optimal.

– Is the work on the text itself built differently? Are there any genre features?

– This should be normal human text. All the same requirements – we need an idea around which everything will be built, texture and structure. When a brief comes in from a client, we brainstorm and try to come up with a concept.

For example, to highlight the benefits of sports infrastructure in a luxury residential complex, we are looking for heroes – people from the business world who are actively involved in sports. And we interview them about what sports give them in life and business, how they build training into their busy schedule, why it is important for them that the sports infrastructure is close to home, and even better at home.

As for genres, we have no restrictions on the site. It can be columns, and interviews, and reviews, and author’s articles. But there are special formats for presenting native content. In addition to the usual partner materials, we have Brandvoice – the voice of the brand, a branded section where materials appear for at least three months that reveal topics of interest to the client.

– Some media do not label commercial content. How can the reader figure out where is not a journalistic text?

— Do you feel that you are being promoted or not. But I, perhaps, will not prompt the readers here with clear signs.

Life behind the “Chinese wall”

— Tell us more about the work of the Special Projects Department Forbes .

— We have editors and managers who lead the project. They bear the main burden, the entire project management. They closely communicate with both the client and contractors – these are authors, transcribers, proofreaders, photographers. And if we are talking about landings, then also designers, programmers.

For example, the advertising department sends a brief from a bank. We come up with three or four ideas for this request. Merchants send our ideas and budget calculations to the advertising agency of the bank. And if the client likes it, they return to us with the choice of an idea and confirmation of the project. Our financial editor calls up journalists who are in our pool of authors. The author communicates with the bank only during the interview. All communication with the client regarding timing, coordination of questions, organization of interviews, filming, coordination of the text is carried out by the special projects manager.

– Are the journalists who go to interviews working at Forbes ?

— No, we do not have the right to involve the editors in the preparation of commercial materials. We can only consult with a specialized author if the topic is specific.

— What is the significance of the special projects department for the magazine?

— Special projects generate income. Advertisers are increasingly turning to native advertising, because such content allows you to explain the benefits of a product or show the expertise of a company speaker. Conventional advertising for such tasks is not always suitable. You won’t come to the editorial office with promotion tasks either. They need an exclusive, an interesting informational occasion, the speaker can be asked sharp questions.

– Shouldn’t there be uncomfortable questions here?

— This is commercial content and we are aware of this. There are awkward questions, but we always agree on them. I remember a client who had a mixed reputation online. And we immediately warned that it was better to talk about negative reviews about his company. Their CEO explained in an interview that he had a corporate conflict with a partner, this provoked an information war, hence the reviews.

Who are your customers?

– These are companies from a wide range of industries. Traditionally, there are many banks, real estate, technologies, but there are also fashion and other lifestyle clients. Now the department has about 90 projects in progress.

– As far as I understand, you are the director of special projects, but at the same time you also carry out editorial functions?

— Yes, I myself am in many projects and an editor. The usual job in a journalistic career: I brief the author, look through the questions before sending it to the client, I can go through the text – somewhere to make a statement, somewhere to clarify the logic. Or, on the contrary, I look at the text as a director of special projects – whether the content of the text corresponds to the client’s brief.

Sometimes it can be difficult for business writers to adjust to commercial writing. We have restrictions, for example, on mentions of third parties. I can’t safely quote Steve Jobs in a commercial material, because then Apple may come in asking why they were used in someone’s advertising. Negative statements about someone are also unacceptable. Lawyers, of course, check each special project before publication. But when editing, I also monitor compliance with legal norms.

– Any advice from experience on how to make native content?

— During trips to the regions, guys often come up and ask how best to organize this process in the editorial office.