Reference titles: Titles – APA 7th Edition Style Guide
The 8 Best People to Choose as Job References
So, you have a good feeling you’re going to nail your interview! But after the interview, your potential employer will likely request references. To prepare, you sit down to compile your list of references, but your mind goes blank!
Many people struggle to draft their winning line-up when creating a list of job references, even after several part-time jobs and years spent developing professional relationships. But we’re here to help! Consider these eight people when making your reference list.
1. Recent Bosses
Current or previous employers can speak best about your work ethic. Leaving your former boss off your reference list — even if your former boss wasn’t so great! — can give the impression there’s a reason you didn’t want your future employer to contact them.
Additionally, always explain why you didn’t include your employer if you’ve chosen to leave them off your list of references. For instance, maybe you don’t want your current boss to know you’re looking for a new job. If that’s the case, include at least one other person from your current job.
2. Coworkers
If you don’t get along with your boss, use a coworker who is familiar with your work and worked directly with you. A work friend who doesn’t understand your job responsibilities won’t give the professional reference you need.
3. Professors
Professors teaching in a field related to the job you’re applying to make great references, and most are happy to help. However, your professor may not feel comfortable acting as your reference if they haven’t gotten to know you personally. Make the effort to guarantee the professor you respect knows you as more than a face in the classroom.
4. Friends… But Only if They’re a Professional Reference
Most of the time, it’s best to leave your friends off your list of references. However, there are two occasions when using a friend as your reference can be acceptable:
- They’re currently employed at the business to which you’re applying.
- They were your supervisor.
Other than those two instances, it’s best to avoid using friends as references when applying for a job.
5. Group Members
You probably worked on semester-long group projects while finishing your degree. Use your group members as references — just as long as you’re sure you pulled your weight during the project!
6. Any Place You’ve Volunteered
People you volunteer for can be excellent references. Plus, volunteering can impress the hiring manager! It can demonstrate your willingness to go beyond what is expected of you and even increase your chances of being hired by 27%, according to the Corporation of National and Community Service!
7. The Person You Babysat for or Whose Lawn You Mowed Every Summer
Think about the odd jobs you had while in high school and when you were home from college. A reference you’ve known for years can let employers know you have a strong history of consistent work ethic.
8. High School Teacher or Coach
Using a high school teacher or coach you’ve maintained contact with over the years can be a great resource if you’re short on references. Teachers and coaches often act as mentors throughout high school and into your early adult life. While they may not be able to give a thorough glimpse into your professional background, educators and coaches you were close to can help provide clarity into your merit as an individual.
While providing references is an important step in the interview process, it doesn’t guarantee you a job offer. Keep your options open and your job search going by finding open positions near you on Glassdoor.
What Does “Title for Job References” Mean? | Work
By Lisa McQuerrey Updated June 27, 2018
When you’re filling out a job application or crafting a resume, the titles you note, whether for yourself, those you report to, or those you are using as personal and professional references, all hold meaning for the employer.
Titles are a good indication of the roles and responsibilities they are associated with, and as such, can carry a good deal of weight.
Why Titles Matter
Titles describe not only the role and responsibility of the person they’re associated with, they also demonstrate the level of achievement one has in their profession. Promotions often come with title changes to signify an elevated status. Being able to demonstrate this, whether in your own resume entries, or by highlighting the qualifications and status of those serving as your references, can elevate your standing with potential employers.
Your Own Titles
It’s critical to include your title and job description in each of your resume entries. This is particularly important with a chronological resume, in which you can demonstrate that you incrementally advanced upward in subsequent job changes. If a title is nebulous, like the generic “manager,” or extra creative, such as “marketing guru,” you’ll need to be exceptionally descriptive in your summary of responsibilities, to demonstrate the significance of the title.
Those You Report To
Just as important as the title you hold, is the title of the person you reported to in different roles. For example, being a project manager who reports to the company president is more impressive, at least in the eyes of potential employers, than being a project manager who reports to a department director. Being able to elevate yourself through your association with higher ups in your industry demonstrates you’ve earned the trust of people in authority.
Titles of References
The titles of people serving as your references or providing letters of recommendation can be an asset to you professionally. For example, if the CEO of a company is willing to speak on your behalf, it demonstrates that you are highly thought of by upper management. The same holds true, even for personal letters of reference. If the head of a business or industry association is willing to tout your credentials or write about your personal integrity and loyalty, it tells employers you’re someone who has earned the trust of others.
Of course, titles mean different things in different organizations. A supervisor title in one industry could actually be an entry-level role, while in another, it could mean that you’re someone who runs the whole show. As such, always highlight your associated responsibilities, especially when it comes to having decision-making authority, project or budget oversight or managing others.
References
- Fast Company: Why Your Title Means a Lot More Than You Think
Writer Bio
Lisa McQuerrey has been an award-winning writer and author for more than 25 years. She specializes in business, finance, workplace/career and education. Publications she’s written for include Southwest Exchange and InBusiness Las Vegas.
Reader Engaging Headlines – Writer’s Handbook
Reader Engagement Headlines – Writer’s Handbook
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Where do we use headings and subheadings?
We use headings and subheadings
- in articles both online and in print media,
- on sites,
- in non-fiction books.
In the latter case, they also appear in the table of contents.
We write headings and subheadings not for the sake of beauty or fashion, but because they make life easier for our readers. Thanks to them, people quickly find the information they need and do not waste time on what they do not need at the moment.
What is the difference between a good headline and a bad headline?
Because it serves as a kind of road sign in a sea of information. So a good headline should be short, simple and informative.
A bad title does not provide the necessary information and confuses the reader even more. For example, the “Next” button on the site menu is a bad title. Where next? What for?
And a completely different thing – the button “Books” or “Recipes”. It is immediately clear what is where.
In articles, a bad headline might look like this: “Knowledge Necessary for Every Writer.” Yes, this knowledge is mountains! What exactly is the article about?
It is much better to write “How to start a novel” or “The first sentence in a book”.
Attention-grabbing headlines
If we want to grab readers’ attention, we need to promise them something useful and/or interesting.
To come up with a good headline, we need to decide: is this information the person is looking for? If yes, then we clearly indicate in the title: this information is here . For example:
How to cook crabs
Attention-grabbing headlines
If a person is just leafing through a magazine or surfing the Web hoping to find something interesting, then we will be able to attract his attention:
- with news that is related to him,
- promise of strong emotions,
- with the promise of “domestic use”.
For example, the reader did not think to specifically look for 15 ways to whiten teeth at home, but since the title has already caught your eye, why not scroll through the article?
More examples:
From January 1, the tariff for XXX will be lowered.
Angelina Jolie’s daughter dreams of becoming a boy.
A man fell from the 15th floor and survived.
Target audience
First of all, we must focus on the target audience. Who should read our article? Professional copywriters? Subway drivers? Mothers of children aged three to five?
If we clearly know for whom we are writing, we make the headline something that is important to our audience.
The baby has a stomachache. What to do?
If we are writing for the general public, then we need to appeal to common needs for all: health, sex, food, security, position in society.
Headlines for the educated and the uneducated
If your audience is simple people, without education, then most likely their work is from the “take more, throw more” series. This means that their emotional needs will be satisfied not through creativity and climbing the career ladder, but through intra-family squabbles and other people’s news.
Titles from the series “What happened to Angelina’s lips? I’m shocked!” It’s just for this category of people.
People with an education, as a rule, have ambitions (otherwise they would not receive this education), and they are more interested not in other people’s lips, but in improving their own life – in all its aspects.
Pins:
If we need to hook the “common people”, we promise them shock, awe, intimate details and proof that the rich also cry.
If we need to hook a more educated public, we show that you have prepared something VALUABLE for them.
Cunning tricks
There are a few clever tricks that can help draw attention to the headline.
1. You promise the reader structured information. Those. it is clear from the title that you have already done work on systematizing the information and giving it in a “chewed form”.
What to wear for the New Year?
10 most beautiful corners of the planet
2.
You promise that you will give the reader something more than “just text”. Video, instructions, etc.
How to write a novel. step by step plan
3. You make it clear who your text is for.
How to name a book. Tips for novice fantasy writers.
Successful and unsuccessful subheadings
When we write subheadings, we must follow an internal logic. The same goes for sections on your site.
Subheadings should lead the reader in a certain direction. For example:
- How to write a book
- How to publish a book
- How to advertise a book
If I had inserted the subtitle “Interview with Elvira Baryakina” in the middle, then the internal logic would have been violated.
Moreover, the interview itself is of no interest to anyone, it is necessary to clearly indicate what will be discussed. After all, I can talk about gardening in California, and about the plot in historical novels.
You need to track not only the reader’s path through your text (or site), but also the consistency of subheadings with each other. It is not good if one subheading looks like “The shape of chicken eggs”, and the other “How Ivan Petrovich started his first laying hen”. It is much better if all subheadings are made in the same style.
The most important thing in subheadings
You need to decide in advance what function your subheadings should serve. If their main task is to show the reader what and where lies, then the most important part should come first:
Not “How to do French manicure at home”, but “French manicure at home”.
When the reader scans the table of contents or text, he should easily find the information he needs – literally in the first two words.
Remember that in most cases people first skim through an article, read the headings and subheadings, and only then decide whether they will read this article or not. Therefore, in the subheadings, we should have phrases that either hint that something interesting is hidden in the main text, or explain in plain text: what is it about.
See an example of enticing subheadings just above. And an example of an explanatory title looks like this:
Alexander is the most popular male name in Moscow.
In this way, we will be able to convey key facts to the reader, even if he does not read the entire article.
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Anti-spam message headers – Office 365
E-mail address
- Article
- Reading takes 9 minutes
Tip
Did you know that you can try features in Microsoft 365 Defender for Office 365 Plan 2 for free? Use the 90-day trial of Defender for Office 365 in the Microsoft 365 Defender Portal Trial Center.
For information about who can register and the terms of the trial, see here.
Scope
- Exchange Online Protection
- Microsoft Defender for Office 365 (Plan 1 and Plan 2)
- Microsoft 365 Defender
In all Microsoft 365 organizations, Exchange Online Protection (EOP) scans all incoming messages for spam, malware, and other threats. The results of these checks are added to the fields of the following message headers.
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X-Forefront-Antispam-Report : Contains information about the message and how it was processed.
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X-Microsoft-Antispam : Provides additional information about bulk email and phishing.
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Authentication-results : Contains information about the results of SPF, DKIM, and DMARC authentications.
This article describes the content of these header fields.
For information about how to view email message headers in different email clients, see View Internet Message Headers in Outlook.
Tip
You can copy and paste the contents of a message header into the Message Header Parser tool. This tool helps parse headings and convert them into a more readable format.
After obtaining information about the header of the message, look for header X-Forefront-Antispam-Report . This header contains several pairs of fields with their values, separated by a semicolon (;). For example:
...CTRY:;LANG:hr;SCL:1;SRV:;IPV:NLI;SFV:NSPM;PTR:;CAT:NONE;SFTY:;...
The individual fields and values are described in the table below.
Note.
The X-Forefront-Antispam-Report header contains many different fields and values. Fields not listed in the table are used exclusively by the Microsoft anti-spam team for diagnostic purposes.
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
ARC |
In protocol ARC has the following fields:
|
CIP:[IP address] |
IP address to connect to. This IP address can be used in the list of allowed or blocked IP addresses. For more information, see Configuring connection filtering. |
CTRY |
Source country, determined by the connected IP address, which may be different from the sender IP address. |
H:[helostring] |
The HELO or EHLO string of the connected mail server. |
IPV:CAL |
The message missed spam filtering because the source IP address was in the list of allowed IP addresses. For more information, see Configuring connection filtering. |
IPV:NLI |
The IP address was not in the IP address reputation list. |
LANG |
The language in which the message is written, as indicated by the country/region code (for example, ru_RU for Russian). |
PTR:[ReverseDNS] |
The PTR record (also called reverse DNS lookup) of the source IP address. |
SCL |
The spam confidence level (SCL) message. The higher the value, the more likely the message is spam. For more information, see Spam Clarity (SCL). |
SFTY |
Message identified as phishing and flagged with one of the following values:
|
SFV:BLK |
The message was blocked without filtering because it was sent from an address in the user’s blocked senders list.
For more information about how administrators can manage a custom blocked senders list, see Configure spam options in Exchange Online mailboxes. |
SFV:NSPM |
The message was marked as non-spam by the spam filter and sent to the specified recipients. |
SFV:SFE |
The message was skipped without filtering because it was sent from an address in the user’s safe senders list.
For more information about how administrators can manage a user’s safe senders list, see Configure spam options in Exchange Online mailboxes. |
SFV:SKA |
The message was sent to the Inbox without spam filtering applied because the sender is in the allowed senders list or the domain is in the allowed domains list of the anti-spam policy. For more information, see Configure anti-spam policies. |
SFV:SKB |
The message was marked as spam because its parameters matched an entry in the blocked senders list or in the blocked domains list of the anti-spam policy. For more information, see Configure anti-spam policies. |
SFV:SKI |
As with SFV:SKN, the message was not spam filtered for some other reason (for example, it was sent within the customer’s organization). |
SFV:SKN |
The message was marked as non-spam before being processed by the spam filter. For example, the message was marked SCL-1 or Do not use spam filtering on the mail flow rule. |
SFV:SKQ |
The message was released from the quarantine and sent to the specified recipients. |
SFV:SKS |
The message was marked as spam before being processed by the spam filter. For example, a message has been marked by a mail flow rule as SCL-5 through SCL-9. |
SFV:SPM |
The message was marked as spam by the spam filter. |
SRV:BULK |
The message was identified as a mass mailing as a result of spam filtering and the Bulk Complaint Level (BCL) threshold. If parameter MarkAsSpamBulkMail is set to On (enabled by default), the bulk mail message is marked as spam (SCL 6). For more information, see Configure anti-spam policies. |
X-CustomSpam: [ASFOption] |
The message has a parameter that matches one of the Advanced Spam Filtering (ASF) options. For information on how to find the value of the X-Header for each of the ASF options, see Advanced Spam Filter (ASF) Options. |
20. User impersonation. The sending user is attempting to impersonate a user in the recipient’s organization or a protected user specified in the Microsoft Defender for Office 365 anti-phishing policy. A security tip regarding user impersonation (if enabled) will be added to the message. The following table describes the required fields in the X-Microsoft-Antispam message header. The other fields in this header are for diagnostic purposes and are used exclusively by the Microsoft anti-spam team.
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
BCL |
Number of complaints about the bulk mail (BCL) messages. A higher BCL indicates that the bulk message will often generate complaints (and therefore more likely to be spam). For more information, see Bulk Email Rejection Threshold (BCL). |
Email authentication results for SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are recorded in the Authentication-results header of incoming messages.
The following list shows the text that is added to the Authentication-results header for each email message authentication type.
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SPF uses the following syntax.
spf=
smtp.mailfrom= For example:
spf=pass (sender IP is 192.168.0.1) smtp.mailfrom=contoso.com spf=fail (sender IP is 127.0.0.1) smtp.mailfrom=contoso.com
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DKIM uses the following syntax.
dkim=
For example:
dkim=pass (signature was verified) header.d=contoso.com dkim=fail (body hash did not verify) header.d=contoso.com
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DMARC uses the following syntax.
dmarc=
For example:
dmarc=pass action=none header.from=contoso.com dmarc=bestguesspass action=none header.from=contoso.com dmarc=fail action=none header.from=contoso.com dmarc=fail action=oreject header.
from=contoso.com
from=contoso.com
This table contains the fields and possible values for each type of email message authentication.
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
action |
Specifies the action to be taken by the spam filter based on the results of a DMARC scan. For example:
|
compauth |
Multi-factor authentication result. Used in Microsoft 365 to combine different types of authentication, such as SPF, DKIM, DMARC, or another part of a message, to determine if a message has been authenticated. The “From:” domain is used as the basis for evaluation. |
dkim |
Describes the results of checking a message using DKIM. Possible values:
|
dmarc |
Describes the results of checking a message using DMARC. Possible values:
|
header.d |
Specifies the domain specified in the DKIM signature, if any. This is the domain from which the public key is requested. |
header.from |
The domain specified in the address 5322.From in the message header (“sender address” or “P2 sender”). The recipient sees the sender’s address in email clients. |
reason |
Reason for success or failure of multi-factor authentication. The value is a 3-digit code. For example:
|
smtp.mailfrom |
Address domain 5321. (for example, “sender address”, “P1 sender”, or “envelope sender”). This is the email address that is used in NDRs (NDR messages or bounce messages). |
spf |
Describes the results of checking a message using the Sender Policy Framework. Possible values:
|
This means that the message failed DMARC validation and should be quarantined according to policy, but the “pct” field was not set to 100% and the system inadvertently determined that the DMARC action should not be applied. 
MailFrom 