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The story of the “hippie trail” – the legendary route from the west

The story of the “hippie trail” – the legendary route from the west | Perito

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Publication date 01/28/2019

Backpack, spirituality, hashish and the origins of what is now called backpacking.

Pavlo Morkovkin

text

Half a century ago, thousands of young people traveled between Europe and Hindustan in search of spiritual enlightenment, light drugs and new experiences. This route was called the “hippie trail” and gave rise to modern backpacking

This was when we left home

The first backpackers and hitchhikers appeared long before the “hippie trail”. Advanced youth from Western Europe traveled to the Middle East as early as the 1950s, and it is not surprising that gradually their routes began to go further into Asia. But it was the “hippie trail” that made independent budget tourism mass.

In 1957 Jack Kerouac’s autobiographical novel On the Road, which became a cult classic, was published in the United States. A year later, his own book, Dharma Tramps, was published, giving birth to the “great backpack revolution” meme.

“Look, bums with knapsacks fill the world, Dharma vagabonds,” says one of the characters in the novel. “They don’t subscribe to the general demand to consume food and thereby work for the right to consume, why the hell are they all this shit, refrigerators, TVs, cars, at least new luxury cars, all these shampoos, deodorants, all this rubbish that doesn’t care in a week it will be in the garbage, to hell with this whole system of enslavement: work, produce, consume, work, produce, consume.

Covers of Dharma Bums

Kerouac certainly wasn’t the first to write about escaping from everyday life and wandering with backpacks – take a hobo from Jack London’s stories, for example. But in the 1960s, the romanticized image of the marginal traveler was supplemented by public interest in Eastern religions and spiritual practices, countercultural movements, and the prospect of American guys being drafted and sent to Vietnam.

In 1962-1963 Beat icon poet Allen Ginsberg traveled through India, stopping in Calcutta and Varanasi. At 1970th in the United States came out his “Indian Diaries” – travel notes, poems and reflections made during this trip. In 1968, The Beatles came to Indian Rishikesh to their guru to practice transcendental meditation and write songs. As a result, the musicians quarreled with the guru, but this visit was so widely covered in the press that India and Hinduism received good PR. It was after these two events that the number of travelers to this country increased dramatically.

Beatles in Rishikesh, India

Not hippies, but overlanders

In the early years of its formation, the route was called Asia Overland, or simply The Overland. “The trip of your life,” travel companies often added, taking passengers from Europe to India and Nepal. The term “hippie trail” appeared much later and, most likely, thanks to local journalists, and not travelers – the latter, for the most part, did not consider themselves hippies. If it was necessary to somehow identify themselves, they rather used the words “beatniks”, “freaks” (in English it has two other meanings similar to our “fan” and “informal”), “overlanders” or simply “travelers” and backpackers.

People who have traveled along the trail claim that hippies were generally a minority of overlanders. This seems to be true, because among the many travel reports, only a few are written by hippies. Although, perhaps, the flower children simply gained enlightenment in India or reincarnated into other bodies, having gone too far with substances, and they have no time for writing memoirs.

But among the motley crowd of overlanders, the hippies stood out especially strongly, and not always positively. It was this category of travelers who constantly got into amazing stories: they were left without money, overstayed their visas, traveled without a ticket and got into the police for possession of drugs.

“The local kids were always shouting ‘Hippies’ to us. I think that’s how we should have been identified. Some—myself included—looked the same: long hair, mustaches, and so on. But I think for the most part we were just middle-class kids and we just wanted to see the world before real life hits us,” the authors of The Hippie Trail: A History quote one of the travelers.

Mountains of Afghanistan (1968)

People went to India for a variety of reasons. Some were looking for enlightenment and wished to find themselves through overcoming the difficulties of the road. For such, the “hippie trail” was akin to a pilgrimage. And here the halo of stories about sacred knowledge, yoga, meditation and other spiritual spiritualities surrounding India came in handy. Arriving in India, such people immediately began to look for a guru. Some of them remained to live in Asia, settling in religious communities. Although most simply returned home and became ordinary inhabitants.

Buddhism and Hinduism in the West were not only known, but also quite popular. However, a significant part of the “hippie trail” passed through Muslim countries: Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan. At least one case is known when on the way one of the overlanders converted to Islam and even later became an imam. But this is an exception to the rule.

The main interest was not enlightenment

The rest of the travelers had much more mundane goals. Some were interested in exotic culture and historical monuments. Others just wanted to break out of their home routine and have fun on vacation or vacation.

But whatever brings the traveler down the “hippie trail”, for almost everyone, drugs were one of their top priorities. “I was not a hippie,” recalls one of the overlanders. “In fact, I didn’t even get drunk the whole way. But it was simply impossible to protect yourself from passive smoking.”

Speaking of nationality, most of the travelers came from capitalist countries: USA, Canada, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Our former compatriots were not on the trail for obvious reasons: in those years, not all Soviet people could freely travel even in their own country, and there was no question of foreign countries. However, some in Eastern Europe were more fortunate, and at least a few backpackers from Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia went to India and left written evidence of this.

Hit the road: Hippie Trail

The Hippie Trail did not have a strictly defined route and mandatory points, like some pilgrimage route. Its meaning was not so much in visiting specific places, but in traveling as such. The point of departure depended on the person’s home country. Residents of Western Europe started right from home. In Paris, London or Amsterdam they were joined by Americans and Canadians who had flown in from across the ocean. Australians and New Zealanders reached Hindustan from the southeast, and then continued on their way to London. Americans and Europeans also often did not stop at India, but went further – to Sydney. Thus, the basis of the “hippie trail” was made up of six countries: Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Nepal, but in general it was part of a longer London-Sydney backpacker route.

Past the socialist countries

This route was formed under the influence of geographical and geopolitical restrictions. On three sides, the route was limited by the oceans, and in the north was the Soviet Union. In those years, it was easy to get from the socialist countries only to Yugoslavia and Bulgaria. A trip to the USSR had its own specifics and was not very suitable for independent travelers. Therefore, most of the overlanders did not bother with this and traveled around one sixth of the land side.

American Ira Cohen Kerem talks about her trip to Leningrad and Moscow in the early 1970s: “In order to get a USSR visa, we had to buy train tickets to and from the country and book hotels in the cities where we would be staying. Everything was organized by Intourist. We asked to book cheap hotels for us, but they gave us expensive hotels for foreigners. The rooms were huge. We joked that even in the toilet, the three of us could easily sleep in our sleeping bags. We were in workers’ paradise, but we slept in the most luxurious places in my entire two-year trip. When we arrived from Moscow to Warsaw, we felt much freer. We stayed in the houses of the locals, we hitchhiked – in the USSR we could not do this.”

Bus with “overlanders” in Austria

From Turkey to Iran sometimes got not directly, but capturing other Middle Eastern countries: Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq. They did not go further into Egypt – this would mean making too much a detour. However, travelers did not ignore Africa. There was an alternative hippy-exotic-hashish direction – Morocco. Celebrities also promoted it at one time: Jimi Hendrix visited Essaouira, and Allen Ginsberg visited Tangier before India.

Western Europe was passed in a few days, although there were many more borders than now. Yugoslavia followed next – there were just fewer borders. They preferred to enter Turkey through Greece. Firstly, it was much more interesting than Bulgaria, and secondly, Bulgaria was a country of the socialist camp with its own atmosphere. And the border checks were paranoid. Briton Steve Abrams recalls how, in 1968, Bulgarian border guards at the entrance interrogated him and fellow travelers for more than an hour and searched the car, because they mistook advertising brochures in German for anti-communist leaflets.

View from the room of the Intourist Hotel (1974)

In the travel book A Season in Heaven: True Tales from the Road to Kathmandu, overlander Carlo di Paoli says that hitchhiking was banned in Bulgaria, and hippies had to shorten their hair before entering to the country. The compiler of the collection, David Tomori, also visited Bulgaria. “I went through Bulgaria because it seemed to me a shorter route, and I was beaten by border guards because I had no money,” he shared his impressions. “It seems wrong when the communists beat you up for not being rich enough.”

“The first thing you notice about Bulgaria is how backward it is,” recalls Derek Aimee, a tour bus driver from London to Kathmandu in 1973. — The roads are empty, and the main traffic is horse teams. We needed food, so we went to a shop on the main street. People definitely didn’t see many tourists in their lives, but they didn’t even look in our direction. As if we didn’t exist at all. The store seemed normal until you noticed that on the shelves, jars of fruit and vegetables were lined up in a row to create a sense of fullness. There was no bread, cheese or meat at all. We found some potatoes, but they were soft and very unattractive. The bread was supposed to be delivered tomorrow, but no one knew when. But there was a lot of alcohol, so we decided to take something to drink to make up for the lack of food. In the morning we arrived in Sofia. She looked better, there was some life here, but almost no one was smiling. The country is very beautiful, but everywhere there is poverty and distrust, bordering on fear, towards foreigners.”

Istanbul (1969)
Bulgaria (1970)

The classic part of the route

The classic version of the “hippie trail” started in Istanbul. Everyone crossed Europe in his own way, and only Yugoslavia and partly Greece turned out to be countries that could not be bypassed. But it was Istanbul that became the bottleneck that gathered all the overlanders in one place. In addition, it was here that Asia began and a completely different world – the Muslim countries. From here, some people moved south to Lebanon, which was famous throughout the Middle East for its hashish, but the majority continued east to Iran.

Overlander group in Cappadocia
Istanbul (1960s)
Istanbul (1960s)

Now Iran is known as an Islamic state with strict laws, but at the time of the popularity of the “hippie trail” in the country there was secular power. However, Iranian society, even before the 1979 Islamic Revolution, was very religious. Tehran, according to the descriptions of the overlanders, was a fairly modern city, but at the same time they were surprised that even in the capital, couples did not hold hands in public, and there were almost no women on the streets.

The fact that the government was secular also did not mean that the citizens had much freedom. “Iran is a repressive police state. Pass it quickly, ”Rory McLean, one of the travelers, quotes in the book Magic Bus. Consciously or not, but many followed this recommendation and, ignoring Isfahan, and Yazd, and the ruins of Persepolis, crossed Iran along the shortest route Tabriz-Tehran-Mashhad in order to quickly get to Afghanistan.

Iran (1960s)
Iran (1960s)
Iran (1960s)
Magic Bus Somewhere in Iran (1966)

“A delightful and crazy country – vast uninhabited deserts, historic old cities and – most importantly – proud and noble locals. How else can you describe them if they clearly understand that no money or material values ​​​​can replace you for being born in a country other than their wonderful country, ”Across Asia on the Cheap described Afghanistan in 1973 like this. , the author of which was an unknown Tony Wheeler, the future creator of Lonely Planet.

Read related: Lonely Planet: the history of the world’s most famous travel guides

Afghanistan was a very popular part of the route, even though it could be bypassed from Iran to Pakistan. If drugs were strictly prohibited in Turkey and Iran, then in Afghanistan a significant part of the population used hashish itself. And especially after the Iranian police officer, Afghanistan surprised with freedom.

Afghanistan (1970s)
Afghanistan (1970s)

The only thing that haunted the Westerners was gender segregation. And there was some irony in this, because some travelers left home because they considered the customs in their homeland too conservative. But in the end, trying to escape the control of Church and state, they ended up in places where there are even stricter rules than in Western countries.

Afghanistan (1970s)

Afghanistan was followed by Pakistan, which was mostly transited. The exception was perhaps the Swat valley in the north-west of the country. Famous for its hashish, it became a place where many overlanders stopped by for several weeks.

India and Nepal were the end points of the route for most. It was impossible to go further east by land because of the closed borders with China and Burma. I had to fly to Australia and Southeast Asia by plane. Some travelers turned around and returned home, while others remained in Asia for months. Hippie communities sprang up all over Hindustan. In winter, they moved to the ocean, and in summer they traveled closer to the Himalayas.

How did the overlanders get around, communicate with their relatives and get visas?

The whole journey from Europe to the Indian subcontinent took two to three months. Passed it in several ways.

The first – the most prosaic – get on your own with numerous transfers , combining buses, trains and, if desired, hitchhiking.

The second – the most comfortable – is own transport . Many used the legendary hippie basses for this purpose – Volkswagen minibuses of the T1 and T2 models.

Third – BlaBlaCar in the pre-digital era. Travelers, using advertisements or word of mouth, found drivers with a car or fellow travelers who agreed to share the cost of gasoline. For those who knew how to drive, there was another option: find people driving cars to Iran and drive part of the way, consider in your own car.

The fourth – for people with strong buttocks – is an organized bus trip , in fact – package tourism. Travel companies offered tours from Europe to India and Nepal. The first The Indiaman bus connecting London with the former colony departed at 1957 year. And in the following years, thanks to the growth of the economy and increased demand, many companies offering similar services appeared

The journey, which, depending on the route, was from eight to ten thousand kilometers, was covered by passengers in 10-14 weeks. Some advertising brochures of that period did not even indicate the exact dates: often the bus broke down on some mountain road, and passengers could wait a couple of days until the driver gets to civilization and gets the necessary spare part. For such a long time, tourists managed to get to know each other, make friends, quarrel, make peace, and now on the forums dedicated to overland travel, they post lists of passengers and look for former fellow travelers.

Magic Bus (1970s)
Magic Bus (1970s)
In this car, Bruce Thomas and his friends drove from Australia to England

Before the invention of the Internet, word of mouth was the source of the latest information. In the most important cities of the route, places appeared where travelers gathered, shared news, and looked for fellow travelers, drivers and passengers.

In Istanbul, the Lale restaurant, also known as the Pudding Shop, has become such a location. His bulletin board was steadily covered in several layers of paper, and the surrounding streets were lined with hippie basses heading east. The owner of the establishment liked to tell the story of how he once borrowed a chair from a restaurant to a bus driver who did not have seats for everyone.

Travelers on their way to India usually stayed in the same hotels in the same districts – probably following the recommendations of more experienced comrades, and then themselves giving advice to newcomers. As a result, entire backpacker districts with the appropriate infrastructure were formed in all major cities: it was possible to spend the night inexpensively, eat, exchange currency and buy drugs.

For a long time there were practically no written sources of information. It was possible to find guidebooks for the region, but they were all designed for a wealthy public and were not at all suitable for budget travel. One of the main books for overlanders was the travelogue “Full Tilt: Ireland to India with a Bicycle” by the Irish traveler Dervla Murphy, who cycled along the classic “hippie trails” route at 1963 year.

Lale Restaurant, also known as Pudding Shop

In the early 1970s, demand created supply, and guides specifically for backpackers began to appear. In 1970 London’s informal information center BIT produced the first guidebook for overland travel to India. It was updated regularly and over the next ten years became the most popular applied literature among overlanders. A few years later, several more guides were published on both sides of the Atlantic. Their compilers are both travel companies and ordinary enthusiastic travelers. Among the latter were the spouses Tony and Maureen Wheeler, authors of the guidebook “Across Asia on the Cheap”. They did not stop at one edition and two years later published their other book – “Southeast Asia on a Shoestring”. Thus began the story of the Lonely Planet backpacker’s bible.

In the absence of the Internet and mobile phones, communication with the homeland on the road was maintained mainly by mail. Travelers wrote from local post offices, and relatives sent poste restante letters to some city along the route.

Australian with Lonely Planet guide (1975)

In those years, the first ATMs were just beginning to appear on city streets. And of course, these cities were not in Afghanistan or India. Therefore, the money was mostly carried in cash. An alternative was traveler’s checks – securities that could be bought at a bank in one country and cashed abroad. The advantage of checks was that they could be restored if lost, and no one but the owner could cash them at the bank.

The situation with visas did not fundamentally differ from today’s. It was easier to get visas for developing countries like Afghanistan or Pakistan in general than now – it could be done even on the road. Pakistan was generally visa-free for citizens of some European countries, and the British, in addition, were free to travel to India. But it was not without bureaucratic insanity. So, it was advised to get an Afghan visa before an Iranian one, and an Iranian visa before applying for an Iraqi visa. Because the officials of these states wanted to make sure that the traveler really intended to leave their country. As for the developed countries, the situation with them has not changed for half a century: as now, they wanted to make sure that the tourist was able to pay. Therefore, it was recommended to dress neater for a visit to the Singaporean embassy and lie when answering a question about the amount of money.

This is what the passport of a typical traveler on the “hippie trail” looked like

The hippie trail passed through countries in which armed clashes are taking place today: Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan. Fifty years ago, the situation in them was completely different, but it cannot be said that the path to India was absolutely safe. Conflicts between Arabs and Israel, Kurds and Iraq, Greece and Turkey, India and Pakistan forced to change the travel route, sometimes right on the road. Southeast Asia was also not so friendly: there were no people who wanted to go to warring Vietnam or Cambodia.

Ordinary crime has not disappeared. A lone foreigner could easily become a victim of scammers or robbers, and the crime rate was very high in some regions. In Afghan Herat, for example, a curfew was even introduced at night. Dervla Murphy told how during the trip she was attacked by wolves, they tried to rape her and almost stole her bicycle. The Irish woman was saved by a pistol taken on the road, but following her example is not the best decision now.

The most epic episode of those years was the story of serial killer Charles Sobhraj. Saigon native killed at least 12 Western tourists in Nepal, India and Thailand to get their money and documents. Charles served over 20 years in India and is now serving a life sentence in Nepal. But this, of course, is an extraordinary case, by which it is completely impossible to judge the criminogenic situation in the whole region.

As is the case today, problems were often created by those in power who were supposed to solve them. If an independent overlander could avoid unpleasant meetings with the police and officials, then employees of transport companies were less lucky. Tourist bus drivers constantly paid money at checkpoints, regardless of whether they violated any laws or not.

Tent camp on the border of Lebanon and Syria

What really got better in the countries of the route is the epidemiological situation. During the hippie days, some infections were so common that another nickname for the trail in the media was “hashish and hepatitis road.” To visit Asian countries, it was necessary to have a certificate of vaccination against cholera, smallpox and typhoid. There were periods when the Iranian authorities set up quarantine camps on their eastern border, and those who returned home from India by land had the good fortune to spend several days there.

Drugs on the “hippie trail” were one of the most important everyday issues. Hashish influenced the formation of the route as much as geopolitical and geographical factors. Swat, Kashmir, Kathmandu – all these places attracted crowds of young people not at all with architectural sights, many overlanders were not very familiar with the history and culture of the countries they were passing through.

Even the guidebooks of that time wrote where to get drugs and where you should be careful because of the tough laws. Such advice is rare these days. True, the Lonely Planet publishing house continues to take care of its readers and sometimes takes a few lines to the topic of drugs in its phrasebooks. Now in a foreign country, you can always ask a local interlocutor where to get hashish, or explain that “I’m stoned” killed you.

In Turkey and Iran, the transport of drugs was prosecuted and the police were very suspicious of European tourists. Iranian border guards were particularly thorough in searching Europeans returning from the east. At the exit from Afghanistan to Iran, there was an incredibly touching announcement from Afghan border guards: “If you have drugs with you, it’s better to get rid of them right away, because we will find them anyway. If we don’t find it, the Iranians will find it, and then God help you, baby!”

Original photo caption: I traveled the hippie trail with three buddies: two Americans and one Swiss. Two were heavily addicted to hashish, and two developed hepatitis.
Afghanistan (1970s)

Afghanistan was the complete opposite of Turkey and Iran. “Paradise for hippies,” the Swiss Hanspeter shared his impressions in the film “Hippie Masala”. — Drugs without borders. Dream”. Stories of Afghan border guards and customs officers offering hashish as a welcome gift are not uncommon. And it’s probably not worth talking about how easy it was to get hashish inside the country. At 19In 73, under pressure from the United States, the Afghan authorities began to fight drugs, and now even use in this country is punishable. However, thousands of years of tradition are not so easy to break, and smoking in Afghanistan is not a problem at all.

India and Nepal were also drug meccas for European tourists. Until 1973, hashish was not only legal in Nepal, but also sold in licensed government stores. Then everything developed almost according to the Afghan scenario: a ban initiated by the States and criminal articles. But, as in Afghanistan, the strictness of the laws is offset by the fact that they are not enforceable.

Nepal (1978)
Hashish shop in Nepal (1978)
Nepal (1978)

Hippie ending: regime change, civil wars and cheap flights

Political changes and armed conflicts in Asian countries were the main reason why mass travel along the trail stopped.

Afghanistan was the first to fall off the route. In 1978, there was a coup d’etat, followed by a civil war and the invasion of the Soviet army. In 1979, Iran experienced a regime change: instead of a secular shah, an Islamic clergy came to power. A year later, the Iran-Iraq war began. Buses from Europe traveled to India for some time, bypassing Afghanistan. But Iran was increasingly reluctant to issue visas to Europeans. There was no talk of Americans and Canadians at all: the new government was extremely anti-Western. In Europe, the unrest in Yugoslavia also affected the travel itinerary.

At the same time, the hippie movement began to decline. On the other hand, plane tickets were rapidly becoming cheaper and more accessible to more people. Back in the 1970s, the cost of a land – excluding Burma – travel from London to Sydney was roughly equal to the price of a flight on the same route, and now the total cost of visas alone will be more than an air ticket. Many British firms that sent passengers to Hindustan half a century ago are still working, but no longer organize such trips. In 2007, the British company OzBus launched a 12-week London-Sydney bus tour, but neither the tour nor the carrier itself has survived to this day.

India (1971)

Therefore, if your goal is to get to the place, and not have fun on the road, then the plane looks preferable. But there are always exceptions: if you are a Belarusian, agree to hitchhike and don’t eat very often, then you can save a little by going from Istanbul to India by land.

Modern Turkey differs little for a foreigner from Turkey half a century ago. This is the same wonderful visa-free hospitable country, which is full of interesting places and delicious food. In terms of tourism, things have gotten even better. Indeed, now many have the first association with this country – hotels with all inclusive, and until the middle of 19In the 70s, overlanders spent the night on the road in tents. And in Istanbul, you can still visit the Pudding Shop and try the same milk-rice pudding that was served 50 years ago.

Iran (1974)

Lebanon has recovered from 15 years of civil war and is now a popular tourist destination. Civil wars have been going on in Syria and Iraq for almost eight years.

Iran remains an Islamic state, but in recent years the regime has become softer towards both locals and foreigners. The country has greatly simplified the procedure for obtaining visas, and now its main cities are full of Europeans. Tehran street Amir-Kabir, which became in 19The 70s backpacker ghetto still exists, and you can easily find budget accommodation there. True, the most popular Amir Kabir Hotel has closed, and the hotel of the same name operating today in the same area has nothing to do with it.

In Afghanistan, the war continues to this day, which, of course, brought to naught tourism in this country. On Kabul’s Chicken Street, once crowded with travelers, you can hardly meet a European now. But the Mustafa Hotel, warmly recommended by the Across Asia on the Cheap guidebook, is still accepting guests. Now it is not safe to travel by land in all parts of Afghanistan – you have to combine buses with airplanes. And the only way to get to India only by land is the route of the beginning of 1980s with arrival from Iran to Pakistan.

In Pakistan’s Swat valley, hemp bushes are still green in human height. The owners of budget hotels remember the hippie era, but have now either closed their establishments or refocused on local tourists who come in the summer from the south of the country to cool off a little. Modern Pakistan – with the exception of a few regions – is a completely safe country. And now it is only a matter of time when tourists will go there en masse, just like in Iran.

Almost nothing has changed in India and Nepal. The Beatles Ashram in Rishikesh has been restored and last year even hosted an exhibition dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the musicians’ arrival. The house in Varanasi where Allen Ginsberg and his partner Peter Orlovsky rented an apartment is also intact, and is now home to local community organizations. Eden Hashish Center, the oldest hash shop in Kathmandu, lost its license to trade after a government ban, and now a hotel with the same name operates in this premises. Goa remains a popular destination for European downshifters, with backpackers finding budget accommodation and supplies in the same neighborhoods they did 50 years ago: Delhi’s Main Bazaar, Kolkata’s Sudder Street and Kathmandu’s Freak Street.

India (1960s)

What to read about the “hippie trail” and overlanders?

Such a large-scale and long-term phenomenon as the “hippie trail” left a mark on art and a bunch of memoirs of people involved in the route. However, almost all of this information is in English. But you can also find something in Russian:

• Indian Diaries . The same book by Allen Ginsberg. Diaries, poems, reflections and drawings made in 1962-1963. There are travel notes here, but still there is much more author in the book than India.

• “Virgin Earth” . Apparently, the only book translated into Russian by the same traveler Dervla Murphy is about her work and travels in Nepal in 1965.

• Brother and Sister . An Indian remake of the American feature film Psycho Out. A young Indian travels to Nepal to find his sister and discovers her in the company of hippies. There are ridiculous fights, songs and dances – all very Indian and generally funny.

• Wildlife . Biopic about German model and actress Uschi Obermeier. Twenty minutes travel through Pakistan and India on your own bus. The rest of the film is a fashion frenzy with drugs, political protests, free love and The Rolling Stones.

• Road to Kathmandu . Feature film and novel of the same name, which was written based on the picture by its screenwriter René Barjavel. A French youth travels to Kathmandu to find his father and ask him for money. On the way, he falls in love with a drug-addicted hippie. There are a lot of substances and moral decay in the cinema. Sometimes you want to quote Eric Cartman.

• “The Last Resort of the Hippies” , “Hippie Masala: Forever in India” . Two documentaries about hippies living in India since the 1960s and 1970s. The characters talk about their journey to India and modern life. It all looks pretty sad. Eric Cartman wants to quote almost the entire movie.

• “Hitchhiking to Nepal” . Czechoslovakian journalists Stefan Rybar and Ondřej Geima wrote a book about their journey in 1976. Not the most profound report, besides sinning with inaccuracies, but as evidence of the era it is interesting.

• “To India by land, and then we’ll see” . Public of Andrey Manchev, who has been traveling along the “hippie trail” for more than two years. Lots of practical information and occasional excursions into history.

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Publication date 28.01.2019

Pavlo Morkovkin

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Greenville, North Carolina – Wikipedia.

Not to be confused with Greensboro, North Carolina or Greenville, South Carolina.

Greenville is the county seat of the most populous city in Pitt County, North Carolina, United States; principal city of Greenville metropolitan area; and the 11th most populous city in North Carolina. Greenville is the center of health, entertainment, and education in North Carolina. Tidewater and Coastal Plain. 2019 U.S. Census official city populationyear was 93,400 inhabitants. ^[4] while the Greenville metropolitan area has a population of 200,000, making Greenville one of the most populous municipalities in the state. ^[5] In January 2008 and January 2010, Greenville was named one of America’s Promise Alliance’s “100 Best Communities for Youth”. ^{[6] [7]} In June 2012, Greenville was named one of the Top 10 Small Business and Career Places in the Country by Forbes magazine. ^[8] In 2010, Greenville was ranked twenty-fourth in terms of growth and business development in the city center according to Forbes magazine.

The city was also known as “BMX Pro Town USA”, ^[9] as it is home to many top BMX riders. Greenville is the home of East Carolina University, the fourth largest university in the University of North Carolina system, and the Vidant Medical Center, the flagship hospital for Vidant Health and the teaching hospital for the Brodie School of Medicine. The city ranks fifth in the percentage of North Carolina residents—nearly 30 percent—who have earned a bachelor’s degree. ^[11]

19th century

In the early years of Greenville, the River Thar was a navigable waterway; and by the 1860s several steamboat lines were established carrying passengers and goods along the river. Cotton was the leading crop, and Greenville became a major cotton export center. Before the turn of the century, however, tobacco had surpassed cotton as the leading cash crop. Greenville has become one of the leading tobacco marketing and warehousing centers in the state. ^[11]

20th century

For more than a century, Greenville was considered only an important tobacco market and the home of a small public college mapped by the Legislature in March 1907 and named the East Carolina Teachers’ Training School, a coeducational institution. By the mid-1960s, East Carolina College had become the third largest state-supported college, with enrollment approaching 8,000 students—double its 1960 enrollment. In 1967, it became the University of East Carolina. ECU School of Medicine entered its first four-year class at 1977 year. At the turn of the century, ECU enrollment passed the 18,000 mark and now exceeds 29,000 students. ^[12]

Greenville’s current economic development began in 1963 when Empire Brush was recruited into the new Greenville Industrial Park created by Greenville Industries, Inc. (a commercial land holding company) in partnership with the Pitt County Development Commission (established by voter referendum in 1957) and the Greenville Public Utilities Commission. One of the biggest community successes came at 19’68 Burroughs Wellcome, a major pharmaceutical R&D and manufacturing company, had a pharmaceutical development/manufacturing facility near the city. The site is now owned by Pateon, a Thermo Fisher Scientific company with about 1,200 employees. ^[13] The City and County of Pitt is also home to many other major industries and businesses, including the Hyster-Yale Group, Grady-White Boats, Domtar Personal Care, Mayne Pharma, and DENSO (formerly ASMO). Greenville is also home to the world’s largest hammock manufacturer, HammockSource. ^[11]

Tar River flooding after Hurricane Floyd

Hurricane Floyd

Main article: Hurricane Floyd

rain during the hours of its passage. Many residents did not know about the flood until the water hit their homes. Most of the local floods occurred overnight and the Thar River suffered severe flooding exceeding the 500-year flood level in the lower parts. ^[14] An additional 20+ inches of rain fell the previous month due to two passes of Hurricane Dennis.

Damage in Pitt County alone was estimated at $1.6 billion (in 1999 – $1.87 billion in 2006). ^[15] Some residents of Greenville had to swim six feet underwater to reach the front doors of their homes and apartments. Due to severe flooding in downtown Greenville, the East Carolina Pirates were forced to reschedule their football game against #9Miami to North Carolina with Carter-Finley Stadium in Raleigh where they defeated the Hurricanes, 27–23. ^[16]

National Register of Historic Places

B College View Historic District, Dickinson Avenue Historic District, E. B. Ficklen House, James L. Fleming House, Greenville Commercial Historic District, Greenville Tobacco Warehouse Historic District , Green Wreath, Robert Lee Humber House, Jones-Lee House, William H. Longhouse, Jesse R. Moyet House, Oakmont, Pitt County Courthouse, Skinnerville-Greenville Heights Historic District, and US Post Office are listed on the National Register of Historic Places . ^[17]

Geography

Greenville is located at 35°36′6″N. 77°22′21″W / 35.60167°N 77.37250°W / 35.60167; -77.37250 (35.601613, −77.372366). ^[18]

According to the US Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ​​26.3 square miles (68 km ² ), of which 25.6 square miles (66 km ² ) of it is land and 0. 7 square miles (1.8 km ² ) of it (2.59%) is water. It is located on the inner coastal plain.

Like most of the state and all of its lower regions, Greenville has a humid subtropical climate.

Greenville lies within the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Forests ecoregion of the much larger Eastern Temperate Broadleaf Mixed Forests biome.

4

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Climate data for Greenville, NC
Month	Jan	Feb	Apr	82 (28)	104 (40)
Average Maximum ° F (° C)	73 (23)	76 (24)	92 (33)	96 (36)	98 (37)	97 (36)	93 (34)	87 (31)	80 (27)	74 (23)	99 (37)
Medium high °F (°C)	43 (6)	54 (12)	61 (16)	59 (15)	49 (9)	34 (1)	18 (−8)	12 (−11)
record low ° F (° C)	−4 (−20)	4 (−16) (−16) (−16)	27 (−3)	33 (1)	44 (7)	51 (11)	47 (8)	40 (4)	23 (−5)	14 (−10)	1 (−17)	−4 (−20)
)	3. 86 (98)	3.35 (85)	4.04 (103)	3.17 (81)	3.85 (98)	4.31 (109)	5.39 (137)	6.14 (156)	5.83 (148)	3.25 (83)	3.12 [19]
Source 2: US climate data. Pop.															%±
1850	1,893		—
1860	828		−56.3%
1870	601		−27.4%
1880	912		51.7%
1890	1,937		112.4%
1900	2,565		32.4%
1910	4,101		59. 9%
1920	5,772		40.7%
1930	9,194		59.3%
1940	12,674		37.9%
1950	16,724		32.0%
1960	22,860		36.7%
1970	29.063 99 920AM 29.063 920ALS1446 [22] 2018 estimate [23]

As of the 2010 census, there were 174,263 residents, 130,204 households, and 110,997 miles of residents living within five km of Greenville. ) from the city limits. The population density was 2,364.6 people per square mile (912.8/km ²), making Greenville the most populous city in Eastern North Carolina. There were 130,204 housing units at an average density of 1,100.4 per square mile (424.8/km). ² ). The racial makeup of the city was: 60.20% White, 32.14% African American, 5.06% Hispanic or Latino, 1.82% Asian American, 0.80% Native American, 0.04% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, 1.01% some other race, and 1.29% two or more races.

There were 25,204 households out of which 23.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.8% were married couples, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 52.4% did not had families. 35.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.18 and the average family size is 2.91.

In the city, the age distribution of the population was 18.8% under the age of 18, 28.7% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 15.5% from 45 to 64 and 8.8% aged 65 and over. older. The average age was 26 years. For every 100 women, there were 86.2 men. For every 100 women aged 18 and over, there were 82.9 men.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,648, and the median income for a family was $44,491. The median income for males was $31,847 compared to $26,324 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,476. About 15.6% of families and 26.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.1% of those under the age of 18 and 20.4% of those aged 65 and over.

Government

The City of Greenville has a municipal manager form of government. The city council, elected by the people, is the governing body of the city. The council establishes policy towards the government of Greenville.

The mayor presides over city council meetings and signs documents approved by the council. Together, the mayor and city council are responsible for setting the general policy of the city and appointing members of councils and commissions. The Council adopts resolutions and resolutions; approves the annual budget; approves funding for all city operations; and approves contracts on behalf of the city.

The City Manager, hired by the City Council, is responsible for implementing City Council policy and managing the day-to-day operations of City government.

Five members of the council serve individual districts, while the sixth is elected by the entire city and serves as a whole, like the mayor.

2019-2021 City Council

• Mayor P.J. Connelly (at-large)
• Pro Tame Mayor Rose Glover (District 2)
• Councilman Brian Meyerheffer (at-large)
• Councilman Monica Daniels (District 1)
• Councilman Will Bell (District 3)
• Councilor Rick Smiley (District 4)
• Councilman Will Litchfield (District 5) ^[24]

Economy

0005

Religion

Like much of North Carolina, Greenville is predominantly Protestant Christian, with large concentrations of Baptists, Episcopalians, Methodists, and various other evangelical groups. Presbyterians, and Disciples of Christ, also make up a significant portion of the population. There is also a small gathering of Quakers.

The Roman Catholic community in Greenville has shown steady growth over the years thanks to the migration of Hispanic workers to the area along with significant numbers of people from the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States who work for East Carolina University, the Vidant Health, and other employers . Greenville has two main Catholic parishes including St. Gabriel of the Mother of Sorrows on Dickinson Avenue and St. Peter’s Catholic Church on East 4th Street. ^[26] St. Gabriel’s serves hundreds of Hispanic families and supports the Head Start program in the West Greenville area. ^[27] St. Peter’s Catholic Church in Greenville maintains a day school for grades K-8. Pope John Paul II Catholic High School supports grades 9-12.

The Greenville Jewish community has grown steadily over the years. The Bait Shalom Congregation, a congregation affiliated with both Reform Judaism and Conservative Judaism, has about 80 family members and was formerly led by the first African American female rabbi in the United States, Alice Stanton.

The growth and diversity of the city’s population has also led to the emergence of an Islamic mosque and a Hindu temple during the last decade.

The Pagan community is also growing in Greenville.

Education

All Greenville schools fall under the Pitt County Schools (PCS) administration. PCS was formed in 1985 when Pitt County Schools and Greenville Schools merged. The 9-member Board of Education oversees all schools in Greenville and Pitt County. In July 2013, Dr. Ethan Lenker was appointed Superintendent of Pitt County Schools. ^[28] Currently there are ^{[ when? ]} 13 elementary schools, five middle schools, six traditional high schools, two junior college high schools, and the Pitt County Academy of Health Sciences. There are also ten private schools.

Elementary Schools

• Aiden Elementary School (K-5)
• Belvoir Elementary School (K-5)
• Chicod Elementary School (PreK-5)
• Creekside Elementary School (K-5)

3 East

• Primary School (K-5)
• Elmhurst Primary School (K-5)
• Falkland Primary School (K-5)
• G. R. Whitfield School (K-8)
• Grifton School (K-8)
• Lakeforest Elementary School (K-5)
• Northwest Elementary School (K-5)
• Pactolus Elementary School (K-8)
• Ridgewood Elementary School (K-5)
• South Greenville Elementary School (K-5)
• Stokes Elementary School (K-8)
• Val Coates Elementary School (K-5)
• W.H. Robinson Elementary School (K-5)
• Wintergreen Elementary School (K-2)
• Wintergreen Intermediate School (3-5)

Middle Schools

• A.G. Middle School Cox (6-8)
• Aiden High School (6-8)
• Chikod High School
• SM. Eppes High School (6-8)
• E. Aycock High School (6-8)
• Farmville High School (6-8)
• Hope High School (6-8)
• Wellcome High School (6-8)

Public High Schools

• Aiden Grifton High School (9-12)
• D. H. Conley High School (9-12)
• Farmville Central High School (9-12)
• Junius X High School Rose (9-12)
• North Pitt High School (9-12)
• South Central High School (9-12)

Higher Education

• East Carolina University
• Miller-Motte Technical College

  783 Public College Pitta

• University of Show (satellite campus)

Private schools

• Preschool institution of the episcopal church of St. Paul
• Christian school of the Christian Academy on the GOLGLGO (K – 12) Covenant of Christ (K-12)
• Community Christian Academy (K-6)
• Faith Christian Academy (PK-5)
• Greenville Christian Academy (PK-12)
• Greenville Montessori School (PK-6)
• Montessori Today Inc. (PC)
• Pope John Paul II Catholic High School (9-12)
• St. Peter’s Catholic School (PC-8)
• Oakwood School (PC-12)
• Trinity Christian School (K-12)
• Christian Victoria Academy Christian Academy (K-12)

Healthcare

Greenville’s health care community is one of the largest in the state of North Carolina. With 861 beds, Vidant Medical Center is the fifth largest hospital in North Carolina and one of five academic medical centers in the state (others include the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Duke University, Wake Forest University, and Campbell University). Vidant Medical Center is the only trauma center east of Raleigh and serves as a teaching hospital for the Brodie School of Medicine. The hospital serves more than 1,700 licensed healthcare providers and serves more than 1.2 million residents in the region. Many of the medical offices and clinics, as well as the university’s hospitals and educational facilities, are on the west side of Greenville, including what is known as the Medical District. ^[29] The East Carolina Heart Institute opened and added 250 jobs to the hospital, as well as a state-of-the-art six-story facility. ^[30] A new state-of-the-art 418,000-square-foot cancer center has been established at Vidant Medical Center. The 96 inpatient rooms are one of the main cancer patient admissions sites in eastern North Carolina. ^[31] The Golden LEAF Foundation announced a $10.8 million grant in 2018, and the Eddie and Jo Allison Smith Family Foundation also donated $10 million. ^{[32] [33]} The Vidant Cancer Center at the Eddie and Jo Allison Smith Tower opened in March 2018. ^[31]

Culture

ECU Student Center

Greenville is home to many cultural events both on and off campus. University of East Carolina campus. East Carolina University offers music concerts, theater and dance productions, travel films, and lectures. The Greenville Museum of Art features local art as well as rotating exhibitions. Every year, more than 3,000 children participate in the museum’s programs, and more than 12,000 people visit it. ^[34]

Theater is starting to appear in Greenville as well. Local groups such as the Greenville Theater Project ^[35] and the Magnolia Center for the Arts ^[36] offer outlets for both performers and the public. Smiles and frowns Playhouse ^[37] produces a children’s theater. In addition, student groups such as SWASH Improv offer entertainment at the university and local institutions. ^[38]

Sacred organ and choral music aficionados have a major outlet in the city of Greenville in the form of the East Carolina Musical Arts Education Foundation, a non-profit organization based on the Perkins & Wells Memorial Organ, C. B. Fisk, Opus 126 located at St. Paul’s Episcopal Church. The foundation annually offers numerous organ and choral concerts, as well as educational initiatives. The impressive Fisk organ at St. Paul’s Episcopal Church is also East Carolina University’s primary teaching and performing instrument, with which St. Paul’s and ECMAEF form a strategic alliance.

Along with the theatre, dance is becoming prominent in Greenville. The Greenville Civic Ballet ^[39] and the North Carolina Academy of Dance Arts ^[40] are major contributors to the dance community. Greenville Civic Ballet, owned by Kimberly Gray Saad, hosts performances showcasing a variety of dance backgrounds and styles. They hold performances of Cinderella, Peter and the Wolf, Sleeping Beauty and The Nutcracker twice a year. The Greenville Civic offers a diverse dance culture. The North Carolina Academy of Dance Arts is owned by Sherrill Tipton and is affiliated with ECU’s mainstream dance program. NCADA puts on an annual performance of The Nutcracker in the winter and a studio screening in the spring. NCADA preserves traditional dance culture in the Greenville community. Combined with the groundbreaking performances of the Greenville Civic, the dance community is thriving.

Thousands gather for the Freeboot Friday concert in Uptown.

Many restaurants and nightclubs offer live entertainment on weekends. In the old Five Points neighborhood (on the newly refurbished parking lot at Evans and Fifth Streets), the Umbrella Market takes place every Wednesday during the warmer months, featuring local growers and growers as well as artisans. It is also the venue for “Freeboot Fridays” on Fridays in the fall, when the ECU’s home football game is played on Saturday. This is a “live at five” style rally with live music, ECU cheerleaders, exhibits, kids activities, food tasting and beer and a wine garden. The city center is known for its annual big Halloween street party and live music bars. Given the city’s size, Greenville has a large number of downtown bars and nightclubs, due in large part to the location of the ECU campus, which is directly adjacent to downtown. April 2019of the year, Sup Dogs was named America’s Best Collegiate Bar by the Bar Stool Sports Braces Style Competition at Best Bar. ^[41] In April 2020, Sup Dogs won the title again.

Downtown Greenville has witnessed a huge recovery from the recession. The area was renamed Uptown Greenville and became an arts and entertainment center. Currently, Uptown Greenville is home to over 20 restaurants and over 25 retail stores. It hosts several events throughout the year such as Sunday in the Park, The Umbrella Market, Freeboot Friday and Uptown Art Walk. Uptown has also become a popular place to live in recent years with the construction of new apartments and the renovation of existing infrastructure for residential use.

Kayaking on the River Tar

Residents and visitors can also take advantage of Greenville’s access to the River Tar during the warmer months. Kayaking, fishing and boating are popular activities, along with camping and trail access along the river banks. In early 2020, the city council also authorized the purchase of approximately 163 acres of land north of the Thar River to be used to develop an adventure park with a focus on outdoor recreational activities such as running, hiking, biking and camping, as well as a lake. . at the base and river rest. Greenville also has a greenway system spanning over 9miles that connects the medical and educational community to the Uptown area and the Thar River.

shopping

Greenville is a regional shopping center for the Inland Banks area, as many retailers and specialty stores are located in the city. Major centers include Greenville Mall (originally Colonial Mall Greenville and Pitt Plaza), University Commons, Lynncroft, and Arlington Village. La Promenade, La Promenade II, Arlington Village, and Arlington Plaza, located on Greenville Boulevards, Arlington Boulevards, and Red Banks Road, is one of the largest outdoor malls in Greenville, home to over 60 shops and restaurants, including the Old navy, Talbots, Olive Garden, and Longhorn Steakhouse. A new residential development called 11 Galleria on the site of the former Carolina East Mall has several large retail stores. Kolya, The Fresh Market, Dick’s Sporting Goods, Hobby Lobby, and Sports Academy are already present. The total area of ​​the new shopping center will be 400,000 sq. Feet (37,000 sq. ² ). A second Walmart recently opened on Highway 33 East along with additional restaurants and retail space. ^[42]

Athletic

Main article: East Carolina Pirates

ECU sports teams, nicknamed Pirates , compete in the NCAA Division I FBS as a full member of the American Athletic Conference. ^{[43] [44]} Facilities include 50,000 seats Dowdy Ficklan Stadium for football 8,000 seat Williams Arena at Minges Coliseum for men’s and women’s basketball, and 3,000 capacity Clark-LeClair Stadium (maximum capacity 6,000+, including “Jungle” zones) for baseball. In 2010, the state-of-the-art 1,500-capacity Lady Pirates Softball Stadium was completed, adjoining the new ECU track and field facility and football stadium, as well as the Olympic athletic coach’s offices and team facilities, which are in various stages of completion. along Karl Boulevard, the main entrance for all pirate sports.

Olympic champion Mark Lenzi coached the University of East Carolina Pirate men’s and women’s diving teams until his death in 2012.

Stallings Stadium in Elm Street Park

Greenville has a strong tradition in Little League Baseball. The Greenville Little Leagues were founded in 1951 and have two leagues; North State and Tar Heel. In 1998, the Greenville team represented the South Region in the Little League World Series. They advanced to the semi-finals, where they lost to eventual champion Toms River, New Jersey. In 2017, Greenville again represented the Southeast Region in the Little League World Series. In this run, the pitchers threw a combined perfect play followed by a no-hitter, the first U.S. team to throw in consecutive no-hitters. They made it to the US Championship Game where they flew out of Lufkin, Texas.

Stallings Stadium in Elm Street Park is home to the Little League baseball team in Greenville. The picturesque facility was also recently named the new home of the Little League Softball World Series, which features teams from around the world each August.

Along with their Little League success, Greenville’s teams have also won several Babe Ruth baseball titles. Since 2006, Greenville has sent Babe Ruth baseball teams to the Southeast Region in two different age groups each year, with two teams advancing to the Babe Ruth World Series; ’06 15 old team, and ’08 13 yr. old team. The 2006 team became the first Greenville Babe Ruth team to reach the World Series in 30 years, along with becoming the first Babe Ruth team ever to win a World Series game by defeating Clifton Park, New York 12-0. In 2012, the 13th Greenville All-Stars advanced to the Babe Ruth League World Series. The 2012 team advanced to the championship game, losing to Bryant, Arkansas 4–3. ^[45]

Greenville was home to minor league baseball. The Greenville Greenies was the primary nickname for the Greenville teams. Greenville played with the East Carolina League (1928–1929) and the Coastal Plains League (1934–1941, 1946–1951). Greenville Greaney was a branch of the Washington Senators in 1939. Teams have played at Guy Smith Stadium since 1941. They used to play at Elm Street Park and Third Street Park. ^{[46] [47] [48] [49]}

Greenville is home to two major running groups: the GoRun (Greenville Runners Organization) and the Greenville Running group. In addition, a large cycling group, EC Velo, tours the city and county of Pitt on a weekly basis.

Transportation

Several major US and state highways serve the area, providing easy access to the interstate highway system. Major highways passing through the area include US 264 (Martin Luther King Jr. Freeway), NC 11 (Memorial Drive), US 13 (Dickinson Avenue), NC 33, NC 43 (5th Street, Charles Boulevard) and NC 903. US 264 has been designated Future Interstate 587 and Greenville will be directly served by an Interstate connecting Interstate 95, which is located 29 miles (47 km) west of the city. Greenville’s busiest roads are along Memorial Doctor, Greenville Boulevard, Arlington Boulevard, 10th Street, Evans Street, and Fire Tower Street. Greenville, with a population of 2,364.6 people per square mile, is the most populous city in eastern North Carolina. NCDOT is expected to begin acquiring property for the Southwest Bypass in 2015. It will run from junction 264 at Statonsburg Road, bypassing Winterville and terminating after about 18 km at Eiden. ^[50] A new project called the 10th St Connector Project is also underway to connect the existing 10th Street to Stantonsburg Rd.

Greenville is also served by freight railroads. CSX Transport moves the north and south parts of Greenville, Norfolk Southern Railroad serves the east and west parts of Greenville. In 2012, Southeastern Tours, Inc opened the AMTRAK shuttle bus, which began taking passengers back and forth. Wilson, North Carolina, a stop on the Carolina AMTRAK route.

Air service available via Pitt-Greenville Airport with scheduled flights daily to Charlotte/Douglas International Airport via American Eagle regional partners Piedmont Airlines and PSA Airlines.

The City of Greenville operates a public transit system called the Greenville Area Transit or GREAT that serves most of Greenville. The ECU also maintains an extensive bus system providing 2.5 million trips annually. This service is free for all students, staff and faculty. ^[51]

Greenville is in the process of building a more comprehensive greenway system for cycling and walking. In late 2009, the first section of the South Tar River Greenway was opened; a second section connecting the small and large dog park to East Greenville was completed and dedicated in June 2011. The third site connecting the urban community (Downtown Greenville area) with the schools of the allied medical, dental, health and medical institutions of the University of East Carolina. Nursing and the Vidant Hospital Complex are currently in the payment and planning stages. ^{[52] [53]}

Media

Newspapers and Publications

The Daily Reflector serves as the main daily newspaper and is Greenville’s oldest business. ^[54] Other prominent newspapers that serve the city include: G-Vegas Magazine , Greenville Times , East Carolina , Her Magazine , Minority Voice , and Viva Greenville.54

radio stations serving Greenville

• 1070 in the morning – WNCT Beach, Bugi -Wui and Blues
• 1250 – WGHB Sports
• 1340 – VUUU Evangelies
• 1570 – WECU Sports

91, East Carolina University

• 92.1 FM – WRSV City Station
• 93.3 FM – WERO Top 40 – All Hits
• 98.3 FM – WLGT Contemporary Christian
• 101.9 FM – WIKS Hip Hop 907.1
• WTIB Talk
• 104.5 FM – WSTK The Vine Connection – Traditional Gospel
• 106.9 FM – WBIS-LPFM Traditional Gospel and Christian
• 107.9 FM – WNCT Classic Hits
• 99.5 FM – WXNR7 Top 47 Licensed television stations in Greenville
  • WNCT-TV – Greenville (CBS affiliate/CW on DT2)
  • WYDO-TV – Greenville (Fox affiliate)
  • WUNK-TV – Greenville (PBS affiliate, part of UNC-TV Network)
  • WEPX-TV – Greenville (Ionic Network affiliate)

  Other TV channels serving Greenville

  • WITN-TV – Washington (NBC affiliate / My Network TV & Weather on DT2)
  • WCTI-TV – New Bern (ABC affiliate / This TV and other programs on DT2)
  • GPAT-TV – Greenville (Suddenlink Cable Channel 23 – Public Access TV channel)
  • GTV9 – TV channel available to the City of Greenville Government (Suddenlink Cable TV Channel 9)

  Voice of America / IBB

  Main article: Greenville International Broadcasting Bureau Transmitter station

  Greenville was the largest transmitter for the Voice of America shortwave broadcasts sponsored by the US government’s International Broadcasting Bureau. Both transmitter buildings and three large antenna “farms” were located near Greenville. ^[55] The Greenville Transmitter Station provided shortwave broadcasts for US government funded, non-military, international broadcasts and served as a back-up, alternate gateway for the satellite interconnect to be used for uplink programming if the SIS gateway in Washington, D.C. became not available. The station also served as a back-up facility for transmitting programs to the satellite of the Atlantic Ocean region and served as the main return link for this satellite. For VOA, the station’s main target areas for shortwave broadcasting were Latin America, the Caribbean with a particular focus on Cuba, and Africa. Three complexes, one for command, distribution and monitoring and the other two for actual transmission, formed an equilateral triangle approximately 31 km long around Greenville. At one time they formed the largest international broadcast site in the world. ^[56] Two of the three sites have been decommissioned.

  Famous people

  • MrBeast (Jimmy Donaldson) – YouTuber and philanthropist
  • Fred Brooks – computer scientist
  • Andre Brown – New York Giants on the way back
  • Brian Brown – politician
  • Derek KFX
  • Alge Crumpler – NFL Tight End
  • Bernard Edwards – Gorgeous bass player and producer
  • William J. Hadden – church minister, city councilor
  • Lee Norris – film and television actor
  • Ryan Nyquist – BMX rider
  • Mary H. Odom – North Carolina state legislator and politician
  • Petey Pablo – Rapper
  • Patrick Bronswell – MLB player for the Milwaukee Giants and San Francisco
  • Lauren Perdue – 2012 US Olympic Gold Medalist – swimming
  • Rodney Purvis – NBA player
  • Ricky Stoiki – Hip-hop artist
  • Ashley Sheppard – NFL player
  • Jessamine Schumate – artist, painter, cartographer
  • Caroline Shaw – Pulitzer Prize-winning composer
  • Tom Smith – musician inducted into the Jazz Education Hall of Fame
  • Supastition – Hip-hop artist
  • Billy Taylor – jazz musician, founder of Jazzmobile, CBS broadcaster
  • Whitney Way – Reality TV presenter and dance teacher.
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The largest employers in number ^[25]

#	Employer	Employment