Activities for preschoolers that promote cognitive development: Play & cognitive development: preschoolers

Activities That Promote Cognitive Development for Preschoolers

As a child heads off to preschool for the first time, (usually at age four or five) they may experience some confusion or frustration with this massive change in their routine. Preschool can be a time of rapid cognitive developments and changes. Every day a child goes to preschool, they are gaining massive amounts of new information, not only in relation to school but also socially. 

Preschool can be a scary step for kids at first. They may miss the routine they were used to before going to school. Other children may be really happy to socialize with more kids their own age if that is not normal for them at home. All in all, going into preschool signals a lot of changes for a young kid. Music therapy can help them to manage those transitions and be more comfortable in their new social setting.

Anything you need to know about music therapy in preschooler’s cognitive development can be found here:

• Physical activities that promote cognitive development for preschoolers 
• Mental activities that promote cognitive development for preschoolers 
• How can music specifically help your preschooler meet their cognitive development milestones?

Not only can music help children feel more open to listening but it can help them gain more confidence with how they communicate too.

Physical activities that promote cognitive development for preschoolers 

Different physical activities can have  positive effects on a child’s development such as spatial awareness, fine motor skills, and gross motor skills. Children need some aspects of physical play, considering the levels of energy they have. These physical activities will not only help kids expend some energy, but can promote their cognitive development as well. 

This may seem counterintuitive, but let your child play with (safe) everyday household items. Not only do they see these items every day and probably wonder what they are, but this also means you don’t have to buy as many overpriced toys. By letting your child play with household items , they get to learn more about the objects around them and how they function. Children at this age are very curious and letting them investigate their surroundings is a great way to boost their cognitive development. 

Let your preschooler play with any paints, pencils, markers, or other art supplies that you have access to. Giving your child the tools for a creative activity lets them express emotions they may not be ready to communicate through words. This can help them gain self-confidence and make them feel more comfortable expressing their emotions in the future. 

Music can help preschool-age kids to develop connections with people around them and feel more confident with their social development. 

Mental activities that promote cognitive development for preschoolers 

Simple card games or board games are great for kids at this age because it is activating both their mental and physical growth.  A puzzle, for example, forces a child to think logically. They are learning on a visual level and are improving their spatial/physical awareness by figuring out which puzzle pieces interlock and which don’t. An activity like a puzzle or a game are great because they help your child to develop their ability to memorize. 

Ask your child a lot of questions. Give them options. Children at this age are just learning how to do these things themselves and offering that curiosity in return encourages them to keep wanting to learn more about the world and the people around them. By asking your child questions, you are also helping them get used to making their own decisions, which is something that will help them down the road. 

Music can be a great way to get kids engaged and limit distractions, with music therapy they can have fun and learn something at the same time! 

How can music therapy specifically help your preschooler meet their cognitive development milestones?

Singalongs are often the first things that come to mind when we think of music in preschools. Singalong activities are great because they help children to memorize lines and what words come next. Singalongs also help young kids who are still learning to talk. This increases the child’s engagement, even when attention spans tend to be pretty short. 

Music can be one of the most impressive tools in helping kids to accelerate their cognitive development. When you engage with music, so many different parts of the brain are stimulated, so engaging with music at a young age can trigger developmental growth in an incredibly positive way. Not only does this help your child’s mind and mental health, but it improves their physical comfort and general health as well. Because music combines so many senses, (hearing, touch, and sight) including musical elements can help them to be more present during different experiences. 

If music therapy is offered in your child’s learning environment, consider the many benefits. It will help your child to meet cognitive developmental milestones and provide a safe and encouraging environment for them. There are many resources available online to further investigate this topic, and see if it is the right fit for your child.

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Edited by Cara Jernigan on January 15, 2021

Cognitive development activities for preschoolers

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Focusing on cognitive development activities can have a positive outcome on how your child learns and retains information as well as on their behavior. Several studies[1] suggest that factors such as unstimulating environments, insufficient exercise and poor nutrition hinder cognitive development in preschoolers.

Other studies[2] have found that preterm or low-birth babies also have a higher risk of suffering from poor cognitive skills.

Weak cognitive skills influence preschoolers’ development. They can influence both their social and academic behavior and outcomes. The good news is that there are many simple activities that you can do at home to strengthen the development of your preschoolers’ cognitive skills.

Understanding cognitive development in preschoolers

Cognitive skills are the skills that your preschooler’s brain uses to perform tasks such reading and paying attention. These are the skills that help them to make sense of and to use information, to remember things and to reason.

Preschoolers need different cognitive skills to process the information that they receive. These skills enable them to:

1) Develop their long-term memory: Long-term memory enables children to store information over a long period of time.

If your preschooler has poor cognitive skills, they may struggle remembering information acquired in the past, easily forget things, or perform poorly in class because of their inability to remember things.

2) Develop their processing speed: Processing speed refers to the time your child’s brain takes to process information accurately.

A preschooler with poor cognitive development will take longer than other kids to understand and complete tasks.

3) Develop their ability to reason: The ability to reason is an important cognitive skill among preschoolers. Being able to reason strengthens their problem-solving skills. 

If your child has poor cognitive development skills, they will have a difficult time solving even simple problems, make frequent mistakes, or they will often feel that they do not understand or that they are unable to succeed.

This could lead to feelings of learned helplessness which refers to your child’s development of a pessimistic attitude toward their real capacities and to feelings of overwhelm when faced with challenges.

4) Develop their auditory processing: Auditory processing refers to your child’s ability to process what they hear accurately. This is what allows them to communicate effectively.

If your preschooler has poor cognitive development, they could struggle with understanding the words that they hear and how they process those words. This could lead to reading problems (comprehension and fluency).

5) Develop their visual processing skills: Visual processing refers to the brain’s ability to interpret visual images in one’s environment.

A preschooler with poor cognitive skills may find it difficult to understand what they are reading and could therefore struggle to solve word problems.

They may also struggle to process information presented in a visual form.

6) Develop their working memory: Working memory refers to your child’s ability to retain and manipulate the information that they need to successfully complete a task.

Preschoolers with poor working memory have a difficult time planning, organizing and successfully completing daily tasks and chores. They will forget what they were in the process of doing or will have to be repeatedly reminded instructions. These kids struggle with “step-by-step” directions and often have to be reminded what they are expected to do next.

7) Strengthen their attention skills: Different types of attention enable preschoolers to undertake tasks appropriately. Selective attention refers to their ability to filter out information and focus on something specific for a given period of time.

Divided attention refers to the brain’s ability to focus on different stimuli at the same time. In other words, divided attention enables your child to process more than one piece of information at the same time.

Sustained attention refers to the ability to focus over an extended period of time.

Preschoolers with poor cognitive skills struggle with focus and attention issues. They will only partially complete tasks and chores, they will become easily distracted and they will have a difficult time following multiple instructions.

Developing cognitive skills in preschoolers

Cognitive skills have a huge impact on how preschoolers behave and process information. The good news is that many simple activities at home can help your child develop or strengthen their cognitive abilities.

There are probably several things that you already do that help in your child’s cognitive development. Many activities and games that they engage in also help them develop their cognitive abilities.

Here are five activities that you can do (or should continue doing) to help develop your preschoolers’ cognitive skills.

Five cognitive development activities for preschoolers

1) Reading

Reading is one of the easiest activities that can help strengthen preschoolers’ cognitive development. It not only teaches them new words, it can also help them to acquire important skills such as paying attention, problem solving, reasoning, holding information in mind, and so on.

To strengthen your child’s cognitive skills, it is important to choose books that allow them to develop these skills.

Examples of good books for preschoolers include: Frog and Toad Storybook Favorites, Just How Long Can a Long String Be?! Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day, Round Like a Ball, Not a Box, Not a stick, Duck! Rabbit!

A subscription box such as the award-winning Book Roo can also help you choose appropriate books for your preschooler. The books they receive every month are carefully selected to ensure that they are attractive and age-appropriate for your child.

2) Encourage your child to play a musical instrument

Playing music is an effective and easy way to develop your preschooler’s cognitive abilities. It can help them develop their coordination and strengthen their auditory processing.

Any instrument that requires your child’s manipulation such as pianos or drums are good for them.

3) Listening to music is a great cognitive development activity for preschoolers

Your child already probably listens to music. They probably already know several sing-along songs that you all enjoy as a family. Music is great for reinforcing their cognitive abilities.

As they get older, you can use music in different ways to help improve their cognitive skills. For instance, playing games like “musical chairs” can help them learn to focus and to work on their processing speed.

You can also play slow songs – and ask them to dance slowly -, then interchange with quick songs to which they have to dance quickly. Even better, ask your preschooler to do the opposite – danse slowly to quick songs and quickly to slow songs!

4) Privilege games that foster preschoolers’ cognitive development

Games such as “Simon says” are great for developing your child’s cognitive skills, and there are many other games that can help develop these skills in preschoolers.

Remember that young children learn primarily through play. To get the most out of games, it is important to encourage different types of games and activities to help them work their brains in different ways.

Here are several ideas of age-appropriate games that can help preschoolers cognitive development:

Board games: Peaceable Kingdom Dinosaur Escape Game; Baby Dinosaur Rescue Board Game!, Go Away Monster; My First Castle Panic 

Games that help your child work on their visual perception skills:  Where’s Waldo?  Richard Scarry’s Busytown Eye Found It!

Games that teach concentration: Puzzles

Games that encourage creativity and teach other skills: Tegu Magnetic wooden blocks,  Pressman Charades for Kids; Gears! Gears! Gears!, Magna-Tiles

Games that encourage your child to keep active: Eezy Peezy Climbing Frame.

Free play is also an important part of growing up that helps children learn, grow, and develop cognitive abilities.

5) Craft activities can promote the development of cognitive skills in preschoolers

Encouraging your child to participate in art and craft activities is an easy way to help them work on their imagination and creative skills while strengthening their cognitive development. A “creativity box” filled with art and craft objects and placed within reach is an easy way to get your child interested in craft activities.

A craft subscription box is another easy way to promote your child’s interest in craft activities. Every month, they can receive their box filled with fun age-appropriate objects that they can use to unleash their creativity!

There are so many different and effective cognitive development activities for preschoolers. Ensuring that your child is gets to participate in multiple and varied activities is an easy way to ensure that they work their brain in different ways.

References

[1] Risk factors affecting child cognitive development

[2] Brain development of very preterm and very low-birthweight children in childhood and adolescence: a meta-analysis

Activities to Encouraging Cognitive Development in Preschoolers

4/1/2022

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Children’s brains absorb everything from the world around them. By the time they reach preschool age, their minds are exploding with experimenting and testing that helps them organize and sort out important information about the world. There’s so much to learn about cognitive development at the preschool level and great activities to encourage development that you can do with your child at home. 

What Is Cognitive Development?

Cognitive development is extremely important as part of early childhood, especially once your child reaches preschool age. Preschoolers’ brains are quickly developing and cognitive development focuses on sorting through the information they’re taking in by using perception, memory, information processing, language skills, and decision making. 

Your Preschooler and Cognitive Development: What’s Happening In Their Brain?

Neurologists refer to brain development during the preschool stage as “blossoming” because their brains are going through so many anatomical and physiological changes. Some children have a desire to experiment, explore and be individuals that may go beyond their abilities to communicate through language. It’s not unusual for this to lead to frustration and meltdowns. But there are cognitive activities for preschoolers that can better help them to express themselves.

6+ Creative Cognitive Activities for Preschoolers

Here are some of our favorite cognitive activities for preschoolers.

1. Use Different Materials to Help Learn About Literacy. If your child is interested in letters, help them make letters using materials like sticks, rocks, or anything they can find in nature. Ask them to use a stick and draw the letter in their name in the mud or the sand. 
2. Sorting Shapes and Colors. For younger children, a simple game of sorting colored balls or objects into different buckets can be a fun learning activity. Hand them a group of different color balls, and ask them to place all the red balls into one bucket, and all the blue balls into another. You can also do this by sorting different shapes. Ask your child to describe what they are doing for an added language connection. 
3. Work on Hand-Eye Coordination with Puzzles. Simple puzzles are a great way for children to work at hand-eye coordination and to start making shape connections. They also help with critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
4. Encourage them to Dress Up. Dress-up play lets children pretend to be their favorite characters and try out different personalities and abilities. Through dress-up play, children develop important social skills, problem-solving and imagination.
5. Play a Game of Simon Says. This classic children’s game of repetition requires listening, memory, and critical thinking along with physical activity.
6. Singing and Rhyming. Simple songs and rhymes are so much fun for children. They help develop language skills, memory, and rhythm, and can even introduce important concepts like the ABCs and counting.

Encouraging Cognitive Development in Young Children: Top Tips for Parents

Children learn best when they are engaged with what they are doing and can follow their interests. Learning through play is one of the best ways for children to explore and learn about the world and integrate that learning into other parts of their lives. Parents can encourage cognitive experiences for preschoolers that help with development by playing along with their children and engaging with them in the activities. 

Here are a few tips that will help you encourage your preschooler’s cognitive development:

• Follow your child’s lead. Let them decide what to play and what the rules are. This will help keep them engaged.
• Ask questions. Ask them to explain what is happening during an activity, and ask them to describe it. Encouraging children learn to use language about something they are interested in helps them form connections between different parts of the brain.
• Offer a variety of activities. If you’ve been mostly inside all day, change it up with an outside walk or activity. If you are working on cognitive math activities for preschoolers, use things from nature, like sticks and rocks, to help count or make a pattern.
• Let them make mistakes. Children need to make mistakes when learning something new. When they have to try something over again because it didn’t work, they can develop resilience. 
• Play with them and have fun! Children learn best when they are having fun, and they love having attention from you, so get in there and show them you can play too.

If you are interested in learning more about cognitive development in preschoolers, reach out to our educators at Vivvi. Our child care centers and in-home educators provide an enriching learning environment for children that helps them develop their learning abilities and sets them up for success. Contact us today for a virtual tour or to learn more about our programs.

Consultation for teachers “Creating conditions conducive to the implementation of the cognitive development of preschoolers” | Consultation (junior, middle, senior, preparatory group) on the topic:

Municipal preschool educational institution

combined type kindergarten No. 35 “Yolochka”

Consultation for teachers

“Creating conditions conducive to the implementation of the cognitive development of pupils”

Educator: Petrova Svetlana Yuryevna

Creative group in the direction of

“Cognitive Development”

about. Elektrogorsk

September, 2018

1 slide: title

2 slide: The Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education defines five educational areas. Today we will consider in detail the educational field: “Cognitive development”, its essence, tasks, ways and methods of its implementation.

3slide: Vasily Alexandrovich Sukhomlinsky said: “All our plans, all searches and constructions turn into dust if the child has no desire to learn. ” Federal State Educational Standard considers the formation of cognitive interests and cognitive actions of the child in various activities as the main principle of preschool education. In addition, the standard is aimed at developing the intellectual qualities of preschoolers. According to him, the program should ensure the development of the personality of preschool children in various activities.

4 slide: GEF DO interprets cognitive development as an educational area, the essence of which is revealed as follows:

– development of interests, curiosity and cognitive motivation; – the formation of cognitive actions, the formation of consciousness;

– development of imagination and creative activity;

– formation of primary ideas about oneself, other people, objects of the surrounding world, their properties and relationships (shape, color, size, material, sound, rhythm, tempo, quantity, number, part and whole, space and time, movement and rest , causes and effects, etc. ), primary ideas about the small homeland and the Fatherland, about the socio-cultural values ​​of the people, about the planet Earth as a common home for people, about the features of its nature, the diversity of countries and peoples of the world.

5 slide: Question: name the main directions of the PA “cognitive development” Answer (on the slide): FEMP, development of cognitive research activities, familiarization with the subject environment, familiarization with the social world, familiarization with the natural world.

6 slide This slide shows the main stages of cognitive development The first stage is curiosity: it is characterized by a child’s selective attitude to any object, due to purely external parties and circumstances. At this stage, the preschooler is content with only the initial orientation associated with the amusement of the subject itself. As an example of the manifestation of curiosity in a preschooler, one can cite the fact that at 2-3 years old a child focuses on the brightness of an object, without paying special attention to its essence. The second stage of cognitive development is defined as curiosity, which is the child’s desire to penetrate beyond the limits of what was originally seen and perceived. At this stage of interest, as a rule, strong emotions of surprise, joy of knowledge, delight, satisfaction with activity are manifested.

7 slide: For the development of children’s curiosity, the ability of an adult to answer children’s questions “Why is the grass green? What is a cow’s tail for? Why does the sun shine? A new quality of cognitive development is cognitive interest. It is characterized by increased stability, a clear selective focus on a cognizable object, valuable motivation, in which cognitive motives occupy the main place. A manifestation of cognitive interest should be considered the desire of the child to independently answer the questions posed, for example, in the course of experimentation, the study of the world around him. The presence of cognitive interest in preschoolers enhances the effect of education, development, and learning. Interest is closely related to the emotional life of the child.

8 slide: The highest level of cognitive development of preschool children is cognitive activity. Psychologists define cognitive activity as an independent, initiative activity of a child, aimed at understanding the surrounding reality (as a manifestation of curiosity) and determining the need to solve tasks that are put before him in specific life situations. Cognitive activity is not innate. It is formed throughout the entire conscious life of a person. The level of its development is determined by individual psychological characteristics and conditions of education.

9 slide Preschool age is the most favorable for the cognitive development of children. At the same time, according to a number of scientists, if the appropriate conditions for the implementation of the cognitive direction are not created, natural opportunities are neutralized: the child becomes passive in the perception of the world around him, loses interest in the very process of cognition. In this regard, scientists identify a number of conditions that provide fairly stable cognitive interests of preschoolers:

∙ Creation of an enriched object-spatial environment

∙ Inclusion of entertainment in the content of classes;

∙ Creation of problem-search situations;

∙ Involvement in creative tasks;

∙ Integration of various activities;

∙ Stimulating the manifestation of a child’s positive-emotional attitude to phenomena, objects and activities;

∙ Organization of experimentation;

∙ Use of design

10 slide: Cognitive development is carried out through the integration of all types of children’s activities, taking into account their age characteristics. Early age:

– Objective activities and games with compound and dynamic toys

– Interaction with an adult and joint games with peers under the guidance of an adult

– Experimentation with materials and substances (sand, water, dough, etc. )

– Self-care and activities with household items-tools

– Perception of the meaning of music, fairy tales, poetry, looking at pictures

– Elementary construction

– Motor activity

Preschool age:

– Game activity

– Communicative activity

– cognitive-research activity

– perception of fiction and folklore

– self-care and elementary household labor

– construction from different material

– image activity- image activities

– Musical activity

– Motor activity

11 slide Cognitive development in kindergarten is realized through such varied forms of educational activity as:

– GCD: travel activities, experimentation activities, activity games, observation activities, complex, integrated

– Excursions

– Elementary labor in nature

. – Projects

– Independent activity

– Joint activity

– Holidays, entertainment

12 slide A well-equipped, developing object-spatial environment is of great importance in the development of children’s cognitive activity. The conditions created should encourage children to search for answers to the questions posed, to obtain additional information on the content of the lesson and to engage in independent research activities. The field “Cognitive development” is represented in the group by the following corners:

– Corner of FEMP (sensorics)

– Corner of nature

– Experimentation Corner

– Design Corner

– The group must have children’s educational literature (encyclopedias, thematic educational books). Together with the children, educators draw up home-made books – babies on various topics. It is imperative that groups have board games of an educational nature, which are selected taking into account age, the subject matter of the material being studied, as well as an audio library and a video library.

13 slide Thus, the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education considers the formation of cognitive interests and cognitive actions of the child in various activities as the main principle of preschool education. At the same time, the organization of cognitive activity is clearly reflected and intersects (integrates) with other forms of work throughout the day the child is in kindergarten. The development of cognitive activity of preschoolers contributes to the intellectual and moral development of the child’s personality, the acquisition of experience in creative activity and a value attitude to the world, the formation of the prerequisites for educational activity.

Wenger L.A. Development of cognitive abilities in the process of preschool age [Text] / L.A. Wenger. – M.: Enlightenment, 1986. – 228 p.

Godovikova D.B. Formation of cognitive activity [Text] / D.B. Godovikova // Preschool education. – 1986. – No. 1. – C 28 – 32.

Lisina M.I. The development of cognitive activity of children in the course of communication with adults and peers [Text] / M.I. Lisina // Issues of Psychology, 1982.- No. 4.- P.18-35

Choosing educational games for children

‘Modern schoolchildren and preschoolers are confronted daily with much more information than their parents in childhood, and therefore it is not easy for them to assimilate and consolidate new knowledge. Kids quickly get tired of the continuous information flow, because of which they cease to show cognitive interest – one of the most important types of intellectual activity. Let’s talk about the role he plays and select educational games for children to awaken their desire to learn new things.

Cognitive activity

‘The need to constantly increase the volume of one’s knowledge, to discover more and more previously unknown concepts – this is the interest in knowledge. It manifests itself from the earliest years, when the baby studies the faces of the parents, various objects and the environment around him. In childhood, a person most actively absorbs information, since everything unknown seems surprising and interesting to him. But closer to school age, the situation is gradually changing – parents and teachers note that the children’s interest in new knowledge decreases, or even completely disappears.

‘This is due to a change in the presentation of information and an increase in its complexity. If in early childhood, kids learned really interesting facts about the world around them, now they need to study less exciting areas of knowledge – reading, counting, as well as various sciences. Also, the training format itself is becoming more and more routine – light exercises are gradually being replaced by repeated repetition and the familiar “cramming” to everyone. As a result, the lack of interest in studies adversely affects the results of the educational process.

‘In order to improve the situation, it is necessary to pay increased attention to the cognitive development of the child, choosing suitable methods for this. One of the most common methods is the introduction of game elements into the educational process. What are the advantages of such an approach?

The role of play in the development of the child

‘When a baby plays, parents think that he is having fun, and partly it is true. Game activity in itself is an interesting process that does not overwork the psyche, does not get bored. But it is a mistake to consider entertainment the only useful function of such leisure – it is also an excellent tool for raising children and developing their intellect.

‘The educational side of the play approach is that through it even complex concepts can be explained in a language accessible to the baby. After playing with him, parents can instill in him certain norms of behavior or explain the cause-and-effect relationships between actions and their consequences.

‘Along with educational activities, play activities also have developing functions. Any educational process will be easier if it is conducted in the form of a game. Unlike the usual lessons, this format does not cause excitement and anxiety, as students are not afraid to make mistakes, they boldly give answers to the questions asked. This has a positive effect on the effectiveness of learning and the speed of development of children’s skills. Playing activities arouse their enthusiasm, attract attention, increase involvement and interest.

‘However, for this method to work, it is necessary to choose tasks taking into account the age of preschoolers and schoolchildren. Let’s consider these exercises in more detail.

Cognitive development of preschool children

‘The period from infancy to entering school is considered almost the most important in terms of the formation of intelligence. It is in early childhood that the baby is instilled with the knowledge and skills that he will need in later life. To do this, you can use game tasks that contribute to the cognitive development of children at preschool age. It is better to give preference to those of them that:0003

• learn to distinguish colors and shapes of objects. You can play and practice with the help of cubes, constructors, simple puzzles in which you need to match an object with its shape.
• instill knowledge about animals, plants, transport, professions and so on. It is important to develop your horizons from childhood, and for this you can use riddles. They are not perceived as difficult exercises, but rather as entertainment, and therefore are great for the development of preschoolers.
• teach numbers and counting, letters and the basics of reading, learn to navigate in space and time. You can play with any toys. The task of parents is to come up with tasks and tasks while they play with the baby. For example, you can offer him to turn right or left if he plays cars, or ask how many products the doll “bought” in the store.

Educational games for schoolchildren

‘Unlike preschool children, school-age children already have basic knowledge and skills, and therefore classes with them should be aimed at a more in-depth development of their abilities. To do this, you can use educational games for children, which are selected according to their age.

‘So, for example, games for the development of horizons, which use picture cards, are perfect for younger students. They can depict natural phenomena, representatives of flora and fauna, various sights, equipment, and so on. The task of the child is to explain to the parents what is shown in the picture, without naming the name of this object. In the process of such leisure, the student will expand his horizons, learn new information and develop the ability to formulate and convey his thoughts to the interlocutor.

‘Intermediate students may like this exercise, but more often than not it seems too easy for them. Therefore, you can invite them to play intellectual quizzes with adults. Tasks can be very different: calculate in your mind the sum of two randomly selected multi-digit numbers, name the name of the historical figure depicted in the portrait, guess the word by its definition. The more varied the questions, the more interesting the game.

‘Parents need to remember that their main task is to try to captivate the student, to instill in him a craving for knowledge. If it turns out that he did not show interest in a particular type of exercise, then it is better to choose tasks from another area. It is worth considering the student’s hobbies, his age and preferences in order to find the most exciting and useful learning options with him. Then he will engage and expand his knowledge with more dedication.

The development of cognitive activity in older preschoolers in the classroom in the theater studio

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