Spelling words grade 12: 12th Grade Spelling Words

It is important not to confuse these parts of speech in a sentence in order to write them correctly. If in doubt, try replacing the word with another adverb or asking an adverbial question to it. If it works out, then this is an adverb, it needs to be written together.

Test yourself

Read the phrases below and identify which words are hyphenated and which are not. Open the brackets and support your answer with the rules in this section.

(Some) where they stopped, the result (on) the face, (on) the face the light fell, once (on) a long time ago, (in) tenths, walks (barely) barely, figured it out (quietly) peacefully.

Pronouns

Hyphen in pronouns

Pronouns can be hyphenated only if they are indefinite. Moreover, they will always be used with morphemes something , something , something , something – just like the adverbs from the previous section:

• something,

• anyone,

• some etc.

Joint and separate spelling of pronouns

If an indefinite or negative pronoun contains a prefix non- or non-, while there is no preposition between it and the root, it is written together:

If there is a preposition between neither or not and the pronoun, they must be written separately:

Also in Russian, particles nor and not are written separately with all other categories of pronouns, except for indefinite and negative ones. At the same time, all pronouns of any category are written separately with prepositions:

• to talk about something,

• did not come by himself etc.

Check yourself

Read the pronouns below and decide which words are hyphenated and which are not. Open the brackets and support your answer with the rules in this section.

Not (with) anyone, not (with) anyone, that (or), no (who), anyone (someone), (some) who, something (with) someone.

Hyphen in functional parts of speech

When a hyphen is written in prepositions

In prepositions, a hyphen can be found only in one case – if the preposition is compound (that is, it consists of two parts) and non-derivative (that is, it was not formed from the word of another part speech). We have already discussed this topic in more detail in the article “Ranks of Prepositions”. There you can also learn about cases when prepositions are written together or separately.

Examples of prepositions that are written with a hyphen:

• from underground,

• above the snow,

• because of the mountains.

Continuous, hyphenated and separate writing of particles

Particles b, b, g, li, le must be written separately with the rest of the words:

• will you come,

• you will see,

• would show etc.

Words with particles -ka and -to are hyphenated:

• come on,

• tell me something etc.

It is important not to confuse conjunctions also and also with combinations of pronoun or adverb and particle same . They sound the same, but if the prepositions are written together, then particle must be written separately with the pronoun then and the adverb so .

Hyphen in interjections and onomatopoeia

Now let’s find out when a hyphen is written inside a word, if it is an interjection or onomatopoeia.

1. Complex and sometimes compound interjections, which include two or more words, are written with a hyphen:

   • bayushki,

   • by God etc.

2. It often happens that an interjection or onomatopoeia is formed by the repetition of words. In this case, it is also written with a hyphen

   • co-co-co,

   • hee hee etc.

Test Yourself

Now that we have discussed the theoretical part of the topic in detail, let’s practice to determine the continuous, hyphenated and separate spelling of words in Russian.

Read the phrases below and determine which parts of speech the words they contain belong to. Open the brackets and put a hyphen where needed. Explain why you chose a particular spelling option using the general rules we covered in this article.

I got out of (under) the snow, someone strong, we will get to know each other, a little (slightly) tired, somewhere far away, from (the beginning) of the path, looked (in) cunning, raincoat (tent) , English (French), light (beige), treated (like) humanly, (half) a cucumber.

We hope that after this article, the continuous, separate and hyphenated spelling of words will no longer seem like a difficult issue to you. And if not, try again to analyze this topic, but with the teacher. In the lessons at the Skysmart online Russian language school, we will explain it in simple language and teach you to see the logic in the rules for hyphenation, and not memorize them. This will help you not be afraid of tests, improve your grades and go to school with pleasure.

Cheat sheets for parents in Russian

All formulas in Russian at hand and free

Alena Fedotova

author Skysmart

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How to write correctly? / Legislative Duma of the Tomsk Region

Based on materials from the site http://www. gramota.ru

Words and turns of business speech that do not require punctuation marks

The list contains words and expressions, the punctuation of which is often asked by visitors “Information Bureau” GRAMOTY.RU
It should be remembered that these words are usually not distinguished by punctuation marks:

What date should I put on the document?

The date of the document is the date of its signing, for the act – the date of the event, for the protocol – the date of the meeting, the decision.

When writing the date, Arabic numerals are used (a pair of digits for the number, a couple of digits for the month and four digits for the year), the separator is a dot:

• 27.08.2007,
• 09/01/2007.

An alphanumeric date is also possible: 5 March 1999, September 1, 2007

How to write, with or without space: 1500; 150g. BC. / 1500, 150 BC e.?

Graphically, the presence of a space is a sign of a word. All abbreviations and numbers should be separated: 2007, 2008-2014, from 2001 to 2008

Is it possible to write the date in the documents like this: 04/19/08?

The day of the month and the month are written in two pairs of Arabic numerals (with a dot), the year – in four Arabic numerals: 19.04.2008.

If the date is written in numbers (08/22/2007), is it appropriate to write “years” after 2007, and if appropriate, how to do it correctly?

If the date includes the day of the month (day), month and year, then different spellings are possible:

• in digits: 08/22/2007;
• in words and numbers: August 22, 2007; August 22, 2007;
• only in words: August twenty-second, two thousand and seven.

If the date is written in digits, the year word or abbreviation y is not required after the date.

How to write correctly: 2000-2002 or 2000-2002?

Accepted abbreviation of the word years – years.

Should be written: 2000-2002 Such an abbreviation is read as “two thousandth – two thousand two years.”

Please note: there is a dash between the numbers, no spaces on either side.

When writing a statement, is the “addressee” centered on the right edge or on the left, but on the right side of the sheet?

The attribute “addressee” is usually left-aligned, but is always on the right side of the sheet.

When to apply extensions?

Accretion (letter case ending) is used in writing ordinal numbers: 10th class “B”; 11th grade student; 1st car from the center; 5th level of difficulty; take 2nd and 3rd places; in the early 90s, route 12.

Accretion is not used:

• Recording cardinal numbers: dictionary in 4 volumes; work of 2 employees; a series of 12 exercises.
• When recording calendar numbers: March 22, 2003, April 1, January 10.
• If the number is indicated by a Roman numeral: II International Olympiad for schoolchildren in the Russian language; IX Congress, XXI century, Louis XIV.
• In the numbers of volumes, chapters, pages, illustrations, tables, appendices, etc., if the generic word (volume, chapter) precedes the numeral: on p. 196, v. 5, in the table. 11, in app. 1 (but: on the 196th page, in the 5th volume, in the 11th table, in the 1st appendix).

How to apply extensions?

The increment of the case ending in ordinal numbers indicated by Arabic numerals can be one-letter or two-letter.

According to the established tradition, the accretion should be one-letter if the last letter of the numeral is preceded by a vowel sound: 5th day (fifth day), 25th anniversary (twenty-fifth anniversary), in the 32nd edition (in the thirty-second edition), in 14th row (in the fourteenth row).

Accretion must be two-letter if the last letter is preceded by a consonant: 5th day (fifth day), to the 25th student (to the twenty-fifth student), from the 32nd edition (from the thirty-second edition), from the 14th row (from the fourteenth row).

If two ordinal numbers follow in a row, separated by a comma or connected by a union, the case ending is increased for each of them: 1st, 2nd cars; 80s and 90s.

If more than two ordinal numbers follow in a row, separated by a comma, semicolon or connected by a union, then the case ending is increased only for the last numeral: 1, 2 and 3 cars, 70, 80, 90s.

If two ordinal numbers follow through a dash, then the case ending is increased:

a) only for the second numeral, if the case ending for both numerals is the same: 50-60s, in 80-90s;

b) for each numeral, if the case endings are different: in the 11th – 20th rows.

Source: Reference book of the editor and proofreader: Editorial and technical design of the publication / Comp. and general ed. A. E. Milchin. M., 1985.

How to place punctuation marks in the first sentence of the contract containing designations of the contracting parties?

The correct punctuation in this phrase is: State Enterprise “Communication”, hereinafter referred to as the “Enterprise”, represented by General Director Popovich Alexander Mikhailovich, acting on the basis of the Charter, on the one hand, and a citizen of the Russian Federation Babkin Ivan Vasilyevich , hereinafter referred to as the “Employee”, on the other hand, have entered into this agreement on the following…

do not require punctuation marks.

Do I need a comma after the words “Sincerely” at the end of a business letter?

It is customary to put a comma after the words “With respect”, despite the fact that the spelling rules do not regulate this case.

For example, correct:
Sincerely,
Chief Accountant of LLC “Sea Landscape”
D.