Early learning center at brook park: ELC @ Brook Park – Early Learning Centers

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02.08

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03.08

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04.08

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05.08

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09. 08

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12.08

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14.08

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15.08

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30. 08

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31.08

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19.07

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20.07

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21.07

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22.07

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23. 07

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24.07

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25.07

Interactive meeting on admission to the university for applicants from the CIS

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14. 06

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15.06

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16.06

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28. 06

Mother Brook

Mother Brook is a stream that flows from the Charles River in Dedham, Massachusetts to the Neponset River in the Hyde Park area of ​​Boston, Massachusetts. Mother Brook was also known as East Brook and Mill Creek in earlier times. The excavation of the creek turned Boston and some of the surrounding settlements into an island accessible only by water, making Mater Brook the “Panama Canal of Massachusetts”.

Dug out by English settlers in 1639year to power a grain mill, it is the oldest canal in North America. Mother Brook was important to Dedham as the only source of water for mills from 1639 until the early 20th century.

Today Mother Brook is part of the flood control system that diverts water from the Charles River to the Neponset River. The course of the creek is controlled by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation and is used for flood control on the Charles River. There are three remaining dams on the creek, as well as a movable lock that controls the flow from the Charles River to Mother Brook.

Creek has given its name to Mother Brook’s contemporary community group, Mother Brook Center for the Arts and Community, Riverside Theater Works, and former Mother Brook clubs and the Mother Brook Coalition.

CONTENTS

• 1 Early history
  • 1.1 Origin
  • 1.2 Early mills
• 2 Industrialization of Mother Brook
  • 2.1 19th century
    • 2.1.1 Second privilege
    • 2.1.2 Fourth privilege
    • 2.1.3 Fifth privilege
  • 2.2 Conflict with Charles River plants
• 3 20th century and the decline of industry
  • 3. 1 Pollution
  • 3.2 Cleaning and maintenance
• 4 National Register of Historic Places
• 5 Accidents and floods
  • 5.1 Floods
    • 5.1.1 flood of 1938
  • 5.2 Drowning and rescue
  • 5.3 Other events
• 6 mills
  • 6.1 First privilege
  • 6.2 Second privilege
  • 6.3 Third privilege
  • 6.4 Fourth privilege
  • 6.5 Fifth privilege
• 7 axles
• 8 Rest
• 9 Notes
• 10 Links
• 11 papers cited
• 12 Further reading

History of the Early Ages

Origin

Dedham, Massachusetts was first settled in 1635 and incorporated in 1636. The settlers needed a mill to grind corn because hand mills were too labor intensive. Windmills were tried, but the wind was too unreliable, and the North End, where the windmill was moved in 1632, was too far away. In 1633, at Dorchester, on the banks of the Neponset River, the first water-powered mill was built on a dam he built near a tidal basin. By the late 1630s, the nearest water mill was in Watertown, some distance away.

Abraham Shaw, who, like many other Dedhamites, came from Watertown, arrived in Dedham in 1637. He was given 60 acres (24 ha) of land while he built a water mill, which he intended to build on the Charles River near the current one. day Needham Street Bridge. Every man in the city was required to bring millstones to Dedham from Watertown. However, Shaw died in 1638 before completing his mill, and his heirs were not interested in building the mill.

Although the original settlement was close to Charles, it moves slowly in this area, with slight elevation changes that could power a waterwheel. A small stream, then called the East Brook, ran alongside the Charles River, about 100 bars (1,600 ft; 500 meters) from what is now Washington Street behind Brookdale Cemetery, and joined the Neponset River. In the spring, the Charles sometimes sank into the swamp at Meadow’s Purchase between its banks and the East Brook. In addition, East Creek had a vertical drop of over 40 feet over a 3.5-mile stretch from the early settlement of Dedham to the Neponset River, enough to operate a watermill. However, East Creek had low water flow, not enough to feed the mill. The drop in the first mile alone is 45 feet (14 m).

A year after Shaw’s death, there was still no mill in town. A committee was formed and a “daring plan” was devised to “divert some of the abundant water from the tranquil Charles to the steep but sparse East Brook. The borough ordered a 4,000-foot ditch to be dug at public expense on March 25, 1639, and a tax was levied on the settlers to pay for it. The settlers may have been influenced by the draining of the Fens in the Flushing, an area in England close to many of their home towns.

The city was so confident in this course of action that work began before they even found a new miller to replace Shaw. There is no record of who dug it up or how long it took, although Whiting’s family history claims Nathaniel Whiting did it. The labor pool would be limited to 30 men who were then heads of households in the city, as well as various servants and other male relatives. It is not known exactly when it was completed, but by July 14, 1641, water was flowing through it, and it has been known as Mother Creek since at least 1678. There is no record of any celebrations that may have taken place after its completion.

The work was completed among all the other jobs to create a city in the desert: cutting down trees, building houses, planting crops, clearing fields, and more.

Early mills

An 1886 stone marking the location of the first mill built on Mother Brook.

The City also offered an incentive of 60 acres of land to someone who would build and maintain a corn mill while the mill was ready to grind corn “by the first of the 10th month” [that is, by December]. The first corn mill was built in 1641 by John Elderkin, a recent arrival from Lynn, on a causeway at East Brook near what is now Condon Park and near the intersection of Bussey and Colburn Streets. He was given a plot of land in return. Elderkin had previously built a mill in Lynn, and in 1642, only a few months after the mill opened, he moved out of town. It was the first public utility in the country. The early settlers could grind corn at the mill and in return paid a tithe to keep the mill running. The city relinquished rights to the creek in 1682 and erected a historic marker on the site in 1886.

In 1642 Elderkin sold half his rights to Whiting and the other half to John Allyn, Nathan Aldis and John Dwight. They ran the mill “in a rather tempestuous partnership” until 1649, when Nathaniel Whiting became the sole owner. The city was unhappy with the “insufficient productivity” of Whiting’s mill. In 1652 Whiting sold his mill and all the rights of the town to John Dwight, Francis Chickering, Joshua Fisher and John Morse for £250, but bought it back the following year. Whiting and five generations of his descendants operated their mill from 1641 until 1823, when it was sold.

In January 1653, the city offered land to Robert Crossman if he could build a mill on the Charles River where Shaw had originally planned. Crossman refused, but Whiting was so unhappy with the prospect of building a second mill that he offered to sell his mill back to the city for £250. However, Whiting’s performance did not improve and the townspeople wanted alternatives. Daniel Pond and Ezra Morse then received permission from the city to build a new corn mill on the creek above Whiting, on the condition that it be completed by June 24, 1665.

Whiting was frustrated by the competition for both water and consumers, and “never forgiving or forgetting, Whiting launched an opposition crusade” to the new mill. Records show the city spent “considerable time” trying to fix the problem. After meeting with the Chosen, both agreed to live in peace and not interfere in each other’s affairs. Two years later, Morse was instructed not to impede the flow of water to the point that it would make grinding difficult for Whiting.

The City has decreed that “in times of drought or lack of water, the water must never rise so high on the occasion of the construction of a new mill, that the water thereby impedes its free flow or exit from the Charles River. At the same time, it is forbidden for the owners of an old mill to raise the water in their pond so high as to damage the new mill by leaking backwater.” At the same time, Whiting was also told to fix leaks at his own dam before complaining about water shortages.

Problems and disputes, including litigation, continued between them until 1678, when the town meeting voted to hear no more complaints from Whiting. In 1699, the Morse Dam on what is now Maverick Street was removed and Morse received 40 acres of land by the Neponset River at Thiot as compensation. It looks like it was Morse’s idea. He was going to open a new factory there, in what is now Norwood, Massachusetts, next to a sawmill that had opened in 1644.

The next mill was built in 1682 on Saw Mill Lane. Originally requested by Jonathan Fairbanks and James Draper, the privilege was granted to Whiting and Draper instead, likely to avoid any trouble with Whiting. However, he died on the day that the elect granted him the privilege. This factory was for felting wool and was the first textile factory in Dedham. However, this permit came with a stipulation that if the city wanted to build a corn mill on the creek, they could do so unless Draper and Whiting did so at their own expense. This mill, like the one above it, was owned by the descendants of Nathaniel Whiting for 180 years. One of Whiting’s mills burned down in 1700 and the city loaned him £20 to rebuild.

At some point in the early 1700s, Joseph Lewis built a new tannery on the site of the old Morse Dam. A fourth mill was now founded on Stone Mill Drive, just downstream of the third, in 1787 by two of Whiting’s descendants. It produced copper cents for a short period of time and was later used to make paper. A third of Whiting’s descendants opened a wire factory on the same site.

Mother Brook Industrialization

Old Gears on Mother Creek

Eventually, a dam and mills were built at five locations called “perks” in Dedham and in what is now Readville part of Hyde Park, which was originally part of Dedham. Mother Brook at various times provided water supply to several industrial factories for the production of cotton, wool, paper, wire and carpets. They also produced corn, cloth, stamped coins, lumber, cut nails and nails, made paper, wove cloth and leather. Until the 20th century, mills operated on Mother Creek. At least one mill, located on Mother Creek, was equipped with a steam engine as a power source, probably to supplement hydropower when the water supply was insufficient, but possibly to replace hydropower entirely. The stream could also serve to cool steam engines.

The development of industry stimulated the construction of housing in the area for mill workers, followed by churches, shops and other businesses. The East Dedham Fire Station was also built to protect the area. Dating back to 1855, it is still in service as of 2018.

19th century

Fourth privilege with a stone mill in the background.

In the 1800s, as the region and country became more prosperous, mills were first used to produce goods that were not exclusively used by the Dedamites and people living in the immediate vicinity. They were so profitable that by the 1820s landowners were worried about losing control of city politics. The growth of the industrial part of the city was so great that it was said that factories, dye houses, residences and other buildings associated with only one privilege “in themselves constitute a small village.”

The factories began to attract immigrants from Europe and Canada who came to America in search of work and a better life. The Irish came first from the Great Famine in the 1840s and the Germans followed in the 1850s. Italians and other immigrants began arriving in large numbers towards the end of the century. Working in harsh conditions, many stayed there for a short time and then left.

In 1870, the Merchant’s Woolen Company was the largest taxpayer in the city and owned two houses on High Street, five on Maverick, ten on Crooked, and two “long houses” on Bussey Street. These houses were rented out to employees. Some of the houses built during this time to house workers still exist as of 2020. Benjamin Bussy built a number of boarding houses, including the modern houses 305 and 315 High Street and 59Maverick Street. The two buildings on the High Street were originally linked by an ell. In 1829 ten men who lived in them paid $1.50 a week, and 15 “girls” paid $1.25 each.

In 1886, from Mother Creek and the Neponset River to Boston Harbor, industrial real estate on the banks was estimated to be between $2,000,000 and $5,000,000.

Second Privilege

Tannery was replaced in 1807 by the Norfolk Cotton Manufactory. Local residents who invested in a large wooden spinning mill, Samuel Lowder, Jonathan Avery, Reuben’s Guild, Calvin’s Guild, Pliny Bingham, William Howe and others, have been described as “a group of bold investors”. The factory spun imported bales of cotton, which were then sent for weaving. The fabric was then returned to the factory, processed and shipped. Since cotton was still new in New England, “the inhabitants felt a certain pride in having a cotton mill in their city, and whenever their friends from the hinterland visited them, the first thing that came to mind was to mention, that new cotton has appeared. a factory in the city, and that they should go and see his curious and marvelous equipment.”

It was a prosperous company, respected by society, and the annual meetings of the company were celebrated with holidays. From 1808 until the following decade, the company advertised the work in local newspapers as the job required more labor than the part-time work at the backfill and sawmill that used to be on the creek. The company rented workers’ machines so they could work from home cleaning and blending raw cotton.

During this period downstream mill owners also complained that the Norfolk Cotton Manufactory did not provide them with enough water for downstream use. Complaints continued despite the creation of a committee in 1811 to look into the matter.

However, the War of 1812 ruined the company when cheap imports flooded the market. The mill was purchased by Benjamin Bussy, “a man of excellent business ability”, in 1819 for a much smaller sum. Bussy also bought the street mill that now bears his name from the Dedham Worsted Company only three years after they opened. An agreement was then reached on the level of the water, which was marked by drilled holes in the rocks along the banks, which were still visible at 1900 year.

Fourth Privilege

The Fourth Privilege was used for a variety of uses in the 19th century, including copper cents, paper, cotton, wool, carpets, and handkerchiefs. In the 1780s, another mill connected by the same wheel was built on the site to produce wire for the new country’s nascent textile industry. The first mill on the site burned down in 1809, but was rebuilt with a new raceway and foundation.

Stone Mill condominium detail showing 1835 stone

The second mill began producing nails in 1814, and five years later its owner, Ruggles Whiting of Boston, sold it to George Byrd, the owner of the first mill, who began using the entire mill for paper production. In 1823 he switched to cotton, using equipment from the former Norfolk Cotton Company. In 1835 a new stone mill was built. It stands today and was converted into a condominium complex in 1986–87. Unlike other mills built in a strictly utilitarian style, this factory boasted a dated stone with the inscription “1835” and a dome over the mill bell. Together they became a testament to the superiority of the mills in the area.

The Fourth Privilege Factory, owned by Bussy and his agent George H. Kuhn, was one of the first to install hydraulic looms. The looms allowed the raw wool to be taken to factories, spun into thread, and then woven into finished cloth, all under one roof.

Fifth Privilege

In 1814 a Fifth Privilege was granted in what was then Dedham, but today the Reedville area of ​​Hyde Park. Reedville, known as early as 1655, known as Low Plain and later Dedham Low Plain, was settled in the same year the privilege was granted when the Dedham Manufacturing Company built a mill there. James Reed, one of the original owners, was the area’s namesake when it officially became Reedville on October 8, 1847.

Charles River Mill Conflict

As Dedham became industrialized and its economic activity increasingly dependent on its water power, so did other communities in the Charles River Valley. This led to conflict between the mills at Mother Brook and those using the Charles River downstream of the intake at Mater Brook. As early as 1767, the owners of mills in Newton and Watertown petitioned the authorities for release from the Mother Creek leak. A sill was installed to determine the percentage of water diverted to Mother Creek and the percentage of water left in Charles.

In 1895, it was said that Mother Brooke was

the most audacious robbery attempt ever recorded in the state of Massachusetts. It was Dedham’s attempt… to steal the Charles River. … Brave pirates built a canal from the source of the Charles to the Neponset River, and by widening and deepening this “mother stream”, they gradually deprived the neighboring city of its beautiful waterway.

As water diverted from the Charles River through Mother Creek increased runoff in the lower Neponset River, Neponset Mill Owners joined Mother Brook Mill Owners in protecting the diversion. After a special act of the Great and General Court, the owners of the mills on September 1, 1809registered as the Association of Mill Owners in Mater Brook. A few months earlier, the mill owners on the Charles had formed a similar corporation to protect themselves. They argued that diverting Charles’s flow “from its natural course” into Mother Creek violated their rights, and that, as a public resource, it deserved state protection.

The Mother Brook Mill Owners Association and their colleague on the Charles River applied to the Supreme Judicial Court in March 1809year and asked the Sewer Commissioners to determine the proper amount of water diverted to Mater Brook. The 1767 window sill could not be found and a new method was established. The court ruled that one quarter of the Charles River could flow into Mother Creek. The owners of the Mother Brook mill were unhappy with the decision and successfully petitioned the court to have their ordinance suspended, limiting the amount of water flowing into the creek.

The Sewer Commission did not submit its findings to the court for 12 years, but the owners of the Mat Brook objected, and the commissioners’ report was deferred. In 1825, after another trial, it was determined that the previous agreement was no longer valid due to the length of time taken to file the report and the evidence not considered at the time. Work on this issue resumed from 1829to 1831, and the dispute was finally settled by an agreement between the owners of the mills on December 3, 1831. This agreement stipulated that one third of the flow of the Charles River would be diverted to Mother Creek, and two. Still others will remain in Charles for use by downstream owners. This agreement, reaffirmed in 1955, “brought peace to the valley” after decades of conflict. This agreement is valid as of 2017.

In 1915 it was estimated that a third of the water of the Charles River flowed through the stream, and in 1938 – half. In 1993, an average of 51 million gallons per day flowed from the Charles River into Mother Creek, although this flow can vary with downstream water levels.

20th century and decline of industry

Rainbow over Mother Brook as viewed from Saw Mill Lane in Dedham, Massachusetts

In 1900 and even 1915, after “275 years of continuous utility”, the creek was “the source of the city’s principal business [ Dedham]”. Although the factories remained open until the 20th century, they were not immune from larger economic forces. In the late 1800s, they began “to lose ground in the national economic picture, sliding inexorably into an increasingly marginal kind of operation, and finally succumbing entirely to the recession that followed the First World War.” From 19In the 10s and 1920s they began to close as the textile industry was in decline, and by 1986 the cotton and brick factories that once stood along the creek were “long gone”.

In the 1960s, the Fifth Privilege Pond was drained and the landowner wanted to build a shopping center on the site. The Department of Conservation and Recreation purchased land instead. They cleared the landfill, pulled out the silt and filled in, restored the dam, and published a plan to promote boating, hiking, and other outdoor activities at the site. It also talked about building a bathhouse, suggesting that the quality of the water would improve. When at 19In the 60s, the Dedham Mall shopping center was built, part of the stream was diverted underground.

The sill at the mouth has been replaced with a mechanical shutter that can be raised or lowered depending on the water level in the Charles. On the site there is a small brick building with a control gate. In 1978, it was proposed that the three remaining dams on the bridge be used to generate hydroelectric power. In 2009, the Dedham Selectmen proposed designating the creek as a historic waterway to better qualify for grants.

Pollution

In the early 1900s, the State Department of Health began enacting pollution regulations that prevented the creation of additional manufacturing facilities along the creek, “deciding strongly against polluting that stream.” One plant needed to install an expensive filtration system to treat liquid waste before discharging it into a waterway.

In 1910, the water pumped from Hyde Park to Mater Brook was deemed unsafe for use without first boiling, and in 19In 11, this city applied for connection to the city’s water supply system. By 1944, the Neponset was said to be “loaded with rot”.

When the swamps were reclaimed in the 1960s, they were partly used for flood control. One of these restored areas was the Dedham Mall, very close to the headwaters of the creek. However, runoff from this 61-hectare (150-acre) development ran into a stream and then into the Neponset, which could not handle the excess water during heavy rains.

By the middle of the 20th century, “after more than 300 years of industrial use, Mother Creek was heavily polluted.” Gasoline, PCP, and even raw sewage have been dumped into the Creek over the years. A 1,300-gallon oil spill was discovered near Milton Street in 1975, and in 1990, gasoline bubbling was found in the creek. The EPA fined L.E. Mason $250,000 for dumping trichlorethylene into a creek from 1986 to 1994. it is also known to release zinc, fats, oils and greases into waterways.

In the 1990s, a science teacher at Dedham High School and her chemistry students were testing the water quality of the creek. She found that the quality of the water was good, although the amount of fecal coliform bacteria allowed only partial contact with the body. Despite significant progress, in 2017 the Mater Brook remained one of the most polluted tributaries of the Neponset River. Unlike most waterways in the Neponset watershed, Mater Brook is less polluted during heavy rains than during drier times due to the large amount of clear water from the Charles River flowing into it.

Cleaning and maintenance

After centuries of industrialization and garbage dumping, Mater Brook is heavily polluted. In recent decades, a number of groups have organized purges.

In 2007, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts diverted a stream under Hyde Park Avenue to clean up PCBs that had previously been dumped into the water. This cleanup led to a federal lawsuit over who would pay for the cost of restoration. Ten years later, in 2017, the Department of Conservation and Recreation unveiled plans to remove several trees and overgrown vegetation near a water intake on the Charles River to stabilize and protect a dam that controls the flow of water from the river to the stream. .

National Register of Historic Places

In the 2010s, Mother Brook Community Group, East Dedham District Association began a campaign to have Mother Brook listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The results of the first phase of the project, an architectural study of the creek and surrounding areas, were completed by Heritage consultants and presented in January 2020. The consultants found more than 70 buildings, grounds and structures that are still standing that are somehow connected to the history of the mills. These include

• 202 Bussy Street, which was built around 1855 as Mill 2 of the Merchant Woolen Company. Initially, it housed a carpentry workshop with spinning machines on the upper floors.
• Two private houses on Maverick and High Streets which were built as boarding houses for the workers of the Maverick Woolen Company around 1825. Room and board at these establishments cost $1.50 a week for men and $1.25 in 1829 when ten men and 15 women lived there. .
• Brookdale Cemetery, built to accommodate the growing population that moved to the city to work in the mills.

Consultant’s study has been submitted to the Massachusetts Historical Commission, which will determine whether the Mother Book qualifies for inclusion in the National Register.

Accidents and floods

Floods

In 1886, the waters flooded their banks and put the dams, especially at the Trade Mill, in danger of breaking. There were fears that the dam at Dover would collapse and the resulting flood of water would destroy Dedham Dam. Prior to this, the Trade Mill was considered impregnable. It was one of the greatest floods the Dedham Center has ever seen.

When the creek flooded in March 1936, the streets around the Dedham estate were two to three feet deep. Rain and melting snow caused the Charles and Mother Brook rivers to flood their banks in 1948, leaving parts of Dedham submerged.

Blocks of ice on two dams caused a flood in 1955. Firefighters bombarded the ice block on Milton Street with high-pressure water, and a crane bailed out debris from the dam and broke the ice on Maverick Street. As a result, the water level dropped two feet that day.

Later that year, during the worst floods in New England history, 150 people in Hyde Park were forced to leave their homes after floodwaters from Mother Creek and the Neponset River destroyed containment embankments. Mayor John Hynes led an inspection team to inspect the damage. Roads, including the VFW Parkway, were flooded in Dedham. That fall, the state approved $2 million for flood control in Mater Brook and Neponset. Another $2 million was approved by the Massachusetts House of Representatives on 1960 year.

In March 1958, a group of 120 people descended into Hyde Park at the junction of Neponset and Mater Brook with 1,200 sandbags to prevent flooding. In January of that year, water was already threatening homes and roads. At least “a couple of hundred” residents along the Charles, Neponset, and Mother Brook had to be evacuated when those rivers flooded in 1968. The worst area in the city was along Bussy Street, along the creek.

Flood of 1938

In 1938, when most of the Charles and Neponset Rivers flooded their banks and caused $3,000,000 in damage, the area around Mater Brook was unaffected in the first days of the flood. Dams along the creek controlled the strong flow of water, which was said to be 15,000 cubic feet per second. It was close to flood level 1936 years old, but six inches below the 1920 flood level.

The basements of many houses in low-lying areas were eventually flooded, and the wooden bridge on Maverick Street was threatened. Sandbags, a fuel truck and granite slabs were placed on the bridge to keep it from being washed away. The first floor of the Boston Envelope Company, located next to the bridge, was flooded.

Three young men who tried to canoe down the Charles River during the flood 1938 years old, were tipped over by the whirlpool and swept down the swollen Mother Brook. They were rescued after an East Street lifeguard ran 500 yards and threw a garden hose at them.

Drownings and rescues

Several accidents have occurred on the creek over the years, including several drownings. In December 1905, a 12-year-old boy named James Harnett drowned while skating on only half an inch thick ice at Mill Pond. His 17-year-old brother William rushed to save him, but both ended up in the water. The older brother was saved by a chain of other skaters, and the younger brother’s body was discovered by the police an hour later.

In 1980, an 8-year-old boy fell through the ice and was underwater for 20 minutes. A passing motorist and three others dived into the creek but could not find him. A WHDH radio traffic helicopter broke the ice with its pontoons, allowing Boston firefighters to locate and recover David Tundidor’s body. He was in a medically induced coma but died four days later.

Others were more fortunate and were saved. After slipping out of his house in July 1899, 13-year-old William Dennen dived from a bridge near his home on Emmet Avenue to save the life of 7-year-old Mary Bouchard, who had fallen. John F. McGraw, 33-year-old Scottish immigrant, attempted suicide by drowning in a creek at 1916 year. After crossing the dam and landing in shallow water, the father of three made his way ashore and was taken to a psychiatric hospital for evaluation. Paul Flanagan, 23, survived 3.5 hours in the water after his car plunged into a creek in February 1983. He was taken to Norwood Hospital with hypothermia and was later released.

Two boys claimed to have found a human leg in a stream in 1937, but the police could not find either the leg or the body.

Other events

In April 1878, a “stubborn horse” sent six people into the stream, but no one was hurt. A similar incident occurred in 1837, when a thirsty horse led himself, a driver carried him, and he carried a load of paper from the mills at Dedham to Braintree into the creek.

Moments after leaving Dedham Square towards the Forest Hills in 1911, a streetcar overran its track on Washington Street and threw 35 passengers across the creek. Only two minor injuries were reported. At 19In 38, a team of neighborhood boys rescued a cat from a flooded culvert after the Dedham Fire Department failed to do so. 13-year-old boy William Sullivan was kneeling on a raft in 1956 behind Brookdale Cemetery when his friend accidentally shot him in the leg with a .32 shotgun.

Mills

First Privilege

First Privilege was located adjacent to what is now Condon Park, at the corner of Bussy and Colburn Streets.

Year	Owner	Manager	Product	Notes	Picture
1641	John Elderkin	John Elderkin	Corn
1642	50%: Nathaniel Whiting, 50% John Allyn, Nathaniel Aldis, John Dwight
1649	Nathaniel Whiting	Nathaniel Whiting
1652	John Dwight, Francis Chickering, Joshua Fisher, John Morse			Sold for £250
1653	Nathaniel Whiting	Nathaniel Whiting
1821	Dedham Worsted Company		Worsted
1824	Benjamin Bassi	Thomas Barrows was Superintendent and George H. Kuhn was Treasurer.	Wool	Bussi built machine shops, dye houses and dwelling houses in both of his factories. Privileges 1 and 2 are in fractional ownership at this time.
1843	J. Wiley Edmunds
1843	Maverick Woolen Company	Thomas Barrows
1863	Woolen merchants				Map showing the mill in 1885
1895	Edward D. Thayer				Map showing the mill from 1897.
1909	Hoxha Finishing Company	Fred H. Hodges	Bleaching and finishing of cotton garments; Metal and rubber lined type	The company employed 50 people, had six boilers, produced 35,000 yards a day, and had an office in New York at 320 Broadway.	Mill map from July 1909
1938-present	Condon Park		N/A	After closing, the Hodges factory sat empty for 20 years. The walls of Hodge’s factory were hammered into the foundations, and Condon Park was built over it. As of 2020, all that remains of the complex is the No. 2 Mill at 202 Bussi Street. The carpentry workshop was located on the ground floor, while the spinning machines were located on the upper floors.

Second Privilege

Second Privilege was located on what is now Maverick Street.

Year	Owner	Manager	Product	Notes	Picture
1664	Ezra Morse	Ezra Morse	Corn	Removed 1699
Early 1700s	Joseph Lewis		Leather
1807	Norfolk Cotton Manufactory		Cotton	Destroyed by the War of 1812
1819	Benjamin Bassi	Thomas Barrows was Superintendent and George H. Kuhn was Treasurer.	Wool	Bussi built machine shops, dye houses and dwelling houses in both of his factories. Privileges 1 and 2 in common ownership after 1824
1843	J. Wiley Edmunds
1843	Maverick Woolen Company	Thomas Barrows
1863	Woolen merchants				Map showing the mill in 1892
1895	Edward D. Thayer				Map showing the mill from 1897.
Between 1909 and 1917	Dedham Finishing Company				Mill map from September 1917
1936	Boston Envelope Company		Envelopes	When it opened, it could produce 800,000 envelopes a day. The company owned and maintained a park on the other side of Maverick Street, on the corner of the High. Mill Pond, downstream of the factory, would turn colored when the factory dropped a cube into the water.
Today	AliMed		Medical devices and consumables		Mill Pond with Canada Geese is visible in the background, as seen from Bussy St. AliMed.

Third Privilege

The third Privilege was located in the current Sawmill Lane.

Year	Owner	Manager	Product	Notes	Picture
1682	Nathaniel Whiting and James Draper		Fulling	Whiting died the day the elected gave him the right to build a mill on the site. Whiting’s descendants owned the mill for over 180 years.
1682-1863	Descendants of Nathaniel Whiting
1863	Edmunds and Colby
1864	Thomas Barrows	Between 1868 and 1885 first Charles S. Sanderson then Goding Brothers
1872	Woolen merchants
1875	Royal O. Storrs & Company
1883	Woolen merchants		Saw and mill	When they went out of business, for the first time in 240 years there was no mill on Mother Brook.
1894	J. Eugene Cochrane	N/A	Closed and merged with the fourth privilege	Third and fourth share ownership privileges
1897	Cochrane Manufacturing Company
Today	Strip Mall and Dunkin Donuts

Fourth Privilege

The first Mill of the Fourth Privilege was currently located on Stone Mill Drive.

Year	Owner	Manager	Product	Notes	Picture
1787	Joseph Whiting Jr., Paul Moses, Aaron Whiting		Copper blanks will be turned into pennies
~ 1790	Hermann Mann		Paper
1804	George Bird			Burnt down and rebuilt in 1809G.
1823	George Byrd and Frederick A. Taft	Norfolk Manufacturing Company	Cotton	Taft was an experienced cotton grower from Uxbridge, Massachusetts. He consolidated several holdings on the site in the 1820s with the help of investors from Boston and gave control to his brother Ezra W. Taft, a Dedham resident. By 1827, 200 to 300 workers were producing 50 to 60 rolls of cloth each week. The machines worked 14 hours a day. Used Norfolk Cotton Mill equipment on demand.
1830	Norfolk Manufacturing Company	John Lemist and Frederick A. Taft
1832		John Lemist and Ezra W. Taft		In 1835, the stone mill that now stands on this site was built from Dedham granite and equipped with new equipment for the production of cotton products. The original building was three stories high and measured 100 feet long and 40 feet wide. It had a gable roof with an overhead monitor that illuminated the attic. The stone bell tower is crowned with columns supporting the dome. The corporation prospered under Taft’s leadership. By the middle of the century it was producing 650,000 yards of cotton a year. Ezra W. Taft continued to be an agent and manager of the corporation for about 30 years. A disused building nearby was used by Edward Holmes and Thomas Dunbar beginning in 1846 for their steam-powered wheel repair business. Taft’s paper mill burned down on July 17, 1846.
~ 1835		James Reed and Ezra W. Taft
1863	Thomas Barrows		Wool	Burrows expanded the mill and installed turbines and a steam engine.
1872	Woolen merchants
1875	Royal O. Storrs and Frederick R. Storrs			Out of business
1882	Woolen merchants
1894	J. Eugene Cochrane		Carpets and handkerchiefs	Third and fourth share ownership privileges
1897	Cochrane Manufacturing Company	Norfolk Mills			Map showing the mill in 1903
After 1917	Closed				Map showing the mill in 1917
Before 1927	United Waste Management Company		Wool, recycled textiles and textile processing	This was the last industrial use of the property.
1930s			Dirty wool
1986	Bergmeyer Development Co.	Repurposed for 86 condominiums		The purchase price was $1.6 million. A 25-foot waterfall passes through the complex. In the 80s of the last century, fires burned down various parts of the complex.
Today	Stone Mill Condominiums				Mother Brook with Stone Mill condominiums Units in Centennial Dam and Stone Mill Units in Stone Mill

Privilege 4’s second mill was currently located on Stone Mill Drive.

Year	Owner	Manager	Product	Notes	Picture
~ 1787		Ruggles Whiting	Wire
Hanson | 1976 | p=195}			Nails
1819	George Bird		Paper	Bird already owned the first windmill on the fourth privilege.

Fifth Privilege

Fifth Privilege was located on the corner of Knight and River Streets in Reedville.

Year	Owner	Manager	Product	Notes	Picture
1814	Dedham Manufacturing Company		Cotton	Original wooden buildings
1867	Nine men
1875	Smithfield Manufacturing Company			Built brick mills and lost them to a mortgage
1879	Royal C. Taft
1879	BB&R Knight Cotton	Manchaug Company		Repaired the dam, fitted new wheels and made other improvements.
1922	Francis W. Smith		The plant was supposed to be closed and levelled.	The main factory building is built of brick and is 331 feet long and 59 feet wide. The sale included several other lots and buildings, including tenements and a caretaker’s house.
	Condominiums
Today	Part of the Stony Brook Reservation

Bridges

Today, deviating from the Charles River, Mother Brook immediately passes under the Providence Highway Bridge. When it was built, a plaque commemorating the creek was placed on the bridge. Shortly after, he passes under a culvert at the Dedham Mall before reappearing at the transfer station and running towards the Washington Street Bridge. It then crosses Maverick Street, Bussey Street and Saw Mill Lane, the site of three old mills. At Mother Brook Condominium, just downstream of Centennial Dam, a creek flows under a small bridge connecting North Stone Mill Drive and South Stone Mill Drive. Upon entering Hyde Park, it passes under the River Street and Reservation Road bridges before merging into the Neponset.

Various bridge improvements have been proposed and implemented over the years by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the City of Dedham, the City of Boston and private organizations.

Recreation

Heron flies over Mother Brook in Hyde Park.

Mother Brooke as she appeared in 1893.

A canoeist in 1893 wrote about his journey along the creek, which, entering the Charles River,

say goodbye to flat marshes and wide views of the distant river, because the small stream we imagined is now a diverse landscape: a barnyard with cattle mooing, ducks splashing and splashing in the water, and a shabby old bag hidden in the stream, on the left to wash, and then into the cool woods, where we can almost touch the shores on both sides. And green alder bushes arch over our heads, forming a cool shady tunnel.

The water is so shallow that we can clearly see brightly colored pebbles at the bottom and colorful fish darting back and forth. it is a lively, seething stream, he hurries to join the Neponset, laboriously overturning numerous mills along the way.

The stream has long been a popular place for swimming and ice skating. The public bath was built in 1898 at a cost of $700. In 1907, Tuesday and Friday afternoons were set aside for the use of women. Girls under 16 are admitted free, while those older are charged 5 cents. The youngest member of the Parks Commission, J. Vincent Reilly, taught crowds of over 200 to swim. It burned down at 1923, and the 1924 proposal to restore it was expected to receive an unfavorable recommendation from the permitting committee. The swimming pool now at Mill Pond Park was considered a perk of working for the Boston Envelope Company in 1936. In the words of one contemporary, in the winter of the 1870s and 1880s, “the youth gathered on the ice [to skate] must number in the hundreds. ”

Future Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis wrote in 1905 to William Beltran de Las Casas, chairman of the City Parks Commission, asking him to consider adding the creek to the Greater Boston City Park System. He said: “Unique in the metropolitan area. It is very similar to the Main Forest.” He added that if it were added, although it would be separated from the rest of the parks, “the future interests of our urban park system would, in my opinion, be largely served.” De Las Cas agreed with Brandeis, but the owners of the mill in the area threatened to sue to prevent the suit, and the costs involved in taking over this well-known property were high.

In 1915 it was said that well-maintained gardens can be seen on both sides of the stream. It was also a popular place for swimming and boating. At least in the 1930s and 1940s, the State Department of Fish and Wildlife supplied the creek with trout for fishing purposes. During part of 1941, the banks were filled with fishermen.

While Dedham had a Mother Brook Commissioner at the time, the Planning Board was in charge of the recreational aspects of the creek, appointed a dedicated policeman and lifeguard, and held swimming and diving competitions. Swimming competitions gathered 800 spectators.

In 1968, the City Parks Commission applied for an “Open Space Grant” from the federal government, during which part of the area at the headwaters was reclaimed for the construction of Dedham Mall. In 1980, the Natural Areas Foundation of Boston preserved many sites along the creek as “green landforms from accumulated buildings and sidewalks.” The City of Boston built a new park on Reservation Road in 1999, reinforcing the creek’s banks while they were in operation. The project, on a six-acre site, included a skate park, a landscape preserve along a creek, and a pollutant clean-up.

Today there are hiking trails, a picnic area, a canoe boat, Condon Park, a playground for people with disabilities, and much more along the creek. Community group Mother Brook has won a grant from Dedham Savings to convert the old town beach at the intersection of Bussy and Colburn Streets into a passive park with a lookout, benches, landscaping and a stone walkway. Mill Pond Park opened on July 12, 2014. The community group has also opened up new stretches of the creek for fishing, and catches can be eaten in moderation. At the 2015 Fall Annual City Meeting, the City established the Mother Creek 375th Anniversary Committee. It featured Dan Hart, Nicole Keene, Brian Keaney, Vicki L. Krukeberg, Charlie Krueger, Jerry Roberts and Jean Ford Webb.

Notes

References

References

• Clark, Wm. Horatio (1903). Dedham Mid-Century Memories . Dedham Historical Society.

• Haven, Samuel Foster (1837). Historic address to the citizens of the city of Dedham on September 21, 1836, which marks the second centennial anniversary of the founding of the city of . H. Mann. Retrieved June 28, 2021.

• Dedham Historical Society (2001). Images of America: Dedham . Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-0944-0. Retrieved 11 August 2019.

• Worthington, Erast (1900). Historical Sketch of Mother Brook, Dedham, Massachusetts: Compiled from Various Records and Documents, Showing the Diversion of Part of the Charles River into the Neponset River and Industrial Works on the Creek from 1639 to 1900 . Dedham, MA: C. G. Wheeler.

• Tritsch, Electa Kane (1986). Construction of Dedham . Dedham Historical Society.

• Steinberg, Theodore (January 29, 2004). Nature Incorporated: Industrialization and New England Waters . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521527118 .

• Davison (1948). Davison Textile Blue Book: US and Canada . 84 . Davison Publishing Company.

• Davison Textile Blue Book: USA and Canada . Davison Publishing Company. 1910

• Lamson, Alvan (1839). History of the first church and parish at Dedham, in three discourses . Herman Mann.

• Hanson, Robert Brand (1976). Dedham, Massachusetts 1635-1890 . Dedham Historical Society.

• Parr, James L. (2009). Dedham: historical and heroic tales from Sheertown . History Press. ISBN 978-1-59629-750-0 .

further reading

• “The useful tradesmen, artisans and mills of Dedham Grant, 1636-1840”, Elekta Kane Tritch, Dedham Grant Research Project, 1981

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Trumbull, Connecticut

Trumbull is a city located in Fairfield County, Connecticut. It borders the cities of Bridgeport and Shelton and the cities of Stratford, Fairfield, Easton, and Monroe. The population was 36,018 at the time of the 2010 Census. ^[1] Trumbull was the home of the Golden Hill Paugussett Indian Nation for thousands of years before an English settlement was established in 1639. The town was named after Jonathan Trumbull (1710–1785), merchant, patriot, and statesman when he was included in 17

History

The main article: History of Tumballa, Connecticut

Trampal territory Pauguset Indian nation of the Indian nation here before the arrival of the English colon England and founded the city of Stratford, Connecticut in 1639.

In 1725, the inhabitants of Stratford, who lived in the northern part of the city, petitioned the Colony of Connecticut to create their own separate villages. They wanted to name their new village Nicolas Fermat, after the family that lived in its center. However, the Colony named him Unity instead. Unity Village merged with a village to the west called Long Hill (organized 1740) to form the town of “North Stratford” in 1744.

In the late 1780s, North Stratford began petitioning the Connecticut General Assembly seeking independence from Stratford. The Assembly finally granted full town rights in October 1797 and named the new town after Jonathan Trumbull (1710–1785), merchant, patriot, and statesman. ^[2] He was a strong supporter of General George Washington and served as Revolutionary War Governor of Connecticut. ^[3]

Geography

Bodies of Water

The Peconnock River is the only major waterway in Trumbull, originating northwest of Old Mine Park on the Monroe boundary and flowing southeast through the Peconnock River Valley State Park, Trumbull Center and Twin Brooks Park. ^[4] The river leaves Trumbull and enters Beardsley Park in Bridgeport.

Principal waters include Canoe Brook Lake, Pinewood Lake, Tashua Hills Golf Club Pond, and Twin Brooks Park’s six ponds. Minor bodies of water include Dogwood Lake, Frog Pond, Kaatz Pond, Kachele Pond, Porters Pond, Secret Pond, Drozd Wood Lake, and Unity Park Pond.

Land

According to the US Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ​​23.5 square miles (61 km ² ), of which 23.3 square miles (60 km ² ) is land and 0.2 square miles miles (0.52 km ² ), or 0.98%, falls on water. According to the USGS in 1986, the city’s lowest point was approximately 40 feet (12 m) above sea level in Beach Park. ^[5] The highest point is the summit of Monitor Hill at 615 feet (187 m) above sea level. ^[6]

The 615-foot (615-foot) elevation of Monitor Hill (Tashua Hill) in Trumbull is the highest point on the East Coast of the United States, according to the United States Geological Society. He is commemorated with a plaque on Monitor Hill Road.

Parks

Trumbull has 871.23 acres (3.5257 km ² ) of park facilities. ^[7] These areas include:

• Abraham Nichols Park / Wood Estate (13.8 acres (56000 m ² ))
• Aldo Memorial Park (Westwind Road) (7.0 acres (28000 m 2)) ))
• Robert J. Beach Memorial Park (331.0 acres (1.340 km ² ))
• Davydov Park (15.2 acres (62000 m ² ))
• Great Oak Park (6.9 acres (283,000 m ² ))
• Gunter Pond Park (1.3 acres (5300 m ² ))
• Indian Ledge Park (104.6 acres (0.423 km

  8 )) 9217

• Island Brook Park (47.0 acres (190,000 m ² ))
• Kaatz Pond Park (17.5 acres (71000 m ² ))
• Kaechele Football Fields (12.23 acres 967 2 2 ))
• Long Hill Green (0.1 acres (400 m ² ))
• Middlebrooks Park (13.7 acres (55000 m ² ))
• Mishy Brook Park (16.6 acres (67000 m ² ))
• Notnagle Memorial Field (4.0 acres (16000 m ² ))
• Old Historic Mine Park (Dedication) 72. 1 acres (2