Monthly Archives: July 2020

Ottnamville County School District, Otthamville District Ohio

Other villages throughout the county are served by one or more of the above areas within the county’s zone area.

Putnam County Fair

Official logo of Putnam County Fair

At Putnam County Fair is located in Ottawa, Ohio and the slogan is “The Blue Ribbon Event”. At the fairgrounds you can play games, go horseback riding or just eat. The Putnam County Fair usually takes place in the last week of June.

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Putnam County, Ohio

Footnotes 9

Leip, David. “Dave Leip’s Atlas of US Presidential Elections”. useelectionatlas.org . Retrieved 2018-05-03.

further reading

• Margaret Calvin, Notices of Death, Administration, Marriage, and Miscellaneous from the Kalida Venture Company, Putnam County, Ohio, 1845-1854. Ottawa, Ohio: Putnam County Library, 1987.
• Margaret Calvin, Newspaper Notices from Kalida Venture, Putnam County, Ohio, 1845-1852: Supplement to Reports of Death, Administration, Marriage, and Others. Ottawa, Ohio: Putnam County Library, 1993.
• Margaret Calvin, Newspaper notices from the Kalida Sentinel, Putnam County, Ohio, 1861-1866. Ottawa, Ohio: Putnam County Library, 1991.
• Margaret Calvin and David S. Adams, People and Places: Putnam County, Ohio, 1800-1900. Ottawa, Ohio: M. Calvin, 1981.
• Audrey S. Carroll, Putnam County Pioneer Association: A Centenary History, 1873-1973, Putnam County, Ohio. Columbus Grove, Ohio: Heffner Printing Co., 1973.
• Imogen Elver, Chronicles of the Past: A History of Putnam County, Ohio. n.c.: n.p., 1990s
• Delbert L. Gratz, Genealogical and Historical Sketch of the Swiss Mennonites of Allen and Putnam Counties, Ohio. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio Historical Society, 1940.
• Henry Howe, History of Putnam County, Ohio, 1820-1899. Nightstown, IN: Bookmark, 1977.
• George D. Kinder, A History of the Country of Putnam, Ohio: Its Peoples, Industries, and Institutions: With Biographical Sketches of Typical Citizens, and Genealogical Records of Many Old Families. Indianapolis, IN: B.F. Bowen and Co., 1915.
• Putnam County Genealogical Society, Putnam County, Ohio Cemeteries. Ottawa, Ohio: Putnam County Genealogical Society, 1993.
• Putnam County Historical Society, 1978 Snowstorm in Putnam County, Ohio. Calida, OH: Putnam County Historical Society 1978.
• Putnam County Historical Society, History of Putnam County, Ohio, 1880: illustrated, containing outline map, fifteen farm maps, and county history; Lithographic views of buildings – public and private; Portraits of prominent people; Total stats; Miscellaneous etc. Mt. Vernon, IN: Windmill Publications, 1995.
• Putnam County Historical Society, Memoirs of the Putnam County Pioneers, 1878-1887. Calida, OH: Putnam County Historical Society 1981.
• Daniel W. Seitz and O.K. Talbot, Atlas of Putnam County, 1895: containing sectional outline maps of the county… Farm maps of fifteen townships… along with maps of all towns reduced to one page size… Ottawa, Ohio: D.W. Seitz and O. Talbot, 1895
• Mary L. Sheeley, Putnam County One-Room Schools, Ohio. Kalida, Ohio: Putnam County Historical Society, 1985.
• Marjorie Waterfield, Ledger tells the story, 1811–1879In: The Story of the Irwin Family of Putnam County, Ohio. Bowling Green, Ohio: M. Waterfield, 1997.
• Portrait and Biographical Record of Allen and Putnam Counties, Ohio: Containing Biographical Sketches of Many Eminent and Representative Citizens, Together with Biographies and Portraits of All Presidents of the United States and Biographies of State Governors Ohio. Chicago: A.W. Bowen & Company, 1896

external link

• Putnam County Official Website

Coordinates: 41°01′N 84°08’W / 41.02°N 84.13°W / 41.02; -84.13

University Circle

University Circle is the neighborhood of University on the east side of Cleveland, Ohio. One of America’s densest cultural and performing arts venues, it includes world-class venues such as the Cleveland Museum of Art; Exit Hall, home to the Cleveland Orchestra; the Cleveland Institute of the Arts; Case Western Reserve University; the Cleveland Institute of Music; the Cleveland Museum of Contemporary Art; the Cleveland Botanical Garden; historic Lake View Cemetery; the Cleveland Museum of Natural History; and University Hospitals/Case Medical Center. The area is also known to the locals as “The Circle”. ^[4] University neighborhood, covering approximately 550 acres (220 ha), is bordered on the north by the Glenville neighborhood, south of the Buckeye Shaker neighborhood, west and southwest of the Hough and Fairfax neighborhoods (also known as Midtown) and east of the cities of East Cleveland and Cleveland Heights. University Circle is a member of the Global Network of Cultural Districts.

While the population of the University Circle is at the bottom of Cleveland’s 36 defined statistical planning areas (SPAs), it is one of the most important to the city’s economic sector. Neighboring businesses and institutions provide the city with more than 30,000 jobs in various fields, including an average of 1,000 new jobs per year since 2005. ^[5] Nearby attractions attract around 2.5 million visitors annually. ^[6] As the name of the area suggests, higher education is an important part of University Circle’s culture, with more than 13,000 undergraduate, graduate and professional students attending various institutions in the area. University Circle Inc., a not-for-profit corporation founded in 1957, serves as the neighborhood Chamber of Commerce, performing a variety of administrative and quasi-governmental functions for the area, including security, transportation management, and marketing. ^[4] University Circle has its own full-service police department that provides security and patrols around the area. ^[7]

Content

• 1 Lighting in the media
• 2 known institutions and attractions
• 3 History
  • 3.1 19th century

  900.20 Public transport

  • 5 Events
  • 8 Gallery
  • 9 See also
  • 10 references
  • 11 external links

  Media coverage

  Forbes ranked the university as one of America’s most beautiful neighborhoods; with high praise for its symphony orchestra, museums, botanical garden, planetarium, gourmet food, world-class culture and walking distance. ^[8] In a 2007 USA Today article titled “10 Great Places to Discover Italy in America”, Mario Batali is quoted as saying “Corbo’s bakery offers the best cassata (cake) I’ve tried in the USA. ” ^[9] The article listed Cleveland’s Little Italy as one of the top ten Little Italys in America. Askmen.com ranked Cleveland’s Little Italy #3 out of 10 on their “Top 10: Little Italy” list. ^[10]

  Notable institutions and landmarks

  Attractions in the University Circle area include:

  • Case Western Reserve University
    • Adelbert Hall
    • Allen Memorial Medical Library
    • Field Dysanto
    • Memorial fountain Michelson-Morli
    • Milton performing arts and Tamar Maltz
  • Open-off room (House for Cleveland Orchestra)
  • in Cleveland Museum

  in the Clepenskaya Museum of the Natural Budy in the Clepenskaya Museum of the Natural Museum garden

  • Cleveland Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA)
  • Cleveland Institute of Art
  • Cleveland Institute of Music and Cleveland School of Music Community
    

    19th century

    University Circle was known in the early 19th century as Doane’s Corners, after Nathaniel Doane, a member of the Connecticut Land Company, who settled his family here and established a community here. ^[16]

    The name “University Circle” began to take shape in the 1880s. Western Reserve University moved its campus from Hudson, Ohio to Euclid Avenue in 1883. The Case School of Applied Sciences moved from downtown Cleveland to a site near WRU in 1885. Their move led to the birth of an educational center and the creation of a new community called University Circle, partly named after these new institutions, but also a roundabout and trolley turnaround located at Euclid Avenue and Doane Brook Boulevard (Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard today ). ^[17]

    By the 1890s, the Western Reserve School of Design for Women (the Cleveland Institute of Art) had moved into the University Circle, and the idea of ​​developing a world-class center for arts and culture became a reality. The concept became more concrete when Jepta Wade, a trustee of the Western Reserve University, allocated land for the Cleveland Museum of Art to be built in the Circle, which required the Cleveland Zoo, now known as the Cleveland Metropark Zoo, to be relocated to its current location in the Old Brooklyn. The Historical Society (Western Preserve Historical Society) joined these institutions until the early 20th century. ^[18]

    20th century

    The circle began to grow rapidly at the beginning of the 20th century. The Cleveland Museum of Art opened its doors in 1916. By the 1920s and 1930s, there were 19 educational and cultural institutions in the area, ranging from the Cleveland Museum of Natural History to the Cleveland Center for Hearing and Speech to the Cleveland Botanic Garden and others.

    Cleveland’s college football scene began at the University Circle through both Case and Western Reserve football teams. Van Horn Field hosted games against Ohio State, Notre Dame, and Alabama. Famed Notre Dame coach Knute Rockne made his debut as a coach against Case in the Varsity Circle at 1918. In 1920, The Alabama Crimson Tide played their first game in North at Van Horn Field against the case.

    The arrival of University Hospitals in 1931 (founded 1866) led to health care becoming another center of innovation in University Circle. Less than one mile from University Hospitals, the Cleveland Clinic has been serving patients since 1921. Also in 1931. The Exit Hall, home of the Cleveland Orchestra, was built on the corner of Euclid and East Boulevard. ^[18] K 19In 1950, 34 institutions chose University Circle as their home. ^[17] In 1967 the Case School of Applied Sciences and Western Reserve University merged to become Case Western Reserve University. ^[19]

    21st Century

    University Circle remains the Cleveland Center for cultural, educational, religious and social institutions. There are many construction projects currently underway in the area with the expansion of many institutions and the private development of residential and commercial residences. New housing developments in the area have increased the number of year-round residents in the area to around 15,000 as of 2013. ^[20]

    In 2012, the Museum of Contemporary Art (MoCA) opened its new permanent location at University Circle at the corner of Mayfield Road and Euclid Avenue. ^[21]

    Public Transportation

    A HealthLine BRT vehicle passing University Circle passing Allen Memorial Medical Library.

    University Circle is served by several modes of transport, including bullet train, bus, bus rapid transit (BRT), and circulators. Unique from other Cleveland neighborhoods, it contains two train stops on the RTA from the Red Line, the Little Italy Station – University Circle and the University Circle-Cedar Rapid Station. The CircleLink Shuttle (colloquially known as “Greenie”) provides free public transportation within University Circle. It provides service between the north and south sides of the CWRU campus, from University Circle to Coventry Village, around the CWRU campus and University Hospitals of Cleveland, and between the City Children’s Research Center and the main Case campus. ^[22] The new BRT HealthLine, which opened October 24, 2008, is the area’s newest option and is one of the main destinations on the line along Euclid Avenue that connects Public Square to Louis Stokes Station at Windermere in East Cleveland. In the $197 million project ^[23], Euclid Avenue was redeveloped during construction with the installation of public art, new lighting and sidewalks along the length of the HealthLine, and dedicated bus lanes. There seven HealthLine stops at University Circle and operates around the clock. In addition, many bus routes stop at University Circle, including buses numbered 7, 8, 9, 10, 32, 38 and 48/48A.

    Events

    University Circle is famous for its year-round cultural events:

    • Hessler Street Fair (May)
    • Parade the Circle (June) ^[24]
    • Midsummer Art Museum Party (Kliv) ^[25]
    • International Folk Festival (June)
    • WOW! Wade Oval on Wednesdays (June-August) ^[26]
    • Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (August 15 weekend)
    • Showcase in Round and Home Tour (September) ^[27]
    • Cleveland RIPE! Festus (Botanical Gardens) (Sep) ^[28]
    • Little Italy Columbus Day Parade (October) ^[29]
    • CircleFest (Dec) ^[30]

    University Building & Expansion Projects010

    Circle is undertaking $2 billion in construction and redevelopment projects. ^[31]

    Uptown Project

    Apartments and retail outlets in the Uptown development project

    The Uptown project is a multi-stage, over $150 million retail, entertainment, restaurant and cultural project being developed by MRN Ltd. from Cleveland and sponsored by Case Western Reserve University and University Circle Inc. Its location creates a real center of University Circle.

    $44.5 million “Phase I” began on August 2, 2010, which resulted in the construction of two 102-unit multi-use buildings above the ground floor of the stores. ^[32]

    Additional anchors for the project currently under construction include a $66 million site extension. Cleveland Institute of Art ^[33] and a new $32 million home for the Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA). ^[34] New MOCA designed by a London-based architect. Farshid Moussavi. The surrounding pedestrian plaza is designed by James Corner Field Operations, the same landscape architecture firm that designed the High Line in New York. ^[35]

    The $21 million “Phase II” consists of 43 apartments, residence halls for the Cleveland Institute of the Arts, and retail. The anchor tenant is a two-story bowling alley known as Corner Alley. Completion date is autumn 2014. ^[36] Euclid – East 120 (RTA rapid transit station) has been relocated to Mayfield Road at East 119th Street. Its total cost was $17.5 million and it was renamed Rapid Station Little Italy-University Circle. ^[37]

    November 30, 2011 The New York Times showcased a draft article titled “Cleveland Turns Uptown Into New Downtown”. March 2005, The Cleveland Museum of Art embarked on a multi-year project to renovate and expand into the next century Designed by architect Rafael Vignoli, combining old and new styles At a total cost of $350 million, this is the largest cultural project in Ohio’s history and one of the most comprehensive projects to renovate and expand museum space in the country. ^[38]

    University Hospitals / Case Medical Center Expansion

    In the summer of 2011, three new facilities and facilities opened. These include the $250 million Seidman Cancer Center, the $41 million Center for Emergency Medicine, and a $30 million new parking lot. ^[39]

    Stations

    By August 2015, both current University Circle train stations were renovated and refurbished.

    The University Circle-Cedar Rd Fast Station underwent a complete refurbishment with an ADA-compliant design that includes a new rail pad, waiting area and train loading platform. A new bus station was also built on the north side of Cedar Road with a pedestrian link between the bus station and the train station. The funding secured included a $10.5 million grant from the US Department of Transportation and a $2 million grant from the Federal Transit Administration—a total of $12.5 million in federal funds. ^[40]

    To Euclid East Fast Station 120 has been relocated due to the Uptown Project at E.119 St and Mayfield Rd. Funding was received in the form of a $12.5 million grant from the US Department of Transportation, through the Federal Transit Administration. The final cost of the new station was about $17.5 million. ^[41]

    Louis Stokes VA Medical Center Expansion

    This $526 million project includes a seven-story administrative tower, housing for 122 homeless veterans, a 2,000-car garage, and a seven-story tower with 222 patient beds. Other parts of the project include the renovation of the hematology/oncology department, the expansion of the radiation area, the construction of two floors above the atrium to accommodate various services, and the expansion of the operating room. ^[42]

    Case Western Reserve University Extension

    Two major new construction projects have recently begun: On campus, a $50 million student center was built. It is known as the Tinkham Wheel Student Center designed by Ralph Johnson of Perkins + Will. It covers 82,000 square feet, has 24/7 student access, and is environmentally friendly—with a green roof to absorb rainwater and windows designed to prevent overheating from sunlight. ^[43] The second project, known as the Wyant Field House, includes the last part of DiSanto Field to be opened. Wyant Field House covers approximately 24,000 square feet and serves as a home for athletes and 2,500 students who live in The Village. The hotel features strength training and cardiovascular areas, a Varsity Club lounge and a multipurpose space. ^[44]

    Little Italy

    One of Little Italy’s most famous culinary attractions, Presti’s Bakery is located on the corner of Mayfield and Coltman streets.

    Little Italy (Italian: Piccola Italia ; known locally as Murray Hill or Hill ) ^[45] is an ethnic enclave that serves as the historic center of Cleveland’s Italiano-American community. ^[46] It is located from 119th to 125th Street Murray Hill and Mayfield Roads, located on the eastern edge of the city, along a long, moderately sloping slope that rises to a height of approximately 300 feet. ^[47] Bounded to the east and south by suburban Cleveland Heights, to the northeast by Lakeview Cemetery, and to the west by CSX, Norfolk South, and the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority Red Line railroad tracks separating it from the rest of University Circle.

    Places of interest and events

    Little Italy is known for its culinary, historical and cultural attractions. Its biggest attractions are restaurants, bakeries and pizzerias. It has everything from a thriving art gallery to boutiques and even a tech start-up. The most famous historical building is the Church of the Holy Rosary Built in 1908 year. Culturally, Alta House is the community center of the area, founded in 1895. The private primary and secondary school is the Montessori Primary School at Holy Rosary Church. Tony Brush Park ^[48] Provides neighborhood green space and playgrounds.

    The annual main event of Little Italy in Cleveland is the Feast of the Assumption.

    Every August the Roman Catholic congregation of the historic Church of the Holy Rosary celebrates a 4-day festival for the Feast of the Assumption, in which Little Italy puts on Greater Cleveland’s largest Italian-American street festival. Every October, Little Italy hosts the city’s Columbus Day Parade. The area hosts art walks several times a year, usually in June, October and December.

    History

    Little Italy began in 1895 when the immigrant Joseph Carabelli saw the need to renovate the monuments in Cleveland. Lakeview Cemetery and founded what soon became the city’s leading marble and granite manufacturer. Cleveland industrial billionaire John D. Rockefeller took a particular liking to the Italian immigrants from the area and commissioned the Alta House Community Center, named after his daughter. Alta Rockefeller Prentice, in 1900. Little Italy is also home to the first Italian restaurant to open in Ohio, Guarino. The first hand-cranked pasta machine was invented in Little Italy by Angelo Vitantonio, an Italian immigrant from Cleveland. He received a patent for a product at 1906 and founded the Italian tableware manufacturer VillaWare, which continues to operate today. ^[49]

    In 1911, it was estimated that 96% of the inhabitants were of Italian origin, and another 2% were of Italian parents. Ettore Boiardi (Chef Boiardi) opened his first restaurant, Il Giardino d’Italia, in the 1920s. In 1993, the community dedicated Tony Brush Park, named after boxing champion and Little Italy resident Anthony Brescia, at Mayfield and Random Streets. A major expansion of the residential project took place in 2003 with the 20-unit Villa Carabelli, ^[50] in 2005 – Random Road Lofts townhouses, consisting of 15 apartments, ^[51] and in 2011 – 27 Coltman townhouses with 27 apartments. ^[52] Neighborhood bocci courts are located in the Alta House, and in 2011 it underwent a complete renovation as part of a $110,000 project named after Nick and Dorothy Lucarelli.

    For most of its history, Cleveland has been home to the largest mob organization between New York and Chicago. ^[53] The Mayfield Road Mob is the name of a gang that originated around 1920 in Little Italy. Members of the Mayfield Road Mob included James T. Licavoli and Jimmy Fratianno. This mob faction was even referred to in the movie under its old name “The Godfather” as the Lakeview Road Gang, as Lakeview Cemetery borders Mayfield Road Hill.

    Gallery

    • Adelbert Hall at Case Western Reserve University

    • Exit Hall, home to the Cleveland Orchestra.

    • Church of the covenant

    • Kozada-Bates house built in 1853.

    • The main entrance to the Cleveland Museum of Natural History

    • Kindergarten Botanical Garden

    • in the Clepensed Institute in former Ford Model T factory

    • Cleveland Institute of Music

    • James A. Garfield Memorial in Lakeview Cemetery on the National Register of Historic Places.

    • Maltz Performing Arts Center, converted synagogue operated by Case Western Reserve University.

    • The ballroom at the Tudor Arms Doubletree was renovated in 2011.

    • University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center behind a multi-storey building.

    • Inside the atrium of the Cleveland Museum of Art.

    • Allen Memorial Medical Library, home to the Dittrik Museum of Medical History

    • The Glidden House Boutique Hotel is located at the intersection of Juniper Rd and Ford Rd.

    • Streetscape of Euclid Avenue at E.115 showing Uptown.

    • The Frank Gehry designed Peter B. Lewis building serves as the Weatherhead School of Management.

    • Amasa Stone Chapel

    • Calvin Smith Library

    • John D. Rockefeller Physics Building.

    • Louis Stokes Cleveland Medical Center VA

      home
      
      100 Great People
      
      THOMAS EDISON

      Versatile inventor Thomas Alva Edison was born in 1847 in Milan, Ohio. After only three months of formal training, the teacher considered him mentally retarded. Edison made his first invention, an electric voice recorder, when he was only twenty-one years old. It failed to sell, and subsequently Edison focused on inventing items that could interest buyers. Shortly after inventing the voice recorder, he improved the stock telegraph system, which he sold for forty thousand dollars, a huge sum for that time. A series of other inventions followed, and Edison soon became rich and famous. Perhaps his most original invention was the phonograph, which he patented in 1877.

      More important to the world, however, was the improvement of the incandescent lamp in 1879. Edison was not the first to invent the electric lighting system. A few years earlier, electric arc lamps were used to light the streets of Paris. But the Edison lamp, together with the electricity supply system he developed, made it possible to light every ordinary house. In 1882, his company began manufacturing electric lighting systems for houses in New York City, and then they spread throughout the world.

      By founding the first company to bring electricity to people’s homes, Edison laid the foundation for the development of a huge industry. After all, this is not only an electric light that uses the power of an electric current, but also a whole mass of household electrical appliances – from a TV to a washing machine. Moreover, the possibilities of electrical power from the network that Edison created contributed to the increase in the use of electricity in industry. Edison had a huge impact on the improvement of movie cameras and movie projectors. He made important improvements in the telephone (his carbon membrane greatly improved hearing), in the telegraph, and in the typewriter. His other inventions include the voice recorder, the mimeograph, and the battery. Edison is said to have patented more than a thousand inventions – indeed, an incredible result.

      One of the reasons for Edison’s amazing productivity is the research laboratory he founded early in his career in Menlo Park, New Jersey, where he hired a group of able assistants. It was the prototype for the large research laboratories that a large number of industrial firms have since founded. Edison’s founding of a modern, well-equipped research laboratory, where many people worked as a single team, was one of his most important inventions – although he could not patent it. Edison was not just an inventor. He also took part in manufacturing and organized several industrial companies. The most important of them was the company “General Electric”.

      Not a pure scientist by nature, Edison made one significant scientific discovery. In 1882, he discovered that in a space close to vacuum, an electric current could flow between two wires that did not touch each other. Such an unusual phenomenon, called the Edison effect, is not only of great theoretical interest, but has also received important practical applications. Over time, it led to the manufacture of the vacuum tube and the founding of the electronics industry. For most of his life, Edison suffered from poor hearing. But he compensated for this ailment with an admirable ability to work. The inventor was married twice (his first wife died young) and had three children by each wife. He died in West Orange, New Jersey at 1931 years old.

      Edison’s talent is undeniable. Everyone agrees that he was the greatest inventive genius that ever lived on earth. A number of his useful inventions are awe-inspiring, although perhaps many of them have been perfected by others during the thirty years. However, if we consider his inventions separately, we will see that none of them was of decisive importance. The incandescent light bulb, for example, although widely used, is not an indispensable part of modern life. In fact, fluorescent lights, which work on a completely different scientific principle, are just as widely used, and our daily lives would be no different if we didn’t have incandescent bulbs at all.

      Before people began to use electricity, candles, oil and gas lamps were quite acceptable sources of light. The phonograph is certainly an ingenious device, but no one will argue that it has transformed our lives in the same way as radio, television or telephone. Moreover, completely different methods of sound recording, such as the tape recorder, have recently been invented, and now it is relatively unimportant if the phonograph and tape recorders did not exist at all. Most of Edison’s patents relate to improvements to devices that others have invented and are in usable form. Such improvements, although useful, cannot be considered the most important in the overall development of the story. While none of Edison’s inventions was of overwhelming importance, it’s worth remembering that he invented not just one device, but more than a thousand. For this reason, I ranked Edison higher than such famous inventors as Guglielmo Marconi and Alexander Graham Bell.

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      Other materials in this section:

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      • ALBERT EINSTEIN (1879–1955)

      Book: Roger Zelazny.

      Star Speedway

      Other books by this author:

      Book	Description	Year	Price	Book type
      The Last Defender of Camelot – American Classic	5 The owner of countless most … – Eksmo, (format: 60×90/16, 816 pages) Golden collection of fantasy Read more…	2014	453.9	paper book
      Possessed by magic	Once this World was one. There were big cities and powerful machines, and besides, its inhabitants possessed … – Kosmosinform, (format: 60×84 / 16, 384 pages) Masterpieces of science fiction Read more… The Chronicles of Ember (set of 5 books)	The most famous fantasy series in the world, which has withstood multi-million copies! “Amber Chronicles” … – Terra Fantastica, (format: 60×90/16, 2470 pages) Large library of adventure and science fiction Read more… The book of the famous American science fiction writer Roger Zelazny includes his novels “Nine Princes… – FAIRY, (format: 84×108/32, 528 pages) Masters of World Fantasy Read more. ..	1992	280	paper book
      Blood Garden	1993 edition. The safety is good. Roger Zelazny – one of the leaders of modern American fiction … – AKIM, (format: 84×108/32, 600 pages) Read more… . The safety is good. The collection includes works by the famous American … – Alfavit, Kuban-Press-2, (format: 84×108 / 32, 432 pages) Masterpieces of science fiction Read more…	1992	260	paper book
      Dream Master	1991 edition. The safety is good. Before you is another fascinating fantasy novel by the famous … – Bobok LLP, (format: 84×108 / 32, 148 pages) Read more… . The safety is good. The last book of the legendary series, written by… – Terra Fantastica, (format: 84×104/32, 320 pages) Golden Chain (`Terra Fantastica`) Read more…	1993	70	paper book	2015	236.6	audiobook
      The Sign of Chaos (MP3 audiobook)	“The Sign of X AOS” is the eighth book of the grandiose fantasy cycle “Chronicles of Amber”, created by the inexhaustible audiobook. .. — Audiobook	2015	236.6	audiobook
      Chronicles of Amber. Volume 2	Throne of the mysterious Amber Kingdom – a prize for the winner in a tough game of reflections. Steel and fire… — Eksmo, (format: 84×108/32, 832 pages) Masterpieces of fantasy Read more… – the ninth book of the grandiose fantasy cycle “Chronicles of Amber”, created by the inexhaustible … – Audiobook, audiobook Read more…	2015	236.6	Audiobook
      Fate maps (MP3 Audiobook)	“Fate maps” – Sixth Book of Chronicle of Amberes, created by the ineumorized … – Audiocan, created	236.6	audiobook
      Joker	Kroyd was fourteen years old when sleep became his enemy, turned into something dark and terrible. The dream became his… — Eksmo-Press, (format: 84×104/32, 480 pages) Steel Rat (hardcover) Read more…	200365	410	Paper book
      Oberon’s hand (Audiobook MP3)	“Oberon’s hand” – Fourth Book of the Grandian Ambier Chronicle, created . .. – audiobook, audiobook, audiobook, audiobook, audiobook,	236.6	audiobook

      Roger Zelazny

      0253 Zielazni or Zilazni , b. May 13, 1937, Euclid, Ohio, USA – d. June 14, 1995, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA) is an American science fiction writer.

      Biography

      Roger Joseph Zelazny was born on May 13, 1937, in Euclid, Ohio, to Jozef Zelazny, a Pole, and Josephine Sweet Zelazny, an Irish woman ( Żelazny means “iron” in Polish). Roger was already writing fairy tales at the age of ten. In 1955 he graduated from high school and entered the department of psychology at Cleveland Western Reserve University. He changed his specialty, moving to the Department of English Literature from the Faculty of Psychology. Two years later, he passed his bachelor’s degree and moved to Columbia University (New York). At 1962 received a master’s degree from Columbia University with a degree in Elizabethan and Jacobian Drama.

      During his studies, Zelazny was engaged in judo and martial arts, wrote and published poetry, wrote but did not publish fantastic stories, learned to play chess, studied Hindi and Japanese, became interested in meditation and mysticism.

      In late 1960, he joined the National Guard and served in Texas for six months. From 1963 to 1966 he was a US Army reservist. At one time he was part of the combat crew of the Nika missiles, and spent the last years of his service in the psychological warfare unit, from where he was honorably transferred to the reserve.

      In 1962, Amazing Stories magazine published his first story, “A Game of Passions”. He received his first Hugo Award for the story A Rose for Ecclesiastes (1963), and in 1965 he was a complete success – another Hugo Award and two Nebula at once.

      Married Sharon Steberl in 1964 and divorced in 1966. After the National Guard, he worked in the social security system. In 1965, he was transferred to service in Baltimore, Maryland, at the same time in 1967-68. He was secretary-treasurer of the Science Fiction Writers Association. In Baltimore, he met Judy Callahan (Judith Alene Callahan), whom he married on August 20, 1966, and who bore him three children – sons Devin (1971) and Jonathan Trent (1976), as well as daughter Shannon (1979).

      In 1968, on the advice of Robert Silverberg, Roger Zelazny got himself a literary agent. In 1969, he retired from public service and became a professional writer. In 1975, he decides to move with his family from Baltimore to Santa Fe (New Mexico). It is known that Zelazny divorced his wife before his death and lived for some time with Jane Lindskold, with whom he wrote several novels.

      In Santa Fe, Roger Zelazny wrote most of his books, received a black belt in aikido, raised his children, and worked as a “reader” of fantasy stories on the radio.

      R. Zelazny has about 20 novels and four collections of short stories. He received the Hugo award six times, the Nebula three times, the French Apollo once, was awarded the Locus magazine award for the creation of The Chronicles of Amber. He has co-authored several works with Philip Dick, Fred Saberhagen, Thomas T. Thomas and Robert Sheckley.

      Died June 14, 1995 at St. Vicente Hospital in Santa Fe from kidney failure caused by colon cancer.

      Bibliography

      • Zelazny’s books:
        • Dream Master (1966)
        • This Immortal (1966)
        • Four for tomorrow (1967)
        • Lord of Light (1967)
        • Damn Valley (1969)
        • Isle of the Dead (1969)
        • Creatures of Light, Creations of Darkness (1969)
        • Chronicles of Amber (1970-1991)
          • Pentateuch of Corvinus
            • The Nine Princes of Amber (1970)
            • Avalon Guns (1972)
            • Sign of the Unicorn (1975)
            • Hand of Oberon (1976)
            • Realm of Chaos (1978)
          • Pentateuch of Merlin
            • Prologue to Maps of Doom (1985)
            • Maps of Destiny (1985)
            • Blood of Amber (1986)
            • Mark of Chaos (1987)
            • Knight of Shadows (1989)
            • Prince of Chaos (1991)
        • The doors of his face, the lanterns of his lips (1971)
        • Jack of the Shadow (1971)
        • Today we choose faces (1973)
        • Die in Italbar (1973)
        • Doors in the Sand (1976)
        • My name is Legion (1976)
        • Ash Bridge (1976)
        • Road Signs (1979)
        • Changeling (1980)
        • The Last Defender of Camelot (1980)
        • Magic Possessed (1981)
        • Enchanted Land (1981)
        • Cat’s eye (1982)
        • Damned Dilvish (1982)
        • Unicorn Variant (1983)
        • Dark Journey (1987)
        • Frost and Fire (1989)
        • Way up high (1992)
        • There Are Dragons Here (1992)
        • Night in a dreary October (another translation of the title – A dreary October night) (1993)
      • Co-written by:
        • King Solomon’s Ring (with Gerald Houseman) (1963)
        • Day of Anger (with Philip Dick) (1976)
        • Vitki (with Fred Sebarghagen) (1980)
        • Black Throne (with Fred Sebarghagen) (1990)
        • Mask of Loki (with Thomas T. Thomas) (1990)
        • Bring Me the Head of Prince Charming (with Robert Sheckley) (1991)
        • Flash (with Thomas T. Thomas) (1992)
        • Kohl as Faust You Can’t Succeed (with Robert Sheckley) (1993)
        • One Demon Theater (with Robert Sheckley) (1995)
        • Psychoshop (with Alfred Bester) (1998)
        • Demon Lord (with Jane Lindskold)

      Links

      • http://www.roger-zelazny.com/
      • Zelazny, Roger in the library of Maxim Moshkov
      • Zelazny’s works in the “Fantast” library

      Source: Roger Zelazny

      See also in other dictionaries:

      • List of programs of the TV channel “Semyorka” – Main article: Seven (TV channel) “Seven” is a former Russian federal television channel. Contents 1 Programs of the channel “Children’s Project” … Wikipedia

      Imperial Avenue Women – True Crime on the couch

      Time to read: 38 minute(s)

      THIS MATERIAL IS SOMEWHERE ABOUT DRUGS WHICH I DO NOT RECOMMEND YOU TO USE IN ANY EVENT.

      DRUGS ARE EVIL.

      ---

      In the fall of 2009, residents of northeast Ohio were shocked by the news that a serial killer had been detained in one of Cleveland’s neighbourhoods, in whose house 11 decomposing female corpses were found. A month later, authorities determined that the bodies belonged to Crystal Dozier, Tishana Culver, Leshanda Long, Tona Carmichael, Michelle Mason, Kim Yvette Smith, Nancy Cobbs, Amelda Hunter, Janice Webb, Telashia Fortson, and Diane Turner.

      While the investigation was going on, the news channels did nothing but talk about the killer Anthony Sowell, his personal life, early years, military service and what the jury’s verdict would be. As a result, the offender was found guilty of 84 counts out of 85 and sentenced to death. But while the media raced for sensation, they forgot about the main thing – about those women whose lives were taken by the Cleveland Strangler. The maximum that they were honored with was words about early convictions and problems with drugs.

      Yes, they had vices, they had flaws, they had weaknesses… but that doesn’t change the fact that each of them had their own unique life story. And thanks to the journalists of the newspaper Plain Dealer and the portal clevlend.com , we will remember them not as drug addicts who accidentally entered 12205 Imperial Avenue, but as mothers, wives, daughters, creative individuals … whose life was suddenly cut off.

      × This article was published on cleveland.com on March 13, 2011 ×

      From early childhood, Krystal was the main helper in the house, on whom her mother could always rely, whether it was cleaning or looking after her younger brothers and sisters. “My mother hen” – called her beloved daughter Florence Bray, mother of Crystal Dozier.

      Apparently due to the fact that her mother constantly assigned these duties to her, the girl always tried to act like an adult – she spent hours in the kitchen and watched how her mother seasoned the roast, how she fried a chicken or cooked beans in a pot.

      She also liked to dress herself and her sister in things that did not suit each other at all. For example, she could wear a wide-brimmed hat, high-heeled shoes, a long bright dress, and in such an outfit go to church or to the doctor. As a child, she was a sweet and cheerful child.

      Her sister, Annette Bell, recalls that Krystal was a very decent child who tried to look cute in any situation.

      But after this smiling girl plunged into the world of crack cocaine in her teens (which brought her to Imperial Avenue in 2007), everything around her no longer seemed so bright and colorful.
      Despite the fact that in all the materials they write that at the time of the disappearance of Krystal she was 38 years old, in fact this is not so. In 2007, she was 35, but since the body was found in 2009, the investigation decided to record that death occurred at the age of 38.

      By that time, the girl already had seven children, drug addiction and a number of dubious acquaintances, one of which was Anthony Sowell. According to relatives, he was not her boyfriend, but they often spent time at his house and smoked crack. Men and drugs were present in Krystal’s life from an early age.

      Crystal Dozier was born in 1971, the second oldest of the four children of Eugene and Florence Dozier. For a time, the young family lived on Kinsman Road, when Mount Pleasant was still a promising and calm area.

      In elementary school, the girl went to Alexander Hamilton School, and as she got older, she began attending John F. Kennedy High School.

      Florence remembers the moment when she and her 13-year-old daughter went to see the pediatrician and she asked: “Crystal, is there anything you want to tell us?” . 9 months after this question, the girl gave birth to a son from a 17-year-old teenager, with whom the relationship did not last long.

      At the age of 14, Dozier became pregnant again, but this time by a 20-year-old man. By that time, Florence had already divorced her husband, raised four children alone, and she did not like the fact that grown-up guys “hunted” for her teenage daughter. Then the woman decides to move to East Cleveland.

      But Crystal, not wanting to live with her mother, leaves for the father of her second child.

      ×
      He told her to run away from home. Finding out that my daughter was gone, I could not find a place for myself. It’s scary and painful when you don’t know where your child is and if he’s okay.
      — Florence Bray recalls

      When Crystal was 16, she married the father of her second child. It was in 1987 when the judge said that if they want to raise their children and have new ones, then they need to get married. In total, the couple had six children.

      According to Cuyahoga County social services records, after her marriage, Cristal started using crack cocaine and her husband went on a string of arrests. Between 1987 and 2006, he was arrested five times for drug possession, grand larceny, and breaking and entering homes.

      Also in 1987, one of the social workers, after a visit to the family, concluded that Dozier and her husband were bad parents, and the eldest child, Anthony, had marks of beatings on his body.

      Anthony Dozier says that his mother was only 14 when she got hooked on crack. Then the boy, as well as his brothers and sisters, were taken away from their parents. Florence took care of the two older children and placed the other five in foster families.

      ×
      My mother’s main problem is that she loved him [husband] too much and was willing to do anything he asked for… be it drug use or worse.
      – says Anthony Dozier

      Krystal was first arrested in 1997 for drug possession when she was 25. Over the next six years, she was arrested much more often … now not just for possession, but for drug trafficking.

      Apparently it was hereditary, since in 1993 her mother was also imprisoned on one of the drug charges. As a result, the two grandchildren she adopted were first given to one or the other relatives, and then, ultimately, sent to two different foster families.

      A woman says that for her and her daughter, drugs were a salvation, as they and alcohol can take you to some other world that is beyond problems. They help not to feel the pain and resentment caused by other people.

      According to her, she spent years trying to get sober and be glad that you have a refrigerator at home with food and you don’t go hungry.

      Mary Basie, executive director of the Hitchcock Center for Women, says drug addiction has begun to be passed on from generation to generation in Cleveland as young people grow up against a backdrop of physical, sexual and emotional trauma. Often, not one family member needs to be treated for addiction, but both at once – mother and daughter.

      Anthony Dozier with his daughter Anya
      ×
      The names of absolutely all the children of Crystal Dozier begin with the Latin letter “A”.

      Despite the fact that Crystal did not live with her children, she constantly kept in touch with her two older children, and she communicated with each child separately from the other. The four younger daughters were taken in by one foster family, and son Andre by another. But, as relatives say, the boy died at the age of 11 from asthma.

      Antonia, Cristal’s daughter, recalls that the years she spent in a foster family were terrible, but there is no resentment. She never saw her mother as a drug addict, and recalls that Krystal was not like those drug addicts around. On the contrary, she was what a mother should be – loving and caring. Antonia also believes that her mother needed to become a teacher or a nurse, as she took care of everyone who appeared in her life.

      But, unfortunately, Dozier’s addiction to drugs ruined all her plans. Just as she appeared and disappeared in her children’s lives, she constantly missed court dates, resulting in probation violations. But there were also moments when it seemed that Krystal gave up and left the drugs behind like a bad dream. And perhaps the most striking example of this is her divorce from the father of six children in 1994 and a new marriage to Robert “Bobby” Pennington, who, according to Anthony Dozier, helped her quit crack and stay sober for a long time.

      But no matter how hard the man tried, he never managed to rid Cristal of drug addiction completely. In 2004, Crystal Dozier is sent to prison for 10 months for drug dealing. While she was incarcerated, her husband Robert Pennington dies.

      According to cellmates, while in prison the girl tried to help other prisoners and took care of them. But she didn’t care about herself … and in 2006 she started using drugs again. But thanks to the family, who had preventive conversations with her, Krystal decided to improve – she found a boyfriend and started earning. At that moment, she moonlighted as a housekeeper and styled the girls’ hair.

      Andrea Shabaz – Crystal Dozier’s daughter

      Crystal’s younger sister Annette, says she last saw her in 2007. This was a very important moment for both girls, since they had not spoken for many years before. They stopped communicating after Dozier, during one of her arrests, called herself a sister. It took the girl years to clear her name and reputation.

      That day the sisters laughed, talked, reminisced about their childhood and ate the tacos that Krystal made. It could be said that the reunion process was successful – the girl no longer used crack, did not drink alcohol and regularly called family members. But then the calls and visits stopped.

      June 11, 2007, Anthony Dozier, fresh from the Marine Corps, files a missing mother’s report. For the next two years, he would drive his car through the night streets of Cleveland in the hope of meeting Krystal.

      Family members say that all this time they have been putting up flyers asking them to give them any information about Dozier’s whereabouts. When one of the girl’s friends told her son that she used to visit some house on Imperial Avenue, Anthony went to check, but found nothing. The guy just made a mistake with the house, which was a couple of tens of meters from Sowell’s house.

      In the fall of 2009, investigators found her body buried against a hedge in the backyard of a house at 12205 Imperial Avenue.

      All family members were present during the funeral ceremony. The mother gave a speech in which there was not a single reprehensible word, Anthony and Antonia said that they would strive to ensure that their children grew up in loving families.

      Antonia also said that she was looking forward to graduating so she could start working and help her mother move out of Mount Pleasant. And now, in memory of Krystal, she will try to be the best mother in the world for her three children.

      ---

      After Tishana and her boyfriend Carl were left homeless and forced to sleep in Woodland Hills Park for several months, in early 2003 things took off for the couple and they moved into a tiny apartment on East 64th Street and Bundy Drive. Yes, it was not the best apartment, but they could not afford more yet. As Karl recalls, Tishana spent several weeks cleaning and making repairs so that her children could live in comfortable conditions.

      One evening she cooked salmon patties, rice and green beans. After she and Carl had dinner, Tishana took the remaining two portions and took them to two homeless people who were sleeping in a van across the road. To the question “Why are you doing this, because we ourselves have little money?”, the girl replied that the Lord sent them food that day, which means she needs to share it.

      But beyond her boundless kindness and generosity, 33-year-old Culver had many problems that she created for herself. Due to the fact that the girl very often appeared and disappeared from the life of her family, relatives did not think to report their daughter missing when she disappeared in early 2008. Then everyone thought that she was with Karl and she was doing well. But when police found the remains of 11 women in a house at 12205 Imperial Avenue, which was next to the house of the girl’s mother, relatives wondered if she was one of the victims. In the end, their worst fears came true when on November 5, 2009The Cuyahoga County Coroner’s Office identified Tishana’s remains.

      Investigators believe that Sowell lured the girls to his house with booze and drugs, to which Tishana devoted most of her life . ..

      Addicted to drugs, the girl turned away from her children (some were born while she was in prison), giving them up for education relatives. In order to buy herself a fix, Tishana began selling herself on the streets of Cleveland.

      Latania Irby believes her sister started taking drugs after her boyfriend was found dead. The couple planned to marry and have children, but a gunshot divided her life into before and after, plunging Tishana into depression.

      Tishana Culver as a child

      Tishana Culver was born on August 31, 1978 at Cleveland University Hospital. Her parents, Yvonne Williams and Sam Culver Jr., started dating while still in high school. After the wedding, the newlyweds moved to an area near East 55th Street and Chester Avenue. But after the birth of the child, the marriage began to crumble.

      “We had different views on life,” Yvonne recalls. “He went one way and I went another. He just didn’t want to be a young father.”

      According to court records, Sam Culver, Jr. , a former steel worker, was a petty criminal convicted of theft at 1980, but over time he moved on to more serious crimes. At the time of this article’s publication (March 13, 2011), he was serving a 10-year prison sentence for aggravated robbery and was scheduled to be released in 4 months.

      According to Yvonne Williams, Tishana’s father practically did not appear in her daughter’s life. His parents sometimes took her to church, and her mother’s parents took her granddaughter to Disneyland and took her to family events – joint vacations and birthdays.

      Immediately after her divorce from Sam Culver Jr., Yvonne moved into her grandmother’s house near East 120th Street and Buckeye Road and took a job with the Nurses Association.

      Cabbage Patch dolls, popular in those years

      When Tishana was little, her grandmother Caledonia Williams bought her two dolls – Strawberry Shortcake and Cabbage Patch, with the hair of which the girl experimented, making various hairstyles. Relatives believe that she could have become a hairdresser if her life had not gone downhill.

      In her early years, Tishana attended Harvey Rice Elementary School, was a Brownie Scout, and attended the Charles A. Mooney Dance School. As she got older, she entered the school. John Adams, began to write poetry, and after classes did the hair of the neighbor girls.

      Her mother recalls that her daughter could stand up for herself when someone tried to offend her or be rude. Despite the fact that she was only about 150 centimeters, she could fight back anyone.

      Tishana gave birth to her first child in her second year of high school, but did not live with his father. After graduating, she obtained her license as a beautician from the former Vogue Beauty Academy on Payne Avenue. She also took nursing courses and planned a wedding with Marcus Johnson. But the house of cards fell apart when at 1998 in Gordon Park in Cleveland, the police found him with a gunshot wound to the head. Death came instantly. Since the murder weapon was lying next to the guy on the sidewalk, the coroner’s office ruled the death a suicide.

      After the death of her lover, Tishana fell into depression, which led her to drugs and promiscuity with men.

      Latania Irby recalls that in those years Tishana had a long series of unsuccessful relationships and pregnancies. And since she was not up to the children, her mother decided to take her grandchildren to herself. Left alone, the girl began a sporadic eight-year relationship with Carl Johnson (namesake of Marcus Johnson), who would become the father of three of Tishana’s six children.

      They met in 2000 when a girl was waiting for a bus at East 120th Street and Buckeye Road. Carl remembers that she asked him for a cigarette, but he got nervous and gave her $20 and his phone number instead of cigarettes. They got along because they both liked to drink, smoke marijuana or crack.

      Johnson says that Tishana, while in a relationship with him, sold her body in order to buy drugs with the money she received. Carl didn’t like it, but he never turned down crack.

      ×
      Addiction is a disease…and I’m not proud of it. Every time she put on that red lipstick, I knew what it meant… it hurt me to see the person I love get into a car with strangers and then get out of it.
      – recalls Carl Johnson

      Since the couple was constantly without money, they lived in rented rooms and apartments in East Cleveland, with relatives and acquaintances. And in 2004, they tried to start over and moved to the city of Akron, which is located 56 km southeast of Cleveland. According to Johnson, they attended Narcotics Anonymous meetings and took jobs at the Rubbermaid factory. Tishana also made money styling her hair.

      They remained clean for several months, but in the end everything returned to normal – the addiction got the better of them. Johnson says Tishana was arrested in 2005 for domestic violence when she punched him and then attacked him with a knife.

      ×
      At that moment Tishana was pregnant with my child and did not want to give up drugs. So I provoked a fight, called the police, and she was arrested. It was the only way to keep her off crack during her pregnancy.
      – Carl Johnson says

      Johnson went clean in 2006, but Tishana Culver didn’t need to. Their paths diverged. The girl gave birth to her last child in 2007, when she was in prison. Despite the fact that Karl was his father, he did not dare to take him under guardianship, as he was in rehabilitation.

      After serving her sentence, Tishana returned to her family on Imperial Avenue in Cleveland, but did not live long there. Her main occupation was prostitution, thanks to which the girl bought drugs for herself. When her mother and sister said that she was setting a bad example for her children, she packed her things and left. The last time they saw their daughter was in 2008.

      As for Carl Johnson, he last spoke to Culver on Valentine’s Day 2008. They discussed a future without drugs, as well as the possibility of living together again, taking their children with them. Carl recalls that he put the girl on a bus to Cleveland and said that he would be waiting for her in Akron when she was ready to return to him.

      But she never came to see him.

      ---

      When Lishande was only 6 years old, social workers took her away from her drug-addicted mother and gave her to her aunt to raise. The girl did well at school, she had excellent attendance, she participated in the DARE program that tells teenagers about the dangers of drugs, she was baptized in the church, participated in children’s programs and took care of her brothers and sisters. According to relatives, she behaved with them like a mother. Aunt Caroline Long recalls that Lishan was a cocky child but never caused problems for anyone.

      But it didn’t last long.

      The first time Lishanda became pregnant at the age of 14, gave birth to three children and died by the age of 25. She was the youngest of 11 women found dead in a white frame house at 12205 Imperial Avenue.

      Her family still doesn’t know how she ended up in Sowell’s lair. But investigators say he preyed on vulnerable women who lived on the fringes of society. To take their lives, he offered them drugs.

      ×
      I can honestly say that at this rate, I’ll be dead before I’m 18.
      — wrote Lishanda Long in October 2000 to former Cuyahoga County Juvenile Judge John W. Gallagher 903 Long was born in 1984 to a family where her mother (Jewell) was on cocaine and her father barely showed up at home. Relatives are sure that all the troubles of the girl began in childhood, when a drug addict mother left her daughter alone. Then the guardianship authorities decided that it would be better if the children lived with their father, and gave them to Jim Allen, who lived with his mother in a house on Folsom Avenue.

      But in 1990, when social workers decided to visit the father of many children, it turned out that six children, aged from one to 13 years old, were in an apartment without parents. As it turned out later, the grandmother was away, and the father disappeared again.

      After the authorities concluded that living conditions put the children at risk, they were first placed in foster families, and then Sister Jewell took custody of the six children. The woman’s name was Caroline Long, and she had two sons of her own. To support her family, she worked at a gas station and elsewhere.

      Caroline tried to protect her adopted children from drug-addicted parents and their harmful lifestyles. Then she moved her entire family to Lorain County (about 50 kilometers west of Cleveland). Here Lishanda entered the Lincoln Academy.

      Things were going well for a while, but as the girl got older, she began to constantly resent the fact that she did not see her biological parents and tried several times to go to them.

      Around the same time, Caroline gets a job in Kokomo, Indiana, at a nursing home, and moves all the children there (477 km west of Cleveland). The woman thought that in the new place she would be able to start everything from the beginning, but Lishand did not like it. It got to the point that the girl ran away from home and did not make herself felt for several days in a row. All this time she kept saying that she wanted to live with her mother or father.

      Since Lishanda’s deviant behavior could affect other children, Caroline tells her that if her father doesn’t mind, she can go to him at any time. Unfortunately, he did not mind, and at the age of 14, the girl returned to Cleveland. At first she lived with her grandmother, and then moved to her father and stepmother. From that moment on, the child began to have problems – relatives said that she often left home in an attempt to find her mother.

      In the first year after moving, Lishan was imprisoned for juveniles several times and also became pregnant with her first child. By the age of 17, she already had three children, but the guardianship authorities concluded that she was not capable of raising them. According to reports, her top crimes included the theft of a pocket computer, a pit bull, and the kidnapping of her children from relatives who took care of them.

      Janie Whitehead, a retired social worker with the Ohio Department of Youth, met Long while she was in custody. The woman says that every time Lishanda was arrested, she was either pregnant or ready to give birth. She gave birth to all three children while in prison.

      According to Whitehead, Long had a strong character, as she always became the leader among the inmates. But few people knew what the girl really feels.

      ×
      When I get home, I will definitely attend Cuyahoga Community College for a year or two so that I can spend time with my children and family. And then I’ll move out of state to go to Spelman College or Georgia Tech in Atlanta.
      – wrote Lishanda Long in the autumn of 2000

      And according to Janie Whitehead, the girl had every chance to enter any institution of those she spoke about. She had a unique ability – she wrote letters so sensually and soulfully that when you read them, you were captured by emotions.

      But instead, when Lishanda came of age, she continued to be arrested. Relatives said that, most likely, she abused marijuana and cocaine. The upbringing and care of her children fell on the shoulders of the girl’s father and other relatives. From time to time she called her brothers, sisters and cousins ​​in Indiana, but in August 2008 the girl went missing.

      In November 2009, investigators found a bucket containing a skull in the basement of a house at 12205 Imperial Avenue. DNA tests confirmed that it belonged to Lishande Long.

      Caroline Long’s youngest son, Terry, said he thought Leshanda tried to fight off Sowell before she was killed. And the fact that only a skull remained of her suggests that she defended herself as best she could.

      The last time Caroline Long spoke to her niece was in 2008 on the phone. The girl complained that she did not listen to the lessons that adults tried to give her.

      ×
      She said, “Aunt, I know if I had listened to you, things would have been different. I’m sorry I was so stubborn.” In response, I said that it was not too late to start all over again.
      – says Caroline Long

      A few months later, Leshanda Long went missing.

      ---

      Michelle Mason wanted a better life for her sons and did not want them to become victims of street temptations. When the boys grew up, one remained to live in Cleveland, and the second went to Georgia.

      Once Michelle dialed her son’s number and asked Shannon Liccardo, 22, how he was doing. When the guy told his mother what she was doing, she said that she was now at the bus station in Valdosta (approx. Valdosta is a city in the state of Georgia, about 1500 km south of Cleveland) and wanted to catch a taxi and come to him … but she did not know the address .

      As Shannon recalled, it was the most memorable meeting – spontaneous and intense. They sat in the diner, talking, laughing, and managed to watch a few films in the dollar cinema.

      “I had the coolest mom in the world. She always supported me in everything ”, Shannon recalls.

      Relatives believe that the last years of Michelle’s life were the best years in her life – she stopped using heroin, became independent, arrests stopped, friends and relationships appeared. In the first place of the girl was the family that supported her throughout her life.

      But the biggest blow to the Mason family was the news that Michelle’s remains were found in a house at 12205 Imperial Avenue.

      Michelle Mason was born in December 1963 to a large Cleveland family (she was the fifth of six children). Then the Mason family lived in an isolated area, on the border with the city of Garfield Heights, where my mother has lived since the 1970s. Her brother lived around the corner.

      The girl attended Cranwood Primary School and Charles W. Eliot High School. Every Sunday, she and her family went to St. Timothy’s Church (today the Church of the Holy Spirit) on East 131st Street.

      Since the girl knew her neighborhood and the surrounding areas inside and out, all she wanted when she grew up was to leave Cleveland and start traveling. As she got older, she began attending the Cleveland Job Corps, which later allowed her to travel to New York and New Jersey.

      Michelle’s mother, Adlin Atterberry, recalls that when her daughter moved to New York and stopped calling home, she was forced to file a missing persons report. After that, the girl began to call up her relatives, but she did this extremely rarely. And later it became known that Michelle began to use heroin. But that was only the beginning – at 19In 1986, Adlin received a call from the New Jersey child welfare authorities, who said that her daughter had given birth to a child and could not take care of him. Mary, Michelle’s older sister, took him in.

      Michelle is baptized in St. Timothy’s Church

      Two years later, Michelle has another son, whom she also could not raise because of her heroin addiction. Then the relatives decided that the boy must be taken away. But since Mary (sister and single mother) could not afford it financially, it was decided that Adlin would take the child (approx. Adlin and Mary lived in neighboring houses).

      Both boys went to private school, attended church and grew up in the love of loved ones. As for the personalities of the fathers, they were known, but the men did not participate in the life of the sons.

      When Michelle tells her mother in the early 1990s that she is ready to go home, she buys her a bus ticket. Adlin recalls that she was returned to a skinny and sick version of her daughter, who was infected with HIV through a needle. After the girl found out that she was sick, she made every effort to get rid of heroin addiction. And she did it. But there was one minus, she switched from heroin to cocaine.

      And despite the fact that the family tried to help Michelle get rid of bad habits, the streets pulled her back. From 1993 to 2001, the girl was arrested nine times for drug possession.

      Michelle with son Shannon

      But the turning point came precisely in 2001, when Michelle was shot in the face by an unknown person on East 131st Street and her body was thrown into one of the garages. Bloodied and standing with one foot in the other world, she reached the nearest mini-market and asked to call an ambulance.

      After a long operation, doctors managed to save her life. Despite the fact that instead of one eye there was now a glass one, and the bullet remained in the neck, the girl realized that this was a chance to start everything from the beginning.

      Sister Mary says that Michelle had a hard life, but she got through it. She was able to survive the bad years, as she was strong despite some weaknesses. She tried not to be upset about what was happening, whether it was an illness or the loss of an eye. She accepted it calmly and moved on.

      ×
      Yes, Michelle had a drug addiction, there were arrests. She didn’t hide it from us. And we, in turn, did not lie to her sons, who their real mother is. We loved Michelle and accepted her for who she is.
      – says Mary Mason

      Some time later, Michelle began attending addiction treatment sessions at Marymount Hospital. After completing her treatment, she continued to attend Narcotics Anonymous meetings and also regularly visited the Catholic Church. Adlin says she had a Bible given to her during her treatment. Michelle never parted with this book. For her, it was a reminder of the path that had been taken.

      Since 2001, Michelle has never been arrested, she became an active volunteer in a local AIDS group, began attending Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, where she gave very powerful speeches that influenced people.

      After all these incidents, the girl began to visit her mother regularly, rented a one-room apartment near East 121st Street and Buckeye Road, paid her own bills and bought medicines. She wanted to live and was able to start over. All this time she also maintained contact with both sons.

      But one October morning in 2008, Michelle Mason left her mother’s house, saying she would be back in a couple of hours, but never did. Three days later, one of her sons noticed that her phone went straight to voicemail.

      Relatives filed a missing persons report with the Cleveland police, endlessly searched for her on their own and tried to get media coverage of this incident. But it seemed like no one cared about that.

      After it was revealed that Michelle was one of the victims of the Cleveland Strangler, the heartbroken relatives could not understand how the two ended up in the same place. After the police checked the girl’s phone records, they did not find a single call to Sowell in them.

      They were connected only by the fact that the girl’s apartment was not far from the maniac’s house. She probably got off the bus and walked down Imperial Avenue to her house, but on the way she met Anthony. Mary Mason is sure that her sister did not know him before, he just somehow managed to talk to her and drag her to him.

      Relatives say that Michelle was the friendliest girl in the world who thought she was good with people.

      ---

      Tonya Carmichael was born in Cleveland on June 30, 1956 years old and grew up on the East Side. Her parents, Barbara and Donald Carmichael Sr., divorced when she was very young, so Tonya and her brother Donald Jr. were raised by their mother. Barbara, who worked as a nurse in those years, recalls that her daughter enjoyed gardening. She grew pumpkins, corn and greens near the house, and then sold it all to her neighbors. The girl went to Daniel E. Morgan Elementary School, was a member of the 4-H Club, did all the housework and understood that work is important for any person.

      However, Tonya gave birth to her first child, daughter Markisha, at the age of 16. After that, she dropped out of John Hay High School, where she never returned, but received her diploma.

      In 1976 unknown people kill Tony’s brother.

      In 1977 the second daughter Donnita, named after her late uncle, is born to the girl. At that time, the family lived in East Cleveland, near Page Avenue, where Anthony Sowell’s family lived. However, Sowell enlisted in the Marines in 1977 and left the state.

      Despite the fact that the girl knew the fathers of her children, she did not stay with them. By and large, she was a good mother to her daughters. She took them on vacation with her and tried to introduce them to things that would broaden their horizons, whether it was horseback riding or going to concerts. She worked in a hospital receptionist and took various college courses to give her children a better life than she had.

      Over the years, she has taken classes at Cuyahoga Community College in subjects such as general psychology, mathematics, business, and social studies. She also obtained licenses for hairdressing and real estate activities, and also worked as a secretary and barmaid.

      Donita Carmichael said that when the crack cocaine epidemic first hit the streets of Cleveland, her mother was constantly driving drug dealers out of her house. And they listened to her, because they saw that the girl was raising two children alone.

      Tonya gave birth to her third child, the son of Jonathan, in 1985. His childhood was markedly different from that of his sisters. In those years, a girl with children moved to another area of ​​Cleveland – Lee Harvard, but often returned back to buy crack. In the end, Tonya was evicted from the house, and she had to constantly rent rooms and apartments for a short time or live with her mother. Daughter Donna believes that one of her ex-boyfriends is to blame, as well as the death of her father, whom she adored.

      ×
      Mom always thought she could stop if she wanted to.
      – remembers Donna Carmichael

      But in 2001 it became clear that the drugs were stronger than Tony’s willpower. Then she lost custody of her 12-year-old son, whom Barbara adopted, and was arrested several times for drug possession and theft. After prison, she could stay clean for a couple of months, but eventually broke down again. Relatives recall that the girl worked just enough to earn a dose.

      However, she was never like all those drug addicts around – dirty, disheveled and hopeless. Tonya loved to dress up and walk around the city. She went to casinos and cruised to the sandy beaches of the Caribbean…but when the drugs took over, the woman began to change.

      Donita Carmichael recalls a time when her mother tried to sell her a camera in search of drug money. Since the girl perfectly understood why she needed money, she refused. They last saw each other in 2008 at a family barbecue at Barbara’s house.

      ×
      This Sunday I asked her to quit drugs… but she just sat at the table and looked at me all evening. says Donna Carmichael

      ---

      Years ago, Kim made a deal with her father that they would take care of each other no matter what. And after the man suffered a spinal injury that chained him to a wheelchair, she constantly looked after him: she sang while cleaning the house, cooked his favorite steaks with potatoes and accompanied him to a doctor’s appointment.

      In response, the father, a veteran Marine, also loved and supported his daughter despite her drug addiction. He asked his daughter to change her life, paid for drug treatment programs and psychologists, allowed her to live with him and gave her money.

      Friends recall that Kim took better care of her father than of herself. She just hung out with the wrong people and smoked crack cocaine. She was 44 years old when her body was found at 12205 Imperial Avenue. She never married and was the only one of the 11 victims who did not have children.

      Kim was a creative person: she loved to sing and draw. Relatives say that for a long time the girl worked as a backing vocalist at various city events. However, the good times did not last long, as the drugs proved stronger. And when Kim ended up in jail because of them, then all she had to do there was paint and send pictures by mail home. All this time, the father hoped that his daughter would change.

      And then she was gone…

      Kim Yvette Smith was born on January 20, 1965 years at Huron Road Hospital to Virginia Herndon and Donald Smith. She was their only child, although Donald had a son from a previous relationship and lived with his mother.

      Kim’s father worked for a bottling company in Maple Heights and her mother worked as an accountant in downtown. They lived in a house on East 145th Street and Kinsman Road.

      The girl had a typical childhood – she loved to play with dolls, watch cartoons and go on dates with her cousins. She had a weakness for animals. She loved Champ’s family dog ​​(shepherd/collie mix) and she sometimes brought home stray cats.

      Kim attended Robert Fulton Elementary School and Alexander Hamilton High School. But by the time she started high school, her parents had divorced. The girl stayed with her mother, stepfather and three half-brothers.

      Donald Smith says that during this period he saw his daughter very rarely, but continued to support her financially. Since he remained on bad terms with his ex-wife, he does not know everything that Kim did as a teenager. But he is sure that she started using drugs when she was in high school – first there was marijuana, then cocaine and others.

      According to her father, the girl looked much older than her age, and older men began to pay attention to her.

      ×
      She was very attractive, and I knew what the next gentleman wanted from her. I would say that her body grew before her mind.
      – Donald Smith speaking

      One of Kim’s paintings

      Smith graduated from Warrensville Heights High in 1983 and then attended Cuyahoga Community College. According to her father, she studied art, dance and other subjects, while combining it with drug use.

      The first time the girl committed a criminal offense was in 1985, when she acquired stolen property. Later, she was often prosecuted for drug-related crimes. The last time this happened was in 2006 when she was arrested at East 83rd Street and Glade Avenue in Cleveland. The police found cocaine on her, and the court sentenced her to 6 months in prison.

      Her father says that he visited his daughter when she was in prison, and persuaded her to give up drugs, to which she replied that she really wanted to “clean up” herself.

      Kim Smith’s last prison term ended in 2007. By then, her father had undergone an operation that left him in a wheelchair. He organized several drug treatment programs for his daughter. All this time she lived with him.

      Aunt, Christine Shoby, says that Kim tried very hard to quit and be close to her father, as he had been for all these years. When she got out of prison, her only desire was to get back on her feet and take care of her father.

      But soon after she moved in with Donald, Kim began to disappear for a day or two. Every time she called her father and said that she was fine. But he knew that the girl was taking drugs.

      Donald Smith last saw his daughter on January 17, 2009, three days before her 44th birthday. Then Kim was going to go shopping with Shobi. He gave her $100 with a wish to have a good time.

      Kristin Shoby said that the first thing Kim did was buy her niece clothes, and then they had lunch at a Chinese restaurant. According to her, the girl was in a good mood. In the evening they returned to Donald’s house.

      ×
      She came up, hugged me, kissed me, and then said that she needed to leave for a while. And she left.
      – remembers Donald Smith

      Donald Smith in a wheelchair

      Days passed, but there was no news from her daughter. Fearing something had happened to her, Donald decided to launch his own investigation and posted a $1,000 reward for information on his daughter’s whereabouts.

      He also asked her friends to post posters with Kim’s photos on all telephone poles, notice boards outside grocery stores and gas stations. All who called him were people who wanted to get money for false information.

      A few months later, he learned of the bodies at Sowell’s house. When investigators asked people with missing loved ones to provide DNA to help identify the bodies, Donald went to the Cuyahoga County coroner’s office. A few days later, he heard words he didn’t want to hear… that his daughter had died.

      ---

      Nancy Cobbs loved her five grandchildren more than her life. She taught them to ride a bike, took them to the park, cooked breakfasts, lunches and dinners, took them to the doctor. Most of all, she wanted to be with them, since she could no longer become the best mother for her children, because instead of spending time with her children, she was in prison for drugs.

      But when she wasn’t spending time with her grandchildren, she was talking to a friendly man who lived three blocks from Nancy’s mother’s house. When he saw the members of the girl’s family, he greeted them and smiled. They knew him by sight, but did not know his name. Yes, they did not need it – at first glance, this man did not look dangerous.

      When Nancy went missing in April 2009, family members, friends and neighbors began checking all the abandoned houses in the area, hoping to find the woman. But everything was inconclusive, as her body was discovered in another house six months later.

      It was only after the remains of 11 women were found in the house at 12205 Imperial Avenue that Nancy’s family learned that the full name of that friendly man was Anthony Edward Sowell.

      Nancy Cobbs was born in 1966 in Cleveland to Luvenia Cobbs and Lewis Congress, who lived on Griffing Avenue. She was their only child, attended Harvey Rice High School and John Hay High School, but never graduated from the latter, as she dropped out due to an early pregnancy (although she still received a high school diploma). Nine months later, Nancy gave birth to a daughter, Kyan, and married the child’s father. The guy’s name was William Hunt, and almost immediately after giving birth he went into the army … and after returning they had a second child, a boy whom they named William III. After a few years of happy married life, Cobbs and Hunt divorced.

      Some time later, the girl meets Adam Williams at the old Mad Hatter nightclub on East 18th Street and Prospect Avenue and falls head over heels in love with him. Their couple lasted nine years.

      In an interview, Williams said that when they met, Nancy was using drugs, but after she became pregnant with her third child, Audrey’s daughter, she immediately stopped and began to look for any legal ways to earn extra money.

      ×
      Nancy was very good. The only person in her entire life whom she offended and betrayed was herself.
      – said Adam Williams

      He was sure that Nancy and the children would move with him, but she committed an offense and ended up in prison. After that, Williams and Cobbs simply parted ways. The girl continued to use drugs.

      Despite the fact that Audrey was placed under the care of her grandmother, while Nancy was in prison, Adam continued to send alimony.

      In an interview, Audrey Williams said that she and her mother were close, and she was “mother’s girl” who did not leave her for a second. Even when her father tried to call her to him, she answered that she would stay in Cleveland with Nancy.

      In 1996, Cobbs was sentenced to three years in prison for drug trafficking and possession of unregistered weapons. While the girl was serving time, all three children again went to their grandmother. Against this background, Audrey began to have problems with the law. Father in another city, mother in prison… nobody cared about her. Therefore, she gave birth to her first child at the age of 13.

      Audrey recalls that she often visited her mother in prison, but did not understand why she was withdrawing from her. And even despite this, she remained the main protector of her mother, even when the rest of the relatives disowned her.

      After another release, Nancy wandered around rented apartments and rooms, occasionally staying at her mother’s house, and in 2007 she moved to Quincy Avenue to Audrey, whom she helped in every possible way to take care of her grandchildren.

      ×
      When the kids had their birthdays, I didn’t have to do anything at all, as my mother decorated the house and cooked the food herself. She did everything to make my children proud of their grandmother.
      – recalls Audrey Williams

      But no matter how positive she was, Mount Pleasant still disappeared on the streets. Audrey last saw her mother in April 2009year, who spent the whole day with her children, and in the evening said that she would be back soon and left. Nobody else saw her.

      The next day, the daughter went to the Cuyahoga police to file a missing persons report, printed flyers with a picture of her mother asking for help with any information, and posted them on bulletin boards, telephone poles, and store corners. The strangest thing was that these flyers disappeared after 2-3 days.

      When they heard about the bodies found at Sowell’s house in November 2009, Audrey Williams and her sister Kiana Hunt immediately rushed to provide DNA samples, which confirmed a couple of days later that their mother was one of the victims. And the man who often drank beer with their mother was charged with murder.

      After the funeral ceremony, Audrey decided that she needed to change her life before it was too late, as she embarked on the path of her mother. In order not to lose her three children, she began going to a beauty school in Cleveland Heights in order to get a good job after.

      ---

      From early childhood Amelda Hunter loved to read. For this, everyone jokingly called her a bookworm. But instead of children’s books, Amy loved the classics, like the tragic story of Anne Frank, a girl who hid for years in her tiny hideout during the Holocaust but died anyway in a concentration camp.

      Lynette’s older sister Hunter Taylor says that another of her favorite books was Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities, which she also read as a child in Chicago. The girl also recalls that at the age of 14 her sister’s life was turned upside down when she became pregnant from one of the teachers, and 9 months later she gave birth to a daughter, Kelly, who had cerebral palsy and 100 percent deafness.

      One gets the impression that with such “surprises” life deliberately pushed Amelda to drugs, which created the illusion of salvation and introduced her to the owner of the house at 12205 Imperial Avenue, where she appeared very often.

      Little is known about Amy’s early years, except that she was born in Chicago and was the sixth of eight children. When Amelda turned from a teenager into a mother, her older sister Taylor, who was already married and lived in Cleveland, travels to Chicago, collects her mother, brothers, sisters and transports them all to Cleveland.

      Relatives say they know almost nothing about the father of Amy’s child. But Taylor, as mentioned earlier, is sure that her sister became pregnant from a teacher who got her drunk at a school party, and then persuaded her to have sex.

      Then Taylor was sure that moving the whole family to Cleveland would be better for everyone, but everything turned out exactly the opposite – every day it got worse. Almost all children began to use alcohol and drugs, including Amelda. This happened both on the streets and in the bars on East 105th Street, where Taylor took her brothers and sisters with her. Here Amy began to communicate with older men.

      Relatives recall that the reason that the girl began to use drugs may be the state of health of her daughter Kelly, who at that time lived in an orphanage. Although she tried not to talk about the child with cerebral palsy and deafness, it was hard for her to live with it.

      When Amelda Hunter was 19 years old, she met a guy named Bobby Dancy in one of the Cleveland bars, with whom she would be together for many years. Although they never married, he was always open to having a girl living in his house. Amy and Dancy had three children: Bobby Jr., Andrew, and daughter Victoria, who died of a birth defect.

      When they moved in together, Bobby Sr. worked as a machine operator, and Hunter, who never finished high school, dabbled in a variety of jobs, including hairdressing, home care aide, and election commissioner.

      Bobby Dancy recalls that it took him years to realize that his lover had a serious drug problem. He himself never took them, but he drank a lot. We had fights They were always due to the fact that she was leaving and leaving the children alone.
      – Bobby Dancy remembers

      He woke up in the morning and found that the girl was no longer at home. But when he returned from work in the evening, she was already waiting for him with a ready dinner, a clean house and promises that she would no longer use crack. And after that, she could disappear again for a few days.

      Several times Amy was treated at the clinic to wash out the remains of drugs and never return to them, but as court records show, Hunter was arrested three times for possession of drugs and theft, and in 2001 for all the same possession, she spent several months in a women’s prison in Marysville.

      And since their mother was always away, the Hunter sons learned to take care of themselves. When she was at home, she could be found on the couch reading or watching TV shows. Sometimes she asked her son Bobby to help her become a member of the show Jeopardy! (approx. American television quiz game, the essence of which is that the participants answer questions from the field of general knowledge: each question is presented in the form of a statement about a certain subject, and the player must give his answer in the form of a question, naming the desired subject). Bobby Jr. still regrets that he didn’t. 9My mother was very smart. When we watched Jeopardy! with her, I was surprised that she answered all the questions correctly every time.
      – says Bobby Hunter Jr.

      Complex to relatives, it seemed to relatives that the girl’s affairs were improved for half a year. Then Amelda started going to the Church of the Word, and she seemed to bring her back to life. As her sister Denise Hunter recalls, Amelda became a new person, not like the one everyone knew before.

      But in the snowy spring of 2009, she disappeared. Amy didn’t come back the next day or the next week. Bobby Dancy says he didn’t notify the police right away, believing Hunter was back to her old habits.

      Denise remembers that when she saw the story from the house on Imperial Avenue on TV, her heart skipped a beat, because a couple of years ago she was already here with her sister, who said that her friend Tony lived here. Even though the living room was dark, the dining room was full of people drinking and having fun. Then the girl immediately left and did not personally meet the owner of the house.
      – recalls Lynnett Hunter Taylor

      ---

      When Ines FORTSON came to a picnic arranged by the Acron children’s house, I immediately noticed a beautiful girl, which played in the loda. Then the woman thought that her two sons would be happy if sisters appeared in the house. But when the woman came to draw up documents for adoption, the shelter allowed only Tilashia to be taken away (perhaps because at that time Ines was divorced and raised her sons alone).

      When the social worker dropped the girl off at her new home in Cleveland, the girl began to cry. To break the ice, the new mom took her to a nearby Silverman store, where she bought some toys and also let her choose sheets for her bed.

      ×
      
      – says Ines FORTSON

      But despite the fact that Tilashia has a new family, this girl, which was packed in a dietary glass of diet , and could not overcome the feeling of abandonment. As a teenager, she often ran away, and it seemed that all her life she was looking for love. She wanted to have a family and someone who could just love her.

      It is known that Telashia was in the orphanage at the age of 5 or 6 years. The biological mother struggled with drug addiction, and the father was an alcoholic. And even though the girl practically did not communicate with them, bad habits were inherited.

      As for the foster mother, Inez Fortson worked as a school bus caretaker, and her house was like a greenhouse with many plants, aquariums, sculptures and chirping birds in cages. The woman taught her adopted daughter how to care for animals and keep the house clean, and she liked it.

      ×
      She had very small hands. Usually when you braid a person’s braid, you accidentally hurt them. But when Telashia once braided my hair, she was very gentle. I helped her get her license as a beautician. I wanted her to give the girls beautiful hair and nails.
      — recalls Ines Fortson

      But not everything in Telashia Fortson’s life was beautiful… she once told one social worker that she had been smoking marijuana since she was 14.

      Ebony Groomster, whose grandmother Lucille was one of Telashia’s first adoptive mothers, recalls that when the girl ran away from home, she always came to Lucille. And she never refused her a lodging for the night. Ebony believes that Fortson, like many other children, felt like an unnecessary loser, since moving from one foster family to another, the child does not feel stable.

      In addition to Lucille’s house, in her teenage years Telashia lived constantly with friends. Inez says that she tried her best to set some rules, but her daughter did not want to follow them. They were like two pit bulls.

      Due to her legal troubles, by the age of 17, Tilashia Fortson was living at the Bellefaire facility in Shaker Heights, which specializes in helping young people who have experienced abuse, drug addiction or mental health problems. However, she finished high school at Bellefaire, and at 1

      In 2001 and 2002, she was arrested several times for possession of drugs, and in 2003, while pregnant, cocaine was found in her blood. In April of the same year, she gave birth to a son, Kristen. And since the identity of the father was unknown, the Cuyahoga County Department of Children and Families began the process of removing the child from the mother’s custody.

      Here is what was said in the seizure documents: “The child is at risk – the mother tried to commit suicide four times” , “Telashia Fortson tried three times in 2003 for drug addiction treatment and failed three times” , “Mother lacks parenting skills to care for her child” and “Does not have a permanent home.”

      And while the case of depriving the mother of the child was in court, Telashia gives birth to her second child on Christmas Eve 2004. As in the first case, the drug test failed.

      Immediately after the birth, she loses her rights to a second child. It was a girl whom she named Telashiya. Then the girl was 20 years old, and her boyfriend, Terrence Maynor, was 36. The man was an avid criminal – he was repeatedly imprisoned for burglary and possession of drugs.

      ×
      93AR If she got a good partner, then now everything could be different. But all those guys that were in her life did not do anything good for her and did not help her quit drugs.
      says “Aunty” Williams

      In 2006, the girl becomes pregnant again by Terrence and moves to the women’s crisis center Laura’s House. Social worker Tammy Mitchell recalls that when she first saw Telashia, she was broken and broken. She was a person who sincerely wanted to get on the right path. In this institution, the girl devoted herself completely to the rehabilitation program, wrote poetry, kept diaries. According to Tammy Mitchell, the shelter staff saw that she wanted to leave the past behind and become a loving mother to her children.

      Telashia gave birth to her third child, a girl, Talia, in November 2006. Then her results in the “House of Laura” were promising. Friends say that this was the longest period when she communicated with her child. In addition, she sang in the orphanage choir, took care of household chores and was approved for a vocational training program.

      But in the spring of 2007, she says that she has improved and can live independently outside the walls of the institution. And a few months later she came back – devastated and lost. After leaving Laura’s House, she relapsed and again lost custody of her third child. All three of Telashia’s children were adopted by “Auntie” Williams.

      When Laura’s employees once again began to ask the girl if she was really ready to change, she said through tears that if she was outside the Center again, she would die. They believed her. The management considered that the girl was sincere in her words and really understood that it was simply dangerous to return to her former life.

      Telashia Fortson’s children

      In 2008, while in prison for stealing money, Telashia sent a letter to her friend Williams saying that she still felt she was not needed by anyone.

      ×
      But as I continued to pray to the Lord, I began to realize that I was getting closer and closer to becoming a respected member of society and a good mother to my children.3250
      — Telashia Fortson wrote in one of the letters to Williams

      The girl was last seen in early June 2009 in East Cleveland. She came with grocery bags to her foster mother, cleaned her house and fried chicken, as she had done many times before.

      A few days later, Ines Fortson reported her daughter missing to the police. And after the bodies of 11 women were found on Imperial Avenue, the Cuyahoga County Coroner’s office asked the family to report the girl’s special features.

      Then her mother said that Telashia had tattoos with the names of her children on her arm. But since the body decomposed too quickly, this trace was not found.

      Inez Fortson (left)

      ---

      Janice Webb did not like being away from family and home (Buckey Road area). Even the sunny skies of California didn’t seem as sunny as those of beloved Cleveland. Here she went to school, fell in love and earned a living.

      Unfortunately, Webb, like her beloved neighborhood, has fallen victim to the crack cocaine epidemic 1980-90s. For part of her life, she wandered the streets in search of drugs, got into the police, and in June 2009 she disappeared altogether. She was 48 years old.

      Before Janice plunged into drug addiction, she was a family man. According to relatives, she constantly joked, and loved to spend time with her family.

      She was the fourth of six children born to Joanne and James Webb Sr. The family lived at her grandmother’s home on Manor Avenue in Cleveland. His father worked at a construction site and worked as a carpenter, his mother worked in a shelter for women with special needs. According to relatives, the family very often visited St. Timothy Missionary Baptist Church on Carnegie Avenue. All the children, including Janice, were baptized here, but unlike the others, she sang in the choir and acted as a caretaker.

      Her sister Audrey recalled that as a child, Janice often caused trouble for her siblings. For example, one day, a girl crashed into her grandmother’s large aquarium and broke it. When her parents found out about this, she blamed one of the sisters for this. Audrey thinks that Janice enjoyed these things.

      Janice Webb went to Mount Auburn Elementary School, Audubon High School and graduated from John Hay High School in 1979. After school, she worked as a waitress at Corky & Lenny’s in South Euclid. A few years later, Webb became pregnant and had a son, with whose father she did not stay.

      In the early 1980s, she met Michael Harrell, who lived with her in the same area. As Michael himself recalled, he met Janice through a cousin who was dating one of her sisters. A couple of years later, in 1983, the couple got married and lasted four years.

      During those years, Harrell worked at a local courier service and Webb at a downtown toy store. She occasionally accompanied him on trips to New York and Ann Arbor, Michigan, where they frequented local clubs such as Afro Village, Sherrod’s or Double Exposure.

      ×
      We went to clubs, we danced, we went to different shows… I really loved her.
      – recalls Michael Harrel

      after the same time at 19 at 1985 James Webb dies, some of the sisters, including Audrey, began to use crack cocaine. Janice categorically did not welcome this. But soon she began to hang around herself.

      Harrell recalls that one day he and Janice and her son drove to Los Angeles in their 1975 Ford to visit his relatives and lived there for about 6 months. It was at this time that the girl met with drugs. More precisely, this was done by Michael’s relatives. When they returned home six months later, they saw that the whole area was filled with crack.
      – SALE Michael Harrell

      when problems began in the family in Jence. Records show that she was convicted of drug possession and trafficking, carrying an unregistered weapon, and knowingly acquiring stolen property.

      Her younger sister Frances Webb said that although her sister had serious problems, she remained the person who brought the whole family together and reconciled her members if they had disagreements. In addition, Janice took care of his nieces, nephews and grandchildren. Francis says that the sister was a kind of peacemaker who could bring everyone together. And her sparkling humor made it impossible for you to say no to her.

      Audrey says that her sister tried to fight her addiction, but the neighborhood she lived in didn’t let her do it. Plus, Michael Harrel, after the divorce, continued to give her money for drugs.

      The last time he saw Webb was about four months before she was discovered at Sowell’s house. He said that she went to his house to once again borrow money. But this time, along with the money, the ex-husband gave advice that she should quit, as he saw how good life is without drugs.

      Janice Webb’s official disappearance date is June 3, 2009. A month after that date, the family filed a complaint with the police and leaflets with her photograph were pasted around the area.

      Relatives say that it was not like their sister. In any situation, she kept in touch with all her brothers and sisters, who became close after their mother died of cancer in 2005.

      Audrey Webb said that her sister called her every day. During their last conversation, she said that she would come to visit in the evening, but she never did.

      ---

      Diane Turner’s children were taken one by one. She struggled with drug addiction for years, was sober for 21 months, and started going to church. The girl sincerely believed that she could become a real mother for her little girl, who would be named Denise.

      And as her ex-boyfriend James Martin recalls, when Denise was born, it was probably the best time of Diane’s life. She did not use and was sure that this time everything would be fine.

      But, like all good things in her life, this moment did not last long. Social workers took Denise out of her mother’s care four days after she was born. Diane fought for the return of her daughter, but failed.

      After years of drug abuse, Turner disappeared in September 2009, the last of 11 women whose remains were found on Imperial Avenue in Cleveland. Her body was found in a bedroom on the third floor of Anthony Sowell’s house, and her remains remained unidentified the longest.

      According to social workers, Diane was one of the most difficult Cleveland drug addicts to help. Between prison sentences, she constantly changed places of residence and quit drug addiction treatment programs.

      Diane Turner was born November 4, 1970 in Cleveland, the second child of John and Mary Turner. As James Martin recalls (from what Diane herself told him), in childhood, she and her sibling were often physically abused by their parents. There was a case when she was hit on the head with a hammer. Plus, Diane had epilepsy.

      The only place where she felt safe was the street where the girl became addicted to drugs. Total between 1991 to 2009, the police arrested her a dozen times.

      She was well known to the Cleveland police as a prostitute who stopped cars on the streets of the East Side to earn money to buy drugs.

      By the age of 24, Diane had three children who were under the constant care of the Cuyahoga County Department of Children and Families due to her drug abuse and her inability to provide adequate care and support for the children.

      When county social workers referred her to drug treatment, she left them almost immediately. Juvenile court records show that when Turner gave birth at 1994 of her fourth child, traces of cocaine were found in her blood, as well as in the blood of her newborn daughter. After the girl left the child to a friend and disappeared for several days, the police tracked her down and imprisoned her. The county has decided that a fourth child does not belong with Diane Turner.

      Official documents say that the mother had the opportunity to provide the child with everything necessary, but she did not. Therefore, it is better if he is placed in a shelter for further adoption by foster parents.

      For the next few years, the girl was in and out of prison. During this time, she managed to give birth to another child, who was also taken away by social services.

      In the late 1990s, she began a relationship with James Martin, a former drug addict whom she had known since her party days on East 116th Street.

      Martin said that they started living together after a girl came to his house and asked if she could stay. He said that he was not against it, but there was one condition: she had to give up drugs. The guy says that after she moved into his house on Ansel Road in the Hough area, she felt what it was like to be part of the community. This was greatly facilitated by the acquaintance with the adviser Fanny Lewis, who took the girl under her wing and convinced Diane to start going to the university church at 89East Street (Lewis died in 2008). Diane also managed to complete the 12-step program. Living “clean” was not easy, but she tried to do it.

      But in 2001, the police arrest Diane because she violated the terms of parole (note the original text of the article does not specify which conditions were violated). While in prison, the girl discovers that she is pregnant with her sixth child. This time from Martin.

      When Diane was released, she continued to stay away from drugs, because she wanted to keep the child and prevent child welfare from taking it. She was glad that it seemed possible to her.

      But her high spirits were shattered in November 2001 when county social workers took away her 4-day-old baby, Denise, despite having had proof of her mother’s “purity” for 21 months.

      To win back her daughter, Turner agreed to enroll in Miracle Village, a now-closed drug treatment program run by the Cuyahoga Community Housing Authority.

      But again, she encountered many obstacles along the way. Juvenile court records show that Miracle Village employees asked county officials to remove Turner’s baby from the facility in December 2001 after they saw that the mother was overfeeding the baby or feeding him tainted milk.
      – Miracle Village documents say

      James Martin says treatment center staff talked Diane out of continuing with the program, saying they couldn’t provide the extra care she needed to treat her epilepsy. Nevertheless, he asked his beloved to stay in Miracle Village, hoping that they would be able to return the child. But Turner is gone.

      Instead of trying to strengthen the family, the system of social services destroyed it.

      A spokeswoman for the Cuyahoga County Department of Children and Families said the circumstances of Ms. Turner’s custody case boil down to the safety of the children. The Department has a duty—both morally and legally—to protect children from abuse and neglect.

      A few months after the girl left Miracle Village, in April 2002, she was arrested for drug possession. And the sixth child, meanwhile, was placed in an orphanage.

      Martin said that he had asked his girlfriend, Jasnet Groves, to be the foster mother of his child so that he and Diane could visit him. And since the guy did not want to lose the child, he completed parenting courses and received joint custody of Denise. Unlike him, Turner could not complete these courses due to another drug relapse.

      Girl friends also confirmed that they had not seen her for a long time in the Jamaican restaurant-shop Dailey’s on East 116th Street, where she often worked part-time.

      Soon the news broke about the bodies found on Imperial Avenue at the home of Anthony Sowell. The first 10 women were identified by the end of the first week of November. There was only one Jane Doe left. Many believed that the name of the 11th woman was not given, since none of the family members bothered to report her missing.

      All the difficulties were that Martin could not find DNA samples of the girl, he did not know her father, her mother died, and he did not know where all five of Diane’s children are now. The only possible option is to take DNA samples from their common daughter, who at that time was with a foster mother from relatives in Jamaica. It took Martin several weeks to arrange a flight for Denise back to Cleveland.

      Finally, the girl returned home on Thanksgiving, November 26, 2009. The next day, her father took her to the coroner’s office. And only on December 4, 2009, the identity of Diane Turner, as the 11th victim, was established.

      ---

      Coincidentally, on June 18, some time after the release of episode 14 of the Anthony Sowell podcast, cleveland.

      Paragraph punctuation: Punctuating a paragraph | 4th grade, 5th grade Writing Worksheet

      Опубликовано: July 20, 2020 в 11:12 am

      Автор: alexxlab

      Категории: Miscellaneous

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      • Slash (/)
      • Ellipses (….),
      • The comma (,),
      • Apostrophe (‘)
      • Semicolon (;)

      • The exclamation point (!)
      • Angle brackets (<>)
      • Parenthesis ()
      • Square brackets ([ ])
      • The hyphen (-)
      • Colon (:)
      • Braces ({})
      • Quotation marks (“” )

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      Punctuation Overview // Purdue Writing Lab

      Summary:

      When speaking, we can pause or change the tone of our voices to indicate emphasis. When writing, we must use punctuation to indicate these places of emphasis. This resource should help to clarify when and how to use various marks of punctuation.

      When speaking, we can pause or change the tone of our voices to indicate emphasis. When writing, we use punctuation to indicate these places of emphases. This handout should help to clarify when and how to use various marks of punctuation.

      Independent clause: a clause that has a subject and a verb and can stand alone; a complete sentence

      Dependent clause: a clause that has a subject and a verb but cannot stand alone; an incomplete sentence

      Comma

      Use a comma to join two independent clauses and a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, for, nor, so).

      Road construction can be inconvenient, but it is necessary.

      The new house has a large fenced backyard, so I am sure our dog will enjoy it.

      Use a comma after an introductory phrase, prepositional phrase, or dependent clause.

      To get a good grade, you must complete all your assignments.

      Because Dad caught the chicken pox, we canceled our vacation.

      After the wedding, the guests attended the reception.

      Use a comma to separate elements in a series. Although there is no set rule that requires a comma before the last item in a series, it seems to be a general academic convention to include it. The examples below demonstrate this trend.

      On her vacation, Lisa visited Greece, Spain, and Italy.

      In their speeches, many of the candidates promised to help protect the environment, bring about world peace, and end world hunger.

      Use a comma to separate nonessential elements from a sentence. More specifically, when a sentence includes information that is not crucial to the message or intent of the sentence, enclose it in or separate it by commas.

      John’s truck, a red Chevrolet, needs new tires.

      When he realized he had overslept, Matt rushed to his car and hurried to work.

      Use a comma between coordinate adjectives (adjectives that are equal and reversible).

      The irritable, fidgety crowd waited impatiently for the rally speeches to begin.

      The sturdy, compact suitcase made a perfect gift.

      Use a comma after a transitional element (however, therefore, nonetheless, also, otherwise, finally, instead, thus, of course, above all, for example, in other words, as a result, on the other hand, in conclusion, in addition)

      For example, the Red Sox, Yankees, and Indians are popular baseball teams.

      If you really want to get a good grade this semester, however, you must complete all assignments, attend class, and study your notes.

      Use a comma with quoted words.

      “Yes,” she promised. Todd replied, saying, “I will be back this afternoon.”

      Use a comma in a date.

      October 25, 1999

      Monday, October 25, 1999

      25 October 1999

      Use a comma in a number.

      15,000,000

      1614 High Street

      Use a comma in a personal title.

      Pam Smith, MD

      Mike Rose, Chief Financial Officer for Operations, reported the quarter’s earnings.

      Use a comma to separate a city name from the state.

      West Lafayette, Indiana

      Dallas, Texas

      Avoid comma splices (two independent clauses joined only by a comma). Instead, separate the clauses with a period, with a comma followed by a coordinating conjunction, or with a semicolon.

      Semicolon

      Use a semicolon to join two independent clauses when the second clause restates the first or when the two clauses are of equal emphasis.

      Road construction in Dallas has hindered travel around town; streets have become covered with bulldozers, trucks, and cones.

      Use a semicolon to join two independent clauses when the second clause begins with a conjunctive adverb (however, therefore, moreover, furthermore, thus, meanwhile, nonetheless, otherwise) or a transition (in fact, for example, that is, for instance, in addition, in other words, on the other hand, even so).

      Terrorism in the United States has become a recent concern; in fact, the concern for America’s safety has led to an awareness of global terrorism.

      Use a semicolon to join elements of a series when individual items of the series already include commas.

      Recent sites of the Olympic Games include Athens, Greece; Salt Lake City, Utah; Sydney, Australia; Nagano, Japan.

      For more information on semicolons, please see the “90-Second Semicolon” vidcast series on the Purdue OWL YouTube Channel.

      Colon

      Use a colon to join two independent clauses when you wish to emphasize the second clause.

      Road construction in Dallas has hindered travel around town: parts of Main, Fifth, and West Street are closed during the construction.

      Use a colon after an independent clause when it is followed by a list, a quotation, an appositive, or other ideas directly related to the independent clause.

      Julie went to the store for some groceries: milk, bread, coffee, and cheese.

      In his Gettysburg Address, Abraham Lincoln urges Americans to rededicate themselves to the unfinished work of the deceased soldiers: “It is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth. “

      I know the perfect job for her: a politician.

      Use a colon at the end of a business letter greeting.

      To Whom It May Concern:

      Use a colon to separate the hour and minute(s) in a time notation.

      12:00 p.m.

      Use a colon to separate the chapter and verse in a Biblical reference.

      Matthew 1:6

      Parenthesis

      Parentheses are used to emphasize content. They place more emphasis on the enclosed content than commas. Use parentheses to set off nonessential material, such as dates, clarifying information, or sources, from a sentence.

      Muhammed Ali (1942-2016), arguably the greatest athlete of all time, claimed he would “float like a butterfly, sting like a bee.”

      Dash

      Dashes are used to set off or emphasize the content enclosed within dashes or the content that follows a dash. Dashes place more emphasis on this content than parentheses.

      Perhaps one reason why the term has been so problematic—so resistant to definition, and yet so transitory in those definitions—is because of its multitude of applications.

      In terms of public legitimacy—that is, in terms of garnering support from state legislators, parents, donors, and university administrators—English departments are primarily places where advanced literacy is taught.

      The U.S.S. Constitution became known as “Old Ironsides” during the War of 1812—during which the cannonballs fired from the British H.M.S. Guerriere merely bounced off the sides of the Constitution.

      To some of you, my proposals may seem radical—even revolutionary.

      Use a dash to set off an appositive phrase that already includes commas. An appositive is a word that adds explanatory or clarifying information to the noun that precedes it.

      The cousins—Tina, Todd, and Sam—arrived at the party together.

      Quotation Marks

      Use quotation marks to enclose direct quotations. Note that commas and periods are placed inside the closing quotation mark, and colons and semicolons are placed outside. The placement of question and exclamation marks depends on the situation.

      He asked, “When will you be arriving?” I answered, “Sometime after 6:30.”

      Use quotation marks to indicate the novel, ironic, or reserved use of a word.

      History is stained with blood spilled in the name of “justice.”

      Use quotation marks around the titles of short poems, song titles, short stories, magazine or newspaper articles, essays, speeches, chapter titles, short films, and episodes of television or radio shows.

      “Self-Reliance,” by Ralph Waldo Emerson

      “Just Like a Woman,” by Bob Dylan

      “The Smelly Car,” an episode of Seinfeld

      Do not use quotation marks in indirect or block quotations.

      Italics

      Underlining and italics are often used interchangeably. Before word-processing programs were widely available, writers would underline certain words to indicate to publishers to italicize whatever was underlined. Although the general trend has been moving toward italicizing instead of underlining, you should remain consistent with your choice throughout your paper. To be safe, you could check with your teacher to find out which he/she prefers. Italicize the titles of magazines, books, newspapers, academic journals, films, television shows, long poems, plays of three or more acts, operas, musical albums, works of art, websites, and individual trains, planes, or ships.

      Time

      Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare

      The Metamorphosis of Narcissus by Salvador Dali

      Amazon.com

      Titanic

      Italicize foreign words.

      Semper fi, the motto of the U.S. Marine Corps, means “always faithful.”

      Italicize a word or phrase to add emphasis.

      The truth is of utmost concern!

      Italicize a word when referring to that word.

      The word justice is often misunderstood and therefore misused.

      Punctuation Marks and How to Use Them: Full Writing Guide

      There are three principles which can lead you to success in writing — style, meaning, and grammar. Clarity and precision are things that always impress those who read and evaluate your texts, and demonstrate your educational and personal qualities. Grammar and punctuation are vital not only for your academic success, but also when you text a date you want to impress, correspond for a job interview, chat with your colleagues, and so on.

      There are 14 punctuation marks used in English grammar. You probably know most of them, but it does not hurt to repeat them. They are the period, question mark, exclamation point, comma, semicolon, colon, dash, hyphen, parentheses, brackets, braces, apostrophe, quotation marks, and ellipsis. If you use them correctly, your writing will be much easier and appealing to read.

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      Of course, there are certain differences between punctuation in British and American English. They are not major, but they are still important. For example, in American English, such popular abbreviations like Mr., Ms., and Mrs. have periods. In British however, no periods are used. When writing the time, British English employs periods—where noon would be 12.00. In the same case, the American system uses colons (12:00). The names of the punctuation marks can also be different. Look at the table before we move on to find out how to use them. Let’s go deeper with our custom essay service.

      	British English	American English
      The ” . ” symbol is called	a full stop	a period
      The ” ! ” symbol is called	an exclamation mark	an exclamation point
      The ” ( ) ” symbols are called	brackets	parentheses
      The ” [ ] ” symbols are called	square brackets	brackets
      The position of quotation marks	Joy means “happiness”.	Joy means “happiness.”
      The punctuation for abbreviations	Dr, Mr, Mrs, St, Rd, Ct	Dr., Mr., Mrs., St., Rd., Ct.

      Sentence Endings: The Period, Question Mark and Exclamation Point

      Let’s begin with sentence endings. Sentences are an integral part of any text or message. You can end a sentence with the period, question mark, or exclamation point. The period (.) is usually used to end simple declarative sentences. In most cases, they complete statements that do not carry any special emotional meaning and do not infer a question.

      Examples: Mary and Tom got married in 2020.
      He loves playing baseball.

      A question mark (?) usually indicates a direct question and is also placed at the end of a sentence.

      Examples: When did Mary and Tom marry?
      Does he love playing baseball?

      The exclamation point (!) is used to showcase an emotion or to add special emphasis.

      Examples: Wow, Mary and Tom are getting married!
      He loves playing baseball so much!

      Comma, Semicolon, and Colon

      Inside a sentence, there are also plenty of punctuation marks to be used. The most common ones are the comma, semicolon, and colon. They all indicate a pause in the sentence, so they are often misused among each other. Here is how to know when to use each of the symbols:

      The comma is used to separate logical parts of a sentence. It includes ideas or elements that are inside the structure of a sentence. A comma can also be used to separate repetitive parts of a sentence, such as numbers, dates, or objects that are similar to each other. A comma is also used after a greeting and the end of a letter, before and after mentioning someone’s name.

      Examples:
      To separate logical parts of a sentence: When he came home, the sun was shining.
      To separate repetitive parts: I love movies such as “Pretty Woman”, “When Harry met Sally”, and “You’ve got mail”.
      To indicate a salutation: Thanks for all your help, Mark.

      The semicolon (;) is usually used when connecting independent clauses. How will you know when to use commas or semicolons? A semicolon connects extra independent parts of a sentence. If you put a period between them, the sentence will still work. This will not be the case with a comma, where clauses depend on each other.

      Examples: Sylvia was happy; she knew that he would fall in love with her pretty soon.
      As you can see, these two sentences can be easily separated.

      A colon (:) can be used in three cases.

      1. When you introduce a quotation, an explanation, an example, or a series.

      Example: It was up to her to take the following actions: graduate, find a job, and become a partner at her law firm.

      2. You can put a colon between independent clauses. It’s like the case with a semicolon, but here the second part of the sentence explains the first.

      Example: I didn’t want to go to Brazil: I already had plans to go to Italy with my husband.

      3. The colon can also be used for emphasis when you want to single out one particular part of your sentence:

      Example: She was sure of one thing: her friends.

      Time, ratio, business correspondence and references — these are other cases where a colon can be used.

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      Dash and Hyphen

      The dash and hyphen are also quite common punctuation marks. Although they look similar, they are very different.

      A dash is used to separate words into statements, and also to indicate range or connections.

      Example: She said explicitly — Yes!

      A hyphen is used to join two or more words together into a single concept. This way we get a compound term.

      Examples: She is a well-known doctor working part-time.
      I went on a Rome-Paris flight.

      Brackets, Braces, and Parentheses

      Symbols like brackets, braces, and parentheses are used to include words that are a further explanation of the following part of a sentence or are considered a group. Brackets ([ ]) are notations which are mostly used for technical explanations, or to clarify meaning. The important part about brackets is that if you remove the information in the brackets, the sentence will still make sense.

      Example: He [John] was the first one to graduate in the family.

      Braces ({ }) look similar but they are mostly used in Math and computer programming to show units.

      Example: 2{1+[23-3]}=x.

      Parentheses ( ( ) ) are curved notations which are used to showcase thoughts or qualifying remarks. An important point about parentheses is that they can be replaced by commas without changing the meaning—in most cases.

      Example: Mary Stuart (whose maiden name was Lockhart) went to buy a bottle of milk.

      If you need a physic helper, or have troubles with maths, leave us a notice ‘do my math homework for me’.

      Apostrophe and Ellipsis

      The final and less used three punctuation forms are the apostrophe, quotation marks, and ellipsis. An apostrophe (‘) is mostly used when: there is an omission of a letter or letters from a word, in the possessive case, or for plurals of lowercase letters.

      Examples:
      Omission of letters: I’ve wanted to do it for a long time.
      Possessive case: Kate’s dog is a Golden retriever.
      Plural for lowercase letters:There are 3 p’s in the word “hippopotamus”.

      ‍The ellipsis includes three periods (…) and is used in writing or printing to indicate an omission or pause in the thoughts of the writer. Ellipses are also useful for omitting unnecessary words that do not interfere with the meaning of the overall sentence.

      Examples: I do not know about that…
      She was counting — one, two, three…

      Quotation Marks

      Quotation marks (” “) are primarily used to quote the words of another person.

      Example: “Everything happens for a reason,” she said.

      There are several instances in which you can use quotation marks. You can use them with direct quotes to quote someone’s message, with titles of certain works, to show other meanings from what was said literally, and to write words as words.

      Quotation marks are usually used for a direct quote. When you change the sentence into the indirect quote, the quotation marks become unnecessary.

      Examples:
      Direct quote: “I like the snow,” said Alice.
      Indirect quote: Alice said that she liked the snow.

      So the important rule to remember is: “Quotation marks are used only with direct quotes”. You can quote not only a person, but also a written source.

      There are two forms of direct quotations: run-in and block quotations. What are they and what is their difference? Run-in quotations are usually shorter. Their format is the same as the surrounding text. Block quotes are longer quotes that are separated from the surrounding text. Block quotations can even appear as a separate paragraph (or a series of paragraphs). They can also have a different font, a change in the line spacing, or have a wider margin.

      Examples: The Father said, “Prospects for growth are really good. “
      In “American History,” the writer supposes,
      From the revolutionary war… (3)

      So, the main rules about quotation marks are that if you open them, you need to close them as well. Where the quote starts and where it ends should be clear. Sometimes, the text inside quotation marks is capitalized, in other cases, it’s not. So if you’re quoting a complete sentence, you should start the quote with a capital letter. This is the case even if you start the sentence, not the quote itself.

      Example: She used the following phrase: “My life is a miracle.”

      But, if you’re quoting a phrase or part of a sentence, you don’t have to start with a capital letter:

      Example: She considered them “rich and successful, like Hollywood stars.”

      There are also single quotation marks. They look like this – ‘good day’ – and can be used instead of parentheses for translations.

      Examples: Her ‘good day’ was Bonjourno in reality.
      He considers the word “Stars” lucky for his company.

      There are also differences in formatting quotations in America and British style. Please, see the main differences for yourself.

      Style issue	American Style	British Style
      To enclose a quotation, use…	Double quotation marks	Single quotation marks
      To enclose a quotation within a quotation, use…	Single quotation marks	Double quotation marks
      Place periods and commas…	Inside quotation marks	Outside quotation marks
      Place other punctuation (colons, semi-colons, question marks, etc.)…	Outside quotation marks*	Outside quotation marks*

      *Place other punctuation inside quotation marks when that punctuation is part of what is being quoted, such as a quoted question.

      Request Writing Help

      So these are the main rules for using punctuation and quotation marks in the English language. We hope this material was useful to you. If you want to order an academic paper where you do not have to worry about all the punctuation and grammar rules, we invite you to use EssayPro. By getting a paper from a professional writer on any topic, you are sure to get a good grade. We process all “do my math homework” requests fast.

      Find Your Writer

      Punctuation – English Grammar Today

      Grammar > Using English > Writing > Punctuation

      The most common punctuation marks in English are: capital letters and full stops, question marks, commas, colons and semi-colons, exclamation marks and quotation marks.

      In speaking, we use pauses and the pitch of the voice to make what we say clear. Punctuation plays a similar role in writing, making it easier to read.

      Punctuation consists of both rules and conventions. There are rules of punctuation that have to be followed; but there are also punctuation conventions that give writers greater choice.

      We use capital letters to mark the beginning of a sentence and we use full stops to mark the end of a sentence:

      We went to France last summer. We were really surprised that it was so easy to travel on the motorways.

      The Football World Cup takes place every four years. The next World Cup will be held in South Africa. In 2006 it was held in Germany.

      We also use capital letters at the beginning of proper nouns. Proper nouns include personal names (including titles before names), nationalities and languages, days of the week and months of the year, public holidays as well as geographical places:

      Dr David James is the consultant at Leeds City Hospital.

      They are planning a long holiday in New Zealand.

      Can she speak Japanese?

      The next meeting of the group will take place on Thursday.

      What plans do you have for Chinese New Year?

      We use capital letters for the titles of books, magazines and newspapers, plays and music:

      ‘Oliver’ is a musical based on the novel ‘Oliver Twist’ by Charles Dickens.

      The Straits Times is a daily English language newspaper in Singapore.

      They are performing Beethoven’s Sixth Symphony.

      In addition to closing sentences, we also use full stops in initials for personal names:

      G. W. Dwyer

      David A. Johnston, Accountant

      Full stops are also used after abbreviations, although this practice is becoming less common:

      Arr. (arrival)	etc. (etcetera)
      Dr. (doctor)	Prof. (professor)

      See also:

      • Noun phrases

      We use question marks to make clear that what is said is a question. When we use a question mark, we do not use a full stop:

      Why do they make so many mistakes?

      A:

      So you’re Harry’s cousin?

      B:

      Yes. That’s right.

      We use exclamation marks to indicate an exclamative clause or expression in informal writing. When we want to emphasise something in informal writing, we sometimes use more than one exclamation mark:

      Listen!

      Oh no!!! Please don’t ask me to phone her. She’ll talk for hours!!!

      See also:

      • Exclamative clauses

      We use commas to separate a list of similar words or phrases:

      It’s important to write in clear, simple, accurate words.

      They were more friendly, more talkative, more open than last time we met them.

      We do not normally use a comma before and at the end of a list of single words:

      They travelled through Bulgaria, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Poland.

      American English does use a comma in lists before and:

      We took bread, cheese, and fruit with us.

      We use commas to separate words or phrases that mark where the voice would pause slightly:

      I can’t tell you now. However, all will be revealed tomorrow at midday.

      We had, in fact, lost all of our money.

      James, our guide, will accompany you on the boat across to the island.

      When main clauses are separated by and, or, but, we don’t normally use a comma if the clauses have the same subject. However, we sometimes use commas if the clauses have different subjects:

      They were very friendly and invited us to their villa in Portugal. (same subject)

      Footballers these days earn more money but they are fitter and play many more matches. (same subject)

      It was an expensive hotel in the centre of Stockholm, but we decided it was worth the money. (different subjects)

      When a subordinate clause comes before the main clause, we commonly use a comma to separate the clauses. However, we do not always do this in short sentences:

      If you get lost in the city centre, please don’t hesitate to text us or phone us.

      If you get lost just phone us.

      When we use subordinate or non-finite comment clauses to give further details or more information, we commonly use commas to separate the clauses:

      You do need to wear a darker jacket, if I may say so.

      To be honest, I thought they were very very rude.

      We use commas to mark non-defining clauses. Such clauses normally add extra, non-essential information about the noun or noun phrase:

      The ambulance, which arrived after just five minutes, took three people to the hospital immediately.

      Hong Kong, where the first ASEAN meeting was held, is a very different city now.

      The same is true for non-finite clauses:

      The storm, lasting as it did for several days, caused serious damage to villages near the coast.

      Warning:

      We don’t use commas to mark defining clauses:

      Barcelona was the Spanish city that was selected for the Olympic Games.

      Not: … the Spanish city, that was selected …

      See also:

      • Clauses

      We commonly separate tags and yes-no responses with commas:

      They are going to the party, aren’t they?

      No, thank you. I’ve already eaten too much.

      We also usually separate vocatives, discourse markers and interjections with commas:

      Open the door for them, Kayleigh, can you. Thanks. (vocative)

      Well, what do you think we should do about it? (discourse marker)

      Wow, that sounds really exciting. (interjection)

      We use commas to show that direct speech is following or has just occurred:

      He said in his opening speech, ‘Now is the time to plan for the future.’ (or He said in his opening speech: ‘Now is the time to plan for the future.’)

      When the direct speech is first, we use a comma before the closing of the quotation marks:

      ‘We don’t want to go on holiday to the same place every year,’ he said impatiently.

      See also:

      • Reported speech

      We use colons to introduce lists:

      There are three main reasons for the success of the government: economic, social and political.

      We also use colons to indicate a subtitle or to indicate a subdivision of a topic:

      Life in Provence: A Personal View

      We often use colons to introduce direct speech:

      Then he said: ‘I really cannot help you in any way.’

      We commonly use a colon between sentences when the second sentence explains or justifies the first sentence:

      Try to keep your flat clean and tidy: it will sell more easily.

      We use semi-colons instead of full stops to separate two main clauses. In such cases, the clauses are related in meaning but are separated grammatically:

      Spanish is spoken throughout South America; in Brazil the main language is Portuguese.

      Semi-colons are not commonly used in contemporary English. Full stops and commas are more common.

      Quotation marks in English are ‘…’ or “…”. In direct speech, we enclose what is said within a pair of single or double quotation marks, although single quotation marks are becoming more common. Direct speech begins with a capital letter and can be preceded by a comma or a colon:

      She said, “Where can we find a nice Indian restaurant?” (or She said: ‘Where can we find a nice Indian restaurant?’)

      We can put the reporting clause in three different positions. Note the position of commas and full stops here:

      The fitness trainer said, ‘Don’t try to do too much when you begin.’ (quotation mark after comma introducing speech and after full stop)

      ‘Don’t try to do too much when you begin,’ the fitness trainer said. (comma before closing quotation mark)

      ‘Don’t try to do too much,’ the fitness trainer said, ‘when you begin.’ (commas separating the reporting clause)

      When we use direct speech inside direct speech, we use either single quotation marks inside double quotation marks, or double quotation marks inside single quotation marks:

      “It was getting really cold,” he said, “and they were saying ‘When can we go back home?’”

      Jaya said, ‘They were getting really excited and were shouting “Come on!”’.

      We commonly use question marks inside the quotation marks unless the question is part of the reporting clause:

      ‘Why don’t they know who is responsible?’ they asked.

      So did they really say ‘We will win every match for the next three weeks’?

      We also use single quotation marks to draw attention to a word. We can use quotation marks in this way when we want to question the exact meaning of the word:

      I am very disappointed by his ‘apology’. I don’t think he meant it at all.

      NEW ‘WAR’ OVER NORTH SEA FISHING PLANS

      We sometimes use quotation marks to refer to the titles of books, newspapers, magazines, films, songs, poems, videos, CDs, etc:

      There’s a special report all about it in ‘The Daily Mail’.

      We can use italics instead of quotation marks for these citations:

      There’s a special report all about it in The Daily Mail.

      Articles or chapters within books, or titles of short stories, are normally punctuated by single quotation marks:

      The longest chapter in the book is the last one called ‘The Future of Africa’.

      Dashes are more common in informal writing. They can be used in similar ways to commas or semi-colons. Both single and multiple dashes may be used:

      Our teacher – who often gets cross when we’re late – wasn’t cross at all. No one could believe it!

      Just wanted to thank you for a lovely evening – we really enjoyed it.

      Brackets have a similar function to dashes. They often add extra, non-essential information:

      Thriplow (pronounced ‘Triplow’) is a small village in the eastern part of England.

      We use brackets around dates and page numbers in academic writing:

      Heaton (1978) gives a convincing explanation of how hurricanes are formed (pages 27–32).

      We often use forward slashes in internet addresses and to indicate and/or in academic references:

      You can find the figures you need on www.bbc.co.uk/finance

      Binks (1995/1997) has already researched this aspect of Roman history.

      In British English the date is usually given in the order day, month, year.

      We use full stops in dates. Forward slashes or dashes are also commonly used:

      Date of birth: 1.8.1985 (or 1/8/1985 or 1–8–1985)

      In American English the day and the month are in a different order so that 8 January 1985 is written as follows:

      1–8–1985 (or 1/8/1985 or 1.8.1985)

      We don’t usually punctuate weights and measures and references to numbers:

      4kg (4 kilograms)10m (10 metres) 5m dollars (5 million dollars)

      Commas are used in numbers to indicate units of thousands and millions:

      7,980 (seven thousand, nine hundred and eighty)

      11,487,562 (eleven million, four hundred and eighty-seven thousand, five hundred and sixty-two)

      We use full stops, not commas, to indicate decimal points:

      6. 5 (six point five)

      Not: 6,5

      We can punctuate times with full stops or colons:

      The shop opens at 9.30. (or 9:30)

      Spoken English:

      When we speak email and web addresses, we say each word separately. To avoid confusion, we sometimes spell out each letter of a word:

      [email protected] = Hannah dot reeves at l-i-t dot com

      miles_hotel.com/home = miles underscore hotel dot com forward slash home

      www.theplace.org = www dot theplace (all one word) dot org

      .	full stop	X.X	decimal point (2.2: two point two)
      ,	comma	*	asterisk
      ?	question mark	( )	parentheses (or round brackets)
      !	exclamation mark	[ ]	square brackets (or box brackets)
      :	colon	{ }	curly brackets
      ;	semi-colon	°	degrees (40º: forty degrees)
      “ ”	double quotation marks	%	per cent
      ‘ ’	single quotation marks	&	and (also called ‘ampersand’)
      ’	apostrophe	©	copyright
      –	hyphen	<	less than
      –	dash	>	greater than
      +	plus	@	at
      –	minus	✓	tick
      ×	multiplied by (2 × 2: two multiplied by two)	X	cross
      ÷	divided by (6 ÷ 2: six divided by two)	X_X	underscore (ann_hobbs: ann underscore hobbs)
      =	equals
      /	forward slash	\	back slash

      See also:

      • Punctuation

      • Spelling

       

      
      

      • 01

        No sooner

      • 02

        Nouns, pronouns and determiners

      • 03

        Spelling

      • 04

        Adverbs and adverb phrases: position

      • 05

        Which

      • 06

        Future: be going to (I am going to work)

      • 07

        Since

      • 08

        Word classes and phrase classes

      • 09

        Dates

      • 10

        Present perfect continuous (I have been working)

      How to Punctuate Dialogue Like a Pro

      Most readers and writers have been exposed to countless dialogue lines in print, so why does dialogue punctuation elude so many of us? 

      The answer is that well-written dialogue, like good book design, operates subliminally. The function of good dialogue punctuation is to bring clarity, flow, and tone to a sentence, by virtue of quietly looking just right and beautifully unremarkable. In this post, we’ll take you through the basic rules for how to punctuate dialogue correctly. By the end, you can be sure that your dialogue never trips over its own commas ever again.

      1. Use double quotation marks (if you’re in the US)

      In American English, direct speech is normally represented with double quotation marks: “just so.”

      In British and Commonwealth English, single quotation marks are the standard.

      ‘I say, old bean,’ the wicketkeeper said, ‘Thomas really hit us for six. Let’s pull up stumps and retire to the pavilion for tea and biscuits.’

      In this post, we’ll be looking at US standards — in particular, the widely accepted standards set by the Chicago Manual of Style. Let’s get to it!

      2. Put punctuation inside the quote marks (with some exceptions)

      Misplaced periods are the most common mistake writers make when punctuating dialogue. When completing a spoken sentence, you should always have the period inside the quote.

      “It’s time to pay the piper.”

      You might see British editors occasionally place a period (or full stop, as they say) outside the quote marks. In those cases, the period is not used for spoken dialogue but for quoting sentence fragments, or perhaps when styling the title of a short story like ‘The Gift of the Magi’.

      But what about other types of punctuation?

      The most common way to indicate speech is to write dialogue in quotation marks and attribute it to a speaker with dialogue tags, such as he said, she said or Margaret replied or chirped Hiroko. This is what we call “attribution” when you’re punctuating dialogue.

      When the speaker is attributed after the dialogue, you insert a comma inside the quotation marks.

      “Come closer so I can see you,” said the old man.

      If the speaker is attributed before the dialogue, there is a comma outside the quotation marks.

      Aleela whimpered, “I don’t want to. I’m scared.”

      If the utterance (to use a fancy linguistics term for dialogue 🤓) ends in a question mark or exclamation point, they would also be placed inside the quotation marks.

      3. Start a new paragraph every time the speaker changes 

      This is one of the most fundamental rules of organizing dialogue. To make it easier for readers to follow what’s happening, start a new paragraph every time the speaker changes, even if you’re using dialogue tags.

      “What do you think you’re doing?” asked the policeman.

      “Oh, nothing, officer. Just looking for my hat,” I replied.

      The new paragraph doesn’t always have to start with direct quotes. Whenever the focus moves from one speaker to the other, that’s when change lines. Here’s an alternative:

      “What do you think you’re doing?” asked the policeman.

      I scrambled for an answer. “Oh, nothing, officer. Just looking for my hat.”

      💡Pro tip: Imagine you’re watching the conversation play out in front of you in real life. Every time you feel like you would turn your head and look at a different character, either because they’ve started to speak, or you’re anticipating their reply, that’s when you would start a new paragraph.

      4. Indicate pauses by interrupting speech with dialogue tags

      Sometimes, writers choose to interrupt a speaker’s line with a dialogue tag before allowing them to continue. If the dialogue tag comes between sentences, cap it off with a period. After the tag, resume the quote with the next sentence (beginning with a capital letter).

      “I’m not opposed to change,” said Colin. “If Uncle Simon wants to cook chicken for Thanksgiving, I really don’t care.”

      However, if the dialogue tag comes partway through a sentence, then it will be followed by a comma. There is no need to capitalize the first letter of the next quote, as you’re resuming the previous spoken sentence.

      “Whenever mother goes to Paris,” Tetsuo smirked, “she always stops at Ladurée on the Champs Elysées for a dozen macarons.”

      This kind of mid-sentence dialogue tag placement can imply a natural pause in speech, so you can use them to control pacing in your writing.

      5. Replace dialogue tags with action beats for variety

      The primary purpose of a dialogue tag is to let readers know who is speaking. Sometimes, this can be achieved without using a traditional “he said”/”she said” tag at all. Instead, you can break up a line of dialogue with an action beat, which is just a short description of what the speaker is doing while talking. In these cases, the punctuation inside the quotation marks should follow conventional rules.

      6. Don’t use end quotes between paragraphs of speech

      In all the examples above, each character has said fewer than 10 or 20 words at a time. But if a character speaks more than a few sentences at a time, to deliver a speech for example, you can split their speech into multiple paragraphs. To do this:

      • Start each subsequent paragraph with an opening quotation mark; and
      • ONLY use a closing quotation mark on the final paragraph.

      For example:

      “Would you like to hear my plan?” the professor said, lighting his oak pipe with a match. “The first stage involves undermining the dean’s credibility: a small student protesst here, a little harassment rumor there. It all starts to add up.

      “Stage two involves the board of trustees, with whom I’ve been ingratiating myself for the past two semesters.”

      Notice how the first paragraph doesn’t end with an end quote? This is to indicate that the same person is speaking in the next paragraph. That said, to avoid having pages and pages of uninterrupted monologue, you can always break up any extended speech with action beats.

      Want to see a great example of action beats breaking up a monologue? Check out this example from Sherlock Holmes.

      7. Use em-dashes — to interrupt speech

      When a speaking character is cut off, either by another person or a sudden event, use one or two em-dashes (alt-shift-dash on your keyboard, or option-shift-dash for Mac users) inside the quotation marks. 

      “Captain, we only have twenty seconds before—”

      A deafening explosion ripped through the ship’s hull. It was already too late. 

      Or

      “Ali, please tell me what’s going—”

      “There’s no use talking!” he barked.

      You can also overlap dialogue to show one character speaking over another.

      Mathieu put his feet up as the lecturer continued. “Current estimates indicate that a human mission will land on Mars within the next decade—”

      “Fat chance.”

      “—with colonization efforts following soon thereafter.”

      Sometimes, the writer/narrator will want to jump in with some narration in the middle of some dialogue. This might be to insert action or show a character’s reaction to what’s just been said. In this case, use the em-dash outside the quotation marks.

      “In the blink of an eye” — the detective snapped his fingers — “the burglar was gone without a trace.”

      Or

      “The president is dead” — the room fell silent — “and I’m the man who killed him.”

      8. Trail off with ellipses. . . 

      Sometimes, people won’t finish their sentences, and it’s not because they’ve been interrupted. You can indicate the speaker trailing off with ellipses (. . .) inside the quotation marks.

      Velasquez patted each of his pockets. “I swear I had my keys . . .”

      Ellipses can also suggest a small pause between two people speaking.

      Dawei was in shock. “I can’t believe . . .”

      “Yeah, me neither,” said Lan Lan.

      💡Pro tip: The Chicago Manual of Style requires a space between each period of the ellipses. Most word processors will automatically detect the dot-dot-dot and re-style them for you — but if you want to be exact, manually enter the spaces in between the three periods.

      In the course of natural speech, people will often directly quote what other people have said. If this is the case, use single quotation marks within the doubles and follow all other rules of punctuating dialogue as usual.

      But what if a character is quoting another person, who is themselves also quoting another person? In complex cases like this (which thankfully aren’t that common), you will alternate double quotation marks with single quotes.

      “I asked Gennadi if he thinks I’m getting the promotion and he said, ‘The boss pulled me aside and asked, “Is Sergei going planning to stay on next year?”’”

      The punctuation at the end is a double quote mark, followed by a single quote mark, followed by another double quote. It closes off: 1) what the boss said, 2) what Gennadi said, and 3) what Sergei, the speaker said.

      Quoting quotes within quotes can get pretty messy, so consider falling back on indirect speech. Simply relate the gist of what someone said:

      “I pressed Gennadi on my promotion. He said the boss pulled him aside and asked him if I was going to leave next year.”

      10. Use italics to indicate thoughts and internal monologue

      It’s not uncommon for readers to hear exactly what characters are thinking, especially with close third person limited and omniscient narration. There are two ways to approach this. First, with indirect dialogue:

      A crumpled ’39 Cadillac lay burning at the bottom of Runyon Canyon. Richard knew only one guy in town who drove that model: his brother.

      If you want to express the exact words a character is thinking, use italics.

      Richard spied the burning Caddy. There’s only one guy in town who owns that model, he thought. Jamie. 

      💡Pro tip: Be careful to italicize the terminal punctuation when styling internal dialogue this way.  

      Some authors will use quotation marks when writing thoughts, but the most important thing is to maintain consistency (which a copy editor or proofreader should help you with before publication).

       

      Hopefully, these guidelines have clarified a few things about punctuating dialogue. If you want to see these rules in action, you can find some great dialogue examples here.

      Signs in direct speech – “Gramota.ru” – reference and information Internet portal “Russian language”

      Signs in direct speech

      § 195. To highlight direct speech, dashes or quotation marks are used, namely:

      1. If direct speech begins with a paragraph, then a dash is placed before it, for example:

      A little girl ran and shouted:
      – Have you seen your mother?

      M. Gorky

      A little girl was running and screaming: “Did you see your mother?”

      Quotations inserted in the middle of a sentence are also enclosed in quotation marks, but they are not preceded by a colon, for example:

      Gogol rightly said that “Pushkin, as if in a lexicon, contains all the richness, flexibility and strength of our language. ”

      Belinsky

      § 196. A sentence in direct speech and indicating to whom it belongs (“author’s words”) can:

      a) precede direct speech; in this case, a colon is placed after it, and after direct speech – a punctuation mark in accordance with the nature of direct speech, for example:

      He turned away and, moving away, muttered: “But still, this is completely against the rules.”

      Lermontov

      Finally I said to her: “Do you want to go for a walk on the rampart?”

      Lermontov

      She looked and screamed: “It’s Kazbich!”

      Lermontov

      b) follow direct speech; in this case, after direct speech, a question mark, or an exclamation point, or an ellipsis, or a comma (the last instead of a dot) is placed, and after this sign is a dash, for example:

      “What about Kazbich?” I asked the staff captain impatiently.

      Lermontov

      or:

      – And what about Kazbich? I asked the staff captain impatiently.

      “How boring!” I exclaimed involuntarily.

      Lermontov

      or:

      – How boring! I exclaimed involuntarily.

      “She’s dead…” Aksinya echoed back.

      Sholokhov

      or:

      – Died… – Aksinya echoed back.

      “There is the district ataman,” Pantelei Prokofievich whispered, pushing Grigory from behind.

      Sholokhov

      or:

      “There is the district ataman,” whispered Pantelei Prokofievich, pushing Grigory from behind.

      c) break direct speech into two parts; in this case put:

      before the words of the author, a question mark, or an exclamation mark, or an ellipsis in accordance with the nature of the first part of direct speech, or a comma (if none of the indicated characters is required), and after them – a dash;

      after the words of the author – a dot, if the first part of direct speech is a complete sentence, and a comma – if unfinished, then put a dash; if at the same time direct speech is highlighted with quotation marks, then they are placed only before the beginning of direct speech and at the very end of it, for example:

      – Would you like some more rum? I said to my interlocutor. – I have a white man from Tiflis; it’s cold now.

      Lermontov

      – Well, full, full! said Pechorin, embracing him in a friendly way. Am I not the same?

      Lermontov

      “Listen to me…” said Nadia, “someday until the end.

      Chekhov

      – My name is Foma, – he answered, – and nicknamed Biryuk.

      Turgenev

      “It’s going to rain,” Kalinich objected, “the ducks are splashing over there, and the grass smells sickly.”

      Turgenev

      Note 1. If the words of the author contain two verbs with the meaning of the statement, of which one refers to the first part of direct speech, and the other to the second, then a colon and a dash are put after the words of the author, for example:

      “Let’s go, it’s cold,” Makarov said and asked sullenly: “Why are you silent?

      M. Gorky

      Note 2. The rules set out in this paragraph also apply to sentences containing quotations indicating to whom they belong.

      Note 3. Internal monologue (“mental speech”), which has the form of direct speech, is also enclosed in quotation marks.

      § 197. If several replicas follow in a line without indicating to whom they belong, then each of them is quoted and, in addition, separated from the next one by means of a dash, for example:

      “Tell me, beauty,” I asked, “what were you doing on the roof today?” “I watched which way the wind was blowing.” – “Why do you?” “Where the wind comes from, happiness comes from there.” – “Well, did you call happiness with a song?” “Where one sings, one is happy there.”

      Lermontov

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      Use the Paragraph palette (Window > Text > Paragraph) to change column and paragraph formatting. When text is selected or the Type tool is active, you can also use the options in the Control panel to format paragraphs.

      For a video on how to work with character and paragraph styles, see www.adobe.com/go/vid0047.

      Paragraph panel (all options shown)

      A. Justification and alignment B. Left indent C. First line left indent D. Lead before paragraph E. Hyphenation F. Right indent after lead G.

      A. Font B. Font style C. Font size D. Left alignment E. Center alignment F. Right alignment

      By default, only the most commonly used options are visible in the Paragraph panel. To display all options, choose Show Options from the panel menu. You can also click the double triangle on the palette tab to cycle from one display size to another.

      Text in the area and text on the path can be aligned to one or both edges of the text outline.

      1. Select a text object or position the cursor on the paragraph to be changed.

         If no text object is selected or the cursor is not positioned on a paragraph, alignment will be applied to the new text.

      2. In the Control panel or Paragraph panel, click the alignment button.

      Justification is the alignment of text on both edges. Justification can be applied to all text in a paragraph, including or excluding the last line.

      1. Select a text object or place the cursor on a paragraph to justify.

         If no text object is selected or the cursor is not positioned on a paragraph, justification will be applied to the new text.

      2. In the Paragraph panel, click the justify button.

      Adobe applications let you fine-tune word and letter spacing and character scaling. Adjusting spacing is especially useful for justified text, although it can be adjusted for unaligned text as well.

      1. Place the cursor on the paragraph you want to change, or select the text object or frame in which you want to change all the paragraphs.

      2. Choose Justification from the Paragraph panel menu.

      3. Set the values ​​for Word Spacing, Letter Spacing, and Glyph Scale. The Minimum and Maximum values ​​determine the allowable spacing range for justified paragraphs only. The Desired value is defined for both justified and unjustified paragraphs.

         Word spacing

         The spacing between words that appears when pressing the Space key. Word spacing values ​​can range from 0% to 1000%. A value of 100% adds no extra spacing between words.

         Letter spacing

         Letter spacing including kerning and tracking values. Letter spacing values ​​can range from -100% to 500%. A value of 0% adds no extra spacing between letters, while a value of 100% adds a spacing equal to a regular space.

         Glyph Scale

         Character width ( glyph is any font character). Glyph spacing values ​​can vary from 50% to 200%.

         Tip . Spacing options always apply to the entire paragraph. To adjust spacing for a few characters instead of the entire paragraph, use the Tracking option.

      4. Select Single Word Justification (Illustrator) or Single Word Justification (InDesign) to specify how to align single-word paragraphs.

         Narrow columns may contain a string containing only one word. If a paragraph is set to full justification, a single word per line may be too long. Instead of leaving these words completely off, you can align them to the center, right, or left.

      The padding is the space between the text and the border of the text object. Indents only affect selected paragraphs, so you can easily set different indents for different paragraphs.

      Indents can be set using the Tabs, Paragraph, and Control panels. When working with text, you can also indent using tab stops or change the indentation for a text object.

      When working with Japanese text, you can use the mojikumi option instead of using the Paragraph panel to set the first line indent. If the first line indent is set in the Paragraph panel and the first line indent is set to mojikumi, the total indent is the sum of the two values.

      Set indents in the Paragraph panel

      1. Select the Type tool and click the paragraph you want to indent.

      2. Set the indentation values ​​in the Paragraph panel. For example, do one of the following:

         • To set the indent to 1 pix for the entire paragraph, type 1p in the Left Indent box.

         • To set a 1-pick indent for the first line of a paragraph, enter 1p in the First Line Left Indent field.

         • To create a 1-pick hanging indent, enter a positive value (for example, 1p ) in the Left Indent box and a negative value (for example, 1p ) in the First Line Left Indent box.

      Set indent using the Tabs panel

      1. Select the Type tool and click the paragraph you want to indent.

      2. In the Tabs panel, do one of the following for indentation markers:

         • To indent the first line of text, drag the top handle. To indent all text except the first line, drag the bottom marker. To move both bullets and set the indent for the entire paragraph, Ctrl-drag (on Windows) or Command-drag (on Mac OS) the bottom bullet.

         Text with an indent for the first line of a paragraph (left) and without it (right)

         • To indent the first line of text, select the top marker and enter an X indent value. To move the entire paragraph except for the first line, select the bottom marker and enter a value in the X field.

      Creating a hanging indent

      Creating a hanging indent indents all lines of a paragraph except the first. Hanging indents are especially useful when you want to add a graphic to the beginning of a paragraph or want to create a bulleted list.

      Text without indent (left) and hanging indent (right)

      1. Select the Type tool and click the paragraph you want to indent.

      2. In the Control panel or Tabs panel, set the left indent to a positive value.

      3. To set a negative indent value for the first line of a paragraph, do one of the following:

      1. Position the cursor in the paragraph you want to change, or select a text object to change all of its paragraphs. If the cursor is not in a paragraph and no text object is selected, the setting will be applied to the new text.

      2. In the Paragraph panel, set values ​​in the Padding Before Paragraph ( or ) and Padding After Paragraph ( or ) boxes.

         In the first paragraph of a column, an extra space before the paragraph is not added. In this case, you can increase the leading of the first line of the paragraph or change the indent for the text object.

      Hanging punctuation smooths the edges of text by wrapping punctuation characters outside paragraph margins.

      A paragraph without hanging punctuation (left) and a paragraph with hanging punctuation (right)

      Illustrator has the following options for hanging punctuation.

      Hanging punctuation

      Controls the alignment of punctuation characters for the selected paragraph. When Hanging Punctuation is enabled, the following characters are 100% outside the margins: single quotes, double quotes, hyphens, periods, and commas; the following characters are 50% outside the margins: asterisks, tildes, ellipsis, en dashes, em dashes, colons, semicolons. To apply this option, position the cursor in a paragraph and choose Hanging Punctuation from the Paragraph panel menu.

      Visual alignment of margins

      Controls the alignment of punctuation for all paragraphs in a text object. When “Visual Margin Alignment” is enabled, Latin punctuation characters, as well as the edges of letters (such as W and A), protrude beyond the text margins to make the text look even. To apply this option, select the text object and choose Type > Visual Margin Alignment.

      Burasagari

      Controls the alignment of double-byte punctuation characters (in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean fonts). These punctuation characters are not affected by the Hanging Punctuation and Visual Margin Alignment options.

      Remember that the size of the margins that hanging punctuation extends is determined by the alignment of the paragraph. For left-aligned and right-aligned paragraphs, punctuation marks hang from the left and right, respectively. For top-aligned and bottom-aligned paragraphs, punctuation hangs at the top and bottom, respectively. For paragraphs that are centered and justified, punctuation marks hang on both sides.

      Note . If a punctuation character is followed by quotation marks, both characters will be trailing.

    • Changing the margin around a text area

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      At the beginning of a set, each line is a separate paragraph. In the paragraph type, each paragraph can span multiple lines, depending on the size of the bounding box.

      To set formatting options for one or more paragraphs (or for all paragraphs in a layer), you can select them and use the Paragraph panel.

      1. Select the Horizontal Type Tool or the Vertical Type Tool .

         • To format one paragraph, click it.
         • To format multiple paragraphs, select a range of paragraphs.
         • To format all the paragraphs in a layer, select the text layer in the Layers panel.

      The Paragraph panel is used to format paragraphs and columns. To display the panel, choose Window > Paragraph menu, or click the Paragraph panel shortcut if it is visible but not active. You can also select the Type tool and click the Panel button in the options bar.

      You can use the up and down arrows to set numeric values ​​in the Paragraph panel, or you can enter a value directly in the text box. After changing the value directly, press the Enter key (Return) to save the value, Shift + Enter (Shift + Return) to save and select it, or Tab to save the value and move to the next panel field.

      Paragraph panel

      A. Leveling and alignment B. Left indent C. First line left indent D. Break before paragraph E. Hyphenation F. Right indent G. Break after paragraph

      Additional commands and options can be accessed from the Paragraph panel menu. To access this menu, click the triangle in the upper right corner of the panel.

      Text alignment is made to one of the edges of the paragraph (for horizontal text – left, center or right, for vertical text – up, center or down). The alignment options are only available for the paragraph type.

      1. Do one of the following.

         • Select the text layer if you want to change all the paragraphs in that layer.
         • Select only the paragraphs you want to change.

      2. In the Paragraph panel or Options Bar, click an alignment option.

         For horizontal text, these are the following options.

         Justify text to the left

         Aligns text to the left, leaving the right edge of the paragraph jagged.

         Justify text in the center

         Centers the text, leaving both paragraph edges jagged.

         Justify Text Right

         Justifies text to the right, leaving the left edge of the paragraph jagged.

         For vertical text, these are the following options.

         Justify Text Up

         Top-aligns text, leaving the bottom of the paragraph rough.

         Justify text in the center

         Centers the text, leaving the bottom and top of the paragraph jagged.

         Justify text at the bottom

         Bottom-aligns text, leaving the top of the paragraph rough.

      Text is considered off if it is aligned on both sides. You can justify all paragraph text, including the last line, or justify all paragraph text except the last line. The options you choose for paragraph justification determine the horizontal spacing within lines and the aesthetic appeal of text on the page.

      The justification options are only available for the paragraph type and determine spacing between words, letters, and glyphs. The line justification options apply only to Latin characters. They do not apply to double-byte characters in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean fonts.

      1. Do one of the following.

         • Select the text layer if you want to change all the paragraphs in that layer.
         • Select only the paragraphs you want to change.

      2. In the Paragraph panel, click a justification option.

         For horizontal text, these are the following options.

         Justify the last line to the left

         Aligns all lines except the last one, which is left justified.

         Justify the last line in the center

         Aligns all lines except the last one, which is centered.

         Justify the last line to the right

         Aligns all lines except the last one, which is right-justified.

         Complete shutdown

         Justifies all lines, including the last one, which is also justified.

         For vertical text, these are the following options.

         Justify the last line at the top

         Aligns all lines except the last one, which is top justified.

         Justify the last line in the center

         Aligns all lines except the last one, which is centered.

         Justify the last line at the bottom

         Aligns all lines except the last one, which is bottom aligned.

         Complete shutdown

         Justifies all lines, including the last one, which is also justified.

         Text justification (right, left, center and full) along the path is performed from the insertion cursor to the end of the path.

      You can fine-tune the spacing between words and letters and change the size of characters. Adjusting spacing is especially useful for off-width text, although it is also possible for unjustified text.

      1. Select the paragraphs you want to change, or the entire text layer if you want to change all the paragraphs in that layer.

      2. Choose Justification from the Paragraph panel menu.

      3. Specify values ​​for Word Spacing, Letter Spacing, and Glyph Scale. The Minimum and Maximum values ​​determine the allowable spacing range for justified paragraphs only. The value of the Desired parameter is defined for both justified and unjustified paragraphs:

         Word spacing

         Word spacing resulting from space compression. Values ​​of the “Word spacing” parameter can vary from 0% to 1000%. A value of 100% adds no extra spacing between words.

         Letter spacing

         Letter spacing including kerning and tracking values. Letter spacing values ​​can range from -100% to 500%. A value of 0% adds no extra spacing between letters, while a value of 100% adds a spacing as wide as a normal space.

         Glyph Scale

         Character width ( glyph is any character in the font). Values ​​can vary from 50% to 200%. At a value of 100%, character height is not scaled.

         Spacing settings always apply to the entire paragraph. To adjust spacing for a few characters instead of the entire paragraph, use the Tracking option.

      Indent specifies the amount of space between the text and the bounding box or line on which the text is placed. Indents only affect selected paragraphs, so different paragraphs can have different indents.

      1. Do one of the following.

         • Select the text layer if you want to change all the paragraphs in that layer.
         • Select only the paragraphs you want to change.

      2. In the Paragraph panel, enter indent options.

         Left margin

         The amount of indent from the left edge of the paragraph. For vertical text, this option controls the indentation from the top of the paragraph.

         Indent from the right edge

         The amount of indentation from the right edge of the paragraph. For vertical text, this option controls the indentation from the bottom of the paragraph.

         First line indent

         Indent value of the first line of the paragraph text. For horizontal text, the indent of the first line is determined relative to the indent from the left edge, for vertical text, it is relative to the indent from the top edge. To create a hanging indent (ledge), enter a negative value.

      1. Select the paragraphs you want to change, or the entire text layer if you want to change all the paragraphs in that layer. If there is no cursor in the paragraph and no text layer selected, the setting will be applied to the new text that is created.

      2. In the Paragraph panel, adjust the values ​​for Add Indent Before Paragraph and Add Indent After Paragraph.

      Parameter Hanging punctuation controls the alignment of punctuation marks for a particular paragraph. If European Hanging Punctuation is enabled, the following characters can appear outside the margins: single and double quotes, apostrophes, commas, periods, hyphens, em and en dashes, colons, and semicolons. If a punctuation mark is followed by a closing quotation mark, both characters will be trailing characters.

      Remember that the size of the margins over which hanging punctuation can extend is determined by the alignment of the paragraph. For paragraphs turned off to the left, the punctuation symbols “hang” on the left, and for turned off to the right, they hang on the right. For paragraphs turned off at the top or bottom, punctuation marks hang at the top and bottom, respectively. For paragraphs that are centered or justified, punctuation marks hang on both sides.

      Comparison between a paragraph without hanging punctuation (left) and a paragraph with hanging punctuation (right)

      1. Do one of the following.

         • Select the text layer if you want to change all the paragraphs in that layer.
         • Select only the paragraphs you want to change.

      2. Choose European Hanging Punctuation from the Paragraph panel menu. The checkbox indicates that the option is selected.

         If you select European Hanging Punctuation, double-byte punctuation characters in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean fonts will not hang. Instead of this parameter, use either Standard Burasagari or Strict Burasagari. These options are only available if the Show Asian Text Options option is selected in the Font Options dialog box.

      The options you choose to hyphenate a paragraph affect horizontal spacing within a line and the aesthetic appeal of text on a page. The hyphenation options determine whether and how words can be hyphenated.

      1. To apply automatic hyphenation, do one of the following:

         • To enable automatic hyphenation, select the Hyphenation option in the Paragraph panel, or to disable it, deselect this option.
         • To apply hyphenation to specific paragraphs, first select them.
         • To select a dictionary to hyphenate, choose a language from the Language menu at the bottom of the Character panel.

      2. To set options, choose Hyphenation from the Paragraph panel menu and specify the following options.

         In words longer than _ letters

         Specifies the minimum number of characters in wrapping words.

         After the first _ letters and before the last _ letters

         Specifies the minimum number of characters at the beginning and end of a word that can be hyphenated. For example, if you specify a value of 3 for these parameters, then word aromatic will be carried as aromatic , but not aromatic or aromatic .

         In a row no more

         Specifies the maximum number of consecutive rows that can be wrapped.

         Hyphenation zone

         Specifies the distance from the right edge of the paragraph and limits the portion of the line in which hyphenation is not allowed. Setting the value to 0 allows hyphenation anywhere in the string. This setting only applies when using the Adobe inline linker.

         Arrangement of hyphenation in words typed in capital letters

         Clear this check box to prevent hyphenation of uppercase words.

      Wrap options apply only to Latin characters. Double-byte characters in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean fonts are not affected by these settings.

      You can prevent word breaks from appearing at the end of lines, such as in proper names or in words whose meaning changes when you add a hyphen. You can also ensure that multiple words or groups of words, such as initials and last names, are spelled inseparably.

      1. Select characters between which a break is not allowed.

      2. Choose No Break (Photoshop), No Hyphenation (Illustrator, InDesign) from the Character panel menu.

         If you apply the “No break/No hyphen” command to too many adjacent characters, the text may jump to another line without a hyphen in the middle of any word. However, if you apply the No Break/No Hyphenation command to multiple lines of text, the text will not be displayed.

      The appearance of text on a page is determined by the result of a complex interaction of processes collectively referred to as layout. Using the specified word spacing, letter spacing, glyph spacing, and hyphenation options, Adobe applications evaluate how text can be broken into lines and select the best option based on the specified options.

      You can choose from two linking methods: Adobe multi-line linker and Adobe line-by-line linker. Both methods determine all possible hyphenation options for a paragraph, and then choose the one that best matches the specified hyphenation and alignment options. The layout method only affects selected paragraphs, so you can use different layout methods for different paragraphs.

      Multiline Composer

      The Multiline Composer analyzes the number of breakpoints in a range of lines, and as a result can optimize previous lines in a paragraph to prevent future lines from breaking, which would particularly detract from the appearance of text.

      The multi-line linker relies on linking to identify possible breakpoints and assign “penalty points” to them according to the following principles.

      • For text that is right-aligned, left-aligned, or centered, lines ending closer to the right edge of the page are preferred and have the least penalty points.

      • For justified text, the most important thing is the uniformity of letter and word spacing.

      • Transfer is avoided if possible.

      inline linker

      The inline linker offers the traditional approach to linking text line by line. This option is useful when you need to manually control how text breaks into lines. The inline linker is based on the following principles when analyzing breakpoints.

      • Longer strings are preferred.

      • In justified text, it is preferable to use decreasing or increasing word spacing instead of hyphenation.

      • In unaligned text, it is preferable to use hyphens instead of increasing or decreasing letter spacing.

      • If spacing adjustment is required, compression is preferred over expansion.

        You can select a layout method from the Paragraph panel menu. To apply a particular method to all paragraphs, first select the text object. To apply the method to the current paragraph only, place the cursor in the required paragraph.

      A paragraph style includes both character and paragraph formatting attributes and can be applied to one or more paragraphs. You can create paragraph styles and then apply them later.

      Select Window > Paragraph Styles to open the Paragraph Styles palette. By default, every newly created document contains the “Main Paragraph” style, which is automatically applied to the text you enter. This style can be changed, but not renamed or deleted. Styles created by the user can be renamed and deleted. You can also select a different style as the default text style.

      • To apply a paragraph style, select the text or text layer and click the paragraph style.

      Font styles are hierarchical: Manual settings override any applied character styles, which in turn override applied paragraph styles. This hierarchical approach combines the efficiency of styling with the flexibility to customize projects.

      Watch video review by Julieanne Kost Paragraph and character styles in Photoshop CS6.

      (Creative Cloud only) You can specify character and paragraph styles as default type styles. For more information, see Defining Type Default Styles | Creative Cloud only.

      Create a paragraph style
      

      1. To create a new style based on the formatting of existing text, select the text or place an insertion point in it.
      2. Choose the New Paragraph Style command from the Paragraph Styles panel menu.

      Note . To create a style without selecting text, click the Create New Style icon at the bottom of the Paragraph Styles panel. To change the style without applying it to text, select an image layer, such as Background.

      Edit paragraph style
      

      Double-click existing styles to edit them and update all related text in the active document. If you change the formatting of a style, the text to which it was applied will be updated to reflect the new format.

      To change the style of a paragraph, do the following.

      1. Double-click a style in the Paragraph Style panel.
      2. To specify formatting attributes, select a category on the left (for example, Basic Character Formats) and specify the attributes you want to add to the style.

      3. To create a new color when you set the Character Color option in the Character Style Options dialog box, double-click the fill or stroke box.

      Account management

      § 52. Paragraphs in direct speech. Reference book on the Russian language. Punctuation

      § 52. Paragraphs in direct speech

      1. If at first there is a text from the author (introductory part, description, etc.), and then a sentence introducing direct speech, then it usually begins with a paragraph:

      He grabbed the pole, ordered Dina to hold and useful Twice it broke off – the block interfered. Kostylin supported him, – he somehow got upstairs. Dina pulls his shirt with her little hands, with all her might, laughs herself.

      Zhilin took the pole and said:

      – Take it to the place, Dina, otherwise they will miss you, – they will beat you (L.T.).

      But if the sentence introducing direct speech begins with the joining union and, but , etc., then it is not allocated in a separate paragraph:

      They talked some more and began to argue something. And asked Pahom what they were arguing about. And the translator said:

      – Some say that you need to ask the foreman about the land, but without him it is impossible. And others say, and without it you can (L.T.).

      2. “The text of the author, not related to the speaking person, coming after the author’s words following direct speech, is allocated in a new paragraph :

      — Well, I’m very glad,” said the wife, “so now you, look, take your medicine carefully. Give me the prescription, I’ll send Gerasim to the pharmacy. And she went to get dressed.

      He didn’t take a breath while she was in the room and sighed heavily when she left (L.T.).

      But if the text from the author is syntactically linked to a sentence that introduces direct speech (connective or joining union), then it is not highlighted in a new paragraph:

      – When? many exclaimed. And meanwhile their eyes were fixed incredulously on the hunchback, who, after a moment’s silence, got up, saddled his horse, put on his horn, and rode out of the yard (L.).

      3. The text of the author, not related to the speaker and immediately following direct speech, begins from paragraph :

      – I am sure, – I continued, – that the princess is already in love with you. He blushed to the ears and pouted (L.).

      4. If there is text from the author between two replicas of the same speaker, then neither this text nor the subsequent direct speech is usually separated into separate paragraphs:

      – , replied the master. He thought for a while and added: — We’ll have to do everything again.

      But if the text from the author describes the action of the speaker, then both the author’s text and the subsequent direct speech are separated into paragraphs:

      — This formula can also have a different form,” the professor explained. He slowly walked up to the blackboard, took the chalk and wrote something new for us.

      “This is the other option,” he said.

      In poetic texts there are also cases when direct speech, interrupted by the author’s words (remark), is a continuation of the previous one or when his action is described between two replicas of the same person: in the first case dash is placed on the right, at the end of the line, in the second – on the left, at the beginning of the line (like a paragraph): You demand a lot, Emilia! — (Silence.) Who would have thought that such a fool, Such an insensitive. .. boring nature!

      (Throws cards in his face. The prince is so amazed that he does not know what to do.) – Now we are even (L.).

      In verses, after a direct speech ending before a space, a dash is not put.

      5. If a dialogue that took place earlier is given in direct speech, it can be arranged either in the form of paragraphs or in selection, but the punctuation changes depending on whether the listener interrupts the narrator or not. If he interrupts, then the conversation that took place earlier is given with paragraphs and in quotation marks, so that the phrases of the narrator and the listener do not mix with the dialogue given by the narrator. For example:

      … The traveler began his story:

      – It was in the midst of our campaign. The conductor came up to me and said:

      “We’ll have to stay for a while.” “Why? Something happened?”

      — Did anything really happen? one of those who listened to the traveler could not stand it.

      – I’ll tell you now.

      Another option: the words of the earlier dialogue are given in the selection to the words and says, between the phrases enclosed in quotes, put dashes:

      … The traveler began his story:

      – It was in the midst of our campaign. The conductor came up to me and said: “We’ll have to linger for a while.” – “Why? Something happened?”

      — Did anything really happen? one of those who listened to the traveler could not stand it.

      – I’ll tell you now.

      If the listener does not interrupt the narrator, then the dialogue given in the story can also be arranged in two ways: either through dash from paragraphs, or in the selection, and in this case the replicas are enclosed in quotation marks and separated by a dash . Compare:

      a) . .. The traveler began his story:

      – It was at the very height of our campaign. The guide came up to me and said:

      – I’ll have to stay for a while.

      – Why? Something happened?

      — There was a collapse in the mountains.

      – Any adverse effects?

      – I’ll find out the details. But it is already known that there are victims. The audience listened attentively to the traveler’s story.

      b) … The traveler began his story:

      – This was in the midst of our trip. The conductor came up to me and said: “We’ll have to linger for a while.” – “Why? Something happened?” “There was a collapse in the mountains.” “Are there any unpleasant consequences?” “I’ll get the details. But it is already known that there are victims.”

      The audience listened attentively to the traveler’s story.

      If the dialogue given in the replica is accompanied by the author’s words, then it is given in selection and is marked with quotation marks:

      Balzaminov. … They look and smile, and I imagine myself in love. Only once did we meet with Lukyan Lukyanych (I didn’t know him then), and he says: “Who are you following here?” I say “I’m with the older one.” And he said so at random… (Sharp)

      6. If direct speech, conveying unspoken thoughts, is given after the author’s words, then it does not stand out from the paragraph:

      Everything went smoothly. Suddenly, he caught himself and thought: “ Isn’t there some trick here? »

      But if the author’s words are in the middle or at the end of such direct speech, then it is given from the paragraph; compare:

      a) Everything went smoothly.

      “Isn’t there,” he thought, “some trick?”

      b) Everything went smoothly.

      “Isn’t there some kind of trick here?” he thought.

      7. If a long story with many paragraphs is transmitted, then a dash is placed only before the first paragraph (neither before the intermediate paragraphs, nor before the last dash is put):

      – The work of our expedition went like this, – began his story geologist. – B a detailed plan was developed, routes were outlined. [Continues the story.]

      These are the preliminary results of the expedition.

      Straight grip

      Direct grip
      The straight grip is mainly intended for hard, penetrating punches. It is most preferred for serious work. The hand tightly wraps around the handle, while the blade points upwards, located between the thumb and forefinger. thumb is

      No. 42: Paragraphs

      No. 42: Paragraphs
      Make paragraphs long or short depending on your goals. Vary the length. In one review, critic David Lipsky attacks the author for saying that in the 207-page book, “more than four hundred paragraphs in one sentence is a clear signal of the deplorable

      STRAIGHT AVENUE

      DIRECT AVENUE
      The name of this avenue in the Nevsky district, running from Matyushenko Lane beyond Ivanovskaya Street to the continuation of Krasnye Zor Boulevard, has been known since 1896 years. Initially, it was longer and reached Chesnokov Lane (almost at

      Punctuation marks for direct speech

      Punctuation marks in direct speech
      § 133. Direct speech, that is, the speech of another person, included in the author’s text and reproduced verbatim, is drawn up in two ways.1. If direct speech is in a line (in selection), then it is enclosed in quotation marks: “I regret that I did not know your father, –

      correlation of direct speech and author’s words

      the ratio of direct speech and author’s words
      direct speech before the words of the author § 134 direct speech after the words of the author § 134 the words of the author break direct speech § 135, paragraphs. 1, 2, 4, 5 the words of the author fall into two parts § 135, item 5 direct speech within the words of the author § 136 direct speech belonging to

      XXXI. Punctuation marks in direct speech

      XXXI. Punctuation marks in direct speech
      § 119. Direct speech after the author’s words
      Direct speech is highlighted with quotation marks if it goes into a line (in a selection), for example: A stunning news burst into a small town like a whirlwind: “They threw off the Tsar!” (N. Ostrovsky). If direct speech begins with

      § 121. Author’s words inside direct speech

      § 121. Author’s words inside direct speech
      If the author’s words are inside the direct speech, highlighted by quotation marks, then the latter are placed only at the beginning and at the end of the direct speech and are not placed between the direct speech and the author’s words. For example: “I came to command,” said

      XXXI. DIRECT SPEECH PUNICATION

      XXXI. PUNCTIVATION IN DIRECT SPEECH
      § 119. Direct speech after the author’s words1. Direct speech is highlighted in quotation marks if it goes into a line (in selection), for example: Remember the words of L. Tolstoy more often: “A person has only duties.” If direct speech begins with a paragraph, then

      § 121. Author’s words within direct speech

      § 121. Author’s words within direct speech
      1. If the author’s words are inside direct speech, highlighted with quotation marks, then the latter are placed only at the beginning and at the end of direct speech and are not placed between direct speech and the author’s words, for example: “I can read,” the first again

      SECTION 14 Direct Speech Punctuation

      SECTION 14
      Punctuation marks in direct speech
      § 47. Direct speech after the author’s words
      1. Direct speech is highlighted in quotation marks if it goes in a line (in selection): Vladimir Sergeevich … looked at his man in bewilderment and said in a hasty whisper: “Go find out who it is”

      § 49. Author’s words within direct speech

      § 49. Author’s words inside direct speech
      1. If the author’s words are inside direct speech (highlighted by quotation marks), then quotation marks are placed only at the beginning and at the end of direct speech and are not placed between direct speech and author’s words (such punctuation was found in works

      11.5. Direct Marketing

      11.5. Direct Marketing
      The direct verbal appeal of the seller to the potential buyer preceded chronologically all other forms of commercial communication. In modern conditions, this type of formation of links with target audiences is defined as

      7.

      49. Punctuation marks for direct speech

      7.49. Punctuation marks in direct speech
      Direct speech can be framed in two ways – with the help of paragraph selection of each new replica and in selection, in a line. When paragraph selection of dialogue replicas, a dash is placed before the replica; after the words of the author preceding the dialogue

      How direct speech is formed, punctuation marks in direct speech

      We tell you how to correctly place punctuation marks in sentences with direct speech, and give examples for each case.

      Any artistic text is inconceivable without direct speech. The characters communicate, ask rhetorical questions, exclaim something and strive to share their thoughts with the world. Even in a non-fiction work, we may need to correctly convey direct speech, for example, by retelling a conversation with speakers important for understanding the topic or by quoting an expert. We have already described how to write dialogues, and in this article we will look at how to correctly arrange punctuation marks in sentences with direct speech .

      Direct speech after the words of the author

      The author’s text is separated by a colon. The period is always placed after the quotation marks, all other punctuation marks are before. Design schemes for are as follows:

      A: “P”.
      A: “P?”
      A: “P!”

      Consider some examples.

      The doctor turned to me anxiously : “Jim, my boy, what happened ? »

      I showed the honorable gentlemen the map and explained : “Doctor, squire, the Admiral Benbow was attacked by pirates, they were looking for this map.” .

      Trelawney jumped up, nearly knocking over his chair, and exclaimed : “The scoundrels will still pay for their atrocities ! »
      

      Direct speech before the words of the author

      If direct speech begins a sentence, then it is separated from the author’s text by a dash. The words of the author are written with a lowercase letter. Direct speech is distinguished by quotation marks and provides for three punctuation marks at the end of the replica: a question mark, an exclamation point and a comma. The comma is placed after the closing quotes, all others are before.

      Let’s consider the schemes for the design of direct speech:

      “P” – a.
      “P?” – a.
      “P!” – a.
      

      Consider variants of direct speech in the text .

      “Jim, my boy, pass me the rifle” , – n interviewed by Dr. Livesey.
      “Where is Jim ? » – with Trelawney grabbed.
      Pirates, sir ! ” – at Joyce called out.
      

      Direct speech inside the words of the author

      After the first passage of the author’s text, a colon is placed, the second is separated by a comma or a dash. A dash is placed if the replica that has fallen into direct speech ends with an exclamation or a question.

      A: “P”, a.
      A: “P!” – a.
      A: “P?” – a.

      Let’s look at options for the design of direct speech in the text .

      The doctor shrugged, said : “ O X Already this squire” , and 9231 hid in the doors.

      Billy Bones looked thoughtfully after the blind man, then turned to me, shouted rudely : “Boy, bring me some rum ! “- and resolutely jumped out of the room.
      

      The words of the author inside the direct speech

      If the entire direct speech is one sentence, then a comma is placed at the end of the first part of the replica, and the second begins with a lowercase letter.
      

      “You know, Jim,” Livesey said thoughtfully, “there’s a thought that’s bothering me.”
      

      The author’s text may be inside the replica, in which case the author’s words are separated from direct speech by a dash. A replica can consist of either one sentence or several. In the first case, a comma is placed at the break point, and the second passage begins with a lowercase letter. In the second, a comma is still kept at the break point, but after the author’s text, a period should already be put, and the second passage starts with a capital.

      “Gentlemen, great news,” said Dr. Livesey with a 32-tooth smile. “Pirates are heading here!”

      “Wake up everyone! Trelawney shouted in a heart-rending voice. “Pirates are coming!”
      “Where is Jim? Livesey asked in a sleepy voice. “He will miss all the fun like that.”
      

      The second part may also consist of several sentences. Closing quotes must be at the end of the last one.
      

      “I rented a schooner, found us a great cook and hired the rest of the crew,” Trelawny said with a pleased air. “Gentlemen, you just have no idea!” Everyone, literally everyone, having learned that we are going for treasures, tries to help us!”
      

      Direct speech , separated by the words of the author, uses the following design schemes .

      “P, – a, – p”.
      “P! – a. – P”.
      “P? – a. – P”.
      

      Dialogue punctuation

      The previous examples are needed when you need to convey a single statement from the characters. If you need to describe a conversation between two or more people, you should use dialogue.

      In a dialogue, all replicas start with a new line, are preceded by a dash and do not require quotation marks.

      “So, Jim,” said Dr. Livesey, leaning back in his chair, “to what do we owe such an unexpected visit?

      – Gentlemen, – I said, gathering my strength, – I want to turn to you for help. The Admiral Benbow was attacked by pirates.

      — Pirates! cried Trelawney, jumping up from his chair. – Here? In England?

      “Yes,” I confirmed. “I guess they are interested in that. — I put on the table a card borrowed from Billy Bones’s chest. “I believe this map will show the way to the treasure hidden by Captain Flint himself.
      

      If the replica is preceded by the author’s speech, it is separated by a colon, and the phrase itself is written on a new line.
      

      Dr. Livesey leaned his fists on the table, looked around us intently, and said:

      “Gentlemen, I think our course of action is obvious. We must get to the island ourselves and find these treasures so that they do not fall into the hands of pirates!
      

      If the replica precedes the author’s speech, then it is separated by a dash and one of the three punctuation marks.
      

      “I need to warn my mother,” I said uncertainly.

      “I guess there won’t be any problems with that, I take you under my responsibility,” the doctor assured me and turned to Trelawney. “And what say you, squire?” he asked.

      – To Bristol, friends! Trelawney exclaimed.
      

      If the author’s speech breaks the replica, then it is separated by a comma and a dash.
      

      – Some were afraid of Pugh, others of Billy Bones, and me, – Silver looked around with a ferocious look of those present, – Flint himself was afraid of me.
      

      If the remark separates the words of the author, then it should start on a new line. The first passage of the author closes the colon, and the second remark is separated by a comma or two other punctuation marks.
      

      The door opened and a tall, stately gentleman entered.
      The man put the bag on the table and looked friendly at the pirate lying in bed.
      – Hello, hello, I’m Dr. Livesey. The doctor looked Bones carefully and wrinkled his nose.
      

      The author’s text is not required for dialogue.
      

      – Athos!
      – Porthos!
      – And Aramis!
      — Where is the Gascon?
      – Here I am!
      

      A paragraph at a direct speech

      The new paragraph should begin:
      

      Introduction to the text of the line that begin with the unions and or.

      The author’s text not related to direct speech in meaning immediately after it, with the exception of sentences beginning with the conjunctions AND or BUT.

      Authorial text denoting an action, caught between two replicas of the same speaker.

      Direct speech expressing the author’s unexpressed thoughts, if the author’s words fall at the end or middle of the thought.

      Direct speech and quotations

      Depending on the volume of the fragment used, quotations are made according to the rules of direct or indirect speech. The first applies to complete independent sentences, in the second case, you should follow the rules of indirect speech and enclose the quoted text with quotation marks. The capital letter in the first word of the fragment is not needed, as well as the colon after the author’s text.

      If you decide to omit part of the quote, then you need to put an ellipsis in place of the missing piece. If a gap falls at the beginning of a quotation, and the quoted fragment itself, in turn, begins a sentence, the first word is capitalized. Otherwise, it starts with a lowercase.

      Verses and epigraphs do not need to be quoted.
      

      Other rules for using direct speech

      Direct speech is not quoted if:
      

      It is not clear who pronounces it.
      It was said about John Silver that Flint himself is afraid of him.

      It cannot be distinguished from indirect.
      And then Jim thought: why did he get into this barrel at all?

      In the middle of direct speech, the word “says” is found, clarifying the identity of the speaker.
      I will go out, says, and I will lay down all the pirates with one left.

      We are writing a news item and inserting a link to its authorship in the middle of direct speech.
      On Skull Island, our special correspondent reports from the schooner Hispaniola, skirmishes took place between representatives of the crown and malicious pirates.

      The author does not quote the quoted fragment verbatim.
      The dimensions of Flint’s treasures, Trelawney noted, are not known to anyone in particular.

      Was this article helpful to you?

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      Government of Russia

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      Decree of the Government of the Russian FederationOrder of the Government of the Russian FederationOrder of the President of the Russian FederationDecree of the President of the Russian FederationFederal LawFederal Constitutional LawCode

      Number

      Title or body of the document

      Signing date

      September 7, Wednesday

      September 7, 2022

      Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 07.

      09.2022 No. 1571
      

      On measures to implement the decision of the Commission of the Customs Union of November 27, 2009No. 130 “On the unified customs and tariff regulation of the Eurasian Economic Union” in relation to goods used for the development of digital technologies

      September 6, Tuesday

      September 6, 2022

      Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 09/06/2022 No. 1566
      

      On approval of the criteria to be met by a Russian legal entity that is a participant in the selection process for the sale of a share in the authorized capital of Sakhalin Energy Limited Liability Company

      September 6, 2022

      Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No.

      1568 dated September 6, 2022
      

      On Amendments to the Regulations on Licensing Activities for the Conduct of Industrial Safety Expertise

      September 6, 2022

      Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 06.09.2022 No. 1567
      

      On amendments to the Regulations on conducting from June 1, 2021 to May 31, 2024 an experiment on labeling with federal special stamps of alcoholic products imported into the Russian Federation, placed under the customs procedure of a customs warehouse

      September 5, Monday

      September 5, 2022

      Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05.

      09.2022 No. 1558
      

      On amendments to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 7, 2022 No. 612

      September 5, 2022

      Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05.09.2022 No. 1559
      

      On amendments to the Rules for granting subsidies from the federal budget in the form of a property contribution of the Russian Federation to the State Development Corporation “VEB.RF” for the implementation of development projects for single-industry municipalities

      September 5, 2022

      Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05.

      09.2022 No. 1564
      

      On approval of the Rules for the provision in 2022 of another inter-budgetary transfer from the federal budget to the budget of St. Petersburg in order to reimburse the expenses of the budget of St. Petersburg incurred to organize events for holding additional matches of the UEFA European Football Championship 2020

      September 5, 2022

      Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05.09.2022 No. 1562
      

      On Amendments to the Regulations on Conducting State Ecological Expertise

      September 5, 2022

      Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 05.

      09.2022 No. 1563
      

      On Amendments to Certain Acts of the Government of the Russian Federation

      September 5, 2022

      Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05.09.2022 No. 1560
      

      On the implementation of cash payments to students of educational institutions with the special name “cadet corps”, which are under the jurisdiction of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation

      Saturday September 3

      September 3, 2022

      Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 03.

      09.2022 No. 1556
      

      On amendments to clause 6 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 26, 2005 No. 812

      September 3, 2022

      Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 03.09.2022 No. 1557
      

      On approval of the Rules for granting subsidies from the federal budget to the autonomous non-profit organization “Information and Analytical Center for Foreign Trade Activities”, Moscow, in order to financially support activities for information and consulting support for the implementation of uninterrupted foreign trade operations

      September 3, 2022

      Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 03.

      09.2022 No. 1555
      

      On approval of the Rules for the development and placement in the federal state information system “Unified portal of state and municipal services (functions)” of interactive forms of messages, appeals, applications and documents, as well as applications for electronic appointments

      September 2, Friday

      September 2, 2022

      Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 02.09.2022 No. 1554
      

      On amendments to the Basic Provisions for the Formation and State Regulation of Gas Prices, Tariffs for Gas Transportation Services, Payments for Technological Connection of Gas-Using Equipment to Gas Distribution Networks in the Russian Federation and Payments for Technological Connection to Main Gas Pipelines of Gas Pipelines Under Construction and Reconstruction Designed for Transportation gas from main gas pipelines to capital construction facilities, and gas pipelines designed to transport gas from natural gas fields to the main gas pipeline

      September 2, 2022

      Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 02.

      09.2022 No. 1551
      

      On amendments to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 10, 2022 No. 336

      September 2, 2022

      Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 02.09.2022 No. 1552
      

      On establishing the case in which goods may arrive in the Russian Federation and depart from the Russian Federation in places that are not places of movement of goods in accordance with the Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic Union

      September 2, 2022

      Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 02.

      09.2022 No. 1545
      

      On Amendments to Certain Acts of the Government of the Russian Federation

      September 2, 2022

      Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 02.09.2022 No. 1543
      

      On Amendments to the Regulations on the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation

      September 2, 2022

      Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 02.09.2022 No. 1548
      

      On approval of the Rules for the provision of other interbudgetary transfers from the federal budget, the source of financial support for which is the budgetary allocations of the reserve fund of the Government of the Russian Federation, to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in order to provide social benefits established by paragraph 1 of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated August 27, 2022 No.

      Catonsville daycare centers: THE Top 10 Daycares in Catonsville, MD | Affordable Prices

      Опубликовано: July 19, 2020 в 11:12 am

      Автор: alexxlab

      Категории: Cat

      THE Top 10 Daycares in Catonsville, MD | Affordable Prices

      Daycares in Catonsville, MD

      Description:

      Our main goal is to provide stimulating learning activities that reflect the unique needs of each child. Our extensive play and educational facility will be specifically designed with child safety and childdevelopment as the main priority….

      Description:

      It is very hard to find a nice place for kids while we are at work, i have three beautiful kids and all are healthy, kind and well behaved. i am trying to help other parents to bring their kids and feel likehome environment and at the same time they will learn, play and stay safe. I am state of Maryland license holder for family day care….

      Description:

      ~ABOUT US~
      Established in January 2000. This home daycare is run by Miss Melissa. Miss Melissa has been in the daycare industry since 1989. She is a Certified Nanny and licensed by the State of Maryland,participates in the Maryland EXCEL program and the credentialing program . Please visit MissMuffettsDaycare.yolasite.com to find out more about us.
      ~SERVICES~
      Daycare is open Monday thru Friday, from 7:30am until 5:00pm. Extra hour may be negotiated with Miss Melissa. Children between the ages of 6 weeks and 13 yrs. old are welcome to join Miss Melissa and her friends. Breakfast, lunch and and afternoon snack are provided to children who are enrolled full time. Children participate in a daily circle time where they learn the days of the week and months of the year. Each week features a color, a number and a letter for your child to explore.
      ~MY GOAL~
      My goal as a daycare provider is to help parents encourage their children to learn and become all they can be. My plan is to work with parents so your children will have a consistent and loving environment in which to grow.
      ~MY OPENINGS~
      I currently have one infant opening and 2 over 2yrs. openings….

      Description:

      Hello, I am a licensed Child Care provider in the Catonsville, MD area. Having been in the business for 14 years, I am extremely passionate about child care. I offer a fun, structured, nurturing environment. Iprovide a planned curriculum for early learners including a variety of activities to encourage motor speech and cognitive development. I absolutely love what I do and love all my children. I have received most of my children from word of mouth. I get many referrals from others and have excellent references. I have cared for many children who started at just a few months old, until they left to enter kindergarten.
      Some of the things that I focus on are:
      Alphabet/Numbers
      Colors/Shapes
      Singing
      Blocks
      Walking/Exploring
      Arts/Crafts
      Dance/Music
      I believe that children crave constant stimulation from their environment and interactions with their caretaker, so that is my daily goal. I focus on their mental and physical ability to complete various tasks. I realize every child is at a different level, I build from their weaknesses and improve their strengths.
      I have a large play area in the house with lots of toys and play structures; as well as outside in the yard.
      I believe that open and honest communication between parent and caregiver is essential in our successful partnership….

      Description:

      Lots of love, learning and fun in a safe and friendly environment. Hours of operation 6:00am To 6:00pm. Before & After school care is available for Hillcrest Elementary, Catonsville Elementary school andWestowne Elementary. Competitive fees and vouchers are accepted. Breakfast, Lunch and Snacks are served Free. Lic#151786…Children Of The Future Family Daycare profile can be found on Facebook as well!!!…

      Description:

      We have licensed family child care. Our family child care will be a place that children and parents consider their second home…a place where children will learn, care and be loved.

      Description:

      CPC Family Child Care Center is located in Catonsville, MD is an NAEYC accredited. It offers both full day and half day programs for preschool students. They also provide before/after school care and summerprograms. They aim to provide activities that will help promote your child’s physical, social, emotional and intellectual being….

      Joan’s Loving Arms

      120 Garden Ridge Road, Catonsville, MD 21228

      Starting at $35/day

      Description:

      I am an in-home daycare provider who loves children and will treat your child as one of my own. I promote a small group setting for the benefit on more one on one learning opportunities. I believe when aparent leaves his or her child with someone that the they need to believe that this is the best possible place their child can be. I have an AA in Child Development and over 20 years of experience working with children….

      Friendly Daycare

      7116 Upper Mills Circle, Catonsville, MD 21228

      Starting at $150/day

      Description:

      Apple Ridge Montessori School provides early education programs for pre-kindergarten children who are between the ages of two and a half and six years old. Serving the Catonsville, Maryland community, AppleRidge Montessori School uses the Montessori Curriculum with a strong emphasis on children’s intellectual and social development. The school operates half-day and full-day classes, and they also provide extended hours upon request….

      Mangum Daycare

      1307 Westburn Rd, Catonsville, MD 21228

      Costimate: $198/day

      Description:

      Mangum Daycare offers quality child care services and enrichment learning programs to young children. This child care organization in Catonsville, MD nurtures the necessary skills to students while promotingvalues, love, and respect. They support the holistic growth and development in a stimulating, clean, secure, and safe environment with a maximum capacity of 8 children….

      Sharon Day Care

      923 Prestwood Rd, Catonsville, MD 21228

      Costimate: $211/day

      Description:

      Sharon Day Care promotes values, love, and respect while nurturing the students from 0 to 12 years old with the necessary skills and education. This child care organization in Catonsville, MD provides thechildren with enrichment learning programs and age-appropriate curriculum while having fun. They feature a stimulating, safe, clean, and secure environment with a maximum capacity of 8 children….

      Longview Day Care

      632 Longview Dr, Catonsville, MD 21228

      Costimate: $211/day

      Description:

      Longview Day Care in Catonsville, Maryland, provides a quality, developmentally appropriate educational opportunity for children. The school serves children from infant to twelve years old that provides themwith a balance of child-initiated and teacher-initiated activities. The school’s program aims to develop the whole child and his/her physical, social, emotional and intellectual growth….

      evening child care

      14 Keen Valley Dr, Catonsville, MD 21228

      Costimate: $212/day

      Allie Care

      6441 Clifton Forge Cir, Catonsville, MD 21228

      Costimate: $212/day

      Barb’s Daycare

      2012 Oak Lodge Rd, Catonsville, MD 21228

      Costimate: $202/day

      Description:

      Emanuel’s Child Development Center is a non-profit business located in Catonsville that offers child care services and early education programs. The company is open year-round, and they typically handlechildren between the ages of 2 to 6 years old. The center uses developmentally appropriate play and activities to teach children basic concepts such as shapes, colors, and letters….

      Description:

      Open Door At Westchester in Catonsville, Maryland, is a child care establishment that utilizes the Montessori philosophy and materials in their classroom that self-correct and help the students in developingtheir five senses. This child care institution helps in promoting independence on the part of the children, enhancing their self-esteem and self-accomplishments from five to fifteen years old….

      Showing 1 – 20 of 578

      FAQs for finding daycares in Catonsville

      In 2022 what type of daycare can I find near me in Catonsville, MD?

      There are a variety of daycares in Catonsville, MD providing full time and part-time care. Some daycares are facility-based and some are in-home daycares operated out of a person’s home. They can also vary in the degree of education and curriculum they offer. Additionally, some daycares offer bilingual programs for parents that want to immerse their children in multiple languages.

      How can I find a daycare near me in Catonsville, MD?

      If you are looking for daycare options near you, start several months in advance of when you need care for your child. Care.com has 182 in Catonsville, MD as of September 2022 and you can filter daycares by distance from Catonsville or your zip code. From there, you can then compare daycare rates, parent reviews, view their specific services, see their hours of operation and contact them through the website for further information or to request an appointment.

      What questions should I ask a daycare provider before signing up?

      As you visit daycare facilities in Catonsville, MD, you should ask the providers what their hours are so you can be prepared to adjust your schedule for drop-off and pick-up. Ask what items you are responsible for bringing for your child and what items you may be required to provide that will be shared among other children or the daycare staff. Also, make sure to check directly with the business for information about their local licensing and credentials in Catonsville, MD.

      Daycare, Preschool & Child Care Centers in Catonsville, MD

      KinderCare has partnered with Catonsville families for more than 50 years to provide award-winning early education programs and high-quality childcare in Catonsville, MD.

      Whether you are looking for a preschool in Catonsville, a trusted part-time or full-time daycare provider, or educational before- or after-school programs, KinderCare offers fun and learning at an affordable price.

      1. First Foundations Learning Center

         Phone:
         (410) 786-2938

         7500 Security Blvd RM 1-23-07 So Bldg
         Baltimore
         MD
         21244

         Distance from address: 2. 84 miles

         Ages: 6 weeks to 5 years
         Open: 6:30 AM to 6:15 PM, M-F

         Tuition & Openings

      2. Marshalee Drive KinderCare

         Phone:
         (410) 796-0666

         6080 Marshalee Dr
         Elkridge
         MD
         21075

         Distance from address: 5.17 miles

         Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
         Open: 6:30 AM to 6:30 PM, M-F

         Tuition & Openings

      3. Columbia Gateway KinderCare

         Phone:
         (410) 290-0928

         7195 Columbia Gateway Dr
         Columbia
         MD
         21046

         Distance from address: 7. 31 miles

         Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
         Open: 6:30 AM to 6:30 PM, M-F

         Tuition & Openings

      4. Hickory Ridge KinderCare

         Phone:
         (410) 730-8449

         6185 Sunny Spring
         Columbia
         MD
         21044

         Distance from address: 8.88 miles

         Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
         Open: 6:30 AM to 6:30 PM, M-F

         Tuition & Openings

      5. Owings Mills KinderCare

         Phone:
         (410) 654-4882

         9725 Middle Mill Dr
         Owings Mills
         MD
         21117

         Distance from address: 9. 48 miles

         Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
         Open: 6:30 AM to 6:30 PM, M-F

         Tuition & Openings

      6. MedStar Good Samaritan Child Development Center

         Phone:
         (443) 444-2104

         5601 Loch Raven Blvd
         Baltimore
         MD
         21239

         Distance from address: 10.14 miles

         Ages: 6 weeks to 5 years
         Open: 6:30 AM to 6:00 PM, M-F

         Tuition & Openings

      7. Hanover KinderCare

         Phone:
         (410) 551-6611

         8050 Rockenbach Rd
         Hanover
         MD
         21076

         Distance from address: 10. 35 miles

         Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
         Open: 6:30 AM to 6:30 PM, M-F

         Tuition & Openings

      8. St. Joseph’s Child Development Center

         Phone:
         (410) 337-1117

         7601 Osler Dr
         Towson
         MD
         21204

         Distance from address: 10.51 miles

         Ages: 6 weeks to 5 years
         Open: 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM, M-F

         Tuition & Openings

      9. Laurel Knowledge Beginnings

         Phone:
         (301) 725-6500

         7551 Montpelier Rd
         Laurel
         MD
         20723

         Distance from address: 11. 25 miles

         Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
         Open: 6:30 AM to 6:30 PM, M-F

         Tuition & Openings

      10. Russet KinderCare

          Phone:
          (301) 497-0488

          3504 Russett Cmn
          Laurel
          MD
          20724

          Distance from address: 12.54 miles

          Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
          Open: 6:30 AM to 6:30 PM, M-F

          Tuition & Openings

      11. Eldersburg KinderCare

          Phone:
          (410) 781-4709

          1641 Liberty Rd
          Eldersburg
          MD
          21784

          Distance from address: 13. 33 miles

          Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
          Open: 6:30 AM to 6:30 PM, M-F

          Tuition & Openings

      Best Infant Daycare & Child Care in Catonsville, MD

      The following Catonsville, MD daycares have immediate availability for infants. Even if a locations does not have current openings for your infant, you can schedule a tour to join the waiting list. Capacity changes on a daily basis and we’ll let you know when a space becomes available!

      292 Infant Daycares in Catonsville, MD

      Hugs & Kisses Family WeeCare

      Daycare in
      Baltimore, MD

      (443) 432-2770

      Hi! We’re Hugs & Kisses Family WeeCare and we’re a home daycare providing childcare to families. Our goal is to ensure children reach their … Read More

      $230 – $250 / wk

      •

      7:30 am – 5:00 pm

      Karen’s Kidz Daycare

      Daycare in
      Baltimore, MD

      (667) 242-8686

      Welcome to Karen’s Kidz Daycare! We offer children a caring and warm environment that’s just like home. At our home daycare, our goal is to … Read More

      $155 – $186 / wk

      •

      7:30 am – 5:30 pm

      Buttons And Bow Ties Daycare

      Daycare in
      Catonsville, MD

      (443) 267-9315

      Welcome to Buttons and Bow ties Daycare! We offer children a supportive and friendly environment that’s just like home. At our home daycare,… Read More

      $56 / wk

      •

      7:00 am – 11:00 pm

      SK

      Tiny Hearts Home Daycare

      Daycare in
      Catonsville, MD

      (443) 420-6778

      Tiny Hearts Home Daycare is a safe and warm environment where your child can learn and grow. At our home daycare, we focus on teaching child… Read More

      $178 – $200 / wk

      •

      7:00 am – 5:30 pm

      SC

      Sharon Cobb Family Daycare

      Daycare in
      Baltimore, MD

      (667) 213-6086

      Welcome to Sharon Cobb Family Daycare! We offer childcare for families looking to provide their child with a loving and kind environment tha. .. Read More

      $200 – $222 / wk

      •

      7:00 am – 5:00 pm

      SK

      Little Stars Learning Daycare WeeCare

      Daycare in
      Baltimore, MD

      (410) 835-7734

      Hi! We’re Little Stars Learnig Daycare WeeCare and we’re a home daycare providing childcare to families. Our goal is to ensure children reac… Read More

      $189 – $212 / wk

      •

      7:30 am – 5:00 pm

      Shantel Floyd Daycare

      Daycare in
      Baltimore, MD

      (503) 773-5465

      Shantel Floyd is a home daycare that offers childcare programs for nearby families in Baltimore. Open from 7:00 am to 6:00 pm, the director … Read More

      Request price

      •

      7:00 am – 6:00 pm

      Syeda Amir Daycare

      Daycare in
      Ellicott City, MD

      (410) 313-9659

      Syeda Amir offers safe, loving childcare in the Ellicott City area. Kids learn through curriculum-based, educational activities. The facilit… Read More

      Request price

      •

      7:00 am – 5:30 pm

      Dorothy Foster Daycare

      Daycare in
      Baltimore, MD

      (667) 239-9410

      Dorothy Foster is a home daycare that offers childcare programs for nearby families in Baltimore. Open from 6:00 am to 6:00 pm, the di… Read More

      $178 – $193 / wk

      •

      6:00 am – 6:00 pm

      Wendi Watkins Daycare

      Daycare in
      Arbutus, MD

      (313) 251-2259

      Wendi Watkins provides childcare for families living in the Arbutus area. Children engage in play-based, educational activities aimed at hel… Read More

      Request price

      •

      6:00 am – 6:00 pm

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      In-Home Daycare and Group Home Child Care in Catonsville MD

      The Catonsville home daycare options below are dedicated to providing families
      with quality home childcare in a safe and nurturing environment. Group home daycares are personable alternatives to large
      centers with hundreds of children. Entrusting your family childcare to a Catonsville home
      daycare gives children the added security of being cared for in a home environment while still giving parents the peace of mind
      that comes from knowing their children are under the supervision of licensed professionals. We gathered the information for home
      childcare centers in Catonsville into one place in order to help simplify your search
      and make it more enjoyable. Since home daycare information can change often, please help us stay up to date by letting us know
      if any of the information on our childcare providers is out of date or incorrect. We want to give you the right information
      every time.

      Next Page >

      Lakeisha Jones/ You + Me Daycare

      Bardswell Road, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (410) 979-9889

      Lakeisha Jones/You + Me Daycare is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville, MD, with a maximum capacity of 8 children. The home-based daycare service help with children in the age range of 6 weeks-12 years old. The provider does not participate in a subsidized child care program.

      Gina Jones

      Drummond Road, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (410) 747-4684

      Licensed in-home Daycare located in Westchester Elementary school district. Hours 7am – 6pm ages 6wks – 10yrs full/part-time, before & after school care & summer care. Offer Preschool curriculum, prepare all meals & snacks.

      Rupert, Shari

      Cherrydell Road, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (443) 306-8018

      Rupert, Shari is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 8 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 12 …

      Amy Ferrer

      Cedar Circle Drive, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (410) 719-7529

      Amy Ferrer is a Large Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 11 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 15 years. The provider …

      Dailey, Barbara

      Oaklodge Road, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (443) 860-9746

      Dailey, Barbara is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 4 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 12 …

      Debra Lewis-Jukes

      Maiden Choice Lane, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (443) 860-9854

      Debra Lewis-Jukes is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 6 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to …

      Erin Moxley

      Frederick Road, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (443) 980-8814

      Erin Moxley is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 8 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 12 years. …

      Gaither, Mary

      Cargil Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (410) 456-2937

      Gaither, Mary is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 8 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 12 …

      Godman, Carla

      Radstock Rd, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (443) 520-7342

      Godman, Carla is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 8 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 12 …

      Helen Greene

      Southridge Road, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (410) 455-9838

      Helen Greene is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 8 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 12 years. …

      Husain, Nasim

      Hallwood Road, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (410) 747-7220

      Husain, Nasim is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 8 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 12 …

      Idrissi, Halima

      Chesworth Rd, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (443) 251-5919

      Idrissi, Halima is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 6 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 12 …

      Jacqueline Lusk

      Hillview Dr, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (443) 226-5066

      Jacqueline Lusk is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 6 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 12 …

      Javaria Shahnawaz

      Pleasant Valley Drive, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (443) 889-1473

      Javaria Shahnawaz is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 8 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to …

      Kelly Schwenk

      Arlonne Dr, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (703) 517-3694

      Kelly Schwenk is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 6 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 12 …

      Keri Shaner

      Pineybrook Court, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (410) 788-2551

      Keri Shaner is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 8 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 12 years. …

      Klein, Maria

      Lambeth Road, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (410) 788-1215

      Klein, Maria is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 8 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 12 years. …

      Leslie Young

      Mccurley Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (410) 788-1868

      Leslie Young is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 6 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 12 years. …

      Malghalarah Khan

      Inwood Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (410) 370-9626

      Malghalarah Khan is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 8 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to …

      Maya Denson

      Medwick Garth South, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (410) 565-2265

      Maya Denson is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 8 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 12 years. …

      Melissa Velez

      Grainfield Court, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (301) 655-4074

      Melissa Velez is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 8 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 12 …

      Moxley, Erin

      Eastshire Drive, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (443) 980-8814

      Moxley, Erin is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 8 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 12 years. …

      Nimra Ejaz

      Woodbridge Circle, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (443) 360-2462

      Nimra Ejaz is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 8 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 12 years. …

      O’Reilly, Kristine

      Ballymena Court, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (443) 341-6440

      O’Reilly, Kristine is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 8 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to …

      Rabia Rauf

      Wesley Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (410) 814-1529

      Rabia Rauf is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 6 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 12 years. …

      Rainville, Monica

      Midvale Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (443) 604-5214

      Rainville, Monica is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 8 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to …

      Rodasha Butler

      Carli Ct, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (443) 760-8996

      Rodasha Butler is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 8 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 12 …

      Safa Alfares

      Glenwilde Road, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (443) 490-3688

      Safa Alfares is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 8 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 12 years. …

      Saima Faiz

      Keen Valley Drive, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (847) 877-1001

      Saima Faiz is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 8 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 12 years. …

      Saima Khalil

      Lincolnwood Drive, Catonsville, MD 21228 | (443) 857-4061

      Saima Khalil is a Registered Family Child Care Home in Catonsville MD, with a maximum capacity of 7 children. The home-based daycare service helps with children in the age range of 0-23 Months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 5 years to 12 years. …

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      Catonsville Cooperative Preschool

      PreviousNext

      Catonsville Co-op in the News

      When the region shut down in March 2020, the Catonsville Cooperative Preschool kept connecting with students and their families thanks to Ms. Karen’s Virtual Circle Times.

      Hairston, Kim. (2020, April 03). Catonsville preschool teacher maintains virtual contact with students. The Baltimore Sun.

      What Makes Our Co-op Unique

      Cooperative preschools are special because they allow parents to be actively involved in their child’s first school experience. Parents are able to participate in their child’s classroom monthly, become friends with the other parents who are interacting with their children, know exactly what their child is learning in the classroom, and have a say in everything that happens in the classroom and school. What makes our co-op unique is we have been teaching children through play for over 70 years. Which means we have generations of families returning to the Catonsville Cooperative Preschool to ensure that their children are able to have the same fantastic childhood Co-op experience.

      Some of our favorite experiences include:

      • Our Creative Play area is full of manipulatives, costumes, physical challenges, and games that change every month according to the theme

      • Children can use real tools to make their own creations at our Workbench center

      • Each day children can make an art project based on the theme that day

      • The children help us plant our School Garden; then they observe the growth, pick the lettuce, and enjoy eating a salad they helped to grow

      • Parents become part of the larger Co-op Community through participation at school, our potluck, and social events

      • Throughout the year, classes attend field trips to the zoo, farm, Maryland Science Center, and more! Our PreKindergarten class even attends a live arts performance

      • We bring the world into our school with visitors like a yoga instructor and the dentist

      • In our PreKindergarten program, the class celebrates Kindness Fridays by reading books about kindness and learning about other cultures throughout the world

      • You! You get to take an active role in your child’s preschool education. Parents are encouraged to come in and lead a small lesson in their area of expertise – we’ve had a physical trainer, musicians, and even a pirate visit our class!

      Upcoming Events

      There are no upcoming events at this time

      What Parents Are Saying

      We LOVED our time at the Catonsville Co-op! Coming to the co-op gave me wonderful memories of the brief precious time during my daughter’s first school experience. I wasn’t quite ready to send her off and completely let go, and the co-op program offered the perfect solution. I loved every day that I was able to work in the classroom and participate with my daughter. Wonderful, wonderful experience!

      Jessica R.

      The dedication and personal attention provided from the teachers and parent helpers created a safe nurturing environment that helped our child become comfortable in a classroom setting. The curriculum was fantastic and included play and advocated creativity. We truly loved the Catonsville Co-op and hope other families get to enjoy this opportunity.

      The Dunham Family

      “I attended the Catonsville Cooperative for Kindergarten back in 1962. My daughter was able to walk in my footsteps and what that shows me is that it’s hard to improve on perfection.”

      Dave A.

      The Catonsville Co-op enabled my child to gently transition to a group educational setting, and establish neighborhood friendships that last to this day.

      Siri S.

      Catonsville Co-op was an amazing first school experience for both of my daughters. Creative play themes varied from post office to photography booth. Volunteering in the classroom was always fun. We made life long friends during our time there.

      Ginger A.

      We were brand new to Catonsville when our daughter began preschool at the co-op, and loved instantly being welcomed into a community of families who loved learning through experiential activities and play. The co-op was a great foundation for the creativity and learning our daughter continues to do to this day

      Laura J.

      The Catonsville Co-op is much more than a preschool! It’s a community where we could all share those amazing first few years of school, making great friends along the way. My oldest is still in a Girl Scout troop with her friends she made in the co-op 3’s class. I will always cherish the memories we made there together!

      Karen S.

      The Catonsville Coop was a fantastic experience for my family. Both of my children went through the program (the 2’s, 3’s and 4’s) and they have maintained these friendships to this very day (now ages 10 and 8). Not only did they make lasting friendships, but so did I! Being an involved parent in the school bonds you to the other parents that are working towards the same goal (creating an educational and nurturing environment for your child’s first school experience). I also believe the school is a great way to transition from home to Kindergarten – working in the classroom a few times a month can provide your child an extra sense of security as they explore new classmates and ideas! We still look through our preschool yearbooks and talk about our memories. I highly recommend it for anyone that wants to share in their child’s first school experience!

      Beth P.

      My daughter went to Catonsville Co-op for pre-school and prekindergarten a few years back. It was a wonderful experience. She got an early start socializing with other children to prepare her for school situations, and she learned a great deal while she was there. I feel that enrolling her there, instead of a regular daycare, has given her a head start academically. The school is very nice and the staff is wonderful. I highly recommend it to any parent that is looking for a great early start school for their child.

      Candace C.

      One of the things I liked best about the coop was the community that was formed since we worked together. Because of that, we knew all of the kids and parents and what the school day was like. It was a special time.

      Andrea R.

      PreviousNext

      The 10 Best Adult Day Care Services in Catonsville, MD for 2022

      There are
      32 Adult Day Care Services
      in the
      Catonsville
      area, with
      1
      in
      Catonsville
      and
      31
      nearby.

      To help you with your search, browse the
      3 reviews
      below for
      adult day care services
      in Catonsville.
      Better rated regions include
      Baltimore
      with an average rating of
      4.5
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      Caring.com has helped thousands of families find high-quality senior care. To speak with one of our Family Advisors about
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      call
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      Location

      LuAnn Medical Adult Day Care
      

      Provides: Adult Day Care

      4801 Sipple Avenue Suite-B, Baltimore, MD 21206

      “LuAnn’s Medical Day Care Center creates a vibrant and social community for your loved ones to enjoy their day while receiving the medical care and support they need on a daily basis. Our care is…” More

      “LuAnn’s Medical Day Care Center creates a vibrant and social community for your loved ones to enjoy their day while receiving the medical care and support they need on a daily basis. Our care is…” More

      ---

      Winter Growth
      

      Provides: Adult Day Care

      5460 Ruth Keeton Way, Columbia, MD 21044

      “Winter Growth is a very nice facility, that truly cares about it residents/participants. The residents/participants receive great care. The staff are friendly and willing to help. The…” More

      “Winter Growth is a very nice facility, that truly cares about it residents/participants. The residents/participants receive great care. The staff are friendly and willing to help. The…” More

      ---

      Easter Seals Adult Day Services
      

      Provides: Adult Day Care

      7301 Dogwood Road, Baltimore, MD 21244

      “I was worked w/them through an agency. Over all the care is wonderful
      , inter-generation environment , they have different activities & recreation for the patients. How ever they had visitors…” More

      “I was worked w/them through an agency. Over all the care is wonderful
      , inter-generation environment , they have different activities & recreation for the patients. How ever they had visitors…” More

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      Meals On Wheels Inc.
      

      Provides: Adult Day Care

      515 S Haven Street, Baltimore, MD 21224

      ---

      SK Adult Day Care
      

      Provides: Adult Day Care

      11299 Owings Mills Blvd., Suite 204, Owings Mil…

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      The Homeland Center
      

      Provides: Adult Day Care

      4800 York Road, Baltimore, MD 21212

      ---

      Woods Adult Day Services
      

      Provides: Adult Day Care

      8227 Cloverleaf Drive Ste 300, Millersville, MD…

      ---

      Active Day Arbutus
      

      Provides: Adult Day Care

      1667 Knecht Ave., Arbutus, MD 21227

      “With more than 90 locations across the country, Active Day is the premier provider of adult day health services and in-home personal care. Our adult day health centers are a preferred alternative…” More

      “With more than 90 locations across the country, Active Day is the premier provider of adult day health services and in-home personal care. Our adult day health centers are a preferred alternative…” More

      ---

      Active Day Baltimore
      

      Provides: Adult Day Care

      1430 Joh Ave., Baltimore, MD 21227

      “With more than 90 locations across the country, Active Day is the premier provider of adult day health services and in-home personal care. Our adult day health centers are a preferred alternative…” More

      “With more than 90 locations across the country, Active Day is the premier provider of adult day health services and in-home personal care. Our adult day health centers are a preferred alternative…” More

      ---

      Active Day Randallstown
      

      Provides: Adult Day Care

      9637 Liberty Road, Randallstown, MD 21133

      “With more than 90 locations across the country, Active Day is the premier provider of adult day health services and in-home personal care. Our adult day health centers are a preferred alternative…” More

      “With more than 90 locations across the country, Active Day is the premier provider of adult day health services and in-home personal care. Our adult day health centers are a preferred alternative…” More

      ---

      Active Day Timonium
      

      Provides: Adult Day Care

      1840 York Road, Timonium, MD 21093

      “With more than 90 locations across the country, Active Day is the premier provider of adult day health services and in-home personal care. Our adult day health centers are a preferred alternative…” More

      “With more than 90 locations across the country, Active Day is the premier provider of adult day health services and in-home personal care. Our adult day health centers are a preferred alternative…” More

      ---

      Adult Day Care near Catonsville, MD

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      Baltimore Islamic Society

      Coordinates: 39°18′13″N 76°44′53″W / 39.303531°N 76.747926°W / 39.303531; -76.747926

      B The Islamic Society of Baltimore ( IT B ) is a Muslim community center located in Catonsville, Baltimore County, Maryland, consisting of the Masjid ar-Rahma, the ar-Rahma School and a number of other services. The society was founded in 1969 by three Muslim doctors and is famous for the then president. Barack Obama Visit February 3, 2016. The society serves about 3,000 people. ^[1]

      Contents

      • 1 History
        • 1.1 Barack Obama visit
        • 1.2 Expansion
      • 2 Disputes
        • 2.1 Mohammed Adam El-Sheikh
        • 2. 2 Other disagreements
      • 3 See also
      • 4 Recommendations
      • 5 External link

      History

      Mosque Islamic Society of Baltimore, including Masjid al-Haqq and Masjid al-Saffat, founded in 1947 and 1971, respectively, in which the first members of the society took part. ^[2]

      The Islamic Society of Baltimore was founded in 1969 by three Muslim physicians, ^[1] one of whom was Mohamed Z. Awad, an Egyptian-born physician, Towson, Maryland. ^{[3] [4]} Awadh co-founded the society because of the desire of Muslims to “keep their religion for themselves and pass on their Islamic heritage to their children in the face of strong pressures towards assimilation”, according to Baltimore Sun in 1978 ^[3] The Society began with several families who met every Sunday at Shaffer Hall on the Homewood Campus of Johns Hopkins University to pray, discuss the scriptures, and study Arabic. ^[1] The organization was incorporated in Maryland on September 2, 1969. ^[5]

      Attempts to raise funds for the construction of the mosque were made by the society as early as 1970 in the form of fundraising. bazaar. ^[6] Fundraising bazaars were also held in 1971 and 1972 on the campus of Johns Hopkins University. ^{[7] [8]} According to co-founder Mohamed Awad in 1978, the society consisted mainly of foreign-born Muslims from India, Pakistan and the Middle East. ^[3] By the end of the 1970s, the society served about a hundred families. ^[1]

      By the end of the 1970s, the community had purchased many lots on Johnnycake Road. ^[1] where Masjid Al Rahma was built in 1982–83. ^{[2] [9]} The mosque was built with a capacity of about 180 people, but at that time there were about 300 people in it. Friday prayers. ^[10] In 1985, members of the society, mostly foreigners, numbered about 475 families. ^[11] In 1987 a gymnasium was built and a K-12 day school, Al-Rahmah School, opened with 27 students in the first year. ^{[12] [10]} The campus also includes a residential complex. ^[13] Ar-Rahma Quran Academy was opened in 1999-2000 by Qari Muhammad Zahid, ^[14] initially with one student. ^[2]

      Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, the Islamist militant group Al Qaeda Islamic Society of Baltimore condemned the attacks. ^[15] On September 13, leaders of nine mosques in the Baltimore area gathered outside the mosque to discuss developments and ways to help the victims of the attacks. The police sent officers to monitor the mosque around the clock. ^[16] On September 23, the Society held an open day. ^[15] attended by Mayor of Baltimore and future Governor of Maryland Martin O’Malley. ^[17] According to the imam, there were no reports of discrimination or harassment in the mosque in the weeks following the attacks. Mohammed Adam El-Sheikh, ^[17] although General Secretary Abid Hussein claimed that the woman was shouting profanity in the mosque shortly after the attack. ^[16]

      In 2003, El-Sheikh, who was the imam of the mosque from 1983-1989 and 1994-2003, left the mosque. ^[18]

      In April and May 2015, the society received two threats from anonymous calls. ^[19] The first call was made on April 28 to the school building, in which the caller asked when the school was closing before reportedly saying, “It’s the perfect time to bomb the bus.” The second call came on May 5, when the caller threatened to “shed Muslim blood”. The Baltimore County Police Department does not believe that either of these two threats is credible, although in response to them they increased security in the community. ^[20]

      Barack Obama’s visit

      See also: List of Barack Obama’s presidential trips (2016) § February

      to religious minorities. They insisted that officials consider then-President Barack Obama to visit the mosque, preferably with former President George W. Bush, which has been requested for years. ^[21]

      On January 28, 2016, mosque officials were informed of a possible visit by Barack Obama, ^{[22] [1]} and plans to visit the mosque were officially announced by the White House on January 30. ^[21] White House officials said its purpose is to “celebrate the contributions of Muslim Americans to our nation and reaffirm the importance of religious freedom to our way of life”, which is likely related to the fight against Islamophobia. ^{[21] [23]}

      Barack Obama visited the mosque on February 3, 2016, marking his first presidential visit to a mosque in the United States. ^{[24] [25] [26]} He held a roundtable discussion with the leaders of the Muslim community ^{[22] [27]} and delivered a speech in which he rejected political rhetoric and violence directed against Muslims , and talked about the role that Islam has played in American history. ^[22]

      Many ridiculed the visit, such as the American Muslim and the doctor. Zuhdi Yasser, who said: “As an American Muslim, I’m just being insulted, it’s a shame that this is one of the mosques – or a mosque – that [Obama] decided to visit,” during an interview on Fox and friends . Jasser described the mosque as radical, extreme, and not representative of contemporary Muslim Americans. ^{[13] [19] [18]}

      2018–2020 Extension

      March 2020 Construction

      County officials have issued an order to remove temporary trailers in classrooms as there are too many of them on campus. About ten classes of the Al-Rahma school are held in trailers due to lack of space in the main building. The Society developed expansion plans from old proposed expansion schemes. The community received permission from the county to begin expansion, and a groundbreaking ceremony was held in October 2018. As part of the expansion, it is planned to add a library, more classrooms, larger prayer areas for major events, and bring the Ar-Rahm Quran Academy closer. to the main building. The cost is estimated at approximately $2 million and should be completed by August 2019.year, which coincides with the 50th anniversary of the society. ^[10] The Strong 50 campaign marked both the society’s 50th anniversary in 2019 and the expansion project. ^[28] The Society collected artifacts such as old photographs and documents from its past to be presented in a multimedia project for the Society’s anniversary. ^[2]

      See also: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion § Islam

      In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Islamic Society of Baltimore canceled all prayers and events, broadcast programs and religious events from its YouTube channel to reach people. ^{[29] [30] [31]} Mosque officials formed a task force of doctors to recommend safety protocols. ^[32] During Ramadan, the Society distributed “Blessing Boxes”, boxes of flour, butter, rice and other household products to help Muslim families affected by COVID-19 break their fast. ^[33] A drive was also set up for families to get meals while social distancing. ^[34] Along with 49 other local organizations, the Islamic Society of Baltimore has received a grant of at least $3,000 from the Baltimore County COVID-19 Emergency Response Fund to promote public health. ^[35]

      Controversy

      Following the announcement of Barack Obama’s visit to the mosque in 2016, many conservative media accused the organization of having “historic” and “deep” ties to extremism or extremism. radical Islam including Fox News , Washington Times , Daily Caller , and Breitbart News . ^[18] Much of the conservative media focused on Mohammed Adam El-Sheikh, the mosque’s former longtime imam. ^[1]

      Mohammed Adam El Sheikh

      Although Mohammed Adam El Sheikh was Imam at the mosque in 2004, he said: Washington Post “If certain Muslims need to be cornered where they cannot defend themselves except through such means, and their local religious leaders have issued fatwas allowing it, then it becomes acceptable as an exceptional rule, but should not be taken as a principle. ” The comment caused controversy in several media outlets, ^[18] Such as Daily caller , ^[18] Fox News , ^[13] and Washington Times . ^[19] ThinkProgress , however, commented that these “right-wing media outlets omit the fact that the quote was a specific reference to an upsurge of violence between Israelis and Palestinians, not Americans”, and that the Sheikh immediately added that “the condemnation indiscriminate killing of civilians” is widespread. in his community.” ^[18]

      El Sheikh is also the former imam of the Dar al-Hijra Islamic Center in Virginia. Anwar al-Awlaki, who is said to have been at the center of al-Qaeda’s terrorist planning, preached and delivered sermons at the mosque in 2001. ^[13] Despite claims by news outlets, El-Sheikh “never read these sermons himself,” as ThinkProgress notes . ^[18] The mosque was also served by Imam Mohammed al-Khanouti in the 1990s, who was “named as an innocent co-conspirator. 1993 World Trade Center bombing.” ^[19]

      El-Sheikh was a member and “leading figure” of the Muslim Brotherhood in Sudan before moving to the US in 1978. ^{[13] [19]} However, as he told Washington Post he cut ties with the group in 1992. ^[36]

      El Sheikh was also a co-founder of the American Muslim Society, a group controlled by the Muslim Brotherhood. ^[19] El Sheikh was also a regional director Islamic American Relief Agency, whose parent organization is cited by the US Department of the Treasury for liaising with al-Qaeda and the Taliban. ^{[13] [19]}

      Other controversies

      The Islamic Society of Baltimore is reportedly affiliated with the Islamic Society of North America, a Muslim organization “named as an innocent co-conspirator in a 2008 criminal prosecution in which several people were found guilty of transferring money to the Hamas terrorist group,” according to Washington Times . ^[19]

      In 2011, Suleiman Anwar Bengarsa, a Muslim cleric, prison chaplain and imam, gave a two-week course on Islamic teachings on marriage at the Islamic Society of Baltimore. However, in the years leading up to 2016, he openly supported ISIS on Facebook, denounced US mosques as un-Islamic, said homosexual acts should be punishable by death, and criticized Muslims who were helping authorities investigate terrorism. According to an FBI affidavit filed in federal court, in June 2015 he provided $1,300 to Sebastian Gregerson in Detroit, who used it to expand his arsenal of firearms and grenades, although Bengarsa claimed it was for charity. Gregerson was arrested in July and charged with explosives. The FBI suspected the two men of conspiracy to commit terrorism. ^{[37] [38]}

      and “complained about gay rights groups ‘hijacking’ political discourse”, which received negative reviews from media outlets such as Daily Caller and Washington Times . ^{[19] 9 “IMAM YASEN SHEIKH – Homosexuality in Islam”. YouTube . May 15, 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2020.}

      external link

      • Official website
      • Islamic Society of Baltimore YouTube channel

      From a clean slate chapter 1-9010 9002
      Chapter 89
      

      In mid-August we went to Hougomont without the kids, and did just about everything that was said that night by the pool. We didn’t bring any underwear with us, grabbed a few evening gowns for Marilyn, and spoiled ourselves as much as we could. We even went nude swimming with her, and then I used suntan lotion as a lubricant for anal sex on the beach. It was a cool change before returning home to the usual way.

      When I say ordinary, I mean… ordinary! We enrolled Charlie in the local elementary school, District 5th Elementary School, which, despite its unimaginative name, turned out to be quite good. In addition, the most important thing for any school is whether parents want their children to succeed. I could send Charlie to the coolest school in the country, but if I don’t look after him myself, he’ll still fail. Neither me nor Marilyn could let our kids screw up.

      We discussed enrolling our children in a parochial school, but I was against it. First, District 5 was a five-minute walk from us, right down Mount Carmel Road towards Uppercoe. And the church was in Parkton, on the corner between York and Middletown, about fifteen or twenty minutes from here. Secondly, I had already paid taxes on the maintenance of public schools, and even though I could in principle buy both of these schools for relatively little money, it seemed too wasteful.

      Finally, I just have a prejudice against parochial schools. I did really well in mainstream schools on both attempts, and what the Catholic school did to the Lefleurs didn’t impress me at all. Or maybe, according to the remnants of faith that I still had, I considered myself a Lutheran, a Protestant to the marrow of my bones, and was more than skeptical about Catholicism and their teachings. Well, except for the Jesuits, who have a well-established reputation as scientists and have a couple of top-notch colleges. You can convert to another religion, but learn to think!

      If there were any problems with District 5, we could always change our minds. In the meantime, it was much closer just to walk down the road. Charlie didn’t seem to care. You know those commercials where a kid clings to his parents in tears to avoid getting on the school bus? (Last year, Marilyn herself drove him to kindergarten). Forget! Charlie hopped out to the road, climbed the steps to the bus, and didn’t even look back! We went out to observe this important moment. And in the end, m and Marilyn just looked at each other and laughed:

      – Wasn’t it supposed to be a very touching moment? Shouldn’t he, well, burst into tears, for example, and all that? I asked.

      – That’s how he misses his mom and dad! she replied.

      – It remains to wait until he starts asking to go to school on a motorcycle – Marilyn just rolled her eyes at this.

      I stood still for a moment, watching the black GMC follow the bus. He followed him all the way from the garage, parked in the school parking lot, and then moved behind him to the house. The Fifth District was not enthusiastic about this, but I quickly resolved this by purchasing a new computer system.

      I quickly kissed Marilyn goodbye and climbed into my car to go to work.

      – I’ll be back at half past five or so.

      Charlie started first grade when he was only five, just like me. In Maryland, the deadline was the end of the year, so if a child was six by December 31st, they were going to be five years old. Charlie was born in October, I was born in November, and Hamilton was born in December, so we all went to school at five. The twins, being born in the summer, will go to school at six. It wasn’t a problem for Charlie, though. While Hamilton and I were very small children, he was large for his age.

      The article in Fortune caused mixed feelings. Now that the whole world knew about us, people began to tread the road to us. It got even worse when someone from Dell blabbed that we were also on business there. Mike Dell wasn’t overjoyed when it came out, but an article in Business Week made it clear that someone at Dell had spilled the beans. Both Business Week and Forbes published an article on venture capital and high technology, we were also listed along with all the other companies that were engaged in this. At least they didn’t put me on the cover, although my photos were in both magazines.

      I was a little embarrassed by this, but Marilyn took it all with humor. After reading the Forbes article, she teased me about it for the rest of the night, and while the kids weren’t listening, she raved about how she managed to sleep with a celebrity! In the end, I gave her a notable slap on the ass, and this only caused more laughter, and only later, when the children were put to bed, I punished her a little differently.

      In business terms, fame was generally a good sign. This gave us more legitimacy in the industry, which also brought us partners and employees. We began to discuss the possibility of opening an office in California, probably in the Palo Alto area, and thought about how we could manage it. It would have meant even more business trips for both me and Jake Jr., as neither of us wanted to move. He hit on a girl from Perry Hall who divorced her husband and gave him part of the custody of her son, and who also did not intend to move. One option was to find someone from Sand Hill Road and convince them to leave and open a new branch. We would have to give him part of the income, of course, but there could be pluses in this. Fortunately, I remembered many names of people who have achieved success in business, and I knew whom to bypass, despite all their pedigrees.

      As for the new cases, some things went well, most of them went badly, and some proposals were completely nonsense. We were contacted by a guy asking for our support to develop roasted peanut vending machines! He was convinced that people all over the country were just waiting to stand five minutes or more in front of a machine that would fry them peanuts. The strangest ideas were posted on a blackboard in the break room, and it was called the “Shameful Hall”! It definitely fit.

      Early in 1987, one of the strangest possibilities opened up. I became a writer! Well, a co-author, rather, and even more of an illustrious editor. It all happened because of one of my harmless habits. Simply put, the habit is harmless, and has never caused problems. Most people don’t even know about it. I’m not particularly spread, although there is nothing shameful in this.

      I write letters to editors.

      It all started quite innocently. On my first attempt, when I was 14, I read an article in Popular Science magazine about rowing, and in my letter to them I added a couple more cents from myself about something, I don’t even remember what, but it was in print two weeks later! It’s like I got stoned and addicted to it! Years later, I continued to read magazines and newspapers and get involved. What I didn’t realize when I started this, but realized later when I was editing the company’s mailing list, is how desperate most publishers and editors are in their attempts to fill in the blank.

      My letters were published everywhere, from local newspapers to major national publications. An article on pharmaceutical sales techniques in Time received a response, which also went to press. Two scholarly notes on Iran and the shipbuilding program have been published in the Proceedings of the Naval Institute. One funny incident happened when a bridge in Otsego County was closed for renovation and reopened only three years later. I wrote to the Oneonta Daily Star that I would not vote for state senator until the bridge was repaired, and urged other readers to do the same. Two days later, I was put on the senator’s mailing list and received weekly updates on what was happening with the bridge. Marilyn agreed with me, which was quite funny. I once also wrote a response to an article from the Rensselaer alumni magazine who wrote that KGS bought a new house in 2010 that had previously been a single mothers’ home. My response to this was very appropriate, since many Keggers initially spent a lot of time helping the girls settle in. This brought me some angry letters from that generation of Keggers and a general applause from everyone else.

      Nothing has changed on this attempt. You write a letter in which you either speak out about something or refute some idiot. Nine times out of ten, editors throw it out immediately. But that doesn’t matter, because just the writing itself makes you feel better, and gives you a reason to open the mail section first.

      In this case, The Baltimore Sun ran an article about the maintenance cost of the Bay Bridge. Some weirdo wrote about how the cost is outrageous and that taxpayer money shouldn’t go into maintaining a bridge that wasn’t designed and built right from the start, and that all contractors should be sued. I responded with an even longer letter stating that the cost was not inflated, but well within the expected cost of the design, and that maintenance should take place in all areas. My answer was picked up and printed on the help page as a guest correction, which completely stunned me. My letter received a lot of responses, both positive and negative, which, apparently, was expected by the editors, and was the reason for its publication.

      One of these answers turned out to be the most interesting. A professor of civil engineering at the University of Maryland sent back a very long dissertation on infrastructure maintenance, the letter was too long and convoluted to publish, and they forwarded it to me along with a note that maybe I would like to talk to him. I read his letter and quickly responded, saying that I received the letter from Sun, but specifying that they did not intend to publish it. I agreed with many of his theses, and thanked for the interest.

      I was surprised by what happened next. I received a second letter, this time sent directly to me, with a bunch of scientific papers, some from him and some from others, touching on the impact of infrastructure deterioration and the cost of restoration. It was really interesting. I spent most of the day paperwork and then got his phone number in college. After which I called him and thanked him, to which he invited me to a symposium on Thursday evening, in which he participated, on the topic of infrastructure requirements for maintenance.

      And that’s how I met Professor Harold Johnson. On Wednesday night, I informed Marilyn that I would most likely be home late on Thursday, and I would be in town for dinner. When she asked why, I told her about the letters.

      – I see you are returning to science? she teased.

      I answered with the most arrogant air:

      – Let me remind you that I have always been a scientist, and you, the lower breeds, must recognize my inherent superiority!

      – Oh, really? Maybe then a higher being should sleep in the library tonight, so the thoughts from the books will be absorbed into you?

      I walked around the kitchen and put my arm around her shoulders.

      – No, I think if I sleep with you, then maybe my brilliant ideas and thoughts can be absorbed into you!

      – With this behavior, nothing will be absorbed at all! she replied.

      – Hmmm… Maybe I can come up with a special sleep technique! We continued to tease each other after dinner.

      Later that night, Marilyn did let me sleep in our bed, and I diligently practiced that same technique on her.

      The University of Maryland was in Arbutus, closer to the southwestern part of Baltimore. It is located next to the Catonsville Community College, better known to residents as the University of South Catonsville, or as the University of Catonsville to the left of Arbutus. Depending on the time of day, it’s about forty minutes from Hereford towards Beltway and then right around town. The symposium started at seven, so I stopped by Towson, had dinner in town, and then headed to Arbutus.

      The symposium was held in an auditorium in the building of engineers. I parked on the west side of the building and went inside. There was a traffic jam on the Beltway, so I was fifteen minutes late. I slipped through the door at the end of the auditorium and sat down in one of the seats in the back row. Professors-engineers, economists and political scientists spoke at the symposium, and in general there were some people in the audience who were very similar to graduates of some of them. However, it is not surprising. I must have been the only visitor from the general public, and I would not have been there if I had not been invited.

      Nothing new was discussed there, although in general it all seemed interesting to me. Much of the discussion revolved around roads and bridges and how the country’s infrastructure is deteriorating. It was true even then, and it will only get worse from there. By the time of the global crisis, a huge number of places in the country will be left to rot without any maintenance. If the bridge collapses, then it will be left like that, and the inhabitants will not be happy. There are a lot of potholes on the roads. Putting up signal cones is cheaper than fixing fences if someone goes off the road. No one at the symposium was able to offer any solutions to the problem, and in the end the graduates left, their attendance was noted.

      It was just past ten when the meeting ended, so I got up from my chair and walked to the front of the auditorium. Dr. Johnson was the bridge and road expert here. I stepped over a small threshold at the scaffold, and approached him.

      – Professor Johnson?

      He looked up at me:

      – Yes? Can I help you?

      I smiled and extended my hand.

      – Carl Buckman, Dr. You invited me to the symposium, remember?

      – Oh, yes, thanks for coming. It’s nice when not only academicians are here with us.

      – Yes, I agree with you. I remember those days myself.

      – Yes? – he asked.

      I handed him one of the company’s business cards with my degree next to my name.

      – Yes, a couple of years ago I was a graduate myself.

      His eyebrows went up.

      – Where did you study?

      – Rensselaer. I got my doctorate in applied mathematics about ten years ago. And it seems like in another life.

      – I know about Rensselaer. I got my bachelor’s degree from Clarkson.

      – Do you still support hockey? I asked.

      Clarkson competed with Rensselaer in the first division for years.

      He grinned.

      – Not for several years now. Although it was great for dates. I smiled and nodded in agreement. “I should have guessed from your response to that idiotic letter that you have a mathematical background. I just want people to pay more attention to it. And nothing is done until something terrible happens.

      – It’s nature, professor. When everything is good, we don’t want to spend money. And when everything is bad – nothing. Until you figure out how to remake people, nothing will happen if this is not helped, – I answered and looked at my watch. We were the only ones left in the auditorium, and it was past nine. “I think it’s time for us to go. And it looks like we’re going to be shut down here.

      – I would like to talk more.

      I was about to say goodbye, but for some reason I put it off.

      – I think I would have a snack now. How are you, professor? Is there anywhere to get a cup of coffee or something like that?

      He seemed startled.

      – Not sure. I think most of the local establishments are already closed. We can find a sandwich shop or something. There’s also a pretty good place on South Rolling Road in Frederick, Russells, but a bit pricey for a cup of coffee.

      I waved it off with a smile.

      – I treat. Nice to be back in the world of science. Johnson gave me a strange look, so I added, “I’ll explain how we get there.”

      I waited for the professor to pack his suitcase and then went outside with it. Five minutes later I followed him into the parking lot at Frederick. Then we went inside. Very nice big place with lots of tables and a couple of small tables. By that time, the evening rush had already passed, and we were among the last wave of visitors.

      The hostess seated us at a table and gave us menus, and a young waitress came up to us.

      – Good evening. My name is Gretchen and I will serve you. Would you like something to drink while you choose what to order?

      I smiled and nodded.

      – It’s been a long day. Can I order a gin and tonic? – I looked at Johnson and added: – Let me remind you, I treat.

      He smiled back and ordered Manhattan. Then when Gretchen left he said

      – Well, I don’t often turn down treats. What do you usually do? What is your occupation?

      I nodded.

      – Uh, what did I do after getting my doctorate? He nodded back, and I began, “Well, I worked for Uncle Sam for a couple of years. I completed a reserve officer training course, and after graduating I went into the army. After leaving the army, I created an investment company. Here’s what I’m doing now.

      – Have you created an investment company? he asked incredulously.

      I smiled.

      – Mathematics offers a number of very lucrative career options, Doctor.

      – I believe so.

      We talked for a few minutes about Rensselaer and Clarkson, and I confessed that I hurt my leg in the army, so I had a cane. When the waitress returned with our drinks, she asked:

      – Ready to order?

      I took a quick look at the menu and already knew what I wanted.

      – Are crab cakes good?

      – The crab cakes are amazing!

      “Sounds great.” I handed the menu to Gretchen and we looked at Johnson.

      – All yours. Same for me, please.

      – Two servings of crab cake – she left.

      I drank some gin and it was just right.

      – Aaah, straight to the bull’s-eye. I’m still driving today, so I can’t drink more than two, but it’s been a very long day.

      Johnson drank some of his and grinned childishly:

      – Feel like I broke a rule by drinking during the school week. Usually my wife and I drink on weekends.

      We talked some more. Johnson was a couple of years older than me, maybe thirty-five or thirty-six, married a college English teacher, two daughters, both in high school. He was a strong middle man. The stereotype about the absent-minded professor turned out to be just a stereotype. Shortly before our pies were brought in, he asked:

      – So why did you come to the symposium anyway?

      – Well, I think it’s because you invited me. I doubt if I would have known about him otherwise.

      He shook his head.

      – And I just want people to be interested in the infrastructure on which they themselves depend. Nothing happens until something collapses and someone dies.

      At that moment, Gretchen showed up with our orders, so I was late with the answer. I ordered a second glass each, then I tried the cake (delicious!), and finally said:

      – Without good advertising and PR, you will never ever get people interested in infrastructure. It’s not very exciting, and even costs money.

      He shrugged.

      – I know you’re right. What do you think about this?

      – I can’t say for sure, but I can tell you one thing. If what you’re doing doesn’t work, don’t expect it to pop up someday. Do something else. Even in small things.

      – For example?

      Thanks to the fact that I had already started chewing on a piece of cake, I had a couple of seconds to think. I thought with my mouth closed, but holding up my finger as a signal to wait while I finished chewing and swallowed, wetting everything with gin and tonic.

      – Okay, well, something simple. I have read your papers. They even have titles, such as “The Adverse Effects of Infrastructure Oxidations Require Options.” No one outside the engineering community will read this. What ordinary people, politicians and newspapers will read is “Rusty bridges cost money!”

      – Well, yes, but technical papers are not written like that! he protested.

      – I know. I myself wrote a couple of works. What I’m talking about is that if you want attention from people who aren’t tech-savvy, then you don’t have to write technical language. You need to write in words that everyone can understand. They won’t understand “options”. They will understand the collapse of the bridge and the increase in their taxes. You need to tailor the presentation of information to the public,” I said and continued. – This is the first thing. Are there any other options. For example, politicians love to be photographed opening a bridge, or digging up the earth, or doing something. You need to convince them that it’s just as cool as taking pictures while filling a hole in the road or putting up a cone. Say it shows them practical and economical. Attack them with dollars, not reports and magazines.

      He smiled.

      – It sounds like you don’t have much confidence in the servants of society.

      – I believe that they will do everything to be re-elected. Convince them that they will be re-elected from having hit the holes, and they will close them up.

      – This is quite cynical.

      “That is very true,” I replied.

      He thought for a second and said:

      – You need to be elected.

      I nearly spit out my drink.

      – Never mind!

      – Then how do you change something? If not you, then who?

      – Think of another way, professor. I haven’t sunk that low yet,” I replied.

      After our late dinner, I thanked Johnson for an interesting evening and went home. I went to bed around midnight. Marilyn was already napping with Puffball warming my side of the bed. I took the dog out to the backyard on business, and when we got back, she went into Charlie’s room. I climbed into my already warmed part of the bed and fell asleep.

      Friday morning Marilyn slept in my arms. As usual, she woke up before me and went to the bathroom to take a shower. Since Marilyn’s morning classes usually take half an hour or so, I managed to take a nap. After a couple of minutes I was awakened by Puffy and began to whine until I took her out into the backyard. While she was urinating, I went to the bathroom and did the same. Then I went back to let the dog in and then went back to the bathroom to shave and shower myself.

      – Morning! How is your lecture? Marilyn asked.

      – Interesting, and it was a symposium, not a lecture.

      – Only you see the difference in this.

      I could only smile.

      – I’m sorry I came back so late. We talked to the professor. Have you been waiting for me?

      – No. As soon as I put the kids to bed, I fell asleep on the couch.

      – I’m sorry.

      At that moment, the girls entered the bathroom, mumbling something about breakfast. I quickly wrapped the towel around my waist.

      – Both of you will get a good anatomy lesson one day soon! I was outraged.

      “The lesson will be quite short,” their mother added.

      – Oh, that was rude, lady! Very rude!

      Marilyn stuck out her tongue and then shooed the girls back through the bedroom and down the hallway. I jumped into the shower and did my morning bath almost twice as fast as Marilyn does. On the other hand, most of her time is spent rubbing lotion all over her body—I mean, all over her body. On vacation without children, I usually liked to watch it. And I decided that it was a sin to complain about such a use of her time.

      This, as I thought, ended my re-immersion into the world of science. I left work early in the afternoon and we took the kids to Deep Creek Lake for the weekend. It’s very picturesque in the summer, and I remember it from the first try, Susie and her family often went there for a hike. Now Susie won’t go there.

      I would never take Marilyn on a hike myself. No matter how much pleasure it gave me to watch her roaming the forest, it would not be comparable to the inconvenience she caused.

      I knew this as an absolute fact, and some dark side of my psyche wished that the day would come when Marilyn would want to go camping. When she was pregnant for the first time, we agreed that I would be on the side of the boys and she would be on the side of the girls. So I would be the Chief Boy Scout on Charlie’s team and she would be on Holly and Molly’s team. Charlie was already a Tiger Cub, and I was his designated adult. Charlie thought it was a lot of fun, and ever since he got to Wibelos, he couldn’t wait to go camping overnight. I was looking forward to the day when Marilyn would have to go camping with the Brownies or some other group of girls. If you’re lucky, one of the other parents will film it, and then I would buy myself a copy. I was ready to shell out a tidy sum for shooting where Marilyn strays in the wild!

      This weekend, of course, we just stayed at the lake house, wandered around a bit and did other usual tourist stuff. On Sunday afternoon we drove back to Hereford, dropped the children off and put them to sleep. On Monday, Marilyn was supposed to pick up Pyshka from the kennel, and I was supposed to return to work.

      By the end of the week, the vile face of science has resurfaced. Harry Johnson called me:

      – Dr. Buckman, I just wanted to call again and thank you for coming to the symposium and for the dinner after it. I hope you didn’t get home too late.

      – Nothing unexpected. Thank you for calling.

      – Do you remember how we talked about what you can do to help me? – he asked.

      My brow twitched. Either I forgot this part of the conversation, or Harry Johnson was a better salesman than I expected.

      – I remember saying that I was not going to run for office.

      He laughed at this.

      – Yes, I remember that too. But no, I’m talking about other ways to draw public attention to the problem.

      I remember this part.

      – Yes, I remember that. Do you already have some ideas?

      – We can write a book!

      I stared at the phone for a moment. I almost heard Johnson say something about writing a book.

      – Excuse me?

      – I said we could write a book.

      – Yes, I thought so too. For a second I thought Timothy Leary had overdone his LSD again. book?

      Harry laughed.

      – I’m serious. Let me explain. Simon and Schuster contacted me last fall about a book on infrastructure. I rejected their idea. I tried to start, but it was a complete failure. You can make it better, much better.

      – I’m pretty sure Timothy went overboard after all.

      – Give me a chance. Let me discuss this with you. Please.

      I rolled my eyes up to the ceiling but agreed. The earliest we could meet is Thursday afternoon. Harry agreed to come, given that last time I came. I informed Grace that I had an appointment.

      On Thursday, Professor Johnson showed up at our office around one o’clock in the afternoon. I gave him all the directions on how to get here, but didn’t explain what the place looked like. The intercom phone rang and Grace called

      .

      – Mr. Buckman, you have arrived.

      I pressed the button and said:

      – One second.

      Then I got up and left the office. I found Johnson in the lobby looking around with a puzzled look.

      – Harry! Good to see you again!

      – Thank you, Carl. What kind of place is it? What are you doing here? – he asked.

      I smiled.

      – Remember how I said I had a degree in applied mathematics? – he nodded, and I continued: – Well, money became an application! We are a private venture capital company!

      – Wall Street? Something like that? And the company is named after you? Then you must be a very important person.

      I smiled at that.

      – You could say that. I am the main owner. Let’s go to my office.

      – Why didn’t the secretary call you Doctor Buckman?

      Scientists are very worried about conversion. In one place where I worked on the first attempt, there was a scientific laboratory, where the size of the table directly depended on the degree received. Lab assistants had no desk, college lab assistants had a manual stand, bachelor’s degrees provided a meter-sized table with shelves at one end, masters were given a 1. 5-meter table, and doctors were given a nearly two-meter table with shelves at both ends.

      – I’m lucky she said Mister. Usually it is “Karl”, or “Hey, you!”. We have an informal atmosphere here.

      Once in my office, I pointed Harry to the seating area, where I had chairs and a sofa.

      – Okay, tell me. What is it about the book?

      Harry explained his idea. Last year, 1986, he was approached by Simon and Schuster with the idea of ​​writing a book on infrastructure and economics based on articles he had written. At the time, he turned down their offer because it was obvious that they wanted something that he couldn’t write. As I said that night, they needed something in an easy to understand way. They turned to him because he was a leader in the field.

      They showed up again last month, shortly after the Shohari Creek Bridge on the New York State Freeway was washed away. It was the right moment for the book. I actually knew what it was about, because from a past life I knew about the bridge. Unfortunately for the book, the bridge collapsed not because of a lack of maintenance, but because of an unexpected flood that swept away the bridge’s piers. Ten people died.

      The more Harry talked, the more I got into the idea. It kind of reminded me of my graduation speech that was reread at a reunion a couple of years ago. We pay taxes so that we have bridges, roads, water, sewerage, and so on. It’s boring, expensive, no one wants to hear about it, but it’s also important!

      I sat and listened, and when Harry began to repeat myself, I raised my hands and gestured that it was time to take a break.

      – Okay, I think I got the gist of it. Now, how do you see this book? Divide it into thematic sections. What will make this book special? Why should anyone buy it?

      Harry Johnson is not used to this train of thought. In his scientific world, you write a thick pile of incomprehensible things for the same specialists, publish it in special editions, and discuss all this with other specialists. I have never written a book myself, but my life has not been all about science and engineering. Harry began to paint some ideas and the image of the book began to slowly form in my head.

      In my office work area, next to my conference table, I had a whole wall of whiteboards. I gestured for Harry to follow me, picked up a marker and began to highlight sections of the book.

      – First of all, we can’t just write about bridges with roads. Infrastructure is a lot of things – dams, sewers, water treatment systems, canals – a lot. No one will read about just one, but if we give each section a chapter or two, we can release a research book to the public.

      – I have no information on all this. My specialty is bridges and roads,” he disagreed.

      I just shrugged.

      – So what? You know who’s doing it, you can find documents and technical information on the topic, and make sure we credit everyone who had a hand. And then we will need to find suitable and current examples of problems, and place them in the appropriate chapter.

      – A dam broke in Italy a couple of years ago. We can put that in the dam chapter,” he suggested.

      I shook my head.

      – No, we need examples in America. Don’t misunderstand, I understand that it was a tragedy, but American readers don’t care what happened elsewhere. We need examples in places that readers have heard of and know about. They don’t care what happens across the seas.

      – This is incredibly callous! he was indignant.

      Unfortunately, he was right. I sat down on the conference table and nodded to him.

      – I know. In this situation, we are both right. The issue is that I’m talking about a book aimed at the American reader. People can be very limited at such times. First, as I said, they will have at least some idea of ​​where it is in the States, and they may even have heard about it on the news. Secondly, tell any passer-by on the street that a bridge has collapsed somewhere abroad, he will immediately answer: “Of course it collapsed! It was built by a bunch of foreigners!” And it does not matter that the entire detachment of builders studied in Massachusetts, for example.

      – This is terrible…

      – Yes, terrible, but so human. Look at our news on TV. A sunken fishing boat with three people will get more air time than a ferry in the Philippines that sank and claimed a thousand lives! I just shrugged and spread my arms. “It’s unfair and wrong, but you know it happens.

      – So you see the book as attractive to the general reader?

      I needed to think it over.

      – You know, I just don’t know myself. We need to talk to the publisher about this. I think that it will be of interest to more college-educated intellectuals than to those who have just graduated from high school. For the guys who read Scientific American, not Field and Stream. And also, probably, readers of books about politics.

      – Why about politics?

      Professor Johnson really was like a child in the forest.

      – Infrastructure means money, and money means politics.

      – Oh, right.

      – Well, are you still interested? I asked.

      – Yes. And you?

      – Yes, actually, yes. I’ll need to scald this at home, or later, but I still have time left on the schedule. It’s good that you’re helping. What do you think, who should do what?

      – You will have to write most of it, but I will provide all the documentation.

      – Okay, but you will need to correct it too, then I will need to correct your edits, and then the publisher will most likely throw it in the bin and force us to write it all over again, I replied.

      This made Harry smile.

      – Dividing in half?

      “You can even take the bulk.” I held out my hand and we shook hands. Then I went to the office door and flung it open. – HEY! DO WE HAVE A LAWYER HERE? I yelled from the door.

      Several people in the hallway stopped and stared at me, and then the heads of John and Jake Jr. popped out of the door.

      – What have you done now? John asked.

      – Just the one you need – Jake just rolled his eyes, smiled and returned to his room. John walked down the corridor and entered my office. “John, this is Professor Harold Johnson from the University of Maryland. Harry, this is John Steiner.

      – Nice to meet you. I’m the chairman of the board, also known as Karl’s lawyer and his bail bondsman. What has he done now?

      “You offend, John, you offend,” I disagreed.

      John ignored this and looked at Harry with a smile.

      – We are going to write a book. I don’t know why he called you,” the professor replied.

      John looked at me:

      – Are you going to write a book?!

      – Yes, probably. Do you know anything about writing or publishing? I asked.

      – No. Do I need to find someone?

      “That might be a good idea.” I turned back to Harry and said, “Contact someone you know at Simon and Schuster and say you’re interested.” But no matter what, don’t sign anything until our lawyer sees it.

      – Got it! Good.

      – Does Marilyn know that you are going to write a book? John asked with a touch of amusement.

      – No, not yet.

      – That’s good. Listen, I’ll find someone who understands books, and you take me to a very expensive dinner and tell me everything.

      – Agreed.

      John went on his way and Harry left too, shaking my hand. I just shook my head. What have I got myself into now?

      May 1968 – May 1968

      This article is about the events of May 1968. For the painting by Joan Miro, see May 1968 (Miro).

      See also: May 1968 events in France

      1968

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