Capitalization to whom it may concern: To Whom it May Concern’ Capitalization Guidelines

To Whom it May Concern’ Capitalization Guidelines

‘To Whom It May Concern’ capitalization

‘To Whom It May Concern’ is a common salutation for letters and emails that are more formal in nature. This phrase is typically used in business correspondence rather than for personal correspondence. While this salutation is formal, there are particular times when you should and should not use it. Here we explore the type of correspondence when this phrase is acceptable, ‘To Whom It May Concern’ capitalization guidelines, when to use this salutation, and steps to take before using ‘To Whom It May Concern.’

What kind of correspondence would include ‘To Whom It May Concern?’

There several different types of correspondence in which it may be appropriate to begin the correspondence with ‘To Whom It May Concern.’ This phrase is most often used in business correspondence, such as a business email. Common types of letters and emails in which this salutation could be used include:

• Cover letters
• Sales letters
• Invoices
• Confirmation of orders
• Delivery letters
• Invitations
• Appointment letters
• Inquiries
• Business memos
• Business faxes
• Business emails
• Reference letters

Learn more: 9 Email Mistakes That Could Cost You the Job Offer

‘To Whom It May Concern’ capitalization guidelines

In nearly all instances, capitalizing all of the first letters of each word in ‘To Whom It May Concern’ is appropriate. A good rule of thumb is to consider this phrase as a stand-in for the person’s name in which you are writing. Since you would capitalize the first letter of a person’s name, you should do so for the phrase ‘To Whom It May Concern.’ Follow ‘To Whom It May Concern’ with either a colon or a comma, a space, and then immediately go into the body of the letter.

When to use ‘To Whom It May Concern’

The following are several instances in which it would be appropriate to use ‘To Whom It May Concern’ as a salutation:

• Response to a prospective customer: If you receive an email or automated message from a potential client and the email does not include their first and/or last name, using ‘To Whom It May Concern’ is a more generic yet formal salutation to consider using. Be sure to ask for the potential customer’s name in your email so you can properly address them in future correspondence.
• Cover letter: When you’re writing a cover letter to a hiring manager or employer, you may not initially know their name(s). Using ‘To Whom It May Concern’ is a good alternative as it shows professionalism. You should also use an alternative greeting if you are not sure of the proper spelling of the recipient’s name, as it will come off as unprofessional to spell their name incorrectly.
• Recommendation letter: If you’re asked to write a letter of recommendation for a previous coworker or another individual you know from a professional setting, you may wish to begin the letter with ‘To Whom It May Concern.’ This is especially true if you are not provided with the full name of the recipient. But, be sure to ask the person who requested the letter first, as addressing the recipient by their first and last name is typically preferred.
• Feedback letter: If you wish to share feedback with your employer or another company but are unsure of whom to address in the letter, using the salutation ‘To Whom It May Concern’ is a professional yet generic way to begin the letter. This also ensures that no matter who ultimately reads the letter, it’s addressed in a way that is acceptable to all readers.

Steps to take before using ‘To Whom It May Concern’

The following are steps you should take before using this salutation in correspondence:

1. Review the job listing. If you are submitting correspondence to apply for a position, you should first thoroughly review the job listing to ensure the contact name is not available. Some hiring managers or recruiters will include their names on the job posting, or you may notice the name in the email provided for application purposes.
2. Search the organization’s website. Some companies will list the hiring manager or head of the department that you’re submitting your application to on their website. This information would usually be in a section titled ‘Staff’ or ‘Team’ or in the ‘About’ area on the website.
3. Call the company. If you are unable to find the name of the hiring manager or recruiter using the above methods, you could also consider directly calling the company and asking to speak to a human resources employee. This person should be able to provide you with the full name of the person you should address your correspondence to.
4. Look on networking websites. Some recruiters and hiring managers will have profiles on professional networking websites like LinkedIn. You can search for the company on the website and then take a look at their employees currently on the website to find the appropriate person to address your letter or email to. For example, you may see that Ryan Titus is the hiring manager for the organization you’re applying to. This is likely the name you’d want to address your correspondence to when submitting your application.

If you take all of these steps and are still unable to find the name of the person you’re writing to, using ‘To Whom It May Concern’ or another generic greeting is appropriate.

Alternatives to ‘To Whom It May Concern’

The following are several alternative salutations you can use in place of ‘To Whom It May Concern’:

• Dear Recruiter
• Dear Hiring Manager
• Dear Human Resources/HR Manager
• Dear Hiring Committee
• Dear [Title of Department]
• Hello
• Dear Personnel Manager
• Dear Recruiting Manager
• Greetings
• Hi there
• Dear Sir or Madam
• Dear Recruiting Department
• Dear [Company Name] Recruiter
• Dear [Title of Department] Director
• Good Morning
• Good Afternoon
• Good Evening
• Hi All

To Whom it May Concern’ Capitalization Guidelines

‘To Whom It May Concern’ capitalization

‘To Whom It May Concern’ is a common salutation for letters and emails that are more formal in nature. This phrase is typically used in business correspondence rather than for personal correspondence. While this salutation is formal, there are particular times when you should and should not use it. Here we explore the type of correspondence when this phrase is acceptable, ‘To Whom It May Concern’ capitalization guidelines, when to use this salutation, and steps to take before using ‘To Whom It May Concern.’

What kind of correspondence would include ‘To Whom It May Concern?’

There several different types of correspondence in which it may be appropriate to begin the correspondence with ‘To Whom It May Concern.’ This phrase is most often used in business correspondence, such as a business email. Common types of letters and emails in which this salutation could be used include:

• Cover letters
• Sales letters
• Invoices
• Confirmation of orders
• Delivery letters
• Invitations
• Appointment letters
• Inquiries
• Business memos
• Business faxes
• Business emails
• Reference letters

Learn more: 9 Email Mistakes That Could Cost You the Job Offer

‘To Whom It May Concern’ capitalization guidelines

In nearly all instances, capitalizing all of the first letters of each word in ‘To Whom It May Concern’ is appropriate. A good rule of thumb is to consider this phrase as a stand-in for the person’s name in which you are writing. Since you would capitalize the first letter of a person’s name, you should do so for the phrase ‘To Whom It May Concern.’ Follow ‘To Whom It May Concern’ with either a colon or a comma, a space, and then immediately go into the body of the letter.

When to use ‘To Whom It May Concern’

The following are several instances in which it would be appropriate to use ‘To Whom It May Concern’ as a salutation:

• Response to a prospective customer: If you receive an email or automated message from a potential client and the email does not include their first and/or last name, using ‘To Whom It May Concern’ is a more generic yet formal salutation to consider using. Be sure to ask for the potential customer’s name in your email so you can properly address them in future correspondence.
• Cover letter: When you’re writing a cover letter to a hiring manager or employer, you may not initially know their name(s). Using ‘To Whom It May Concern’ is a good alternative as it shows professionalism. You should also use an alternative greeting if you are not sure of the proper spelling of the recipient’s name, as it will come off as unprofessional to spell their name incorrectly.
• Recommendation letter: If you’re asked to write a letter of recommendation for a previous coworker or another individual you know from a professional setting, you may wish to begin the letter with ‘To Whom It May Concern.’ This is especially true if you are not provided with the full name of the recipient. But, be sure to ask the person who requested the letter first, as addressing the recipient by their first and last name is typically preferred.
• Feedback letter: If you wish to share feedback with your employer or another company but are unsure of whom to address in the letter, using the salutation ‘To Whom It May Concern’ is a professional yet generic way to begin the letter. This also ensures that no matter who ultimately reads the letter, it’s addressed in a way that is acceptable to all readers.

Steps to take before using ‘To Whom It May Concern’

The following are steps you should take before using this salutation in correspondence:

1. Review the job listing. If you are submitting correspondence to apply for a position, you should first thoroughly review the job listing to ensure the contact name is not available. Some hiring managers or recruiters will include their names on the job posting, or you may notice the name in the email provided for application purposes.
2. Search the organization’s website. Some companies will list the hiring manager or head of the department that you’re submitting your application to on their website. This information would usually be in a section titled ‘Staff’ or ‘Team’ or in the ‘About’ area on the website.
3. Call the company. If you are unable to find the name of the hiring manager or recruiter using the above methods, you could also consider directly calling the company and asking to speak to a human resources employee. This person should be able to provide you with the full name of the person you should address your correspondence to.
4. Look on networking websites. Some recruiters and hiring managers will have profiles on professional networking websites like LinkedIn. You can search for the company on the website and then take a look at their employees currently on the website to find the appropriate person to address your letter or email to. For example, you may see that Ryan Titus is the hiring manager for the organization you’re applying to. This is likely the name you’d want to address your correspondence to when submitting your application.

If you take all of these steps and are still unable to find the name of the person you’re writing to, using ‘To Whom It May Concern’ or another generic greeting is appropriate.

Alternatives to ‘To Whom It May Concern’

The following are several alternative salutations you can use in place of ‘To Whom It May Concern’:

• Dear Recruiter
• Dear Hiring Manager
• Dear Human Resources/HR Manager
• Dear Hiring Committee
• Dear [Title of Department]
• Hello
• Dear Personnel Manager
• Dear Recruiting Manager
• Greetings
• Hi there
• Dear Sir or Madam
• Dear Recruiting Department
• Dear [Company Name] Recruiter
• Dear [Title of Department] Director
• Good Morning
• Good Afternoon
• Good Evening
• Hi All

Market capitalization of cryptocurrencies | Binance Academy

TL;DR

Market cap applies to both equity markets and cryptocurrencies and blockchain projects. It tells us the current market value of a particular cryptocurrency or blockchain network.

An equally important indicator is the total market capitalization of the entire crypto industry. In a sense, it can be used as an estimate of the total value of all blockchains and cryptocurrencies in the industry.

Introduction

Calculating the market capitalization of a cryptocurrency project is relatively simple. While most stakeholders will compare the market capitalization of individual projects, it can also be useful to keep an eye on the big picture.

The total value of all crypto assets is much more than the value of just Bitcoin or Ethereum, despite the fact that these are the two largest projects by their individual market capitalization.

The total capitalization of cryptocurrencies is reported by all leading aggregators, which makes it relatively easy to track this indicator. But what does it mean and what can it tell us about the market? Let’s find out.

What is the capitalization of the crypto market?

Market capitalization, often shortened to “market cap”, is the current market value of a cryptocurrency network. It is calculated by multiplying the number of crypto assets in circulation by the price of the corresponding asset.

Let’s say we have two networks, AliceCoin and BobCoin. The total supply of AliceCoin is 1,000 coins and they are all in circulation. BobCoin implements the Proof of Work algorithm and currently has 60,000 coins in circulation out of 100,000. The current market price of AliceCoin is $100 and BobCoin is $2. Which coin has the higher market cap?

Market Cap = Supply × Price

AliceCoin Market Cap = 1,000 × $100 = $100,000

BobCoin Cap = 60,000 × $2 = $120,000

Even though BobCoin is 50x cheaper than AliceCoin network higher than AliceCoin. This is why market capitalization reflects the value of the network better than just the price of an individual coin.

What is the total market capitalization of cryptocurrencies?

Total market capitalization reflects the combined value of Bitcoin, altcoins, stablecoins, tokens and all other crypto assets in the market combined. This indicator is considered important because it indicates the size of the industry as a whole.

Total cryptocurrency market capitalization since 2013. Source: CoinmarketCap.

Due to the relatively high volatility of the cryptocurrency markets, the value of capitalization tends to change. During the first six and a half years of the existence of cryptocurrencies, the total market capitalization did not exceed $20 billion. Since the last peak of $770 billion in 2018, it has hovered in the hundreds of billions.

What is the total capitalization of cryptocurrencies used for?

The combined market capitalization of cryptocurrencies is often used as a basis for comparison with other sectors of the economy. For example, many analysts compare the total market cap of cryptocurrencies to the market cap of precious metals or stocks.

Why do they do it this way? This feature provides a rough estimate of where and how the crypto market could grow in the coming years and decades.

However, no one knows how best to evaluate the value of cryptocurrencies and blockchain projects. These comparisons can be helpful, but they should not be blindly trusted.

Comparison of different financial markets is often useless. Different industries attract different types of investors. Cryptocurrency will not by default attract stock traders, currency traders and precious metals speculators. Cryptocurrencies are a new and thriving asset class and should be treated accordingly.

Why can the total capitalization of the crypto market be inaccurate?

Making financial decisions based only on the total capitalization of the crypto market can be misleading for many reasons.

First, it is necessary to correctly calculate the market value of each project separately. To do this, you need to take the total supply and multiply it by the price of the asset.

But it can be difficult to find out reliable information about an offer. If these data are incorrect, then all further calculations automatically become incorrect.

Secondly, the market capitalization of some projects can be manipulated. Some designs do this to give a false impression of security and value. Considering only total market capitalization without asking what it actually means will lead to potentially dangerous financial decisions.

At the end of the day, total market capitalization is just a number that is relevant at a given point in time. It could be nine figures today, nine figures next week, and eight figures six months from now. It is just a snapshot of the cryptocurrency industry at a certain time.

Diluted Cryptocurrency Market Cap

There are several ways to calculate market cap. One way to estimate the potential value of a network is by diluted market capitalization. Consider what it is.

The term “diluted market cap” comes from the stock market. There, this figure represents the valuation of the company when all share options are exercised and all securities are converted into shares.

It is also important to keep in mind the current and future offerings of cryptoassets. Not all cryptocurrencies, tokens and assets are currently issued in full.

For example, we know that there will be a maximum of 21 million Bitcoins. There are 18.505 million Bitcoins in circulation today. This equates to a market capitalization of approximately 19$5.2 billion at roughly $10,550 per BTC.

Instead, the diluted market capitalization calculation will take into account the maximum number of Bitcoins. So we take 21 million and multiply it by the current BTC price of $10,550. The result of this amount is the diluted market capitalization of Bitcoin, which is approximately $221. 5 billion.

This principle can be applied to all other crypto assets on the market. The diluted market capitalization is the current price of an asset multiplied by its maximum supply that will ever be in circulation. Given that asset prices will fluctuate, this is by no means an accurate indicator. However, it can help determine whether an asset may be undervalued or overvalued.

Deflationary tokens

The circulating supply of many cryptocurrencies increases over time. In such cases, the capitalization of the diluted crypto market will be higher than today, even if the price remains the same.

At the same time, there are deflationary tokens, the supply of which is actively reduced. This is done in a variety of ways, one of which is a process known as coin burning. It reduces the future maximum volume of the specified asset.

If the value of an asset does not increase over time, but its supply decreases, then the diluted market capitalization in the future may be lower than it is today.

Here’s an example: BurnCoin has a current maximum supply of 20 million tokens at $1 per coin. But the team decides to buy back the tokens from the market and burn them, reducing the maximum supply to 18 million BurnCoin.

After the announcement of the burn, the price of BurnCoin remains at $1.00. Knowing about incineration, we can calculate the diluted market cap:

18 million BurnCoin x $1 = $18 million

However, at the time of the burn announcement, the market cap is:

10 million BurnCoin x $1 = $20 million

In this case, the diluted market cap is actually lower than current. The example above shows that a lot can happen between the announcement and the actual burning of the coin.

Even after a burn, the price can go up or down. Diluted market cap, especially for deflationary tokens with active coin burning, is not an accurate indicator. You can think of it as a snapshot, like the current market cap, but it’s actually an attempt to estimate future value.

Conclusion

The market capitalization of cryptocurrencies is one of the most important indicators to keep an eye on. It reflects the ebb and flow of the entire cryptocurrency industry. It is also useful to distinguish between current capitalization and diluted capitalization, which shows capitalization in the future.

At the same time, it is important to consider other indicators. Market capitalization is only part of the puzzle. There are other aspects of the industry that need to be looked into before making any financial commitment.

Capitalization rate: calculation, components and methods

The capitalization rate indicator can provide valuable information in the process of assessing investment flows. Unfortunately, there are often big problems with calculations, since statistical information on the real estate market, as well as on a number of other key segments of the economy, is often not available in the context of the Russian Federation.

Calculation of the capitalization rate

Components of the capitalization rate

Capitalization rate for real estate

Income capitalization rate

Capitalization rate methods

When income grows, the formula for calculating the capitalization rate is supplemented by such an indicator as the growth rate. When fixing a drop in income, the calculation of the capitalization rate is not carried out, but the discounted cash flow method (DCF) is used instead.

Calculation of the capitalization rate

The capitalization ratio (capitalization rate) shows the ratio of the asset price in the market to net income for 12 months. Property valuation uses a formula by which net income is divided by the value of the property.

The investor, thanks to the capitalization rate, sees the percentage of income that the purchase of an asset promises him.

A decline in capitalization rates indicates the beginning of a recession in the market, and often such a phenomenon as stagnation. In the real estate market, the capitalization rate indicator is in demand more than in other areas.

Components of the capitalization rate

The capitalization rate is calculated based on the analysis of changing income flows, using calculation models and the general capitalization rate. The calculation of the latter indicator is influenced by the value of the object, the change in income, the terms of financing, the chosen recapitalization model, as well as the market level of the rate of return. The capitalization rate consists of the rate of return and the discount rate. When working with Western methods that involve valuing real estate for tax purposes, it is necessary to take into account the effective rate of applicable taxes.

Capitalization rate for real estate

In real estate appraisal, investors often use the so-called income approach, which is based on the ability of an asset to generate a certain profit in the future. The application of the method allows not only to determine the cost of the object, but also to evaluate the effectiveness of future investments. In other words, we are talking about the ratio of the price of an object to the level of profitability in the process of its operation.

The basic formula is:

V = I/R, where

V is the value of the property;
I – income received from the operation of real estate;
R – coefficient, it is also the capitalization rate. It reflects the ratio of income from operating activities to the value of real estate.

Income capitalization rate

Income capitalization is a set of calculations and measures within the framework of which the company’s performance is assessed in terms of its profit level. The essence of the method is to calculate the amount of capital that exceeds or equals the percentage of the loan, with the condition of providing the necessary income in relation to the enterprise’s budget. Capitalization of income involves the use of the received current profit in order to develop the business and increase the volume of fixed capital in order to convert additional capital into income in the future.

Capitalization rate methods

In the process of evaluating the company’s activities, specialists use a number of effective methods, which also include income capitalization. The main advantage of the method is a high level of efficiency in the process of analyzing future income and development prospects of the enterprise. When there is a sharp change in expected profit in management’s plans, it is recommended to apply the discount method.

Advice from Sravni.ru: Thanks to the monitoring of the company, the shareholders get a clear understanding of the effectiveness of the management, as well as more accurately determine the direction of the further development of the enterprise. Monitoring gives an idea of ​​the real value of the business, which is necessary when communicating with creditors and investors. Valuation also helps to correctly and correctly organize the accounting of assets that are acquired in the course of the professional activities of the enterprise.