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Walnut Canyon in Arizona USA | Walnut Canyon National Monument

Walnut Canyon National Monument is located 16 km southeast of the city of Flagstaff in Arizona, USA. It is a place where you can study the culture of the Sinagua Indians who lived here 700 years ago and survived the eruption of the Sunset volcano. The neighboring Wupatki National Monument tells the beginning of this sad story. And Walnut Canyon is a continuation, joyful and full of hope.

Walnut Canyon is about 100 meters deep and its crest is 2040 meters above sea level. A convenient ring road is laid for visitors along the rock along the canyon. It descends from the visitor center 56 meters down into the canyon and passes 25 rock dwellings built by the Sinagua Indians in the 12th-13th century AD region. It is believed that in each house about 2 meters high and up to 3 meters deep, a whole Indian family lived in the rock.

We visited Walnut Canyon on our road trip across the US when we arrived in Flagstaff and saw a number of attractions around this wonderful city. We also got to Walnut Canyon, which seemed to us especially interesting and picturesque. 9Ol000 Hike Island trail (Island trail)

1. 6 Hike Rim trail (Rim trail)

Walnut Canyon National Monument

Walnut Canyon National Monument is located near Flagstaff in Arizona and covers an area of ​​14 km ² . Located on the steep walls of a canyon overgrown with pines and other coniferous trees, located in the rocks at an altitude of more than 2000 meters above sea level, Walnut Canyon Park surprises in that it is not only a nature reserve, but also a place for life, which the Indians have chosen for themselves.

On the territory of the national monument you can get acquainted with the culture of the Sinagua Indians, see their houses hidden in small caves at a great height. These are not natural caves, but recesses carved into the rock (limestone) and built up with walls to shelter from the weather and personal space, which were the dwellings of the Indians in the XII-XIII centuries.

The Sinagua also lived in what is now Montezuma Castle (Arizona). But most of all, their unusual houses on the walls of the canyon, of course, are similar to the Anasazi houses in Mesa Verde, Colorado.

And yet, Walnut Canyon is not only a historical monument, but also a natural one. The walls of the canyon are an amazing geological formation, which has remained, among other things, from very ancient times, when there was a sea in the place of Arizona.

Read also:

trip to the United States: National Parks by car

Main information:

National Monument Walnat Caanon,	Sinagua rock dwelling ruins located on the steep walls of Walnut Canyon
Founded November 30, 1915
Land area	sq. m. km. per year
Cost per visit	Weekly Pass – $8 per person Flagstaff Anual Pass – $40 Annual Pass to All US National Parks – $80
	Walnut Canyon Visitor Center, open 8:00 am to 5:00 pm 00 every day except Christmas
Official website	https://www. nps.gov/waca/

Getting to Walnut Canyon in USA

16 miles southeast of the city of Flagstaff in Arizona USA, pretty easy. You need to take Interstate 40 towards the city of Albuquerque. At exit 204, turn towards the entrance to the park. The Visitor Center is at the end of this small 5 km highway.

• You can rent a car for a cheap trip around the USA on the car rental website Rentalcars.com →
• Read about how we rented a car at Los Angeles Airport in this article.

Walnut Canyon National Monument Map

Walnut Canyon National Monument Map (clickable!)

Walnut Canyon Map USA:

the Sinagua Indians and the nearby Sunset Volcano?

The Sinagua Indians arrived on the plains of the San Francisco Peaks around the year 600 and lived there by farming. The huge volcano Sunset began to erupt in the 11th century, and this led to the fact that they lost their homes and land. The disasters continued for about six months, and the land became completely unsuitable for either habitation or food cultivation. And then people went to Walnut Canyon and settled in small open caves on its walls.

Some of the Indians have returned, after a hundred years since the Sunset volcano eruption, back to their old home. And subsequently, the Sinagua merged with the Hopi Indians, with whom they had a common idea of ​​\u200b\u200blife and a common belief in Kachina – the messengers of the gods and the givers of civilization, who, according to their legends, lived on the peaks of San Francisco.

• Read more about the Sunset Volcano and its impact on the Arizona landscape, as well as our walks along its lava rivers and basalt fields among the pine forest, read here.

Do you see how the Indian houses are hiding in the U-shaped island of the canyon?

Visit Walnut Canyon

Walnut Canyon National Monument is open to the public all year round except December 25 (Christmas Day and most government offices are closed). The visitor center is usually open from 9hours until 17. Only in the summer (or rather, from May to October) opens an hour earlier.

Summer is the best time to visit Walnut Canyon and is also the high season for travel in this part of the US. This is due to the fact that winters and autumns in this part of Arizona are quite snowy and dark, and summers are very hot. So the best advice is to wear layered clothing when visiting the canyon. So protect yourself from wind and possible rain.

At the visitor center, which is beautifully located right on the slope of the canyon, perfectly fitting into the landscape of the area, there is a small museum-exposition that vividly demonstrates the life of the Sinagua Indians.

Visitors to Walnut Canyon Park should be aware that there are no shops or cafes on site, but you can have a small picnic in a designated area.

It should be noted that the entrance to the trail leading to the territory of the canyon closes approximately one hour before the end of the park, so that visitors have the opportunity to return from the canyon. Therefore, if you are planning to visit Walnut Canyon in the afternoon, then you should have time to go hiking on one of the trails before 16:00. For example, we missed one of the hiking routes for this very reason: we simply didn’t have time.

Trails in Walnut Canyon

There are two hiking trails (trails) in Walnut Canyon:

• Rim Trail – is a hike along the edge of the canyon with a length of exactly 1 km (round trip). In time, it will take about 30 minutes. On the way, you can walk through the pine forest and stop at two viewing platforms where you can admire the views of the Nut Canyon, as well as see the ruins of a small Indian settlement. Access to the Rome trail closes at 4:30 pm.
• Island Trail – is a 60 meters (240 steps) descent to a U-shaped canyon around which the Sinagua dwellings are built. The length of the circular route is 1.5 km. Walking around a ledge that is somewhat similar to the Horseshoe Canyon on the Colorado River, you can see 25 Indian houses built in the cliff. The entrance to the Island Trail closes at 4:00 pm.

We had to choose between these two routes, as we arrived in Walnut Canyon in the late afternoon and did not have time to complete both trails. Therefore, we recovered to the Sinagua Island trail, which gives a better idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe life of the Indians, and only looked at the Rome trail with one eye.

Our recommendation: all visitors should arrive at Walnut Canyon no later than 3:00 pm in order to have time to take both hikes. Remember to bring drinking water with you on a hot day and keep an eye on children on narrow paths.

Island trail

To see the dwellings of the Sinagua Indians, you need to go down a steep staircase (240 steps) and walk along the Island trail (1.5 km long). The walk will take from an hour to an hour and a half, depending on the degree of your interest in the houses of the Indians.

We cautiously walked down the steps from the visitor center, walked a little along the trail along the canyon and immediately saw caves carved into the rock lined with small bricks. It seemed to me that this method of construction was generally characteristic of the Indians. They found a natural rock that protected from wind and rain on one side, and then completed the missing walls from unbaked bricks or fragments of material that is typical for the area. Even the famous Fire House in Utah was built in the same way. Very eco friendly!

The beginning of the trail passes under these niches

And this is what the Sinagua Indians looked like in Walnut Canyon

Apparently, a softer layer containing a large amount of limestone was washed out of the cliff over time, and niches formed in it. The Indians simply took advantage of this non-standard feature of Walnut Canyon, again inscribing their homes into the natural landscape. So they began to live on a sheer cliff.

The canyon sheltered them from wind and heat, from rain and snow. The Indians adapted to build their dwellings in such a way that it was possible to kindle a fire inside them, and the smoke came out. Air entered their rocky houses from below, became warm, and its excess left through a hole in the upper part.

The Spaniards called these Indians “sinagua”, which literally means “waterless”. The people who lived at the top of the canyon could not have full access to water. However, the extraction of water was not a problem for them. A stream flows along the bottom of the canyon, and snow and rain could always help the newly arrived settlers in matters of survival. After all, before they generally lived in the desert and managed to grow corn in such conditions. And then they adapted to lead their life on a high rock

But these dwellings are located on the other side of the canyon, where tourists are not allowed to enter, but you can look from the side –

Studies show that the Sinagua lived in the canyon for about a hundred years, and then left their rock dwellings and went south. Today their descendants call themselves the Hopi. They believe that the sudden transitions of their ancestors from one place of residence to another are due to the fact that they all had to come together at a certain time. The whole process took about a thousand years, and each time the Indians were removed from the place for no apparent reason. Only the sudden eruption of the Sunset volcano was an exception to this rule.

It is curious to note that some researchers, comparing the layout of the numerous settlements of the ancestors of the Hopi in the United States with a map of the starry sky, note their similarity, as if the Indians recreated the key constellations from their mythology on earth.

Rim trail

As I said, we didn’t manage to go on this hike because the entrance to the trail was closed half an hour before the end of the park’s opening hours. We were literally a few minutes short, but we were already the very last visitors to Walnut Canyon.

If you arrive at the park early, you can see a wonderful pine forest while walking along this circular trail, as well as walk almost along the edge of Walnut Canyon on your own. Along the way, you will come across two lookouts that offer a wonderful panoramic view of the canyon, and an underground dwelling (pit house) next to the pueblo ruins, which can be viewed up close on the way back. The place is also notable for the fact that it was on this hill that the Sinagua Indians were engaged in agriculture and grew crops.

Geology of Walnut Canyon

Walnut Canyon lies on the Colorado Plateau and cuts through several geological layers – the Permian Kaibab Limestone, which forms the Grand Canyon in Arizona, among other things, and also exposes the Toroweep Formation and the Coconino Sandstone. All these layers can be seen with your own eyes, walking along the Island trail.

The dwellings of the Sinagua Indians, which we managed to see closely during a walk in Walnut Canyon, surprised us no less than the beautiful lines of layers of geological deposits that form interesting patterns on the opposite wall of the walnut canyon. By the way, all the dwellings of the Indians were made precisely in the Kaibab limestone formation, located in the uppermost layer. But the lower layer, formed by the Coconino sandstone, underwent natural erosion, as a result of which small alcove caves formed in it. Of course, the Indians also used them as convenient shelters for building dwellings.

It is worth adding that Walnut Creek flows along the bottom of Walnut Canyon at a depth of about 100 meters. It flows into the Little Colorado River, which, in turn, flows along the bottom of the Grand Canyon. As you can see, all the natural attractions of Arizona are somehow connected with each other by a single geological process.

Photos show that once upon a time the entire surface of Arizona was the bottom of the sea, and today this is reminiscent of beautiful patterns from numerous layers on the walls of the canyon.

One of the layers of Walnut Canyon

Our impressions and feedback about Walnut Canyon

While visiting the sights in Arizona, we especially liked Walnut Canyon – an amazing place, if only because, walking along the houses, you can imagine how hundreds of people lived here years ago. And although the walls of the Sinagua rock dwellings have been restored by modern people, the pine fresh air has remained the same.