Caring for a blind dog: Caring for a blind pet

Caring for a Blind Pet

The great majority of companion animals that have visual deficits, or have lost sight completely, can still have wonderful, happy and healthy lives as long as their human caregivers recognize their pet’s limitations and take steps to ensure the animal’s safety and comfort and quality of life.

* For additional resources, click on the orange “Resources for Pet Owners” link on the left.

Get a Diagnosis

It is important to recognize that many of the conditions that result in loss of vision are painful. When vision is lost, there may still remain the need to continue treatment and monitoring of the eyes to control or restore the patient’s comfort. For example, most glaucoma patients, once their vision has been irreversibly damaged, still have elevated intraocular pressure without therapy.  This pressure is described by human sufferers as equivalent to a migraine headache. Dogs with retinal degeneration, especially those diagnosed with an inherited retinal disorder such as progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), may over time develop cataract, which can result in lens-induced uveitis (intraocular inflammation). Inflammation, too, can be painful and can lead to secondary glaucoma. Many, if not most, of the ophthalmic conditions that can lead to blindness can have an impact on a patient’s comfort and quality of life. A proper diagnosis can inform decisions about maintenance, treatment and monitoring.

Playing it Safe

Once it has been determined that a pet is blind, the primary consideration beyond comfort is the pet’s safety. The environment must remain, or be made, safe for an unsighted pet. It is critically important that the environment be examined for dangers that are at pet-level and that sharp edges and other hazards be removed or cushioned to prevent injury. Baby gates may be employed to block access to swimming pools, stairs, fireplaces or hazards that cannot be removed. The floors should be kept free from flotsam. Objects that are left out of place make for a perilous landscape for the pet with opportunities for collisions that are potentially injurious or disorienting. In less confident pets, this uncertainty may contribute to generalized anxiety.

Particularly in early days for acutely blind dogs, supervision is important. Watching out for hazards and being a calm, steady presence can help the pet relax and be reassured. Dogs that are crate-trained often appreciate a sense of safety and security in their own space. The crate can serve as a safe haven when direct supervision is not possible. Dogs unused to crates may be confined to a room or a small area of the home when unsupervised. Nighttime confinement is often advisable to ensure all members of the household enjoy a restful sleep.

Stairs can be a particular challenge to the blind pet and may require a re-introduction of sorts. It can be helpful to carpet stairs or provide some other form of non-slip surface, such as adherent non-slip strips, on the treads will help the dog determine where stairs begin and end and improve footing. Training sessions with stairs should be performed with patience and supervision should be provided until the dog regains his/her confidence. Placing a treat on each stair tread, slightly out of the pet’s reach encourages exploration. Stand in front of the dog and speak with encouragement without pulling on his collar or harness. If s/he is still reluctant to move forward, place a hand beneath his/her abdomen and provide gentle support while at the same time encouraging forward momentum. Take one step at a time and repeat the process in both directions (up and down). Using a verbal cue when the dog makes the step, such as “step,” “up,” or “down,” will help the dog know what to expect in unfamiliar environments, such as when a curb is encountered on a walk outside.

It is important to make others aware that the pet is visually impaired. A person or another animal that approaches the blind pet without foreknowledge of the vision deficit may startle or frighten the pet and initiate a fight or flight reaction. Have an approaching person speak to the pet and offer a hand for olfactory inspection before making physical contact. A collar tag that states, “I’m blind,” is a good idea. Vests and bandanas can be purchased or made that state the same.

For exuberant individuals or those that persist in bumping into things once a reasonable acclimation period has passed, there are some devices that can be worn by the dog that allow the pet to detect a physical object or obstruction before coming into direct contact with it. Halo or bumper vests are worn like a harness and provide a lightweight bumper of sorts. Homemade vests or harnesses that have extensions or other “feelers” may be helpful to these pets. Whiskers and the other vibrissae of the face are nature’s feelers. These should be allowed to persist in their full and natural state and not be trimmed or removed during a trip to the groomer.

Adjusting and Acclimating

Just as with human beings, each dog is an individual and reacts to loss of a special sense differently. Some dogs, particularly if they are aged or have been used to being the alphas of their “packs,” have a harder and longer transition phase. Older dogs that have dominant personalities or are beginning to exhibit some cognitive dysfunction are more prone to difficult adjustments. Younger dogs, particularly those with congenital deficits, may adjust quickly and without too much hassle or distress. Initial reactions may range from minimal changes in demeanor and behavior to severe depression or fear.

If the newly blind dog begins to act aggressively or displays an uptick in aggressive behavior (snapping, biting or growling) above baseline, it is important to recognize that this may be a manifestation of fear rather than overt and simple aggression. Care should be taken to speak calmly and move slowly around these dogs and do what is necessary to minimize stress and avoid situations that incite aggression. Aggressive behavior should not be accepted or encouraged, however. The dog should never be petted, soothed or in any way rewarded for an aggressive reaction.

Dogs that exhibit the opposite response to vision loss, withdrawal or depression, may lose interest in play and exercise, and even food in extreme instances. They may seem lethargic, appear to have aged abruptly or become increasingly needy. These dogs need encouragement to engage in their environments and regain their confidence. Patience and consistency are key to their recovery, however they should not be coddled or relieved of their responsibility to interact with the world.  Human caretakers should try to act as normal as possible around these pets and maintain a positive attitude. Offer treats, toys and touch and try to maintain the once normal routine of walks and play and refrain from expressing overt sadness at the companion’s deficit.

With a period of adjustment, visually impaired animals will acclimate to their environments and compensate with their other senses. Consideration of the pet’s environment and senses of smell, hearing and place are important when learning to live with a visually-impaired pet. Dogs that cannot see will “map” their environments if given time and support. In many cases, they will develop such a sense of place and the confidence necessary to negotiate in such a way that visitors unfamiliar with the pet’s deficits may not even recognize the lack of sight. If the pet is reticent or if the environment is novel, leading the pet on a short leash around and from room to room and providing treats and positive reinforcement will facilitate adjustment. Picking up small dogs and carrying them around the house should be avoided as it prevents the pet from mapping the home and can be confusing to the pet if they are set down in another part of the home. A somewhat heightened level of supervision may be necessary to ensure the blind pet’s safety, however, it is important that the caretaker refrain from “hovering” and take care not to become a crutch for the visually impaired dog. The pet must be allowed to negotiate the surroundings and make mistakes for him/herself in order to learn and regain a sense of self and confidence.

For dogs, the leash should become an important safety tool. Keeping the pet on a short leash whenever outside of his/her home range will impart some degree of confidence and keep the pet within reach if an unexpected danger presents itself. If they are not already a part of the dog’s repertoire, teaching commands such as “sit,” “stay,” “come,” “heal,” and “down” will provide a sense of structure and safety for the pet and may help considerably with confidence levels. Training the pet with new commands such as “watch,” “step up,” “step down,” “left,” “right,” “hold,” “slow down,” and “stop,” may improve the pet’s engagement and safety as well. Verbal direction is reassuring to the visually impaired pet and may also help enhance the relationship between the dog and its human companion. Clicker training may be helpful for some pets as well. Continue to walk the dog to keep him or her physically and mentally fit. It is advisable to exchange a collar for a harness that provides somewhat more control and permits greater guidance. Remember that when presented with another animal, the visually impaired pet will not be able to read the body signals and visual cues that animals usually give to one another. Supervision is necessary when introducing new animals until a hierarchy and understanding has been established. It is advisable to be cautious around new dogs. Once accustomed to one another, sighted and blind companions often interact very well. Some sighted dogs become a great help to the impaired pet and will act as a form of “seeing eye” guide.

Keeping the pet’s bowls and bedding in the same place can be helpful for orientation. If the pet becomes confused but can return to his/her personal effects and home-base, re-orientation will be easier. If the crate is a home-base or the pet uses it as a resting area when not being confined within it, the door should be tied back in the open position to prevent inadvertent door closure and disorientation. Refraining from moving the furniture, or recognizing that that will require the pet to re-orient him/herself, and keeping the house picked up and things in their normal places is helpful as well. Carpet runners or non-slip pads, especially on slick surfaces or in doorways can provide landmarks, as can different textures (mulch, pebbles, varied surfaces).

Many blind pets will have heightened senses of hearing and smell. It is possible take advantage of this to help the pet’s security. Talk to the pet often and let him/her know when you are approaching or about to touch him/her. Walking with heavy footfalls when approaching a visually impaired pet may alert the pet to your presence. Keeping a radio on and in the same place will provide the pet with a landmark and provides some level of comfort and security when a human caretaker is absent. Placing wind charms on the porch, by the outside door or in a particular area of the yard may help a dog keep its bearings outside. Other pets may wear jingling tags or bells to alert the impaired pet to their presence and location. This can be particularly useful to avoid bites or other defensive behaviors that may manifest if the visually-impaired dog is startled, which is often the case when he/she is woken abruptly. Children should be cautioned and counselled about approaching a blind pet in order to ensure everyone’s safety. They should be supervised when they interact with the pet, particularly during an introduction.

Water fountains for drinking work very well for blind pets since the burbling sound of the water helps the pet locate the water source. Employing scents or pheromones in different parts of the home may be helpful for placing, particularly if used and corners or junctions in the home. Toys and blankets that have a familiar smell may provide comfort during stressful times or travelling.

Enjoying Life

It is helpful if the human companion maintains an upbeat and positive attitude with their visually impaired pet, especially if the vision loss is recent or acute. A human that feels sorry for themselves or their pet will transmit that sense of sadness or despair and may cause or increase a pet’s anxiety. Speaking to the pet in a normal, cheerful voice and providing positive reinforcement will ease the pet’s transition.

Visually impaired dogs can and should still play and interact with their environments. Play and socializing are an important part of a fulfilling life and contribute to good physical and mental health. Switching to or adding toys that have bells or squeakers, or otherwise make noise, may encourage or permit a pet to continue active play which is important to both physical and mental health. Pets can and do learn the names of certain toys. This may be a way to engage the pet in play. Toys that are scented or have holes for treats can engage and keep a pet’s interest and often become favorites.

In addition to auditory and olfactory cues, tactile sensation is another way the blind pet can interact with the environment and his/her caretakers. Massage is an excellent way to provide reassurance and relaxation for the blind pet. It is also helps strengthen the bond between the pet and his/her caretakers.

Learning to cope with the blind dog takes patience and dedication, but it is extremely rewarding when the dog achieves acclimation. The dog’s ability to cope and adjust to sensory deficits is remarkable and often enviable to humans in the same condition. The human caregiver of the blind dog must learn to vocalize everything and adapt to the dog’s new needs and abilities. A variety of resources, including books, websites and support groups, are available to provide insight and guidance.

Thank you to Caryn E. Plummer, DVM, Diplomate ACVO, University of Florida for preparing this information.

7 Strategies to Care for a Blind Dog

For humans who value their independence, blindness is devastating. Dogs, on the other hand, are fortunate in that humans can take their responsibilities as pet owners. There are many things you can do for your blind dog to make their life easier.

If you’re thinking about adopting a dog with vision loss or impairment it is important to understand how your pet’s care will need to change and be, as well as how you can help them.

Dogs can become blind for a variety of reasons, including medical conditions or simply old age. 

If your dog’s vision isn’t likely to be restored, your veterinarian can also assist you.

They can give you tips on how to help your dog adjust to their new senses and provide you with the information you need to change your lifestyle to properly care for your dog. 

Here are some things to think about and do to help your blind dog live a happy and healthy life.

Effective Communication

Blind pets may feel more vulnerable in unfamiliar situations or around strangers and other animals as well. Because blind pets are easily startled, you should speak with them first before touching them. 

You can help your dog know where they are by using different sound techniques to help your blind pet compensate in this situation as well. Sound therapy can help your dog greatly in knowing and understanding the environment well.

You can develop certain vocal cues to guide them better in scenarios like if they are approached by a stranger or they are approaching danger. Hearing certain commands and voices can help your dog calm down during anxious situations. It can help with their vision loss greatly. 

Creating a predictable environment

Because a dog who has lost or is losing their vision may feel vulnerable and anxious, it’s important to establish a daily routine as well as a safe, comfortable home environment for them. 

You can reduce the risk of injury by blocking off stairs and covering sharp corners on furniture. 

You can properly arrange your home environment, such as not leaving work tools, utensils, or your children’s toys in the middle of the house. 

This way you can remove the potential hazards from the interior of your home.

Keeping their food and water bowls in the same place and not moving them around too much can greatly assist them.

Your pet will eventually develop a mental map of their territory and may learn to safely navigate stairs and other obstacles, but it’s best to be cautious because an injury can break their confidence.

Dangers posed by external environments

If your dog is blind they are more vulnerable to incoming traffic or any hazards like tripping over the blocks of footpath, etc.

Follow the same routine for your dog while you take them out for a walk so they become familiar and experienced and they don’t bump into something. 

A blind harness that has a written text  telling strangers that your dog is blind can help with the situation as well. 

You can also buy a blind dog halo. It is a circular device that sits on top of your dog’s head and assists them in navigating. If they accidentally bump into something like a pole or a fire hydrant, they can learn and navigate better with this device. 

Over time, their confidence will improve, and they will be able to walk around more confidently, without injuring themselves.

Bells and scents

While it may sound tiresome, it is important that we do everything possible to make sure that our visually impaired dog has its best life.

We can put forth our own efforts in addition to those of our dog, who is also trying to settle in.

While at home, you can wear a bell around your wrist or on your feet to give your dog a sense of where you are.  

You can put a drop of scented oil on your door so that your dog can know where home is. Other animals in the house can also benefit from the use of bells.

Protect your dog from other animals and pets

While on a walk interacting with other dogs can cause some trouble for your dog. 

Your dog will be blind to the aggressive and intimidating signs displayed by other dogs, which can be concerning because it may provoke unwanted fights.. Always keep your dog safe from other pets, and if you see another dog approaching, create a diversion or change paths.

Special toys and activities

Who said that blind dogs can’t play? There’s always a way out, there are all sorts of toys available for your dog to exercise and play with you. 

There are scented toys and balls with whistling and barking sounds that can help your dog navigate and find its own toys while playing. 

These toys also have scents like lavender and chamomile that can help calm and destress the dogs. It can help your visually impaired dog perform the same activities they did before losing their vision. 

Hiding treats and making them find it is also a good activity that can make your dog’s routine life more interesting and happening.

Experiment with clicker training and shaping as well.

Be patient

While caring for a blind dog will require more time and effort, it will be well worth it in the end.

Your dog’s clumsiness may confuse you at times, but remember that  they are doing  their best. 

Most dogs adjust to their new normal quickly and thrive in a familiar environment. Patience and love go a long way toward making sure they live happily and fulfilled lives, and these special pups are well worth the effort.

Scent and hearing, even when only considering the physical senses, play a larger role in how your pet dog perceives the world. Helping and motivating your dog to use his senses of hearing and smell will allow him to live a normal life.

About the Author: Pet expert Jackie Brown has spent 12 years following her passion for animals as a writer and editor in the pet industry. Her expertise includes dog and cat health, care, nutrition, feeding, grooming, behavior, and training.

Caring for a Blind Dog

Speaking from experience, to first hear that your best friend will soon be totally blind is a bit of a jolt and causes an immense feeling of sadness.  A million questions come to mind.  Will her personality change?  Will she still enjoy her life?  Will she still be happy?

Now that I reflect back on my first conversation with the vet, I find that my concern was almost certainly unnecessary and even more interesting is the realisation that both the vet and I were actually well behind the eight ball on this news.  Lucy, my golden cocker spaniel, had been coping with her loss of sight and still enjoying her life for months without me even knowing it.  There was really no need for me to worry.

Vision loss may be caused from severe corneal disease, cataracts, retinal disorders, glaucoma, nerve damage or injury and is not always related to issues associated with age.

Acute (sudden) blindness may be difficult to pinpoint because dogs are blessed with exceptional hearing and smell which are, to a great extent, able to compensate for loss of vision.  Dogs that lose their vision slowly will memorize their surroundings and it’s often only once their environment changes and they start to bump into things that their owner realises that something is wrong.

Dogs that are losing their sight or are totally blind will occasionally appear clumsy and trip over objects. They may sleep more and perhaps not play the same games as they did.  They may even appear inattentive, no longer following you everywhere.  They may look a little fearful or become easily startled or, as for Lucy, occasionally get themselves lost if they lose their bearings around the home.

Lucy has always been my shadow.   She came to work with me for many years and where I went, she would follow.  And, I have to admit, that if she wasn’t right behind me I would soon go looking for her to make her tag along. For me, life is never as good without my shadow.

So, when the vet told me a few years ago that she had problems with her retina and was already partially blind and would soon be totally blind, I was stunned and saddened.  She was so important to me and the thought of her not being happy and not enjoying her life was heart breaking.  I was, for the first time in my life, lost for words.

At the time, the vet explained that blindness in dogs is not uncommon and that most that are affected by blindness continue to lead contented and enjoyable lives because their other senses simply take over.  They will settle into new routines and in most cases, any difference in them is not even obvious.  Of course, I didn’t believe him!

As soon as I got home, I got on to the internet to find out everything that I could about how to help my little girl. There were some terrific tips which I tried and some worked and some didn’t but now, three years later, I realise that I shouldn’t have worried so much.  Lucy had everything under control and she, in fact, taught me how to get on with life as if nothing had happened.  I had to admit it but I was the old dog that learnt new tricks.

Routines are important for all dogs but for blind dogs, they are essential.

Routines allow dogs to feel confident that although their eyesight is gone, nothing has really changed. Many dog owners aren’t fully aware of all of the routines and habits that are in place, but for me, these became very apparent and very useful.

Keeping a blind dog’s food and water bowls in the same spot and feeding them at the same time as always is essential to their peace of mind.  We keep extra water bowls throughout our home and garden just in case Lucy gets lost around the house while we were out or at night time.  And when I feed Lucy, I talk (and often sing really badly) to her as I carry her bowl to where she is fed. This gets her excited about her dinner and she knows where to head to before I even get there.  Even the cat follows along now which is fun to see.

A “safe spot” gives a blind dog a place to relax and feel safe knowing that they won’t be in the way or tripped over whilst still being close to the family.

When I watch Lucy, she seems to have a few “safe spots”.  It reminds me of when we played Tag as kids and always had a pole or tree that was “baleeze” – the spot where no one could tag us.  Lucy’s bed is her favourite safe spot. I move the bed in to the same spot in the lounge room in the morning and next to my bed in the evening and she always follows, carrying her fluffy toy which she places on to her bed to keep safe.  She obviously knows that no one trips over her when she is on her safe spot but she is still close enough to us to be part of the family.

I have always had a routine with Lucy where I would “hide” a trail of treats around the house when I was leaving. I always thought it turned a negative time for her in to a fun time plus kept her busy for a few minutes while I got out the gate. This routine has become even more useful now that she can’t actually see me leave the house and this is my signal that I am leaving but will be back soon. I imagine that it could cause a dog to fret if they suddenly found themselves in the dark and alone, not knowing whether their owner is coming back.   Signals like this help to settle any fears they might have.  The only change that I have made to my routine with Lucy is that I have switched to treats that are a bit smellier so that she can find them more easily.

Dogs have an incredible sense of smell which is said to be a thousand times more sensitive than humans.  This must be how Lucy manages to find and then steal my husband’s socks or locate bones that she buried a month ago even though she can’t see them.  And in many ways, this is how Lucy finds her way around our home.  Every morning she goes for a wander in the garden sniffing every tree and making sure her bones are still safe where she left them.   She has obviously memorized the garden and the smells of the paths, parked cars and garden beds. To watch her, you would never guess that she is now totally blind.

As we move through a house all of us leave trails of our scent which is how blind dogs manage to find us a few minutes later.  But, they also identify other scents throughout a house that we aren’t even aware of. This can be useful to remember if introducing a new piece of furniture or moving in to a new house with a blind dog.  Self-adhesive foam pads that are available at hardware stores and often used on the bottom of furniture are a terrific way of marking glass doors, corners of hard furniture or steps. Spray them lightly with your favourite perfume (or rub them on your husband’s socks) and place them at “nose” height in the danger spots then walk your dog around the house so that she becomes aware of the perfume and learns to associate it with a piece of furniture or door.

For me, the hardest things about having a blind dog are the occasions when she bangs her head and pulls back in shock.   My heart does a little somersault as I always try to rub the pain away. I feel especially bad if it is caused by me leaving a cupboard door or low level drawer open but I have trained myself to be more careful and have established “safe spots” for Lucy where she can still be around me without ending up with a massive headache.

All dogs love to get out for a walk and just because a dog loses its’ sense of sight doesn’t reduce its’ enthusiasm for a trip to the park. Now, I have to admit that I don’t let Lucy off the lead for a free run and we certainly don’t play fetch any more but I have invested in an extendable lead which gives her a bit of freedom to sniff every single tree in the park whilst feeling safe knowing that I am going to keep her from stumbling over branches and kerbing.  It is quite interesting to watch her lift her feet more than she normally would as she walks on rough ground. She still walks on footpaths in exactly the same way as she did before and I have learnt to pull her up before kerbs or any trip hazards. One of the advantages of her blindness is that she is now oblivious to any other dogs in her vicinity so is easier to control.

We even take Lucy camping with us and she copes very well even though she is in completely unknown environments.  The key is to always have her bed available as her “safe spot” with her water bowl next to it and never let her out without her lead attached.  Of course, we might not play in the same way as before but we still wrestle and she does get excited when we play tug of war with her stuffed toy.  And of course, she doesn’t need her sight to know that we are having a barbecue and that there is a sausage close by!  She is still as playful and fun as she ever was.

Without realizing it, Lucy and I have developed little tricks so that we still interact in much the same way as before.

When giving Lucy a treat I gently tap her on the nose so that she knows where the treat is and doesn’t have to “bite the air” hoping that she finds it.  I touch her back or her head often so that she knows that I am near and when we walk together she stays so close to me that I can feel her fur against my leg. And I always put her in a “safe spot” when I am in different rooms of the house, tell her when I am leaving a room and talk to her constantly as I move around the home.

I am always amazed when I see Lucy barrel down the steps and path out the front of our house always missing the poles and stopping just inches from the next set of steps.  How does she do it? She can’t possibly be counting her steps like humans might.  She has four legs!  Who could count that fast?  And I am amazed when she looks straight in to my eyes just like she used to with that look of love and adoration. How does she even know where my eyes are?  And yet, even though she can do these things, she still manages to stumble over the cat when he is asleep on the carpet.  Perhaps she does this on purpose just for a bit of fun!

Lucy is still my shadow and in many ways, nothing much has changed.  I have always loved my little girl but I do wonder whether our incredible closeness now is due, in some way, to our reliance on each other.   Speaking from experience, I would certainly say without hesitation that caring for a blind dog is both fulfilling and heartwarming and not one to cause any concerns or trepidation.

Written by:
Kath Bafile
Better Pets and Gardens
Marketing Coordinator

How to care for a blind dog – Hidogs.ru

Home Diseases How to care for a blind dog

Blindness occurs in many animals, including dogs. Some dogs are born blind, while others lose their sight over time. But regardless of how and why a dog became blind, such an animal needs special care, which is different from caring for a sighted animal. Knowing how to care for a dog that can’t see can help prevent many misunderstandings, frustrations, and injuries as owners must learn to cater to the special needs of their special pets.

The most important thing is to monitor the health of the pet and prevent it, especially in the summer when heat stroke in dogs is possible.

Causes of blindness in dogs

Blindness in dogs is congenital and acquired .

Congenital blindness can be due to missing eyes (anophthalmia), small eyes (microphthalmia) and other causes.

Acquired loss of vision can occur due to injury, age or various diseases.

• Cataract. This is a clouding that occurs on the inside of the eye, which is called the lens. Cataracts are common in older animals, but can also develop due to diabetes. In some dogs, this disease is congenital, in some it develops during adolescence.
• Glaucoma. Occurs when intraocular pressure increases. If the pressure remains too high for a long time, it can damage the optic nerve inside the eye and cause blindness.
• Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration Syndrome is a rather rare disease that deteriorates the condition of the retina inside the eye. The disease leads to blindness. Experts do not know why the animal develops this disease.
• Progressive retinal atrophy is a disease in which cones and rods die inside the retina of the eye. Because of this, the dog loses its sight. The disease is hereditary and can have two forms: one of them is manifested in puppies, the second – in older animals.
• Retinal detachment. It may start for various reasons. If the detachment occurs inside the eye, it leads to loss of vision.
• Corneal ulcers. Happens quite often in dogs. If this disease is left untreated, treated incorrectly, or slipshod, it can lead to blindness. Loss of vision can occur due to damage to the cornea or if the eye ruptures due to a deep ulcer.
• Blindness can be caused by various mechanical damage to the eyes.
• Diseases of the nervous system can cause blindness (eg meningitis). That is, the animal may lose sight due to disturbances in the functioning of some parts of the brain.

Training a blind dog

In principle, a blind dog can lead a normal life. But teaching such animals basic commands requires a different approach compared to sighted pets.

It is easier for a dog born blind to adapt and learn to lead a normal life than for an animal that initially saw the world and lost its sight over time.

When working with a blind pet, learning commands and tricks with him, avoid gestures. Instead, use verbal cues, a clicker, and tasty treats. Enter warning words that can prevent unpleasant situations. For example, teach your pets the word “attention”, which will be able to stop the animal before it crashes into an obstacle. And teach your four-legged friend to walk on command “next” – so you will be sure of the safety of his surroundings.

Do not rearrange the furniture at home, do not change the environment familiar to a blind dog. A blind animal remembers the layout of its home and this helps it avoid collision with interior items.

Use bells – hang them on the collars of other pets and on people (on a bracelet, on a belt, on shoes). This will allow the blind pet to understand where other members of the pack are at this time.

Feed a blind animal in the same place. Do not move the water bowl. In this case, the blind pet will know exactly where to go if he wants to drink or eat.

To make it easier for a blind dog to understand where he is in the house, use different textures. Carpeting in one place and tiles in another demarcate space for a special pet and allow you to better navigate the environment.

Think of a sighted friend for your blind dog. Some blind dogs feel much better when they have a sighted dog around them who has become a guide for his special companion.

And remember! If you suspect that your pet is ill, call your veterinarian without delay. For questions related to the health of your dog, always consult with a professional. Your doctor knows your animal’s health history and will be able to give the best recommendations for its well-being.

Source: thesprucepets.com
Author: Adrienne Kruzer, RVT, LVT

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  08/30/2022 Diseases of dogs66

  Blindness occurs in many animals, including dogs. Some puppies are born blind, while others go blind as they grow up. But regardless of when blindness sets in, blind pets require special care that is different from that of sighted dogs.

  Regardless of where your blind dog came from – you picked one or she became blind from eye diseases, care for her will be about the same.

  Knowing how to care for a blind animal can help prevent many problems and injuries, so owners should be aware of the special needs of their blind pet.

  01. Causes of Blindness in Dogs

  While in some dogs blindness is congenital due to missing eyes (anophthalmia), small eyes (microphthalmia) or other developmental problems in the womb, in other pets the loss of vision may be associated with age-related problems or trauma.

  • Cataracts: The inside of the lens of the eye may become cloudy, leading to cataracts. White spots are common in older dogs, but can also develop in younger dogs due to diabetes. Some dogs are born with visual impairment or blurring develops during adolescence
  • Glaucoma: Glaucoma occurs when the normal pressure in the eye increases. If this pressure remains too high for a long period of time, it can damage the optic nerve inside the eye and lead to blindness.
  • Sudden Retinal Degeneration Syndrome (SARDS): This rare condition can cause sudden blindness due to damage to the retina inside the eye. Nobody knows what causes SARDS.
  • Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): Dogs with PRA lose their sight as a result of bilateral retinal degeneration. This is a hereditary disease that has two forms: one form appears in puppies and the other does not appear until the dog is older.
  • Retinal Detachment: This can happen in dogs for a variety of reasons, but if the retina detaches inside the eye, the pet will lose sight.
  • Corneal ulcers: Ulcers are very common in dogs, but if left untreated or do not heal properly, they can cause blindness. Blindness can occur because the cornea is damaged or because the ulcer is so deep that it causes the eye to rupture.
  • Trauma: Proptosis, punctures and other eye injuries can cause blindness.
  • Nervous System Diseases: If a dog has problems in certain areas of the brain, meningitis or other nervous system diseases can develop, which can also lead to blindness.

  02. Blind Dog Training

  In general, blind dogs can lead quite normal lives, but learning basic commands requires different methods than those normally used to train sighted animals. A dog born blind will have an easier time learning and adjusting than a pet that has been sighted, it may take him longer.

  • Avoid Hand Gestures: Instead of gestures, use verbal cues, tasty treats and clicker training to teach tricks and commands to a blind dog. Warn your dog when he is in danger of colliding with something or someone. Hints will help your pet feel safe and give him a sense of confidence in his surroundings.
  • Don’t rearrange furniture: Moving furniture makes it difficult for a blind dog to explore its surroundings. A blind animal often remembers the layout of the house and can avoid collision with furniture if it is not rearranged.
  • Use bells: Putting bells on the collars of other pets, jingling bracelets, loops or laces helps a blind dog know where you and other animals in the house are.
  • Feed in the same place: avoid moving food and water containers so that a blind dog knows exactly where to go if he is hungry or thirsty. If you put these dishes in the same place every day, it will be easier for a blind pet to navigate.
  • Use textures: different surface textures can help a blind dog know where he is in the house. Carpeting or rugs in one room feel different than tiles in another, and this can help a blind animal learn more easily.
  • Get a sighted friend for your blind dog: Some blind pets do well when they have a sighted guide dog. If your blind pet has a friend whom he already knows and trusts, this will help the adaptation of the blind animal. Some friendly dogs may also be willing to welcome a new friend into the home for this purpose.

  How to take care of a blind dog?

  Posted on February 28, 2019 by Alena Gerasimova (Dalles)

  Blindness is a condition that occurs in dogs of all ages. There are many reasons why blindness occurs. Among them are age-related changes. Some dogs are born completely blind, while others develop partial vision loss over time.

  Caring for a blind dog requires patience from dedicated owners, and one must be ready to help the animal.

  Contents:

  How can you tell if a dog is blind?

  In some cases it is obvious that the dog is blind or has poor eyesight. The pet crashes into walls and other objects. It is difficult for the animal to see toys or a bowl of food.

  When the light is on, a dog with poor eyesight changes behavior and moves unsteadily. With complete or partial loss of vision, a four-legged friend usually lowers his muzzle lower to the ground.

  Blind dogs with poor eyesight are often reluctant to jump from heights. Often the pet is vulnerable and shows signs of fear or even aggression to protect itself. The dog refuses active games and offering toys, shuns other dogs.

  In other cases, especially when blindness develops gradually, dogs learn and adapt to the loss of vision. Therefore, blindness in some dogs is not noticeable until vision is reduced to a minimum.

  It is important to take your dog to the veterinarian regularly for regular health checks to detect small changes in the pet’s eyes.

  Causes of blindness in dogs

  Blindness in dogs is associated with many diseases and pathologies.

  There are several diseases that cause blindness in dogs:

  • Cataract. Causes gradual loss of vision as clouding develops in the lens of the eye. Sometimes a veterinary ophthalmologist removes the disease surgically.
  • Glaucoma. Painful increase in pressure in one or both eyes. With glaucoma, treatment is ineffective, and the eye is removed surgically.
  • Sudden retinal degeneration syndrome. Is a rare disease in dogs that causes sudden blindness.
  • Progressive retinal atrophy. A hereditary disease that causes retinal degeneration and gradual loss of vision. Unfortunately, there is no known cure.
  • Retinal detachment. Most commonly occurs as a result of fluid accumulation between the retina and choroid. Sometimes laser therapy and surgical treatment are required, but in some the disease is not treatable.
  • Corneal ulcers . Develop after damage to the upper epithelial layer. Left untreated, the affected eye develops vision loss or blindness.
  • Anophthalmia. A congenital disorder in which dogs are born without eyes.
  • Microphthalmia. A disease in which a dog is born with small, underdeveloped eyes, resulting in impaired or no vision.
  • Brain tumor. Affects the optic nerve and impairs vision.
  • Macular degeneration. Is a common cause of gradual loss of vision in aging dogs.

  Living with a blind dog

  Dogs with gradual visual loss usually adapt to their environment over time, often without much input from the owner.

  Many owners do not even notice that their pets are going blind. Whether your dog is suffering from acute blindness or a gradual loss of vision, steps must be taken to ensure that the adjustment period is as smooth as possible.

  Home Safety

  • Check your home and yard for hazards. Remove all sharp, brittle and dangerous objects that the dog will encounter.
  • Keep food and water bowls in one place to help your dog navigate the rest of the house.
  • Avoid moving furniture or placing new items near aisles.
  • Place rugs of various textures in front of steps, bowls, and other obstacles to alert your dog.
  • Remove heavy vases, flower pots, electrical wiring from the floor.
  • Keep stairs and other danger areas closed.

  Command knowledge

  Take walks in familiar places whenever possible. Stick to straight pavements and trails without rugged terrain.

  Don’t let your dog run too far on walks. Walk on a long leash and use a specific signal to stop or keep moving.

  Walk slowly in unfamiliar places, especially if there are steps up or down. The “wait” command can be very useful if the dog is approaching an obstacle. Also, consider teaching your pet commands like “step forward” and “step down”.

  Such an animal must not be left alone on the street or in an environment unfamiliar to the pet.

  Constant monitoring

  • Do not allow your dog to scratch his eyes, this will cause injury or infection.
  • It is advisable that owners of other animals know that you have a blind dog and show increased attention and caution. Consider teaching your dog the phrase “say hello” so that the pet knows that a person is approaching.
  • Before going out, put on a collar with contact phone numbers on the animal. Some owners prefer to have their dogs wear a harness or collar that says “blind dog”.