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Phone: (315) 471-4198

Address: 2500 Grant Blvd Ste 100, Syracuse, NY 13208

Website: http://thegingerbreadhouseofsyracuse. com

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Reuel E.

Smith House

B Reuel E. Smith House 28 West Lake Street in Skaneateles, New York is a picturesque home designed by Alexander Jackson Davis, and later modified by Archimedes Russell ^[4] . It was built in 1848–1852. And is “a good example of the Gothic Revival regime, which was a reaction to the austerity of the Greek Revival style” ^[5] exemplified by the nearby Richard Deseng House. This is the only Davies-designed house in Onondaga County that survived the demolition of Charles Sedgwick Cottage ^[6] James Street, Syracuse. ^[7]

House photographed by Survey of America’s Historic Buildings by photographer Jack Boucher in 1962. National Register of Historic Places in 1979. Depicted in several paintings. ^[8]

In 1979, State Commissioner for Parks and Recreation. Orin Lehman said that the Reuel E. Smith House “represents some of the major currents of mid-nineteenth-century thought in literature and art, and in architecture. ” ^[9]

In 1981, the Reuel E. Smith House received a federal Heritage and Recreation Service grant to restore the pink stucco exterior, roof, and chimneys, ^[10] which described the house as “a superb example of the Gothic Revival style” with “considerable intrinsic merit”.

Overview of America’s Historic Buildings “Eastern Front” photo

The house was built for Reuel Smith, a partner in a shipping company in New York. The estate was inherited by his son, E. Reuel Smith. “E.R.”, as he was called, was a prominent figure in the village who married into the Scaniteles royal family, his wife was Elizabeth DeCost. (Elizabeth DeCost’s great-grandfather was William J. Vredenburg, an early settler of Skaneateles.) ^[11] E.R. died at home in 1911. ^[12] Their son, DeCost Smith, a famous artist of the American West, was born in the home of Reuel Smith. Reuel Sedgwick’s grandson married Elsa Watts Smith, who sold the property to Robert and Shirley Feldmann in 1975. The Feldman family sold the property in April 2017. ^{[13] [14]} The current owners of the house are Justin and Dr. Rebecca West Reeves. ^[15]

Contents

• 1 Architecture
• 2 Alexander Jackson Davis
• 3 See also
• 4 references
• 5 external link

Architecture

Pink stucco house in 2009

^[16] . Stucco molding has been painted several times over the years. As of 2009, the exterior was pink with a darker salmon color applied to the barges (sometimes called “gingerbread”). As of 2019year, the exterior was golden in color with off-white applied to the side boards. As listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the fenestration (window design and arrangement) is largely symmetrical, typical of the architectural style, and includes a central projecting element. bay window on the second floor of the eastern facade. Above this window is an oculus with a quatrefoil wood pattern. The main entry is a four-centered arch flanked by sandstone labels painted cream to match the ornamentation on the barge boards. The first floor is mostly surrounded by a threshold, which is adorned with iron ornaments in the form of oak leaves and acorns. The large image window on the north side of the building, which now exits the current kitchen, was added at 1926 Archimedes Russell. The barge planks were removed in 1940 but later replaced. The floors, originally pine, were replaced in 1941 with walnut. The interior walls are brick lined with stucco – ten inches thick. Fireplaces with white marble mantels are original on both floors. ^[17]

Alexander Jackson Davis

Named by the Metropolitan Museum of Art as one of America’s most famous architects. Alexander Jackson Davis’ career peaked in the 1840s and 1850s when he designed this house. Davis is admired as an outstanding designer of “country” houses. His approach to the Gothic revival was something that prominent Americans sought and appreciated. Samuel F. B. Morse and Jay Gould to successful traders like Reuel Smith. While others of his era built box houses, Alexander Jackson Davis pushed the boundaries. His houses included peaks, extensions in many directions, unique windows and porches, all of which can be found in the house of Reuel E. Smith. Davis’ unique decorative style graced the landscapes of the Northeast and the Hudson River Valley. Although many of the homes he designed have been demolished, Lake Skaneteles’ shoreline continues to grace this Scenic Architect of America gem.

Davis was a friend of an American landscape designer and a gothic revivalist. Andrew Jackson Downing, who likely influenced Davies’ design of the Reuel E. Smith house, including its interior. ^[18]

See also

• National Register of Historical Places in Onondaga, New York
• “Edmond Ruel Smith” on German

9009 “National Register of Historic Places Inventory File”.

external link

• Historic Buildings of America Survey (HABS) No. NY-5452, “Reuel E. Smith House, West Lake Road, Skaneateles, Onondaga County, New York”, 18 photos, 1 data page, 2 photo caption pages (note that a data page is included at the end of the photo caption file)
• National Register of Historic Places, National Archives
• “The Two Reuel Smiths”
• Aerial photography of the site by drone (Vimeo)
• Media related to the Ruel E. Smith House on Wikimedia Commons

Parc Güell in Barcelona ⋆ Love Park Güell

6 famous in Barcelona, ​​named after its first owner, Eusebi Güell. Fabulous, like gingerbread houses, an amazing hall with columns, quaint alleys, winding benches and magical mosaics – all this is collected here, in one of the districts of Barcelona.

wikiway.com

Weather permitting, Park Güell is a great place to spend time in the Catalan capital!

Park Güell in Barcelona

Contents

How to get to Park Güell in Barcelona

The exact address of the park is Carrer d’Olot, 13, 08024 Barcelona.

Parc Güell, with an area of ​​17.18 hectares, has three entrances:
The first, main entrance, from Carrer de Larrard street.

Second, at Carretera del Carmel, no. 23. Tourist buses stop here.

The third entrance is on the Passatge de Sant Josep de la Muntanya.

We are going to Barcelona from Calella . Therefore, it is better for us to get off in Barcelona at the station – Arc de Triomf. Here the train goes already underground – along the metro line. Without going upstairs, we make a transfer to the “green” metro line L3, and we reach the Lesseps or Vallcarca stations.

We got off at Vallcarca metro station. Walking down Av. De Vallcarca four blocks, (approximately 300 meters). Then turn left onto Baixada de la Gloria.

To Parc Güell in Barcelona

Here is the escalator that takes us up the Carmel Hill.

• To Park Güell in Barcelona

To Park Güell in Barcelona

And then turn right and go to the entrance to the upper part of Park Güell – Passatge de Sant Josep de la Muntanya. Travel time, from the metro to the entrance, was -15 minutes.

Brief history of Park Güell

At the end of the 19th century, Eusebi Güell, a local entrepreneur, purchased 15 hectares of land on the outskirts of Barcelona. He intended to create a city here – a garden of private mansions. According to Güell’s idea, it was supposed to be a suburban oasis for the rich. But rich Barcelona residents were not attracted by the “non-prestigious” area on the outskirts.

View from the top terrace of Park Güell in Barcelona

However, this circumstance did not bother Güell. Of course, the richest man in Catalonia, could afford to realize almost any fantasy. And Güell decided to continue building, for himself.

He involved in the creation of the park, his friend – a young talented architect, Antonio Gaudi. Architect, worked on the creation of the park from 1900 to 1914. As a result, only 3 houses were built on the acquired land.

One of the houses, Güell made his residence.

• Gingerbread House in Barcelona
• Park Güell

The second house (designed by Francesc Berenguer) was empty. But over time, Antonio Gaudi himself bought it, where he lived with his family before he moved to the workshop, next to the Sagrada Familia. In this house, today, there is the Gaudí House Museum.

• Gaudí house-museum

Gaudí house-museum

The third house, on the territory of the park, was bought by a friend of Güell and Gaudí, the lawyer Trias i Domènech. His family lives here today.

In Parc Güell in Barcelona

And this is the only private area of ​​the park at the moment. Since, after the death of Güell, his heirs did not divide the property, but sold the entire territory of the park to the Barcelona City Hall.

Currently, Park Güell in Barcelona is included in the UNESCO list.

Park Güell in Barcelona

The park has 2 parts: free and paid.

Free Zone

Most of the Park Güell is free and a pleasure to walk around.

• In Park Güell

Park Güell in Barcelona

At the end of February, mimosas and many other flowers bloom all around, parrots fly.

• Park Güell in Barcelona
• In Park Güell

According to Antoni Gaudi, the buildings in the park should be so integrated into nature as to be one with it. For example, these stone “palms” fit very organically into the landscape.

• Park Güell in Barcelona

In addition, under these “palms” you can hide from the sun and contemplate the beauty of the park in the shade.

Park Güell in Barcelona

There are three viaducts in this part of the park area. They lead to the highest point of Park Güell – Calvary. You can also climb up to the mansion of the descendants of the lawyer Martin Trias y Domenech. From here you have a beautiful view of Barcelona. Including, and at Temple of the Sacred Heart on Mount Tibidabo .

View from Park Güell of the Temple of the Sacred Heart on Tibidabo

Gaudí’s house museum is located in the free zone. You can also walk along the bridges and paths made by the famous architect.

In the Parc Güell

When constructing the paths that run along the entire park, the architect did not specifically compare the relief of the mountains. He managed to adapt to the natural terrain by erecting soil-reinforcing structures (called “Bird’s Nests”) where necessary.

In Parc Güell

Paid zone

To enter the paid part – Monumental, you need to buy tickets. Ticket for adults – 10 €; children 7-12 years old – 7 €; children under 6 years old – free of charge.

Tickets bought, let’s go to see the Monumental. This is the most interesting and iconic part of the park.

Firstly, this is the upper terrace above the “Hall of a Hundred Columns”.

Top terrace in Park Güell

On its roof is the main attraction of the park – a curved bench in the form of a sea serpent, 135 meters long. Tourists like to relax and take pictures on it.

• Top terrace of Parc Güell

Bench in Park Güell in the form of a sea serpent

Next – the main terrace itself and fountains.

• In Park Güell
• One of the symbols of Barcelona is a salamander
• In Park Güell in Barcelona

In Park Güell

I would like to note one interesting fact about the origin of the finishing material used by Gaudí. This material is a mosaic. Mosaic applied on many decorative elements of Park Güell. But on purpose, no one produced the details of the mosaic. The workers, at the request of the architect, brought broken products from the manufactories, collected discarded ceramic tiles, broken bottles and dishes on the streets. It was with this material that the lining of Gaudí’s creations in Park Güell was carried out.

Thus, Antonio Gaudí was the first to use mosaic panels assembled from “irregularly shaped” elements. And since that time, such a mosaic has been an integral part of the architecture of beautiful Barcelona.

Another symbol of Barcelona is the salamander. Smaller copies of it are sold in Barcelona souvenir shops.

• Salamander in Park Güell

One of the symbols of Barcelona is the salamander

The Hall of a Hundred Columns is especially popular among visitors. Despite its name, this structure has only 86 columns.

• One of the symbols of Barcelona is the salamander
• In Park Güell in Barcelona
• Park Güell in Barcelona

And, finally, the most famous “postcard” view of Park Güell in Barcelona. It is marked by two “gingerbread houses” with fancy decor. This is the compositional center of the park ensemble.

• Park Güell in Barcelona
• Gingerbread House in Park Güell
• In Park Güell in Barcelona

End of walk

We arrived at the main gate of Parc Güell. I really don’t want to leave the park, despite the fact that we spent 4 hours here! But I think it’s time for us. There are so many more interesting things in Barcelona…

In Barcelona

Read a fairy tale The book of future commanders – A. Mityaev

Page 8 of 83

---

IF A NEW WEAPON?
In India, in ancient times, a special kind of troops arose – war elephants. On the back of the elephant, a turret was strengthened with girths, in which four warriors stood. They fired bows and threw javelins. At the head sat a fifth warrior. He drove the elephant and also threw darts. Elephants were covered with blankets and armor, foreheads were decorated with metal plates, iron tips were put on tusks. The elephant torn horses with its tusks, trampled infantry with its feet. Even one sight of an unfamiliar, formidable animal terrified the enemy.
Despite their heaviness and bulkiness, elephants were not a burden for the army, even on long trips. They swim well, easily climb steep mountain slopes, and can walk up to hundreds of kilometers in a day. They feed on branches, leaves, tree bark and grass.
Roman commander Julius Caesar in Africa was going to fight with the Numidian king. Caesar learned that the enemy had 120 war elephants. And the legionnaires did not know how to fight against them. Then he ordered the delivery of several elephants from Sicily and arranged exercises. The soldiers touched the animals with their hands. They threw blunt spears at them, choosing unprotected places. Horses also got used to the smell, to the roar of elephants.
The real battle has begun. Legionnaires bravely met the enemy army. One wounded elephant knocked down the Roman and crushed him to the ground with his knees. Comrade rushed to the rescue with a spear. The elephant grabbed the attacker and lifted it up with its trunk. The legionnaire began to chop the trunk with his sword. The elephant released the warrior, ran with a roar. With stones and arrows, the Romans managed to turn the war elephants. The animals rushed back and trampled down many of the Numidian infantry.
Thus the war elephants were defeated.

War elephant.

War chariots.

SPEAR AND SHIELD
Spear and shield are inseparable, eternal enemies. Having used a spear for an attack, a person soon came up with a defense against it – a shield.
From that time on, every new type of weapon accompanies, like a shadow, its counter-weapon: a bullet – armor, poisonous substances – a gas mask, bombers – anti-aircraft missiles …
A Roman legionnaire at the beginning of an attack threw a spear at the enemy’s shield.
The spear, getting stuck in the shield, interfered with the defense. But the enemy drew his sword and cut the shaft. The Romans began to make spears with very long iron tips: the sword did not reach the shaft. A shield with a stuck spear interfered in battle, became a burden, and the enemy simply threw it away, remaining open. But artisans-gunsmiths began to make shields entirely of metal – the spear left only dents on them … Thus, in ancient times, the rivalry between weapons and counter-weapons began. It continues even now.

SMOKED – AN INVENTION OF THE ROMANS
Ancient wars – hand-to-hand wars. Under equal conditions, the winner was the one who wielded the sword, spear, and shield better.
In ancient Rome, young men learned the art of combat on wooden effigies. Holding a shield woven from twigs in his left hand, and a club replacing a sword in his right hand, the young warrior attacked the scarecrow like an enemy. He struck, trying not to expose himself. In the movement of the hand with a shield and the hand with a sword, automatic coordination was developed.
The favorite of the Romans was the thrust. If you bring the sword for a chopping blow, then the right side of the warrior remains open. And this can be used by the enemy.
Effigies on the Field of Mars (as the place of the exercises was called) got both from archers and from slingers. They threw stones at them and shot arrows.
Roman training weapons were twice as heavy as combat weapons.

Roman light infantry.

STORM OF FORTRESSES

To protect against the enemy in ancient times, cities were surrounded by a fortress wall, a ditch was dug in front of the wall, blockages were made of trees in front of the ditch, traps were set up in front of the blockages – disguised pits with sharp stakes at the bottom, in front of the traps in a checkerboard pattern pillars were driven in on a wide strip, and another ditch was dug in front of them – the front.
It was not easy to take such a fortress city. Experienced commanders Hannibal and Spartacus, defeating the Romans in field battles, did not dare to attack fortified Rome.
For the siege of fortresses, various devices and machines were invented.
Ballistas and catapults threw heavy arrows and stones at the fortress.
Rams broke through walls, knocked down gates. To protect themselves from the arrows of the besieged, the rammers hid under the roof – “armor”.
The Roman legionnaires marched to storm the breaches in formation, which was called the “tortoise”. Warriors, closing their shields, covered them from above and from the sides.
The besieged raised the enemy’s rams with pincers or beat them off with crowbars – heavy logs on chains.
Both sides used “ravens” – a kind of well crane. With their help, the besieged abducted enemy soldiers, and when attacked from the sea, they overturned and broke ships. And the attackers raised shooters on platforms-boxes, who fired at the besieged from above.
The fortress of Syracuse became famous for its heroic defense. In this city on the island of Sicily lived the great scientist – mathematician and mechanic Archimedes. He valued science above all else, and found true happiness in reflections, experiments, and calculations. Two millennia separate Archimedes from us, but the living practical connection of the scientist with our time is surprisingly strong. The work of Archimedes on determining the areas and volumes of various figures and bodies served as the basis for modern integral calculation. Many of his machines and inventions have been preserved with us almost unchanged, only the material from which they are made has changed. So, the water screw, invented by him for draining swamps in Egypt, is used everywhere and now, however, not for lifting water, but for lifting and moving bulk materials. Archimedes, when danger began to threaten Syracuse, enthusiastically engaged in the invention and construction of military machines. He was seventy-four years old when, as a military engineer, he led the defense of the city.
The second Punic War was underway. The slave owners of Rome and the slave owners of Carthage disputed dominance in the Mediterranean Sea, on its islands and in the countries adjacent to it. Brutal, bloody battles were fought on land and at sea. (You already know about the Battles of Trasimene and Cannae.)
Syracuse was then an independent city-state, the most powerful in Sicily, and Sicily traded wheat with both Carthage and Rome. The Romans, fortunately within easy reach of the island, constantly intervened in the affairs of a neighbor, imposed their policy on him. In 213 BC, the Syracusans revolted against the Romans. Syracuse thus became an ally of Carthage.
Roman troops under the command of the consul Marcellus landed in Sicily and began the assault on Syracuse. At the same time, an enemy fleet of 60 ships approached the walls of the city. They also took part in the assault. The main role was assigned to the siege tower. This huge structure with a ram stood on several ships connected to each other. It was supposed to bring them to the wall and destroy the wall with a ram.
Historian Livy 50 years after the battle wrote:
“Archimedes placed machines of various sizes on the walls in advance. Enormous and extremely heavy stones flew into the distant ships, and lighter stones flew into the near ones, but with much greater frequency. In order to protect his own from enemy shells, Archimedes made loopholes in the walls at different heights less than half a meter wide, and the Syracusans, remaining invisible themselves, shot at the enemy from bows and small scorpions. If the ship sailed very close … an iron hook was lowered from the wall on a thick chain and captured the bow of the ship, and then with the help of levers and a lead counterweight they pulled the ship high into the air with the stern down and released again. And the ship fell and either immediately sank, or scooped up so much water that it barely kept on the surface. The Syracusans destroyed the siege tower with heavy stones (up to 3 centners). What is most curious, according to ancient historians, they burned part of the Roman ships with the help of sunlight.
Having failed to take Syracuse by storm, the Romans began a long siege of the city. In the autumn of 212 BC, after an eight-month defense, Syracuse fell. Marcellus, furious with many losses and long setbacks, gave the rich, flourishing city to his troops to plunder. Murders, robberies, violence, fires began. The old man Archimedes was also killed.
Until recently, information that Archimedes burned part of the Roman ships with the help of sunlight was considered an invention, a legend. But in 1973, the newspaper Pravda, in its issue of November 17, published a message from its Athens correspondent:
“48-year-old Greek mechanical engineer Ioanis Sakas recently replicated the technique by which the legendary ancient Greek mathematician and inventor Archimedes destroyed the Roman fleet at Syracuse in the 3rd century BC.”
The details of the experiment were reported by the Hamburg newspaper Zeit:
“According to legend, Archimedes, having made the necessary calculations, lined up the soldiers of the Greek army so skillfully that their raised shields amounted to some kind of huge mirror that focused the sun’s rays on the place where the ships of the Roman fleet were concentrated. The ships, made of flammable cedar and tarred, blazed before they could anchor.
The story of Archimedes haunted many scientists. Recently, one of them decided to conduct an experiment: he repeated the experiment done by the ancient Greek scientist more than two thousand years ago.