How to promote cognitive development in preschoolers: Play & cognitive development: preschoolers
10 Ways to Boost Cognitive Development in Preschoolers | Illumine
Neelabja Adkuloo
Published 29th Nov 2022
Did you know by the time a child is in preschool, their cognitive potential has grown by 99%?
It’s exciting to observe the changes in how a preschooler thinks, communicates, and solves problems.
However, if you lack proper knowledge of the milestones and warning signs in preschool cognitive development stages, you can’t confirm if a 5 year old should start to understand the concept of time or do basic addition.
This blog post unwraps the cognitive expectations from a preschooler and takes a close look at how teachers and providers can help promote overall cognitive development in preschoolers.
Table of Contents
What are the cognitive skills in preschoolers?
With practice, time, and experience, preschoolers can likely:
- balance on a board or a beam
- count 10+ items
- ride a tricycle
- recall bits and pieces of a story
- imagine what is going to happen next in a story
- tell a story
- dance and sing
- imitate the behavior of those around them
- learn their daily routine
- throw or kick a ball/hop/skip/run/jump/swing
- make friends and socialize with them
- dress and undress themselves
- cut paper with scissors or tear it with their hands
- name 5+ colors
- play games, like puzzles
- categorize and sort objects
- understand concepts, like big and small, tall and short
- ask lots of questions about news stories/death/sexuality/gender. For example, your 4 year old may ask, “Where do babies come from?”
- laugh at jokes
- develop a sense of humor
- understand the concept of time, like past, present, and future
- write or copy shapes, letters, or numbers
- negotiate for things they want
- not understand what’s real and what’s fiction
- recognize and write their name
- walk along a straight line, a circle, or up the stairs
Milestones in cognitive development in preschoolers
Kids aged 3
- Sorts items by color or shape
- Plays with dolls and stuffed animals
- Makes toys work
- Matches an item in their room to a picture in a book
- Completes puzzles with 3 pieces
- Understands concept of the number ‘two’
- Draws or copies simple shapes, like a circle
Kids aged 4
- Identifies and names colors
- Counts from 0-5 correctly
- Starts to understand time
- Follows commands with 2-3 instructions given simultaneously
- Remembers parts of a story
- Imagines what will happen next in a story
- Draws a person with 3-4 body parts
Kids aged 5
- Counts 10 or more items accurately
- Names 4+ colors
- Understands the concept of time better
- Understands things used in everyday lives like soap, money, food
- Draws a person with 5-6 body parts
- Writes letters and numbers independently
- Draws or copies geometric shapes, like a polygon
Milestones yet to be achieved by preschoolers
Remember that milestones are not rigid rules for how a child is expected to develop. Instead, they provide a framework for what to expect from a child’s preschool cognitive development stages. Having said that, you may NOT see these changes in the cognitive development of the preschoolers yet:
- Stands up from a seated posture
- Repeats an activity after observing only once
- Recalls the position of objects by memory
- Responds to a great variety of new situations
- Perception of depth and skilled hand-eye coordination
How to promote preschool cognitive development
Here are 10 easy play ideas based on developmentally appropriate practices that you can use with preschoolers:
1. Play outdoors or take short excursions
Unstructured play is vital for boosting a child’s exposure to varied experiences and their imaginative skills. Visit a playground, zoo, or a picnic spot to allow them to explore and navigate the unknown world. You can also get artistic and invite them to an outdoor tea party you host with an astronaut, a sailor, a vet, etc.
If you and the child are pretending to be vets, you could say ‘What’s wrong with the animal we’re taking care of?’ or ‘How do you think we can make the animal feel okay?’
2. Boost preschool cognitive development with creative activities
Encourage preschoolers to engage in arts and crafts, drawing, painting, molding, and creating things out of waste. For example, you can use play dough to make miniature animals or you can color white rice to make rainbow rice bins .
3. Hand them puzzles and sorting-based games
By the age of three, a toddler should be able to identify pieces of a puzzle and sort objects based on color, shape, size, and texture. To hone this ability, incorporate cognitive activities for preschoolers that require some form of sorting in their daily routine.
For example, get them to stack rings in ascending or descending order or motivate them to match an animal with their offspring. You can also test their judgment and rationale with card or board games like chutes and ladders, teaching them to take turns, share, and solve problems in the physical world.
4. Practice letters, numbers, and counting
Repeat letters and numbers to familiarize toddlers with them and ask them to recall the sequence once they’re acquainted. You can also encourage them to practice counting with hands-on activities, like counting watermelon seeds .
Using flashcards is a great way to recall letters, if you practice with them regularly.
5. Encourage singing rhymes and songs
Nursery rhymes are not just fun to sing, they can be highly stimulating and their recall value is also high. They teach children to build their vocabulary and repeat language patterns, improving their auditory memory.
Exposing kids to finger rhymes, haikus, and folk songs sets them up for success with reading and is entertaining in equal measure. You can even practice recognising animal sounds with nursery and action rhymes.
6. Narrate stories with images
The difference between a child with a basic vocabulary and a developed vocabulary is reading. By reading to the child, you’ll be developing their:
- Memory
- Language patterns
- Imaginative skills
- Listening skills
- Attention span
You’re the primary source of the child’s language in their formative years, which is why it’s important you unravel the world of literature for them. Ask them questions about a character’s intentions or what they imagined an alternate ending to a story would have been.
7. Play with musical instruments to boost auditory cognitive skills
Banging on utensils, playing with a noisy basket, and beating on a drum with drumsticks can develop a toddler’s sense of music, honing their dexterity. Try to vary children’s experiences by offering different musical instruments. For example, introduce drums and after a couple days, swap it for a piano. This will encourage the children to think of new ways to play.
8. Pretend-play with household and kitchen toys
Symbolic play or make-believe play pushes a child out of their comfort zone, forcing them to think of new ways to act. For example, when a toddler uses a block representing a mobile phone, they’ve to pretend to talk on it. Similarly, they can even pretend the block is a knife and cut food items with it.
If they’re able to act the part, it means their brain has developed the ability to connect an object with a symbol representing something else.
9. Understand cause and effect with button toys
Button toys stimulate children to actively practice cause-and-effect thinking, propelling them to see the relationship between cause and effect (e.g. He’s sick, hence he can’t go to school). A simple button that lights up, makes a sound, or performs an activity helps children exercise their rational skills.
10. Practice passing through a maze or an obstacle course
Grab a roll of painter’s tape and make a maze on your floor, patio, or driveway to hone a toddler’s problem-solving skills. Through this activity, children are forced to push the limits of their mental faculties to guide their bodies, balls, or toys through the maze.
You can even use tables, chairs, big crates, or huge blocks to build an obstacle course indoors or outdoors.
Illumine is designed for preschool cognitive development
It is important for childcare centers to have a strong curriculum in place to support preschool cognitive development in the first five years of a toddler’s life.
Illumine is the one single solution that caters to your center’s overall needs – from lesson planning, activity monitoring, assessment and observation sharing, to, parent engagement, billing and payments, and more!
Not only that, Illumine makes it less time-consuming for busy teachers to provide high-quality education by reducing the amount of time spent on planning developmentally appropriate lessons, saving hours of time each week, which in turn saves the center’s costs.
Being able to do a multitude of things with one single platform simplifies preschool classroom management, helping teachers focus their energies on creating interactive and effective preschool cognitive activities.
Talk to an Illumine expert today to get a tailored childcare solution that caters to every child’s unique preschool cognitive development needs at your center.
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Cognitive Development – Eastern
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The videos and resources below illustrate the important role that early childhood providers play in supporting children’s cognitive development. By carefully preparing materials and the environment, thoughtfully planning learning experiences, providing scaffolding as needed, and taking advantage of teachable moments, adults can help children develop the skills to understand the world around them and eagerly approach learning opportunities. Some of the concepts covered in these videos include:
- Encouraging problem-solving in the classroom
- Making planful choices when arranging the classroom environment
- The value and importance of play
- Using active music and play experiences to support infant and toddler thinking
Providing Opportunities for Experimentation and Problem-Solving
In this “Reflection from the Field” video, preschool teacher Karen DelMastro describes how she purposefully plans experiences to provide children with opportunities to experiment and solve problems. Through supplying a variety of materials and intentional creation of “problems” for the children to solve, she offers rich experiences for her students.
See more
Supporting Critical Thinking in Toddlers
In this “Reflection,” a teacher shares strategies for supporting the development of toddlers’ critical thinking skills. She brings the children’s attention to their thinking and prompts them to talk about their observations. Through conversation, she scaffolds their learning by lending support to their ideas and challenging them to expand their thinking. She also describes her thought processes for the children’s benefit.
See more
Incorporating Motor Play in the Preschool Curriculum
Part of the “Supporting Children’s Physical and Outdoor Play” series, this video explains how active play promotes children’s learning, and provides ways that adults can incorporate motor play in the classroom to increase engagement.
See more
TIMPANI Toy Study
The Center’s annual TIMPANI (Toys that Inspire Mindful Play and Nurture Imagination) Toy Study researches how young children in natural settings play with a variety of toys and identifies toys that best engage children in intellectual, creative, social, and verbal interactions in preschool classrooms.
See more
The Importance of Play
Research shows that play has an essential role in children’s learning. This video discusses the importance of play and advises early childhood professionals to look at several elements of children’s play, including engagement in make-believe play, social interaction during play, and play complexity.
See More
Using Math Talk with preschoolers to Support Learning
This video explains the importance of talking with children about numbers and encouraging them to explain their mathematical processes. When teachers and children engage in regular conversations about quantities, measurement, and size, children will gain mathematical and general cognitive skills.
See more
Supporting Thinking in Infants and Toddlers Through Active Music and Play Experiences
Research shows that movement supports children’s cognitive development. Part of the “Supporting Children Through Physical and Outdoor Play” series, this video explores ways to use music and active play experiences to help infants and toddlers learn cause and effect.
See more
Cognitive development according to the Federal State Educational Standard in a preschool educational institution for children of preschool age: tasks
Cognitive development in the preschool period teaches a child to navigate in the environment, think correctly, and clearly perceive information. Thanks to various types of visual activity, young children learn to compare, generalize, analyze the simplest cause-and-effect relationships.
Cognitive development – what is it in pedagogy
Cognitive development of preschoolers is a structure aimed at shaping the child’s personal experience. Through the learning process, the child can receive and then analyze all the information. Teachers correctly select the material, taking into account the age characteristics of the kids, in order to simplify the process of perceiving the lesson.
Methods in pedagogy
Any child attending kindergarten strives to learn about the world around him. Therefore, the cognitive process is aimed at meeting the needs of children in learning new things.
Please note! Preschool age is a favorable time for the formation of the image of the world.
Before scheduling work with preschoolers, the teacher takes into account their age characteristics. This factor is a condition for the successful conduct of the lesson, as well as mastering the material.
What is included in cognitive development
The content of preschool material involves the following:
- development of interests;
- knowledge of actions;
- idea of the country, socio-cultural values, traditions and other important events.
- presentation of features of nature.
The educational area may include the following:
- Implementation of elementary mathematical concepts.
- Development of research concepts.
- Introduction to specific subjects.
Important! Cognitive development should involve the child himself solving problems that are significant for him.
Formation of the cognitive development of preschool children in preschool educational institutions
Satisfying the natural need for knowledge of the environment, the child reveals different aspects of his personality. There is a unique opportunity to demonstrate your talent in certain activities. From the age of 2, the baby strives for independence, showing cognitive activity.
Formation of the cognitive development of children at preschool age according to the preschool educational institution
According to the state standard, a program specially drawn up by teachers should ensure the development of the personality of future students, taking into account their common interests. The transition to school age is associated with a change in the leading activity of the child. That is, games are replaced by training sessions. This period is associated with the development of mental functions. The child’s thinking changes, perception, attention, memory are formed.
The formation of the cognitive development of preschool children in the preschool educational institution is aimed at developing curiosity, activity, and identifying talent. This structure forms the primary ideas about the objects of the surrounding world. The kid is given the opportunity to determine or analyze the features of objects (shape, color, size, material, rhythm, pace, quantity, number, movement).
Important! The stages of cognitive development are a combination of curiosity, the development of cognitive interest, as well as activity.
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Relevance, goals and objectives
The urgency of the problem of improving the quality of preschool education at the present stage is confirmed by the state’s interest in the upbringing and development of children.
Goals and objectives of cognitive activity:
- curiosity;
- formation of consciousness;
- introspection on speech development;
- definition of primary ideas about the world around.
Please note! The main task of the teacher is to create motivation for the search for information, for the thirst for knowledge. The correct presentation of the material will ensure the success of the child at the next stage of education.
To achieve the goal it is necessary to solve the following tasks:
- to enrich the conditions that will promote the development of cognitive activity in the education of preschool children;
- search, develop, and then implement new methods that ensure the effective formation of cognitive activity;
- increase the competence of parents on issues related to the development of the cognitive activity of the baby.
For example, consider the option with a tree. After planting the “seed”, what needs to be done to achieve maximum results? Of course, take good care of them. How should one look after them correctly? This is done very simply. It is necessary to create favorable conditions (a sunny place, watering from a watering can).
Activities for cognitive development in kindergartens
The main activities of children in preschool educational institutions include the following:
- Motor – enriches the motor experience of children, forms pupils’ needs for motor activity.
- Playing – develops the child’s play activity, forms a positive attitude towards himself, introduces to the elementary generally accepted norms and rules of relationships.
- Productive (cognitive component) – develops productive activities, develops children’s creativity, introduces the child to the fine arts.
- Communicative – develops all components of oral speech.
- Labor – cultivates a value attitude to one’s own activity.
- Cognitive research — develops sensory culture, forms a holistic picture of the world, broadens the horizons of children.
- Musical and artistic – introduces to the musical art.
- Fiction (reading) – develops the child’s speech apparatus.
Activities
Games for the development of cognitive processes in preschoolers
Initially, the educator chooses a lesson, taking into account the characteristics of the children.
- What color is missing? (for children from 3 years old)
The main goal is color perception, visual memory and attention.
Teacher’s task: put about 10 colored pencils on the table. The child carefully looks and remembers all the shades. Then the teacher asks to close your eyes and removes one color. The kid opens his eyes and guesses what color is gone.
- Soft paws (for children from 3 years old)
Please note! The main task is to relieve tension, reduce aggressiveness.
The teacher offers to choose objects of different textures. It can be a brush, a container of paint, cotton wool, a strap, a bottle of perfume. All these items are laid out on the table. The child is invited to bare his arm to the elbow. The adult explains that the “animal” will walk on the hand, touch it with gentle paws.
It is necessary to guess with closed eyes which “animal” touched the hand – guess the object. Touches should be stroking, pleasant.
A lesson on cognitive development in kindergarten in the context of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard
The Federal State Educational Standard DO focuses on the specific content of educational areas. Thus, certain activities are carried out. The federal state standard develops the intellectual qualities of future students. Therefore, there is a basic condition for the implementation of this direction:
- definition of cognitive tasks;
- application of experimentation in work with children;
- fulfillment of goals.
Lesson in the context of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard
An example of compiling a summary of the GCD with elements of cognitive activity
Of great interest to children are such forms of organization as travel classes: “Travel to the country of electrical appliances”, “Travel to visit ….”, “Journey on the River of Time”. Each preschooler during the trip goes through tests, overcomes obstacles, performs tasks for attention, memory, thinking. The game form will help children in determining the past, present and future.
The choice of topics for traveling to the past of objects depends on the age and the ability to show one or another sample. Pedagogy uses the teaching aids of Dybina O. V. “What was before … Games of travel”, Dybina O. V, Rakhmanova N. P. “Unexplored nearby: Experiences and experiments for preschoolers”, “What objects are made of: games – activities for preschoolers “.
Please note! Leisure activities help to increase cognitive interest, for example, entertaining leisure “Whose loss is my find”, cheerful leisure “A new secret of known objects”, funny leisure “We are magicians”, as well as other interesting games – competitions, KVN.
Features of conducting classes for children with mental retardation and visual impairments
Mental and intellectual knowledge of children under five helps in defining such important concepts as “sign”, “symbol”, “time”. Initially, the teacher introduces the baby to the globe, map, symbols. The child begins to create portraits of months, symbols of groups, interesting layouts, climatic zones with different landscapes.
Features of conducting classes for children with mental retardation
The educator prepares an assessment material, which may include serious topics, such as “Time”. The child’s psychology is being reconstructed. The senior class in kindergarten learns to fix the time by the clock, study the past using dinosaurs as an example, recreate the corners of the distant past using a mock-up.
Decoration of the cognitive zone in kindergarten
In the younger group, the children’s area is designed taking into account safety rules. When performing active movements, babies lack coordination. They may fall or throw some nearby object. To learn about the world around them, children will be helped by playing with sand and clay. Kids can be taught to draw their favorite characters.
The middle class chooses role-playing activities. Children with developed imagination carry out various game plans. Decorating the space, they use interesting objects that help in the development of the plot of the game.
Important! The older group requires special attention. In this case, the design of the zone becomes more complicated. It is necessary to use various objects that children at this age are able to distinguish. The teacher always supplements the material with new items, for example, clothes.
How children’s plots are designed
Monitoring the cognitive development of preschool children
The preschool year in kindergarten primarily develops the social, moral, aesthetic, intellectual, and physical qualities of children.
The primary stage is to observe how the institution (kindergarten) performs its work. That is, activities for the cognitive development of pupils stand out.
Please note! Cognitive development is one of the important criteria for the overall development of a preschooler.
The main directions of psychological and pedagogical work in this area of preschool education are associated with progressive qualitative and quantitative changes in such mental processes as perception, memory, attention, imagination and thinking.
Monitoring of preschoolers
The process of cognition of the sphere of preschool children according to the Federal State Educational Standard is of particular relevance, because it is at preschool age that the cognitive potential of a child, under favorable conditions, develops and becomes the foundation for the development of higher mental functions.
Please note! The most important condition for the knowledge of all spheres of the child’s psyche is development in accordance with age and individual characteristics.
The development of FEMP cognitive interest in various fields of knowledge and activities is one of the components of both the general development of a preschooler and the further success of his schooling.
Cognitive development of preschoolers through workbook technology
Author :
Taraskina Olga Igorevna
Heading : Pedagogy
Posted by
V
young scientist
No. 47 (389) November 2021
Publication date of : 11/17/2021
2021-11-17
Article viewed:
27 times
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References:
Taraskina, O. I. Cognitive development of preschoolers through the technology of using a workbook / O. I. Taraskina. – Text: direct // Young scientist. – 2021. – No. 47 (389). — S. 436-438. — URL: https://moluch.ru/archive/389/85632/ (date of access: 02/28/2023).
Currently, in the field of preschool education, much attention is paid to the problem of the cognitive development of children. In this regard, the use of modern educational technologies becomes relevant. The article deals with the issues of the possibility of using the technology of using a workbook in the work on the cognitive development of preschoolers.
Keywords:
workbook preschool education, preschool age, cognitive development, educational technology.
In modern educational conditions, a special place is given to the comprehensive harmonious development of a preschool child. According to the Federal State Educational Standard of Preschool Education, along with the areas of physical, speech, artistic, aesthetic, social and communicative development, the area of cognitive development of a preschooler is singled out [4].
The cognitive development of a preschooler is understood as the development of cognitive interests, curiosity and cognitive motivation, interest in learning activities and a desire to learn; the formation of cognitive actions, the development of imagination, attention, memory, observation, the ability to analyze, establish cause-and-effect relationships, formulate conclusions; the formation of primary ideas about the world around, the formation of elementary natural-science ideas [3].
The content of cognitive development at different age stages includes the development of cognitive abilities (perception, analysis, memory, thinking, attention, etc.), the development of cognitive research activities, the formation of elementary mathematical concepts, familiarization with the outside world (objective and social environment, the living world and inanimate nature).
In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard, the cognitive development of preschoolers should be based on the interaction of adults with children, focused on the interests and capabilities of each child; when providing children with the opportunity to choose materials, types of activity; using variable and age-appropriate means, methods and technologies; in terms of supporting children’s initiative and independence [4].
In this regard, the problem of applying educational technologies in the framework of the implementation of the pedagogical process by preschool educational institutions, including in the field of cognitive development of children, becomes relevant.
Educational technology is a systematic method of reproducing the pedagogical process based on proven and logically structured training and education procedures that optimize the educational process and, with a certain degree of probability, provide the planned results [1].
The use of educational technologies in the pedagogical process makes it possible to improve the quality of education, effectively use study time, and develop the creative abilities of children.
Today, the education system presents a wide range of educational technologies used in working with preschoolers: collecting, inventive problem solving theory (TRIZ), computer, health-saving, gaming, design technologies, educational quests, geocaching, postcrossing and many others. Among them, one can single out the technology of using a workbook.
A workbook is a complex of developing and creative tasks on a printed basis, which has become a popular element of work on the cognitive development of preschool children.
The use of workbooks allows you to acquaint the child with sensory standards and perceptual actions, counting, size, time, the natural world and the social environment; develop memory, thinking, attention, logic, fine motor skills and other abilities; consolidate the knowledge gained.
Riddles, logical tasks, tasks like a labyrinth, draw and color, color by numbers, circle along the contour, connect with lines (correspondence), find the extra, “what happened first and what then” (sequencing), continue the series, tasks on the establishment and comparison of colors, shapes, sizes, and many others contribute to the effective and easy learning of preschool children.
It is important to ensure that the content of the workbook is appropriate for the age of preschoolers. It is also worth considering that in the younger and middle groups of the kindergarten, the use of workbooks is limited due to the age characteristics of the children, and it is recommended that the notebook be disassembled into worksheets, sequentially giving them to the children. In the senior and preparatory groups, the independence of children, the arbitrariness of their psychological processes, the circle of cognitive interests are expanding, at the same time, the possibilities of using workbooks are also expanding.
It is equally important to remember that it is unacceptable to consider the use of workbooks in preschool education as an end in itself, “in its purest form” as in school. This educational technology should be only an element and used in a system with other technologies, methods and means.
The value of workbooks lies in the fact that the child gets the opportunity to perform actions in his “own field of activity”, which increases the activity of children and allows for a more rational use of class time. The use of workbooks allows you to observe the individual pace of the child’s work, build the educational process on the basis of the principle “from simple to complex”, develop perseverance, diligence, determination; in notebooks, preschoolers themselves can trace their “successes and failures”, which contributes to the development of their self-esteem.
The good quality of the pages of workbooks, bright and rich pictures, the presence of a plot or a hero-guide, tasks in a playful way can captivate children and increase their interest in learning.
Literature:
- Zagvyazinsky V.I. Pedagogical dictionary: textbook. allowance for students. higher textbook institutions / V. I. Zagvyazinsky, A. F. Zakirova, T. A. Strokova and others; ed. V. I. Zagvyazinsky, A. F. Zakirova. – M .: Publishing Center “Academy”, 2008. – 352 p.
- Kozlova S. A. Preschool pedagogy: a textbook for students. avg. prof. textbook institutions / S. A. Kozlova, T. A. Kulikova. – 11th ed. – M .: Publishing Center “Academy”, 2010. – 416 p.
- From birth to school. Innovative program of preschool education. / ed. N. E. Veraksy, T. S. Komarova, E. M. Dorofeeva. — Fifth edition (innovative), corrected. and additional — M.: MOSAIC-SYNTHESIS, 2019. — 336 p.
- GEF: [website]. — 2016 — URL: https://fgos.ru/fgos/fgos-do/ (date of access: 7.11.2021). — Text: electronic.
Basic terms (automatically generated) : workbook, preschool education, use of workbooks, preschool age, educational technology, pedagogical process, cognitive development of children, educational process, cognitive development, social environment.
Keywords
educational Technology,
preschool age,
cognitive development,
workbook preschool education
workbook preschool education, preschool age, cognitive development, educational technology
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