Ideas to promote literacy: 10 Ways to Promote Independent Reading
25 Ways Schools Can Promote Literacy And Independent Reading
60.7k
Views
FacebookTwitterSubscribe
contributed by Kimberly Tyson, Ph.D.
In the age of modern literacy and its emphasis upon having students take on more challenging text, independent reading and student choice can easily take a back seat to the demands of increased rigor. However, in a balanced literacy program, they remain important.
Motivation and choice play key roles in reading.
And, strong and capable readers are those who read widely and diversely in a wide variety of genres and text types.
In the quest to build capable readers, promoting independent, self-selected reading remains key. Creating ravenous, lifelong readers doesn’t just happen, it takes a schoolwide culture to help reach that goal.
We want kids to read more. We want them to enjoy reading. We know that reading builds vocabulary, fluency, and background knowledge. So let’s do our part to promote and encourage independent reading across our schools. Below are 25 ways schools can create a reading culture for independent literacy.
See also 24 Of The Best Digital Tools To Build Vocabulary
25 Ways Schools Can Promote Independent Reading
1. Set aside time for independent reading. Time for reading independently doesn’t just happen. Plan for it by making it a priority in schedules across K-12 classrooms. You may need to get creative by stealing minutes here and there, but find at least 15 minutes a day (20 recommended) for self-selecting, independent reading.
2. Create Literacy-Rich Environments in every K-12 Classroom. A literacy-rich environment – full of print, word walls, books, and reading materials – not only supports the academic growth, but also provides a setting that encourages and supports speaking, listening, reading, and writing in a variety of authentic ways – through print & digital media. Make it a priority for every K-12 classroom to be an inviting, print-rich environment that supports independent reading and student learning.
3. Support High-Quality Classroom Libraries. Students need access to interesting books and materials – both in print and online. When students are provided with well-designed classroom libraries, they interact more with books, spend more time reading, exhibit more positive attitudes toward reading, and exhibit higher levels of reading achievement (NAEP, 2002). Additionally, research-based classroom libraries support balanced literacy instruction. Support teachers in building classroom libraries through budget dollars, grants, and book drives.
4. Encourage Read Alouds. In the Becoming a Nation of Readers report (1985), experts reported that “the single most important activity for building the knowledge required for eventual success in reading is reading aloud to children. ” Not only did the experts suggest reading aloud in the home, but they also suggested reading aloud in schools. Read alouds not only allow teachers to model that reading is a great way to spend time but also expose students to more complex vocabulary than they typically hear or read.
And, that doesn’t exclude reading to older students, too. Occasionally reading more difficult text aloud provides opportunities for rich discussion and vocabulary development. And, reading young adult selections such as The Fault in Our Stars (affiliate link) by John Green provides the background and context for meaningful discussions about current topics, too.
5. Create a ‘Caught Reading’ Campaign that features Teachers as Readers. Creating a school-wide reading culture is important to promote reading as a lifestyle. Students need to see their teachers as readers. Create posters of teachers and staff reading their favorite books and display them in hallways throughout the schools. You can also produce bookmarks that feature teachers’ favorite book picks to help guide students as they select books for independent reading.
6. Invite Guest Readers into Classrooms. What better way to promote reading than by having guest readers read aloud to students. Invite parents and community members to select a book or article to read aloud and discuss with students. You can even make it fun by announcing them as ‘mystery readers’ and providing clues during the week to create anticipation for the guest reader.
7. Encourage Students to Read Widely. Sometimes students get in a rut and don’t read beyond their favorite genre or author. Encourage students to read outside of their preferred genres. To build a wide vocabulary and broad background knowledge, students need to read in a wide variety of genres and text types. Through book talks, read alouds, and book displays, open students’ eyes to new authors, genres, and text types.
8. Create a Twitter Hashtag for Sharing Books. Move beyond traditional book reviews by creating a schoolwide Twitter #hashtag such as #GESTitleTalk or #PS41FavBookswhere students and teachers write super-short reviews and highlights of recently read books. In addition, the librarian can create interest in books by posting new titles on the school hashtag. Teachers can create a classroom hashtag, too, such as #4thReads.
9. Host Book Clubs for Students and Parents. A community of readers sometimes happens naturally; however, book clubs are a perfect way to foster connectivity around books and reading. Students can even host their own book clubs within a classroom, grade level, or school.
Reading is important for parents, too. Host a book club at school or online to help create an adult community of readers and build strong parental support for reading. “Books and Bagels” can be a perfect duo for an early morning book club.
10. Financially Support School Libraries. In an era of tightening budgets, the school library/media center needs to continue receiving financial support. While classroom libraries are vitally important to a balanced literacy program, media centers are as well. Each serves a distinctly different purpose in supporting readers. And, media centers should be staffed by licensed librarians who are experts in both children’s literature and how to build and maintain a high-quality collection that supports independent reading, research, and instruction.
11. Collaborate with the Local Library. Work with the local library to learn about and support their programs, services, and resources for students. Invite them into your school so students can easily obtain a library card and learn about how the public library can support their reading and research needs.
12. Provide Opportunities for Summer Reading. The summer reading slide is real. Schools can play an important role in providing opportunities so that students read over the summer. Ranging from giving away books to providing summer library hours, there are many ways that schools can support independent reading during the summer months.
13. Support Author Visits. Students need to learn about how writers get their ideas and turn those ideas into books. Author visits help make those connections visible for students. If your budget is tight, work with a local library or another school district to help financially sponsor an author visit.
14. Sponsor a Young Author Conference. Along with author visits, a ‘young author’ conference provides a venue for readers to showcase their writing. Some schools invite an author and illustrator while showcasing student books. It’s a perfect opportunity to connect reading, writing, and illustrating. And, parents and community members can share in the celebration of literacy.
15. Read what Students are Reading. Creating a culture of reading includes teachers, too. Students need to read, and so do you. As classroom teachers and librarians, it’s important to help students find books that grab their attention and interest them. One of the best ways to accomplish this is to keep your book knowledge current.
It’s not easy keeping current with new books in children’s and young adult literature; however, there are many excellent book lists, reviews, websites, and blogs to steer you in the right direction. As you explore book lists, websites, blogs, and twitter feeds, I’m certain you’ll find several that will become your favorites! And, students will benefit from your first-hand knowledge of books.
16. Host a Read-In. A combination of books, pizza, and p.j.’s party can be lots of fun! Be inventive. Invite parents, community members, and sports figures to be mystery readers read each hour. Wrap up new books and unveil them during the read-in. Invite a local author. A fun way to liven up reading.
17. Solicit Donations from Local Book Stores. In a day of tightening budgets, building classroom libraries can be a financial strain on schools and individual teachers. Local bookstores such as Half-Price Books often willingly donate books to schools. It can be a cost-effective way to build classroom collections of books to support students.
18. Share Books through BookTalks. Readers need to share books with one another. Book Talks are a perfect way for teachers and students to share books with one another.
19. Create a Readbox to Promote Schoolwide Reading. A new display can do wonders to highlight favorite books, new releases, and best-loved authors. The ‘readbox’ is, of course, a play off of ‘redbox.’ It’s a creative way to display books, create interest, and support reading choice.
Another possibility? A movie poster (using a movie poster template) but for books.
20. Host Reading-Related Events at School. Many schools host Scholastic Book events as a way to promote reading and to bring affordable books into the hands of readers. How about coupling the book event with a school play since many parents will be visiting your school?
Or, host a “Book Blast and Bar-B-Que” as Regional School District No. 6 in Connecticut recently did. According to Language Arts Coordinator Tracy Keilty @TraKeilty, the “Book Blast & Bar-B-Que” event recognizes K-8 students for the volume of reading completed over the summer as part of the Connecticut Governor’s Reading Challenge. Superintendent Ed Drapp @edrapp joins in on the fun (see image) as parents, students, and community members eat, dance, and celebrate reading!
The name alone makes me want to join the reading celebration.
21. Create Video Book Commercials. Creating videos is easier than ever and people love to do it. Have students, teachers, staff, and community members create book commercials promoting a favorite book or author. Display them on your school website or on a dedicated page for the library. If you have morning announcements through a production system, you could feature live book commercials or show recent entries.
22. Create Attractive Displays of Books. Feature attractive book displays throughout your school. Create book displays in likely and unlikely places such as the front office, principal’s office, in classrooms, labs, display cases, and the school library.
23. Encourage Students & Teachers to Write Book Reviews. Readers need to share books with each other in the form of book reviews. Experiment with the form. For example, short book reviews or snippets can be featured on a series of bookmarks. Longer book reviews can be displayed in the school library or classroom library or hosted online.
24. Partner with Parents. Schools can do their part to support and encourage reading; however, parents play a key role as well. Support parents by informing them of school library hours and resources available at the school and public library.
25. Host a Mystery Check-Out Day. Create a little mystery around books. Wrap selected books in brown paper and encourage students to check out a mystery book. After they check the book, they can unwrap it to reveal their selection. Mystery selections can encourage students – in a fun way – to venture further and try a new genre, author, or series.
25 Ways Schools Can Promote Literacy And Independent Reading
Creating a Reading Culture | Importance & Ideas for Schools
Reading transcends class, race, age, and gender. It’s a free magic carpet ride to anywhere on Earth (or beyond), at any point in time. Every child, regardless of age or ability, deserves to be able to access the written word. Readers who go on to develop a life-long love of literature not only decode, segment, and blend with ease, they have a genuine adoration for the power of prose. In order to stimulate a lasting love of reading, it’s crucial that we build a strong reading culture in schools.
In this article, we’ll be addressing the question: what is a reading culture? We’ll also look at the importance of creating a reading culture in schools, and the innumerable benefits it brings. Finally, we’ll end by outlining how you can promote a reading culture in just 15 steps.
Whatever your role may be, headteacher, head of department, literacy lead, classroom teacher, governor, or budding reading champion, read on to discover how to promote an effective and impactful reading culture in your school.
What is a Reading Culture?
A reading culture is an environment where reading is championed, valued, respected, and encouraged. Reading lies at the heart of the curriculum, and it’s of the upmost importance to a child’s personal, social, and academic success, as well as their general wellbeing.
Creating a reading culture should not be the responsibility of an individual. It takes dedication, perseverance, and effort. It’s led by an enthusiastic and dedicated senior leadership team, and advocated by every pupil, parent, carer, and staff member in the school community.
In a report commissioned by the National Literacy Trust, research indicates that, “if reading is to become a lifelong habit, then people must see themselves as participants in a community that views reading as a significant and enjoyable activity. Parents and the home environment are essential in fostering a love of reading.”
A reading culture takes more than quality-first teaching. Where a reading culture exists, children read of their own free will, on a regular basis. Students select their own reading material, at a time and place of their choosing. They are willing and active participants, who anticipate the satisfaction they’ll get from picking up a book.
To make sure children don’t experience reading difficulty and demotivation, we should ensure students become fluent and engaged readers from an early age. Creating a reading culture where students are disaffected, hold negative attitudes, and whose reading ages are well below chronological, can be challenging, but not impossible.
Why are Reading Cultures Important in Schools?
People cannot be active or informed citizens unless they can read. Reading is a prerequisite for almost all cultural and social activities.
Department for Culture, Media and Sport (2003)
Building a strong reading culture puts reading at the forefront of school improvement. A creative and exciting reading culture not only breeds capable and committed readers, it boosts wellbeing, community connectedness, and student outcomes.
In a recent report from The Department for Education, Nick Gibb, Minister of State for School Standards, states that reading is “the key unlocking the rest of the academic curriculum.”
Children will need high levels of literacy in so many aspects of their lives. Everywhere children look, there’s a sea of information for them to digest – in school, at home, on public transport, on the roads, and on digital technology interfaces. Not only is reading required for success in future employment, an ability to read will help children in future relationships, when running a household, and when navigating all aspects of their personal lives.
We know that reading fluency is a strong indicator for achievement in further education, higher education, and future employment. The government acknowledges that reading can achieve something teachers and policymakers have been trying to attain for years: to lessen, or even eradicate, the impact of early life disadvantage.
In short, only competent readers will be able to access the wonders of the curriculum, and thus improve their life chances.
How to Build and Promote a Strong Reading Culture
1. Live and Breathe Literature
Place reading at the core of your school’s improvement plan. Head teachers should actively prioritise reading. Their aim should be for every student to become a fluent, and motivated reader.
Create a mission statement that will drive future agendas, targets, and personal development plans. Make sure the language used is accessible for everyone in the school community to follow, including pupils. Give prominence to this statement on displays throughout the school.
2. Spark Curiosity Within the School Environment
Create vibrant displays, and unique installations which celebrate a love of all things reading. Think a bubbling cauldron in KS3, with Macbeth quotes hanging from the ceiling, or a school book tree in reception, filled with reviews and recommendations.
Place key words throughout the building, and accompany them with visual stimulus. For example, an equipment display of the main items students use in physical education, with the name of each apparatus clearly labelled on each item.
Create reading nooks throughout the school, where pupils can escape from the world, and sit and read their favourite book.
3. Keep Talking
Build a language-rich environment where adults talk with children regularly throughout the day, and where students are given opportunities to get involved in a variety of conversations. This will boost their vocabulary awareness, and support them with their comprehension.
Where possible, feature prose in every assembly and form time session. Read stories or extracts of texts in assemblies. Ask staff to share their favourite poem, or character description. Similarly, invite children to share a text which they find inspiring.
4. Make your Library Space Magical
Transform your school library space to make sure it’s creative, engaging, and welcoming to all. Fill it with colourful displays, and comfy seating. Yes, a brand-new library can be a costly investment, but a re-design doesn’t have to cost the Earth. See if any local businesses would be prepared to partner with you in the process, or donate materials. Equally, consider enlisting the help of local college students, or willing parent volunteers to help with the painting.
Make sure every child is timetabled in the library, ideally once a week, so that they can renew books regularly. Host library inductions to inform children how to use the library safely and respectfully. Once the library is complete, ask older students to run lunch time story clubs, and ask for volunteer library helpers to restock shelves, and keep the room neat and tidy.
5. Run DEAR
DEAR, or Drop Everything And Read, is a daily designated reading programme. Run on a rolling rota, DEAR gives every child 15-minutes every day to just sit and read, in a quiet, calm environment conducive to reading. Everyone in the school community should drop everything and get involved, from the head teacher to the caretaker. Through DEAR, reading becomes a habitual and consistent act.
6. Host Guest Speakers and Organise Trips
Memorable experiences can deeper learning, so give your students the opportunity to get out and about on as many curriculum-linked school trips as possible. Think The Imperial War Museum, a forest, a National Trust property, or the local farm. Where possible, let the children hear extracts of the text whilst on location. Immerse them in the narrative.
Similarly, invite guest speakers to come in and talk to the children about their texts. Schools might not have the money to host authors, but many community representatives will visit for free, or for a nominal fee. Whether it’s a picture book aimed for the early years or a KS4 set text, find links to enrich the curriculum, and engage with the wider community. For example, a local artist could lead an outdoor craft and painting day linked to the children’s current text, or a police officer and local solicitor might visit the children for a question-and-answer session linked to a character’s wrongdoings. Equally, local college students might also be willing to organise and deliver a drama session linked to your chosen text.
7. Create Competitions
Motivation is thought to be a critical factor in learning outcomes, determining their success and quality. In a report commissioned by The University of Maryland, Guthrie and Wigfield found that, “outstanding teachers invest substantial time and energy in supporting students’ motivation and engagement in reading.”
For some students to become intrinsically motivated, staff may have to use extrinsic motivation at first. In certain demographics, we may have to incentivise the act of reading until it becomes as natural as breathing.
Staff should offer children acknowledgment and praise for their reading achievements, however small they may be. The school’s behaviour policy should detail how staff can do this effectively. For example, staff could be given six wristbands every half-term to give out to the children who’ve shown the most commitment, or made the most progress in their reading. These wrist bands can then be exchanged for a prize.
Using on-screen reading programmes, such as Accelerated Reader, students can take online quizzes on their reading books. If they receive a certain percentage pass mark, they’ll begin to build up a word count. Schools can use this information to set children specific targets to achieve by the end of the year.
Teachers can build a bespoke reward scheme around their online reading programme. For example, pupils could get a treat from the reading treat box if they pass their book quiz at 80% or more, or two if it’s 100%. Work with the school’s parents and friends’ association, or reach out to local businesses for sponsorship in order to fund these prize boxes. Similarly, hold a word count war to see which classes can achieve the highest word count each term.
8. Empower Children with their Next Steps
If we want children to take ownership of their reading, they need to be able to verbalise their next steps. Clear and accessible targets should be used in order to boost children’s self-esteem, rather than to make them more accountable. A consistent, whole-school approach to target setting will highlight the profile of reading across the curriculum, and remind students that we’re all readers, and we’re all in this together.
9. Host Events
Throughout the year, host events to celebrate all things reading. Whether it’s Shakespeare in the sun, campfire storytelling, book-themed cake sales, or second-hand book fairs, use all the monies raised to replenish your library stock to keep it fresh and inviting.
At the end of the academic year, why not organise a festival of reading to celebrate all of the children’s reading achievements? Think fairground rides, bouncy castles, makeup artists, tribute acts, and sweet stalls.
10. Utilise your Students
To support the school in raising the profile of reading, invite students to help. Create a peer-to-peer reading scheme, where an older, more competent student supports a child whose reading age is below their chronological age. Similarly, ask for volunteers to be part of a reading committee – who meet regularly to discuss the school improvement targets, reading incentives, and ideas to further promote a strong reading culture.
11. Work with Local Businesses
Reach out to big companies and local businesses for support in meeting the school’s reading targets. This could be reading posters from a local book shop, a gift experience from an outdoor adventure company, or a voucher from the local shoe shop to use as a reading prize.
Ask members of the reading committee to write to local suppliers to see if they would be willing to help. For example, they may be willing to provide the hot chocolate and marshmallows for the next campfire reading event. Get in touch with the local press to feature key events, and mention the names of suppliers and businesses who have helped.
12. Make Sure your Titles are Engaging and Accessible
Children should be aware of which library texts are pitched at their level. By creating a colour code linked to reading age ability, students can confidently and independently select texts which are accessible. This will help them to become assured and resilient readers.
13. Celebrate Literacy Days
Whatever literacy day it is, celebrate it. Events such as World Book Day, Roald Dahl Day, and National Poetry Day bring fun-filled opportunities for students, and help to build a vibrant reading culture across the school.
Furthermore, why not create your own days to celebrate? In October, could you host a Harry Potter Day? Think dressing up, themed school dinners, potions, spells, drama, broom stick races, and animal encounters.
14. Get Parents and Carers Involved
Not all students have the support of committed parents or carers at home. As a result, engage with parents and carers as much as possible. Run webinars to introduce the school’s online reading programmes. Host live question-and-answer sessions to inform parents how they can help from home. Run family reading challenges and competitions, and host a virtual book club for parents and children.
15. Unite your Staff
Take all of your staff along with you in your school’s reading journey. Involve them at every step of the way. A committed team can achieve wonderous things. Ask for their feedback, and value their contributions.
Train them on the reading programmes the children will use, so they can feel informed when providing support, and keep them up to date with effective differentiation strategies. All teachers should be aware of children’s reading ages when planning, as materials used must be appropriate and accessible to all students. Providing glossaries, word mats, and visual stimulus, for example, can help weaker readers to access the curriculum.
Finally, continually make staff aware of the incredible power they possess. Hearing a teacher read a text aloud can be transformative for some pupils. If teachers read with passion, and varied intonation, they really can capture hearts and minds.
Sadly, children can become reluctant readers, whether this be through low self-esteem, boredom, or an inability to compete with peers. We need to work together to provide creative and innovative solutions to eradicate disengagement in reading. Schools can promote a reading culture which allows all children to shine, academically, socially, and personally. We hope that this article has given you the inspiration needed to revolutionise the reading culture in your school.
Further Resources
- Why Reading is Important for Children
- Ideas for Genius Hour in the Classroom
- High Speed Training Education Courses
25 Ways to Build Your School’s Reading Culture
The story that went viral earlier this year about the teacher who had the genius idea of installing a basket of books on her school’s bus has a crucial message behind it: Small acts can have a big impact when it comes to fostering a culture of reading in your school and community. When we let students know that reading is worthwhile and empower them to experience it joyfully, it creates a chain reaction of literacy learning. Here are 25 of our favorite strategies for fostering a reading culture.
Just a heads up, WeAreTeachers may collect a share of sales from the links on this page. We only recommend items our team loves!
1. Leave reminders about books everywhere.
Whether it’s on your classroom bulletin board, or in the hallway, or even on the wall clock, dropping not-so subtle hints about great books gets students’ attention.
Source: @weareteachers
2. Make sure actual books are everywhere, too.
Display books attractively in all areas of your classroom to highlight their many uses. Little kids can use books as pretend play props—baby dolls love bedtime stories! Kids of all ages will be intrigued if you leave a field guide near the window for birding or with a cool rock or shell collection.
3. Make your classroom library a sacred—and accessible—space.
Make sure your library is organized to allow kids to get in, find a great book, and get reading immediately. For tons of insight about effective classroom library setup, we’re loving the professional book It’s All About the Books: How to Create Bookrooms and Classrooms that Inspire Readers by Tammy Mulligan and Clare Landrigan.
Source: @sunshineandchalk
4. Ditch the level labels.
Yes, it was standard practice at one point to organize classroom library titles by level, but this approach is outdated.Organize your library by topic, author, or genre instead to encourage readers to choose books they will love.
5. Stay up to date on the best books.
There will always be classroom classics that every kid should read, but kids gravitate to what looks fresh and new. Replace worn or dated titles, assess your library regularly for representation, and celebrate new releases and book arrivals as notable classroom events. (Do you need to brush up on the newest, best titles to share with students? WeAreTeachers’ book list archiveshave you covered. )
6. Share those recos.
Source: Bookriot
Create a community in which readers recommend books to each other in visible ways. Create a What I’m Reading bulletin board, highlighting picks from teachers and other school staff (the more unexpected, the better) to model lifelong reading for students. Peer recommendations pack incredible currency, so make sure you have an ongoing way for kids to promote their favorites. (It doesn’t have to be fancy to be effective.)
7. Give lots of book talks.
Hearing someone rave about a book immediately makes it more appealing. Give frequent book talks to highlight titles for kids.
8. Dial up the fun factor.
Gimmicks tend to work with kids. Add a fun reading-themed element to your school to spark excitement about books. This book vending machine got rave reviews from kids. Repurpose an old gumball dispenser into a poem vending machine or make your own from recycled materials.
9. Read aloud to all ages.
What’s the one practice that should happen in classrooms at every grade level (plus, we’d argue, at assemblies, faculty meetings, and parent events, too)? Reading aloud. You’re really never too old to enjoy being read to, and reading aloud a compelling title is one of the BEST ways to promote enjoyment of books. To get reinspired, check out The Enchanted Hour: The Miraculous Power of Reading Aloud in the Age of Distraction by the Wall Street Journal children’s book reviewer Meghan Cox Gurdon.
10. Make reading a social activity.
Reading is a solitary pleasure, but reading in a community makes it even better. Ask compelling questions and give kids plenty of low-stress opportunities to talk about books. How about encouraging Lunch Bunch book clubs?
11. Try a whole-school read.
There’s a special connection created by shared book experiences. Scale this phenomenon. Elementary school classes can all read aloud the same title. Classics like E.B. White’s Charlotte’s Web appeal to a wide range of ages and have curriculum tie-in possibilities for any grade. Middle and high schools can select a title everyone reads to provoke important community conversations and build empathy. Check out the One School, One Book program website for ample resources.
Source: @busybrizzywithfirsties
12. Incorporate literacy into your morning announcements.
Get kids to stop chatting and start listening to the announcements with a fun literacy-themed component each day. Share a quote from a favorite book or book trivia fact. Or, share a joke of the day to build vocabulary and show students the fun of word play.
13. School leaders, be literacy leaders.
School administrators set the tone in a school in so many ways. Make sure authentically promoting reading is one of them. Be that principal who’s always carrying a book around, excited to talk about it with students. Be that principal who invites students into your office to browse your principal’s bookshelf or pick out a book to keep as a birthday treat.
14. Connect kids with authors.
It’s so powerful for kids to realize that books are created by real people. In-person author visits can be expensive, but virtual visits are a fantastic option. Author Kate Messner offers an extensive list of authors who Skype with classes for free. Writing to authors can also be a powerful exercise for kids. This post has some helpful tips.
15. Make it reading for the win.
Everyone’s loving the March book madness ideas on social media, but you don’t need to stop there. Organize a book pennant race during the World Series, a book Super Bowl (who will play the halftime show?), or host the Library Olympics à la Mr. Lemoncello. Who says reading can’t be a sport?
Source: @ramonarecommends
16.
Roll out the red carpet.
Source: Patch.com
Participating in a book award process as a class or school generates excitement about great titles and builds community around reading. Join in with one of the many state book award programs, submit a class nomination for the Nerdy Book Awards, or create your own. Do it up right: paparazzi, a red carpet, sunglasses, and feather boas are totally appropriate when you announce the big winners.
17. Take on a challenge.
A good challenge can build intrinsic motivation for reading. (Plus, checking off items on a list IS a reward, as to-do list addicts everywhere know.) Challenges can also encourage readers to try out books they might not otherwise have chosen. Brightly is a reliable resource for monthly reading challenges, or create your own.
18. Tap into the power of social media.
There are lots of ways to use Insta, Twitter, and Snapchat to get kids excited about reading and connect with the wider reading community. Have kids join the #bookstagrammer ranks to recommend books to others or create fake profiles for book characters. Even the act of publicly logging page-number progress or books read on a book-driven social platform like Goodreads can be motivating.
19. Change it up with theme days.
Inject a little novelty into reading time by planning special themed reading days. Grabbing a flashlight to curl up and read in a blanket fort on pajama day is a perennial favorite. You could also try a reading picnic outdoors, a book-themed treasure hunt in which the treasure is a stack of new books for your classroom library, or a fractured fairy tale day.
20. Host a community read aloud day.
What’s even more exciting than a teacher reading aloud a fantastic book? A firefighter reading it. Or a police officer. Or a local athlete, news anchor, or even a notable school face like the custodian or a favorite bus driver. Put the call out for volunteers to grab their favorite titles and spend time sharing them in classrooms.
Source: @theextraelementaryteacher
21. Celebrate book holidays.
There are plenty of other reading-themed celebration days in addition to Read Across America Day. How about bringing World Book Day to your school and ask everyone to dress up as a favorite book character? Or honor Día, (Children’s Book Day), a national celebration that promotes literacy for children from all backgrounds. Need more ideas? This month-by-month list of book-themed holidayshas plenty.
22. Get books in kids’ homes.
The power of book ownership is unparalleled for kids. Host a book giveaway event with your school’s book fair to make sure all kids get to bring home new books, even if they can’t buy them. Donalyn Miller and Colby Sharp’s book Game Changer! Book Access for All Kids has tons more ideas for getting books in kids’ hands (plus lots of online resources you can unlock with a hard copy purchase).
23. Celebrate libraries of all sizes.
Source: littlefreelibrary. org
You can’t beat the charm of a Little Free Library . Involve students in bringing one to your school or other community location, or create a list of existing local ones kids can seek out. Give your public library every shout out possible, too. Meet with your local librarians to determine barriers to kids’ public library use and work together to overcome them.
24. Provide virtual read-aloud alternatives.
Of course, there’s no perfect substitute for a snuggled up, in-person read aloud, but if you’re worried students don’t have anyone to read to them at home, offer an online substitute. The Internet loves Texas principal Dr. Belinda George, who hosts the Tucked-in Tuesday read aloud for her students each week via Facebook Live. Check out the WeAreTeachers Storytime series, too!
25. Highlight and support literacy champions in your wider community.
Source: Barbershop Books
We love hearing stories of literacy-themed community programs, like barbershops stocked with books, or efforts to bring books to places kids tend to hang around waiting, like the laundromat. Identify places where your students spend out-of-school time and offer to partner with community members to get kids reading when they’re not in class.
How does your school foster reading culture? Share your tips in our WeAreTeachers HELPLINE group on Facebook.
Plus, 21 ways to build background knowledge and support readers.
Interesting facts about literacy | Blog 4brain
Do you have any associations with September 8th? Yes, this is World Crane Day, and Tanker Day, and Lake Baikal Day. And it is also International Literacy Day, and it has been celebrated for several decades – since 1966. But even if this fact does not impress you, we think the facts about literacy, which we will cover in this article, will impress you.
By the way, if you do not attach much importance to literacy, we suggest reading the article “Literacy. Is it necessary in the modern world”, where we talk about why every person should be literate and educated. But for now, we will do without philosophy and reflection, so let’s immediately move on to the interesting.
Interesting Facts About Literacy
Here are some interesting facts about literacy that we have found through a little research. We will only briefly talk about some things, but we will touch on some things in more detail. To begin with, let’s talk about some of the facts that we learned about literacy in general:
- At the beginning of our era (after the birth of Christ), the Jews were the most literate people, and each Jewish city had its own school where they taught literacy.
- In ancient India, a woman’s literacy was equated with disgrace, because only priests and some men were allowed to write and read.
- In the era of Antiquity, the Greeks were considered especially literate. Boys were educated in schools, and mothers and nannies were responsible for the literacy of girls.
- In the Middle Ages, not even all noble people were literate; most of them only needed to develop oratorical skills to deliver speeches. Writing in those days was entrusted to scribes, and reading to readers.
- In the Age of Enlightenment, only representatives of the nobility could boast of literacy. Any girl from a noble family knew Latin, spoke fluently in French, wrote and read in her native language.
- The English philosopher of the 16th-17th centuries Francis Bacon, speaking about literacy, said that reading forms a full-fledged personality, discussion prepares it, and writing completes it.
- According to the compilers of the Oxford English Dictionary, the English term literacy, meaning “literacy”, began to be used in speech only in 1886, while the term illiteracy, meaning “illiteracy”, was in use since 1660 (by the way, in the dictionary English Samuel Jackson has the term “illiteracy”, but the term “literacy” is not in it).
- Generally, literacy refers to the ability to read and write. If a person cannot read, he is called illiterate, but if he cannot only write, the term “illiteracy” or “illiteracy” does not apply to him. Instead, they say that he suffers from dysgraphia.
- There is a concept of innate literacy. People who possess it are able to express their thoughts beautifully and concisely without much difficulty, write without errors and read quickly. However, these skills, of course, are absent at birth. There is only a predisposition to literacy, which allows people to learn faster and better than others.
And here is what we saw about the peculiarities of literacy in the world and different countries:
- UNESCO experts have calculated that today about 877 million people are absolutely illiterate in the world, and the majority are women.
- More than half of all illiterate people on Earth live in the South and East of Asia – out of ten people there, four cannot read. The percentage of people who cannot read is 37% in North Africa and 38% in the Arab countries. In the Caribbean and Latin America, 12% of the population never went to school.
- According to UNESCO, it is not only the world’s poorest countries that can “boast” of a low level of literacy. There are many illiterate people in countries with a fairly high economy, such as Brazil, Egypt and China. Despite this, China (as well as India and the United States) is dominated by the literate population.
- 3.6 billion people around the world can read and write simple texts, which is approximately 82% of the world’s adult population (people over 15).
- It is noted that people in the UK read on average about 5.3 hours a week and watch TV for more than 18 hours. Also in the UK in 2013, book publishers printed 184 thousand books with different titles. This means that every three minutes there was one new book.
- Since 1989, the Republic of Korea has presented the annual King Sejong Award for literacy work. Each laureate also receives a prize of $20,000.
There is also interesting information on the topic of male and female literacy:
- Two thirds of the world’s illiterate population are women.
- In Yemen, 69% of men and only 28% of women are literate, in Nepal 26% of women are literate and 62% of men are literate, and in Lesotho 70% of men are literate and 88.3% of women are literate.
- In Eastern Europe, the most illiterate women are found in Turkey, in Asia, in Indonesia, in North America, in the United States, and in Central America, in Guatemala.
- Literacy rates for men and women in South America and Western Europe are about the same.
- Only 19 countries in the world have more literate women than men. And in 41 countries of the world, the number of illiterate women is twice the number of illiterate men, plus the probability of being illiterate for a woman is twice as high as for a man.
Something interesting was also found about children’s literacy: only 60%.
A few words about youth and adult literacy in different countries:
- Young people in almost all countries of the world can read and write, and in only five countries less than half of the younger generation are literate. Four of these countries are in North Africa.
- The country with the highest youth literacy rate is Japan.
- East Asia has a youth literacy rate of 98.9%, and in eight of Asia’s twelve regions, 9 are literate at all5% of youth.
- Worldwide statistics show that the young population is more literate than the adult population. This is especially pronounced in African countries: in Central Africa, there are 13% fewer literate adults than young people, in the northern part – by 17%, and in the southeast – by 11%. Interestingly, in Japan, the same difference is only 1% nationwide.
Separately, it is worth mentioning literacy with regards specifically to Russia (here we give just a few facts; more information about literacy in the Russian Federation can be found in our article “Literacy. Is it needed in the modern world”):
- Until the beginning of the 20th century in Russia, literate writing in schools for the proletariat was obscene, and students who could write literately could easily be reported to the relevant authorities.
- According to the 2010 census, over 90% of Russians have graduated from high school and received higher education.
- Russia ranks first in the world in terms of the number of graduates (Canada and Israel are in third and third places, respectively).
- In the world list of the best educational institutions, two Russian universities are mentioned at once – Moscow State University (ranks 112th) and St. Petersburg State University (takes 251st place).
And, continuing the theme of Russia, it would not be superfluous to mention a few interesting facts about the Russian language:
- There are several unique words in the Russian language with three letters “e” in a row. These are the word “long-necked” (as well as other words ending in “-neck”) and the word “snake-eater”.
- In Russian there is only one single-syllable adjective – the word “evil”.
- There is one word in Russian with an unusual prefix “ko”, and this word is “back street”.
- In the Guinness Book of Records you can find the longest word in the world, and it is also Russian. That word is “highly contemplative.”
- In the spelling dictionary of the Russian Academy of Sciences there is another longest word in the Russian language – “water-mud-peat-paraffin treatment”.
- The rules of the Russian language allow you to come up with many very long words, for example, the word “eighty-four”. And if you try to designate the age of a tree or some space object according to the same principle, you can make an even longer word.
- In Russian there are no restrictions on the number of uses of prefixes “pra-“. It turns out that you can come up with an incredibly long word if you try to name your most distant ancestor, for example, the word “great-great-great-great-great-grandfather.”
- A literate person knows that the word “coffee” is masculine; “he”. However, in 2009, an order was issued by the Ministry of Education, according to which coffee also became neuter (i.e., “it”), so both options are correct today. By the way, according to philologists, after the word “coffee” went out of use, they simply forgot to change its gender in the dictionaries, so for a long time it was believed that coffee could only be “he”.
- To remember the correct use of the words “put on” and “put on”, you can use a simple mnemonic rule: “They put on Hope, and put on clothes.”
- For a long time there was an opinion that TV and radio announcers have the most literate speech. But this belongs to the past, because today announcers often allow themselves to make a variety of mistakes. It is not uncommon to hear a voice on the radio or TV saying “call,” “high,” “catalog,” “leisure,” “precedent,” or “drain” instead of “so much.”
- What do you think is the correct way to say: “go”, “go” or “go”? In fact, none of the options is correct, because. the verbs “to go” or “to go” have only an imperative form – “go”, “come” or “drop in”. You can use the word “drive”, but linguists believe that it is undesirable to use it in colloquial speech.
- You can’t say “I’ll win” or “I’ll win.” Oddly enough, but the verb “to win” does not have a form of the first person singular in the future tense. But you can replace it with the phrase “I will win.”
- In Russian there are no words “in general” and “in general”, there are only words “in general” and “in general”.
- If we turn to lexical literacy, the phrase “the best” sounds ridiculous – about the same as “more beautiful.”
- It is incorrect to say “loan me money” because to borrow means to borrow. You can’t borrow from someone – you can borrow from someone. It would be correct to ask to borrow money or ask if it is possible to borrow from someone.
If you want to learn more interesting things about the correct use of various words in the Russian language, or if you want to improve your literacy level in general, we recommend that you take our online Russian language program. If you are looking for something simpler, check out our article “How to quickly improve your literacy”, which has many useful exercises and ways to increase literacy.
And to sum up this short review of facts about literacy, we want to give a brief history of the emergence of International Literacy Day, because this is not just another red day of the calendar, but a truly significant date, which even has its own traditions.
International Literacy Day, its origin and meaning
As you already know, there are over 870 million illiterate adults and children on Earth today. The problem of literacy is of particular importance in countries where hostilities are often conducted, revolutions and civil unrest occur – in third world countries. This is what became the main prerequisite for the emergence of International Literacy Day, because it is designed to draw public attention to the problem presented.
On September 8, 1965, Tehran, the capital of Iran, hosted the world’s first conference of education ministers, which discussed the problems of eradicating illiteracy. And already in the next 1966, UNESCO, sharing the proposal of the conference members, proclaimed September 8 as the International Literacy Day, the purpose of which was to intensify the efforts of the world community to spread literacy.
Since then, on September 8, international conferences have been organized annually on a variety of topics related to literacy: Literacy and Health, Literacy Enables Development, Literacy Empowers, The Importance of Literacy for Women, Literacy in the Digital World ”, “Reading the past, writing the future”, etc. , and the Day itself began to acquire its own traditions and customs.
From now on September 8:
- competitions, quizzes, olympiads and open lessons are held, where teachers identify the most diligent, diligent and successful students;
- lectures are organized that highlight the problem of illiteracy of the world population and residents of individual states;
- meetings and conferences of teachers are organized with awards for the most outstanding specialists;
- literacy classes are held in libraries and educational institutions and specialized literature is presented to help improve the quality of people’s literacy;
- Activists in different countries are handing out leaflets on the streets with the rules of their native languages, books and magazines that increase the level of literacy.
Experts around the world unanimously recognize the need to deploy literacy programs aimed at “problem” groups of people (especially those who for some reason are deprived of the opportunity to study at school).
International Literacy Day develops and proposes innovative ways to address literacy challenges to improve the literacy rate of the world’s population in the future.
Today, International Literacy Day is celebrated around the world, and the celebration is attended by representatives of many states, governmental and non-governmental organizations, individuals, communities of all kinds, as well as educators, experts and students. September 8 also marks the awarding of international literacy prizes to those who have managed to come up with promising ideas.
As you can see for yourself, the problem of literacy in modern society is very acute, and the most serious attitude towards it is observed. We hope that this problem has at least some significance for you (we also recommend reading the article “Why it is important to be literate”), especially since the picture of the state of affairs on the presented topic, based on the facts presented by us, is not at all rosy.
Of course, we understand that not everyone is able to contribute to the spread of literacy among the illiterate population of the planet, but it is up to each of us to make sure that there will be at least one more literate person in the world. And all that is required is to practice your own literacy.
As for the facts about literacy itself, of course, we have presented far from everything that can be found. Therefore, if you also have some interesting information on this issue, we will be very grateful if you share it with us in the comments. We, in turn, wish you good luck and a clear understanding that literacy is one of the surest paths to personal happiness and the well-being of the society in which we live.
See you soon!
Keywords: 1 Russian
Author: Kirill Nogales
Get
Literacy day September 8 – History History, Idea of International Literacy Day
History History
September 8, The whole world celebrates day literacy . It was established by UNESCO on the recommendation of the World Congress of Ministers of Education for the Elimination of Illiteracy. The opening took place in Tehran (Iran) on September 8, 1965 years old.
The main idea of the holiday is to spread literacy in order to empower people. According to UNESCO, more than 260 million children in the world are not in school and about 617 million cannot read or count. There are also 750 million adults who have never been taught this.
Some statistics on Russia :
- According to the UN, Russia ranks 15th in terms of population literacy.
- There are about 500 thousand words in Russian.
- The lexicon of an average Russian has about 10 thousand words.
- In everyday life we use only 2-3 thousand words.
- The launch of Total Dictation has increased public interest in literacy.
But all over the world there are people who are not given literacy at the physical level. These are dyslexics.
What is dyslexia
Dyslexia is a difficulty in understanding individual letters and words that a person cannot associate with sounds. This happens because of the lack of formation or disintegration of mental functions.
Manifested in the persistence, typicality and repetition of errors in reading and writing:
- mixing and substitution of sounds, for example, C – Z;
- letter-by-letter reading, e.g. m-a-m-a;
- distortion of syllabic structure, for example, “obko” or “lokoob” instead of “cloud”;
- agrammatisms, that is, difficulties in perceiving sentences, for example, “the boy was walking, and then he fell, and then he got up, and this is the street, that’s how it was”;
- inability to search for words and letters, to answer the question “What is the text about?”;
- poor vocabulary;
- inaccurate understanding and use of words.
Small statistics :
- among children with a norm of intelligence of dyslexics is about 5%, and among children with mental retardation and severe speech disorders – about 50%;
- For every five dyslexic boys, there is only one girl with the same diagnosis.
Modern speech therapy distinguishes dyslexia – partial impairment and alexia – complete inability to master the skill of reading. Both can be isolated, that is, only such a violation, but more often in combination with dysgraphia – a violation of writing, when a child confuses or skips letters.
Foxford Home School also has these children. Today we will talk about one of them.
Margaret Bernstein’s story
Presenter, reporter, tiktoker. Filmed in the show and wants to develop in this. Travels with parents and studies online.
How did you know you had dyslexia?
I learned about dyslexia at school. I was probably in the 1st or 2nd grade when all the children were taken to the school psychologist. After testing it, I was told that I have dysgraphia, like many children at this age. I took it more seriously in the 6th-7th grade in order to pass the OGE normally: I began to additionally study in a mini-group, which was selected by the class teacher. Everyone there was struggling with dysgraphia. Then it turned out that I also have dyslexia. I have a hard time reading: I confuse letters, especially similar ones. For example, Sh and Sh.
What were or are there learning difficulties?
In a regular school, I always got deducted for making mistakes. My main difficulty is reading and math. During the first one, the letters are confused, and it is difficult for me to pronounce the text aloud. Despite this, I always participated in performances and memorized lines already at the moment when everyone had only a reading by roles. I didn’t tell anyone about it. If it’s mathematics, then I can mix it up and write, for example, instead of 12 – 21 or rewrite the example in a notebook, and decide something completely different.
Now I am a student at Foxford and there are no particular difficulties. I am not given separate tasks, and in those that are, you do not need to write by hand. Sometimes I’m afraid to open tasks in subjects that I don’t know at all, but then, when I start solving, I understand that everything is not so scary, and I’m fine with it. Plus, in many tasks there are answer options: when I don’t agree, I start checking what I wrote and find errors.
What advice can you give to children with dyslexia?
I would advise you not to hide. Then people, including teachers, will treat this with understanding.
<
Margot was a revelation to me. It is always pleasant to meet young interlocutors who are not torn by anxious expectations from reality. She is so surprisingly open to learning, while being attentive to details and not divorced from reality.
I must note the great merit of the parents that the girl is so well adapted. I didn’t even immediately realize that Margot was dyslexic. The calmness of mom and dad, who accept the peculiarity of their child, and the transmission of confidence for his future is one of the guarantees that a good person will grow up.
MAOU of the Order of Friendship of Peoples Gymnasium No. 3 named after. A.M. Gorky » INTERNATIONAL LITERACY DAY
The meaning of Literacy Day and the history of its appearance
For many centuries, a person has been drawn to the knowledge of everything that surrounds him. A literate person always aroused respect, they looked up to him, listened to him.
Initially, literacy was the ability to read and write in one’s native language (literacy – from the Greek grammata – reading and writing), but over time this concept has acquired a broader meaning. Now a literate person can be called someone who has knowledge in various areas of life.
Every inhabitant of our planet should have the right to free access to education, but, unfortunately, to this day there are many places on Earth where neither children nor adults, for one reason or another, have the opportunity to fully learn.
According to UNESCO, almost 750 million people around the world are still practically unable to read and write! This problem is especially relevant for the female population, since in some isolated communities they do not consider it necessary to educate girls, believing that their main purpose is to procreate and run a household.
Some may argue that this is a personal matter for each individual tribe or family, but literacy is not only reading and writing, but also an indicator of the development of society in general and the individual in particular. A person who has seen nothing in his life but hard work is probably well acquainted with the world of wildlife, but does not have the slightest idea, for example, about medicine. And this is a direct threat to health. Not to mention that he simply does not know that there is another life outside of his hut, and does not have the right to choose.
Realizing the importance of the educational process and attaching great importance to its dissemination among the population, UNESCO in 1966 established the International Literacy Day.
International Literacy Day is celebrated on September 8, 1965, when, during the solemn opening ceremony of the World Conference of Ministers of Education on the Eradication of Illiteracy in Tehran, its participants recommended the establishment of a special date designed to promote literacy among people living even in the most disadvantaged countries in terms of these indicators corners of the globe.
On December 7, 1987, the United Nations General Assembly, in its Resolution No. A/RES/42/104, proclaimed 1990 the “International Year of Literacy”. On January 18, 2002, in a similar document under No. A / RES / 56/116, she approved the “United Nations Literacy Decade” from January 1, 2003. A year later, by resolution No. literacy”, in which UNESCO is appointed as the coordinating body.
During the UN World Education Forum, which took place in Dakar (Senegal) in April 2000, commitments were made to improve the quality of education and literacy rates by 2015. One of the activities is to carry out activities to develop the degree of education of girls and women who, for various reasons, do not attend (did not attend) school. Every year this international holiday is dedicated to a different theme, but the goal remains the same – to increase the literacy rate of the population.
The idea of eradicating illiteracy turned out to be close to many, so the years from 2002 to 2012 were recognized as the decade of literacy. A plan of international events was approved, coordinated by UNESCO. Several awards have been established for the most outstanding achievements in the fight against illiteracy.
Since then, this day has been celebrated every year around the world. Conferences and meetings are held in libraries, scientific and cultural centers, where issues of increasing the level of literacy among the population are discussed, brochures and leaflets on this topic are distributed. Educational institutions organize various competitions, quizzes and tests for literacy and knowledge of the native language.
The main goal of Day is to intensify the efforts of the international community to promote literacy, one of the main areas of action of UNESCO, as a tool for empowering individuals, communities and communities.
Unfortunately, in the realities of the modern world, not every person can at least write or read. Somewhere, for primary education, one child has to raise funds for the whole family. In some countries education for women is considered unnecessary and unnatural. Lack of schools, constant wars, a way of life that prohibits certain segments of the population from studying, all these moments are fundamental factors in the absence of education or the impossibility of obtaining it.
Moreover, despite notable progress in many countries, according to UNESCO, there are 750 million adults in the world (102 million of them young people aged 15-24) who lack basic literacy skills. Six out of ten children and adolescents (617 million) do not reach the minimum levels of proficiency in reading and numeracy. Approximately 267 million children are not in school.
It is to eradicate such serious problems that it is necessary to remember the importance of obtaining knowledge for everyone, the need to be literate and not stop developing and learning.
Interesting Facts
World statistics have shown that a larger percentage of illiterates (37% of adults) live in India.
The 2010 population census showed that in Russia 91% of the country’s inhabitants have basic general and higher education, of which 60% have vocational education. Thus, the number of illiterates has decreased by almost 2 times in comparison with 2002.
Every year Literacy Day has a theme. So, in different years it was held under the mottos: “The value of literacy for women”, “Literacy expands personal opportunities”, “Literacy and health”, “Literacy ensures sustainable development”, “Reading the past, writing the future”, “Literacy in the digital world”. ”, “Literacy and skills development”, “Literacy and multilingualism”, etc.
Holiday traditions
Literacy Day in Russia has an interesting tradition. For several years now, anyone who has long completed their studies can refresh their knowledge by writing test dictations, or be tested to test their knowledge in various disciplines.
Master classes and conferences are traditionally held in city libraries on this day. Free readings, competitions of drawings, essays, poems are organized with the presentation of diplomas and memorable gifts.
Volunteers visit nursing homes, children’s hospitals, organizing training courses, reading aloud classics, small performances.
Interesting facts for lovers of literature
- Turkish yakamoz is recognized as the most beautiful word in the whole world culture, which literally means “reflecting the light of the moon in water”.
- The longest word in Russian consists of no less than 29 letters. Try to read without hesitation: “water-mud-peat-paraffin treatment”.
- As you know, the Russian language is great and powerful. A word with five consonants in a row – easily: “wakefulness.” Four vowels side by side in one word – easy: “radio air navigation.”
- In Russian, there are words where three letters “e” go in a row, for example, “short-necked” and all derivatives from it. And also this word “snake-eater”, although it is quite difficult to imagine the context of its use.
- Linguists use the term hapax to refer to a word that occurs only once in a given language. As a rule, any native speaker will understand its meaning, but there are also those that even scientists cannot decipher. What it is: errors of interpretation or mistranslation – no one knows yet. In Russian, such a hapax is the word “Rusichi”. In ancient Russian texts, it was used only in the “Word of Igor’s Campaign”, but now it is one of the most popular synonyms for the Slavs.
- The most pleasant English lexeme for foreigners was “mother”. Words such as “smile”, “love” and “eternity” also got here. By the way, German expressions are usually considered the longest, but in English there is a term that consists of more than 1900 letters. This is a description of one of the chemical formulas. It makes no sense to write it, because it will take up almost a page of text.
- One of the Welsh towns is called Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwyll-llantysiliogogogoch. Try reading this title.
Malaysia went even further and came up with the longest abbreviation. SKOMKHPHKJCDPWB is the name of the corporation that is engaged in banking operations. Can you imagine how long its decoding will look like?
Are you laughing at the Malays? Here is the longest Russian abbreviation for you, try to read it:
NIIOMTPLABOPARMBETZHELBETRABSBORMONIMONKONO.
- An interesting phenomenon is palindromes, that is, words or sentences that read the same way from left to right and from right to left. It is especially curious if the palindrome is not limited to one word (madam), but consists of a whole phrase. Examples: “And you yourself are full.”
- We do not even realize that many of the words that have firmly entered our vocabulary were invented by writers and scientists, and were first used in literary works or scientific works. So, “Lilliputians” are the creation of Jonathan Swift, and “diameter”, “square” and “acid”, “minus”, “balance” and “refraction” are the gifts of Mikhail Lomonosov to grateful descendants; Fyodor Dostoevsky introduced “shuffle” into literature.
NEW WORDS IN RUSSIAN
Our world is becoming more and more virtual: communication, financial transactions, and leisure take place there. And no matter how some people try to escape from digital captivity, life makes them dive deeper and deeper on the other side of the monitor. 2020 has driven even more people into cyberspace, because the whole life has gone to the so-called “remote work”: for many months people have been forced to work, study, shop and communicate without leaving home. And the Internet has not only its own laws and rules, but also its own language, which is faster and faster with our native Russian. Since the World Wide Web as a phenomenon comes from the West, the terminology there is English.
As for the native language, in 2020 alone there were 675 new words in it – those that the Vinogradov Institute of the Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences included in the spelling dictionary. Most of them have been used in computer, business or youth slang for a long time, but are officially recognized only now. That is, a specific spelling and emphasis was assigned to them. And some words that originally existed in the language have now acquired additional meaning. For example, “bubble” (the resumption of the sports league within the quarantine zone), “remote work” (work or study via video link), “corona” (covid, coronavirus).
Note that the vocabulary of the Russian language is replenished not only through borrowings. Sometimes neologisms are formed by themselves: from abbreviations, for example, such as the word “zozh” (healthy lifestyle), PR (PR – from English public relation) and others that got into the dictionary in 2020.
Sometimes words get into the language with the light hand of pop artists. So, thanks to Mikhail Zadornov, words such as “stray” (the Russian analogue of the English “gadget”) or “self” (again, the Russian translation of the word “selfie”) began to appear in our speech. Then the writer-humorist laid the foundation for the Russification of popular English words, and, who knows, perhaps his initiative will be taken up. No matter how our language develops, no matter how it is replenished with foreign words, it should not lose its originality, because the language is the soul and face of the people.
Examples and meanings of new words in Russian
Troll
what is called “thick or rude trolling” in Internet slang) or, in a more harmless version, “to ironize”, “to tease”.
It is worth noting that this word has nothing to do with trolls as characters of Scandinavian mythology, nor with trolleybuses. It comes from the English troll, which means “to catch on a lure”, and in this context, simply “to catch”.
Demo
Common abbreviation for demo. Most often used in relation to the “probes” of various computer programs and applications for smartphones. Usually demo versions (by the way, this word is spelled together, not with a hyphen) have a limited duration and reduced functionality so that users can test and subsequently purchase a full-fledged program. The word is also used in relation to samples of any other product.
healthy lifestyle, healthy lifestyle
In the age of written communication on the Internet and the eternal lack of time, the language is constantly moving along the path of shortening and simplifying words, so not everyone remembers that healthy lifestyle is just an abbreviation. The abbreviation HLS, which stands for “healthy lifestyle”, has been known and used for a long time. A derivative appeared from it – a “zozhnik”, that is, a person leading a healthy lifestyle. The word has become a full-fledged noun and it is written that way – zozhnik. No “ZOZHnik”, “ZOZHnik” and other forms are allowed.
Time management
This word is a tracing paper from the English time management. Translated into Russian, it literally means “time management”. The word has become very popular in the last couple of decades, when the rhythm of life has become more intense and fast. To cope with all the planned affairs, it is necessary to use your time as rationally as possible, writing literally every minute of the 24 hours allotted to us a day. And the more competently this time is scheduled and spent, the more effective our work will become and the less damage it will cause to health and psyche. That is why the term “time management” has become so important today that even in 2020 it was included in the Russian language dictionary.
Podcast
Originally, the term meant only the creation of audio or video messages using iPod gadgets (hence the first syllable of the word). Then the concept spread to any audio, and more often video files that are regularly published on any one Internet resource. Most often, this is one of the social networks adapted for this format. These can be travel reports, needlework or cooking workshops, scenes from life and much more.
Fake
Another word that has long and firmly entered the vocabulary of Internet users, but was “legalized” only in 2020. It is related to the words “fiction”, “fictitious”, that is, “fake”, “false”. The word “fake” today denotes false information published on the Internet in order to mislead readers.
Sometimes fakes are made so skillfully that they make the majority believe in them. These can be very high-quality images processed in photo editors, talentedly written texts. So, an example of a good historical photo-fake can be called “photographs of fairies” published at the beginning of the 20th century. Even the great Arthur Conan Doyle himself counted them as authentic and was very impressed with them. However, later experts proved that the images of winged dancing creatures were nothing more than silhouettes cut out of paper, nailed to the board with tiny carnations.
If you use this word often, remember: “fake” is spelled with [e], not [e], even if you pronounce a hard sound.
Dislike
Everyone knows what likes are. The word comes from English like, that is, “like”. On the Internet, it has become a symbol of approval, very convenient for those who do not have time or who are simply too lazy to write a positive review for someone’s publication. However, the opportunity to somehow express their disapproval turned out to be no less in demand, and again, not everyone has the time, opportunities, and, to be honest, the courage to express their disagreement verbally, but anyone can press a special button – dislike.
Subsequently, the concept of “dislike” began to refer to a negative attitude towards anything in general. Remember how the word is spelled: through voiced [h].
Selfie
The word comes from the English reflexive suffix -self, meaning attitude towards oneself and similar to the Russian suffix “-s” in the words: “wash”, “return” and others. They, in turn, are nothing more than an abbreviation for the word “myself,” that is, “myself,” “I return myself,” and so on.
The concept of “selfie” arose with the advent of front-facing cameras on smartphones, although it must be said that people began taking pictures of themselves much earlier, but this was not so massive due to technical difficulties. Today, selfies are considered to be the epitome of narcissism. However, rather, it is a symbol of the loneliness and disunity of our time, because first of all, those who want to immortalize themselves against a beautiful background photograph themselves, and there is no one to ask to do this.
The Russian spelling dictionary insists that the word “selfie” should be written with a soft [e], like “fake”. Why is that? The fact is that borrowings with hard sounds, getting used to the Russian language, soften over time. That is why we mostly pronounce “cream” and not “cream”.
Repost
One of the functions of absolutely all social networks is the ability to repost messages, that is, post someone else’s post (publication, message) on your page, of course, with a link to the source, which is written automatically, or send a link to someone else’s a post addressed to one of your subscribers. And this function is in great demand, because sometimes it happens that someone managed to say exactly what is incredibly appealing to another. Or a cry for help is published on the page, which certainly needs to be replicated. And it happens that it is thanks to the possibility of reposts that it is possible to raise money for an operation on a sick child or find a lost dog.
This word also came to us from the English language. In the original, it is written like this – repost. Means “repost” or “repost”. The last one is the adaptation of the word in Russian.
Car sharing
This term was formed from two English words at once: car – “car” and share – “share”. Car sharing is a type of short-term car rental. For example, if you came on a business trip for one day, but you definitely need to have time to visit many places in the city. Or if on vacation you want to visit as many sights as possible in a couple of days, car sharing is just right for you – daily or even hourly car rental.
Remember: the word is written together, without a hyphen between the parts “kar” and “sharing”.
English words in Russian
Like a post on my food blog! This phrase is understandable to everyone, despite the fact that 90% of it consists of anglicisms – borrowings from the English language. These words have become so firmly established in our lives that the sentence “Put “like” under the picture in my culinary diary” will seem rather strange and even incomprehensible, although it sounds in our native Russian language.
English words began to occupy the territory of the Russian language as early as the beginning of the 16th century. Then trade relations began between the two countries, and English-language designations for measures, weights, monetary units and titles (pound, shilling, mister, sir) burst into Russian speech. Since then, the Russian language has been actively replenished with Anglicisms. At first, this happened thanks to English specialists in the field of trade, medicine, shipbuilding, and military affairs. Now English dominates the world stage. This fact explains the popularity of English words in our country.
However, not everyone shared the love of borrowing. At the beginning of the 19th century, a whole literary society even appeared, which called for a fight against “foreignness” and advocated the preservation of Slavic linguistics. Members of this movement, led by Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin, proposed replacing the words “galoshes”, “labyrinth” and “individuality” with “wet shoes”, “wandering” and “yaynost”. As you can see, the idea did not find wide support, and foreign words confidently continued to force out Russian ones.
Perhaps you will say that Derzhavin was right, and the phrase “Like a post on my food blog” makes you bewildered. Many scold social networks, the Internet and even modern education for the spread of foreign vocabulary. Some people think that borrowings from English clog Russian speech. But the history of the language clearly shows that the appearance of English words in Russian is a natural language process. Once upon a time, the words “park”, “elevator”, “shorts” also seemed alien. However, now their use is not surprising. It is possible that time will pass, and the word “like” will become so native that no one will remember that the word is English.
Examples of English words in Russian And some appeared recently, but have already managed to get into dictionaries. These examples of English words in Russian show that we use English every day and don’t even know it.
Fitness
Fitness has confidently replaced the Russian phrase “general health-improving exercises”. This word comes from the English word to fit, which means “to fit”, “to be in good shape.” In our country, this word became popular in the late 80s. It was then that the first official fitness club appeared. Later, the lexeme “wellness” (from the English wellness – “well-being”) came into Russian speech, and with it the first wellness clubs.
Quiz
At first glance, the word seems to be an abbreviation or even a set of letters. In part, this may be true, since a legend is associated with this word. The owner of one English theater argued that he would be able to replenish the English language with a new word in the shortest possible time. A savvy man wrote a set of letters quiz. He handed out sheets with an incomprehensible word to street boys, and they, in turn, wrote this word on the walls throughout the city. A few hours later, the townspeople were just talking about it. People themselves decided that the word unfamiliar to them before this means “test”. Subsequently, in Russia, the lexeme “quiz” easily replaced the words “quiz” and “intellectual game”.
Boycott
This word, referring to the means of political and economic struggle, is familiar to us from childhood. It happened on behalf of the English manager Charles Boycott, a stern and ruthless man. Because of his heavy temper, the people refused to have anything to do with him. Since then, such a punishment has been called a “boycott”, and 27 years after this event, anglicism appeared in Russian dictionaries.
Clutch
Clutch is a convoluted word with lots of consonants and only one vowel. It came from the English language, where the verb clutch has the meaning of “clamp”, “grab”. This is exactly what explains the style of wearing this accessory: due to the lack of a strap, this handbag must be wrapped around your fingers and pressed against your thigh.
Hot dog
We buy a hot dog for a snack and try not to think about what this word means. Literally from English, “hot dog” is translated as “hot dog”. The dish itself did not appear in England, but in Germany, where one of the butchers made long sausages, calling them Dachshundwurst, literally “dachshund sausage”. At the beginning of the 20th century, the American artist Dargan decided to draw a sausage roll. The illustrator knew the translation of the word, but did not know the exact German spelling. The decision came instantly: Dargan signed the work in his native language – Hot dog. Well, he conveyed the general meaning, and we have been using the word itself for more than 100 years.
Ketchup
The true friend of the hot dog appeared in the English language at the end of the 17th century. Then, by the way, ketchup had nothing to do with tomatoes. It was a product based on fish brine with mushrooms, beans and anchovies. The seasoning, called ketchup by the British, spread very quickly throughout Europe. But the ketchup recipe familiar to us appeared only at the beginning of the 20th century. But who will remember now that the favorite sauce for the May barbecue used to be pickle, and the word itself is English.
Jeans
This piece of clothing, originally intended as work clothes for farmers, is familiar to every inhabitant of Russia. The word itself entered the Russian language in the second half of the 20th century. Since then, it would never occur to us to replace the familiar English word with “trousers made of thick cotton fabric with riveted seams on the pockets.”
Shampoo
This word is very common in our speech, but it came from the English language. It is noteworthy that the word “shampoo”, which appeared in England in 1762, first meant “massage”. This is due to the opening of a new bathhouse in Brighton. Its uniqueness lay in the fact that they did a massage with soap diluted in water and the addition of incense.
Sweater
Do you think that the word for such a cozy thing comes from Slavic linguistics? The truth is cruel, but we will reveal it to you. “Sweater” comes from the English verb to sweat, which means “sweat”. At the end of the 19th century in Europe, the sweater was a means of losing weight. Doctors recommended to go in for sports in a warm sweater, which increased sweating and promoted fat burning.
Tractor, tractor driver
These words seem familiar to us. However, “tractor” comes from the English track (track – the main element of the caterpillar). It was in England at the end of the 19th century that the first steam tractor appeared. In Russia, the value of tractors was assessed only after 1917. For 104 years of development of industry and agriculture, “tractor” has ceased to be perceived as an anglicism. Moreover, the tractor in the field has become associated with the Russian village, daisies and birches.
Expert opinion
Julia Gornoskul, linguist-translator, literary editor:
– In the 20th century, the era of English began – this language has an international status and capacious words that just ask for language. Borrowing is a natural result of interaction with the outside world. They appear when people master some new sphere for them. For example, we adopted shipbuilding vocabulary from the Dutch language, since such concepts simply did not exist in Russia. Our military vocabulary is predominantly German, ranging from “soldier” to “headquarters”. English opened the spheres of sports, law, computer science to us. Moreover, many words are perceived as native: few people know that goal literally means “target”, and “hooligan” is generally an Irish surname that first surfaced in British newspapers in 1898 year. The point is that we have a very flexible language; he quickly “runs in” foreign words. If the borrowing does not contain sound combinations that cut the Russian ear (as in the word “merchandising”), then it gradually grows into the fabric of the language. Anglicisms often boast interesting origins. For example, an innocent “cellophane”, which in fact turned out to be soldered from “cellulose” and “diaphane”. This is the so-called “word-wallet” with two compartments – such in the multitude came up with Lewis Carroll. Or “quark”, which through centuries and languages goes back to our word “cottage cheese”.
Of course, there have always been both lovers of flaunting new words and fierce opponents of “foreignness”. The former want to keep up with the times and be “in trend” (using Anglicism). It is important to know the measure here. The writer Boleslav Prus compared speech heavily seasoned with foreign words to a face covered with a rash. Agree, this is a very accurate image.
The latter are worried that anglicisms are littering our, by the way, very rich language. There are three points to be considered here.
Firstly, he is the richest precisely due to all sorts of borrowings from different languages, which everyone sincerely considers Russian words, for example: “brick”, “herring”, “seamstress”, “snake”.
Secondly, anglicisms always have a slightly different connotation, degree of expression – that’s why they settle in the language. Why did we borrow “clutch” when we have “bag”? Because a “clutch” is exactly a small envelope that is “squeezed” (clutch) in the hand. The Russian word “handbag” does not convey these details.
Third, borrowing has an expiration date. The word is alive as long as it is used. Well, who now knows what “Spencer” is? But the “jacket” (pea-jacket) is not even going to lose ground.
Language is a living organism, it itself filters out obsolete and unnecessary concepts. It is impossible to predict whether the words “trigger”, “flashback” and “glamour” will become as native as the anglicisms “rail”, “square” or “wagon”. How long will the verbs “google” and “like” stay with us? We can only watch the development of the language – and this is a fascinating activity.
Maria Fomina, linguist:
– English words significantly enrich the Russian language. Each borrowed word does not appear in our speech by chance and has certain reasons for its appearance. Sometimes we lack the resources of our native language to express the features of certain processes. That is why anglicisms appear in everyday life. For example, the word “shopping” is not just a trip to one store, but a whole complex, which includes accompanying entertainment: a cafe, a hairdresser and others. Or the word “brand” is not just a manufacturer of goods, but a brand with a reputation.
Also, borrowed words are often used in technical, scientific and business vocabulary. For example: “collapse”, “regeneration”, “device”, “consulting”.
Recently, more and more borrowings are found in the lexicon of adolescents. Tribute to fashion, not otherwise. Borrowing words such as “selfie”, “google”, “share”, “hater”, “feedback” are firmly entrenched. Obviously, the appearance of new words enriches the language, but, in my opinion, makes it difficult to understand native speech, and can negatively affect traditional grammar. Yes, anglicisms boldly and confidently enter the culture of our communication, but, most importantly, everything should be justified and in moderation.