Sunshine and stars child care: Sunshine and Stars Child Care LLC

Опубликовано: March 3, 2023 в 6:32 pm

Автор: alexxlab

Категории: Child

Sunshine and Stars Child Care LLC

Sunshine and Stars Child Care LLC – Care.com Reading, PA Child Care Center

Starting at

$22

per day

Ratings

Availability

Starting at

$22

per day

Ratings

Availability

At Care.com, we realize that cost of care is a big consideration for families. That’s why we are offering an estimate which is based on an average of known rates charged by similar businesses in the area. For actual rates, contact the business directly.

Details and information displayed here were provided by this business and may not reflect its current status. We strongly encourage you to perform your own research when selecting a care provider.

Sunshine and Stars Child Care LLC located in Reading PA offers an enriching learning environment for toddlers, preschoolers, and school-age children. It provides developmentally appropriate early childhood program that foster holistic growth among children. The center encourages active learning by providing play-based, child-initiated, and hands-on activities.

In business since: 2005

Total Employees: 2-10

Care.com has not verified this business license.
We strongly encourage you to contact this provider directly or

Pennsylvania’s
licensing
department

to verify their license, qualifications, and credentials.

The Care.com Safety Center
has many resources and tools to assist you in verifying and evaluating
potential care providers.

Monday :	8:00AM – 5:00PM
Tuesday :	8:00AM – 5:00PM
Wednesday :	8:00AM – 5:00PM
Thursday :	8:00AM – 5:00PM
Friday :	8:00AM – 5:00PM
Saturday :	Closed
Sunday :	Closed

Type

Child Care Center/Day Care Center

Preschool (or Nursery School or Pre-K)

Kindergarten

Additional Details

Summer care / camp

Special needs care

Class Type	Rate	Rate Type	Availability ^*
Toddler	$ 35. 8	per day	—
Preschool	$ 32	per day	—
All Ages	$ 22	per day	—

*availability last updated on
06/09/2015

OFFERINGS

Full Time (5 days/wk)

Drop-In

Full-Day

Extended Care (Before School)

Extended Care (After School)

PAYMENT OPTIONS

Personal Check

We appreciate you contributing to Care.com. If you’d like to become a member, it’s fast, easy — and free!

Join now

No thanks, not right now

No thanks, not right now
Join now

Sweet Little Smiles LLC

440 Lancaster Ave
,
Reading,
PA
19611

Mary’s Day Care Center

550 N 3rd St
,
Reading,
PA
19601

Mary’s Day Care Center

550 N 3rd St
,
Reading,
PA
19601

Ymca Reading & Berks Co

631 Washington St�
,
READING,
PA
19601

Norma Dehoyos 2 LLC

810 Oley St
,
Reading,
PA
19604

By clicking “Submit,” I agree to the Care. com Terms of Use and Privacy Policy and allow
Care.com to share this information with all similar local businesses.

Care.com only verifies the license of a business.
Any other information, including awards and accreditation, hours, and cost, were provided by this business and may not reflect its current status.
We strongly encourage you to verify the license, qualifications, and credentials of any care providers on your own. Care.com does not endorse or recommend any particular business.

The Care.com Safety Center has many resources and tools to assist you in verifying and evaluating potential care providers.

{{city}} {{state}}, {{zipCode}}

{{/compare}}
({{totalReviews}})

No
thanks, not right now

Search now

No thanks, not
right now

No thanks, not right
now Search
Now

Child Care / Preschools / Preschools in Reading, PA / Sunshine and Stars Child Care LLC

Join free today

Let’s go

I’d like to…

Find care

Apply to care jobs

Who needs care?

My kids
My parents
My pets
My household

What type of ?

Babysitter
Nanny
Daycare center
Special needs
Tutoring and lessons
Date night
After school
I’m not exactly sure

Pet sitter
Dog walker
Pet day care
Boarding/kenneling
Groomer
Veterinarian

Housekeeper
Cleaning agency
House sitter
Personal assistant

In-home care
Transportation
Errands
Retirement facility
Dementia care
Companion care

When do you need ?

Right now
Within a week
Within a month or two
Just browsing

What services do you offer?

Babysitting and nannying
Special needs care
Tutoring or private lessons
Center-based child care
Senior care
Housekeeping
In-home child care
Pet care
Errands and house sitting

What best describes you?

Individual
Small business

Last, but not least…

Fill in the blanks to create your account.

Thanks—you’re almost there.

Create your login below.

First Name

Last Name

Address

City, State and ZIP

Password

I am a
BabysitterNannyChild Care CenterFamily Child Care (In-Home Daycare)Special Needs ProviderTutorPrivate Lesson InstructorSenior Care ProviderNursePet Care ProviderHousekeeperErrands & Odd Jobs Provider

How did you hear about us?
Facebook or InstagramInfluencerYouTubeStreaming Video Ad (Hulu, Roku)Other Social Media (Twitter, Pinterest, LinkedIn, TikTok)Press Coverage (News, Magazine, Blog)Cable TV AdBillboardParenting Group or ForumSearch Engine (Google, Bing)Commercial NoFriends or FamilyRadio/Audio Ad (iHeart, Pandora, Podcast)Commercial YesBanner AdOther

By clicking “Join now”, you agree to our
Terms of Use and
Privacy Policy.

Password

ZIP Code

By clicking “Join now”, you agree to our
Terms of Use and
Privacy Policy.

First name

Last name

Address

City, State and ZIP

By clicking “Join now”, you agree to our
Terms of Use and
Privacy Policy.

Sunshine And Stars Child Care

Write a Review

About the Provider

Pinnacle Pointe Daycare Academy – U…

Please enable JavaScript

Pinnacle Pointe Daycare Academy – Union City GA Child Care Learning Center

Description: We believe that each child is a unique person with individual talents and needs. Our staff, appreciating these individual differences, creates an environment in which each child is free to play, learn, experiment and grow at his/her own rate. Our teachers roles are to provide nurturing and security, along with a variety of stimulating activities to expose the child to a multitude of ideas and educational experiences. Appropriate attitudes and socially acceptable behavior is encouraged through daily living in a caring atmosphere with skillful teachers, and through the experience of working, playing and living with peers. Field trips and community involvement endeavors are included in our older preschool and school age programs as we believe learning for life continues outside the walls of a classroom.

Program and Licensing Details

License Number:
CER-00100273
Capacity:
20
Enrolled in Subsidized Child Care Program:
Yes
District Office:
CCIS of Berks County
District Office Phone:
(610) 987-2247 (Note: This is not the facility phone number.)

Location Map

Reviews

Be the first to review this childcare provider.
Write a review about Sunshine And Stars Child Care. Let other families know what’s great, or what could be improved.
Please read our brief review guidelines to make your review as helpful as possible.

Email address (will not be published):

Display name:

Which best describes your experience?:

Select from belowI have used this provider for more than 6 monthsI have used this provider for less than 6 monthsI have toured this provider’s facility, but have not used its servicesI am the ownerI am an employeeOther

Rating (1=poor, 5=excellent):

Select your Rating1 star2 star3 star4 star5 star

Review Policy:

ChildcareCenter. us does not actively screen or monitor user reviews, nor do we verify or edit content. Reviews reflect
only the opinion of the writer. We ask that users follow our
review guidelines. If you see a review that does not reflect these guidelines, you can email us. We will assess
the review and decide the appropriate next step. Please note – we will not remove a review simply because it is
negative. Providers are welcome to respond to parental reviews, however we ask that they identify themselves as
the provider.

Write a Review
Advertisement

Nearby Providers

West Lawn Umc Preschool
West Lawn, PA | (610) 678-5611 | 0.2 mile away

Kidz Paradise
Reading, PA | (610) 985-0313 | 0.9 mile away

Wilson School District-whitfield Center
West Lawn, PA | (610) 670-0180 | 0.9 mile away

St Albans Learning Center
Reading, PA | (610) 678-7006 | 0.9 mile away

Chb Sports
Reading, PA | (610) 777-9651 | 1 mile away

Y Care Wyomissing Hills Elementary Center
Reading, PA | (610) 378-4700 | 1 mile away

Kindercare Learning Center
Reading, PA | (610) 796-1060 | 1 mile away

Wilson School District Cornwall Terrace Center
Sinking Spring, PA | (610) 670-0180 | 1. 2 miles away

Kaiulani Child Care
Reading, PA | (484) 525-7006 | 1.3 miles away

Vallone Child Care Center
Reading, PA | (610) 670-9273 | 1.4 miles away

Wilson School District Child Care Spring Ridge
Reading, PA | (610) 670-0180 | 1.5 miles away

Wilson School District Child Care-berkshire Height
Wyomissing, PA | (610) 670-0180 | 1.5 miles away

Learning Ladder Academy Llc
Reading, PA | (610) 320-9995 | 1.5 miles away

The Goddard School At Spring Ridge
Reading, PA | (610) 478-8757 | 1.6 miles away

Forever Kids At Heart Llc
Reading, PA | (484) 869-5157 | 1.7 miles away

Sunshine Cottage
Reading, PA | (610) 670-1044 | 2 miles away

Apis Child Care Llc
Reading, PA | (610) 750-6959 | 2 miles away

Kindercare Learning Center 3023
Reading, PA | (610) 376-6152 | 2.1 miles away

Child Development Center
West Reading, PA | (484) 628-5141 | 2.4 miles away

Little Haven Child Care
Reading, PA | (610) 378-1762 | 2.5 miles away

A completely ordinary star – the Sun

Lecture given by Dmitry Vibe at the VI Science Festival 2011 in Moscow

Today we will talk about our daylight, the Sun, around which the planets of the solar system revolve. If you have ever come across astronomy textbooks, then you could read in them that the Sun is a completely ordinary, unremarkable star, the majority of which are in the Universe. Today I will try to talk about how true this is. nine0005

First, a small lyrical digression related to the fact that both the Sun and other space objects quite often penetrate the mass scientific news. They like to write about them in newspapers, often talk on the radio, shoot something tricky on television. And this information that you get from somewhere in the media or from pages on the Internet is at best distorted, at worst completely invented. The catch is that when you read scientific news, you think that some specialist wrote it, that everything is checked and rechecked there. Actually it is not. In most mass media, absolutely no one checks the content of scientific news, no one ever bears any responsibility for their truthfulness or falsity, and for the reason that a journalist will not need to be responsible for his words, he refers to scientists, experts any person who agreed to talk with him, who agreed to voice the nonsense that the journalist wants to write in his note. nine0005

Here is an example. Whom does the TVC channel (not some mystical, but federal channel) use as experts on astronomical problems? President of the Russian Society for the Study of the Problems of Atlantis. Of course, the astrologer, Alexander Zaraev, the science fiction writer Sitchin, there are two comrades in the right row – the journalists even found it difficult to identify who they were, they simply called them: an expert and a researcher. What field is the researcher in? What expert? There are other experts who don’t know where they came from, who don’t know what kind of education they have. Our television often attracts them to explain some astronomical problems, mysteries, and they, of course, do not linger to say something that will attract viewers, but at the same time has nothing to do with reality. It is difficult for the average viewer, who is not versed in all these problems, to understand why he should listen, for example, to me and should not listen to everyone else. nine0005

Against this background, all kinds of ufology, astrology seem to be normal sciences, in stores on the same shelves there are books with astrology, physics, geology, and, of course, to a person who is not experienced in these matters, it seems that in all these cases he deals with normal books and experts.

Unfortunately, a lot of news is not only distorted, it also very often has a panic mood. Here are some examples for the last year: the giant asteroid Cleopatra (they write, by the way, Arguments and Facts) flew off its orbit, turned towards the Earth and flies towards it in order to completely destroy it. You must have heard that 19March was a somewhat special full moon: the Moon came a little closer to the Earth than usual. This is not enough for journalists, so they wrote that a terrible catastrophe threatens the Earth in this regard. Did you notice anything catastrophic on March 19?

The bad thing is that they are not only writing this nonsense. They necessarily refer to scientists. “According to some scientists, the full moon will lead to disaster.” The fact that Cleopatra turned off her trajectory was not announced by anyone, but by a Brazilian astronomer. Some obscure Indian astronomers threaten to explode a star close to us, which will also destroy all life on Earth. We are threatened by a kind of solar Carrington effect, Polish and American scientists have warned. What it is, no one knows, but everyone agrees that it is a deadly phenomenon. The trouble is that 2012 is approaching, which for some reason blows the roof off very, very many people, especially journalists, and there is every reason to believe that as December 2012 approaches, the flow of panic news in the media will increase. nine0005

The Sun occupies a rather prominent place in this stream. For some reason, rumors are now circulating that 2012 threatens us with some unimaginable solar flares that, at best, will turn life on Earth into chaos, at worst, destroy all life on Earth. The most ridiculous threat from the Sun, which the media recalls from time to time, is information about the explosion of the Sun in 6 years. She turned out to be quite resilient. The first message I have is from 2002, then several years of silence, in 2005 it appeared again, the last message from 2010. It is clear that six years have already passed since 2002, that is, the Sun should have already exploded, but this does not stop anyone, does not bother anyone, and I dare to predict that another year or two will pass, and we will again be frightened by the explosion of the Sun in 6 years. nine0005

This could all be regarded as a funny anecdote, if at least some, and perhaps even very many people did not take it all seriously. Here a person writes about the mentioned explosion of the Sun after 6 years: “I read about the solar explosion on the Vesti website. And I believed it – official news can’t lie like that. ” It can’t be like that! And only by chance did a person stumble upon the correct information and calm down. I think that there are quite a lot of such panicking people who take all these fears seriously and do not suspect that there is absolutely no reality behind them, but just the violent fantasy of the journalist who wrote this case. I will try today to dispel these fears about the Sun. nine0005

It is understandable why the Sun attracts so much attention. It is the most visible object in our world, a source of light, a source of heat. It also has a utilitarian application – the Sun is the basis of our calendar, since the Stone Age we have been counting time, being equal to the Sun, in the form of days and years. This photo was taken in the terrible summer of last 2010, when we were enveloped in smoke, nothing could be seen through this smoke, but the Sun nevertheless shone through. Not even the smoke could cover it. nine0005

On the one hand, the brightness of the Sun, on the other hand, its everyday life, led to the fact that, on the one hand, it was deified in one way or another in almost all mythologies, and occupied some leading places, on the other hand, it is a special god, he does not appear to earthlings from time to time, but looms before us all the time. Moreover, with a regularity that allows you to follow this god and calculate his trajectory. Therefore, for a very long time, many millennia ago, people considered the Sun not only as a god, not only as an object for worship, but also as an object for research. nine0005

At first, for some reason, such a bright object did not occupy a central place in the solar system, but, starting with Copernicus, from 1543, the idea that the Sun is the most important body in the solar system, and it should occupy it has a central place. And all other planets must revolve around it. But at the same time, the question was: how common or unusual is the Sun, since it was believed that the Sun exists in a single copy, and other stars are just some bright points in the sky, which are not clear why they are needed and are not subject to research. nine0005

The turning point came in the 16th century. He was associated, in particular, with the famous Danish scientist Tycho Brahe, who, having seen the explosion of a supernova in 1572, realized that some changes could occur in the sky, and not only the Sun and the planets, but the starry world could also be object for research.

The French philosopher Rene Descartes was one of the first to suggest that the Sun and stars are related objects. True, he was a philosopher, he could not really formulate his thought, but he had such an idea: the Sun is surrounded by the sky, but in the same way every star is surrounded by the sky, and in this sense all the stars are similar to each other. nine0005

Another well-known scientist, William Herschel, was the first to map the distribution of stars around the Sun, already based on the assumption that the Sun and stars are related objects. At the same time, the first assumptions were made about what the Sun is like. Then observations of sunspots were carried out: in this modern photograph of a sunspot, you can see it consists of a dark central part and a lighter penumbra surrounding it. For example, Herschel assumed that the inside of the Sun is cold, and sunspots are holes in its hot atmosphere through which we look at the cold dark core. nine0005

But the real study of the Sun and stars began in the 19th century, when many very interesting features of the Sun were noticed, which now play a key role in understanding its nature. At the same time, scientific evidence was obtained that the Sun and stars are related objects, so it makes sense to talk about their comparison. But along the way it turned out that the stars themselves are very, very different. Therefore, if we say that the Sun is the same star as all the others, then we have the right to ask the next question: what is the same? nine0005

Here is what we know about the Sun today. Mass is 2 times 10 to the 33rd power of a gram, that is, it is 2 with 33 zeros. On the scale of the solar system, the Sun is a rather heavy object. Its luminosity is also high – 4 with 26 zeros, if expressed in watts. The radius is 700 thousand kilometers, it consists mainly of hydrogen, a little more helium and quite a few other elements of the Periodic Table of Mendeleev. The sun rotates in the same direction as all the planets, approximately in the same plane, and makes a complete revolution in about a month. nine0005

At the end of the 19th century, people were already thinking about what kind of energy feeds the Sun, due to which the Sun shines, due to which it provides us with heat. Shown here are portraits of people who have made important contributions to the study of this problem.

Until the 1930s, it was believed that the source of the Sun’s energy was gravitational contraction. The substance falls on the Sun, when it falls, it heats up, heats up, and this red-hot substance is the source of solar energy. Hermann Helmholtz and other scientists have roughly estimated how long the Sun can live using this energy source. It turned out that if the Sun shines due to the energy of compression, then its age should be approximately 20 million years. However, by the 20-30s of the twentieth century, geologists categorically ceased to agree with this estimate of the age of the Sun. And before that, it was clear that the age of the Earth is quite large, but by the age of 30 it was found that it exceeds 4.5 billion years. It was hard to imagine that the small planet Earth, which lives 4.5 billion years, revolves around a giant star that lived only 10-20 million years. nine0005

At this time, the famous English astrophysicist Arthur Eddington suggested that thermonuclear reactions are the source of the Sun’s energy. Gravity provided only the initial heating of the Sun. Then, when the Sun warmed up to a temperature of tens of millions of degrees, thermonuclear reactions ignited there, and then they are the source of solar energy. It is thermonuclear reactions that can ensure the life of the Sun for about 10 billion years. Our Sun has already used five billion years from its life span, and about the same amount is left for it. nine0005

Shown here is the reaction that releases energy from the Sun. It consists of several steps, but the result is that hydrogen turns into helium. Initially, the Sun mainly consisted of hydrogen, but gradually a helium core grows in its center. Interestingly, we are now quite good at exploring not only the outer layers of the Sun, but also its inner region, thanks to the use of seismological methods. Until now, seismology has been used only to study the internal structure of the Earth, but now it is also actively used to study the interior of the Sun and other stars. And the data that helioseismology (solar seismology) brings us about the internal structure of the Sun are in very good agreement with the idea that thermonuclear reactions provide its glow. nine0005

How similar is the mass of the Sun to other stars? First of all, about what masses stars are in general. The smallest stars have a mass of about 0.1 that of the sun, that is, they are 10 times less massive than the Sun. If the future star is smaller than this mass, it simply does not heat up to the required temperature, and thermonuclear reactions in it do not ignite.

Is there a maximum mass of stars? Now it is believed that stars that are 150 times more massive than the Sun cannot exist. But this question is not yet closed, perhaps in the Universe there may be more powerful luminaries with a mass exceeding the mass of the Sun by a thousand times, but we still do not have any reliable information about this. nine0005

Stars of different masses are present in the Universe in different quantities. The smaller the mass of the star, the more such stars. Naturally, since there are stars that are much less massive than the Sun, there are many more such low-mass luminaries in the general list of stars. If we take one star, for example, with a mass of about a hundred solar masses, then it turns out that for each such star there are about 700 stars similar to the Sun, and about 9 thousand stars that are inferior to the Sun in mass. To see this, you can look at the stars that surround the Sun. We now know 65 stars within about 15 light-years of the Sun, and of these 65, 50 stars have a mass less than that of the Sun. That is, we are surrounded mainly by very dim, very small, very cold luminaries, unlike the Sun. nine0005

Here is an even more detailed table. Here, a larger volume of space, with a radius of 30 light years, is already presented, and here it is also clear that most of the stars here are significantly less massive than the Sun, they are marked with the letter M. Of the 366 objects that we know near the Sun, 246 are just such little dim lights.

In other words, in terms of mass, the Sun is not a typical star. We live near a star that is generally quite bright compared to other stars, more massive than most other stars, and hotter than most other stars. So in this respect, not so much the Sun and a typical star. And if we want to find a star in the stellar world that looks like the Sun, then we will not find it in our immediate vicinity, we need to look further. nine0005

Why should we look for such stars? For reasons of space security. We know that solar activity can be dangerous on Earth. We know that it can cause some damage, but our ability to observe the Sun is rather limited. We have been following the Sun for only 400 years and cannot be sure that cataclysms do not occur on the Sun at some longer times. But we can solve this problem if we keep an eye on other stars that are similar to the Sun. In this case, we must first decide which stars we will consider solar twins. nine0005

It is clear that we need to look for stars with approximately the same mass. But you can think about some other parameters, not only about mass, think about the chemical composition, about age, and about others.

The chemical composition of the Sun turns out to be quite typical for the Universe. It is nothing special in this sense. The composition that I have listed – a lot of hydrogen, a little less helium and little of everything else – is typical for our Galaxy, and for other galaxies.

The position that the Sun occupies in our Galaxy is also nothing unusual. We live in the Milky Way galaxy. This is a gigantic system that includes hundreds of billions of stars. It is very flat: in terms of thickness and diameter, it is approximately similar to a CD, and maybe even thinner. In this system, among many other stars, our Sun lives, and does not occupy any special position in this system. nine0005

An interesting feature of the Sun is that it is a single star. If we look around us, we will see that quite a few stars are part of stellar pairs, stellar triples, and sometimes even systems of higher multiplicity. In this respect, the Sun is somewhat unusual. The sun has no satellite. The sun is a single star. And according to various estimates, there are a different number of such stars in the Galaxy, but about half. That is, say, with a probability of 12, we could also be near a double star, but nevertheless we ended up near a single star. nine0005

In terms of rotation and magnetic field, our Sun is also nothing special. This picture shows stars with different magnetic fields in different sizes. These are stars with a very strong magnetic field, and here is the Sun. The sun is small here, its magnetic field is weak. And this is good for us too, because it is the magnetic field that is the source of solar activity. By observing other Sun-like stars of different ages, we know that the activity of the Sun will weaken over time. nine0005

But this is, so to speak, a general trend, and if we talk about more momentary problems, then the situation here is less certain. We now know that solar activity is associated with the appearance of sunspots, that solar flares occur around sunspots, which can be potentially dangerous for us, and we know that sunspots appear on the Sun with periods of 11 years. This is a cycle of solar activity that has been traced since the 17th century, from the moment when telescope observations of the Sun began. nine0005

Once every 11 years, the activity of the Sun rises, then falls, then rises again, then falls again. You can also see a longer periodicity, with a period of about 100 years, and we are now in the descending section of this long-term periodicity of the Sun’s activity. Unfortunately, at longer times we do not know how the Sun behaved, since there were no observations of sunspots until the middle of the 17th century,

Therefore, we have to judge solar activity by indirect indicators, in particular, by the content of radioactive elements in the ice, in trees, in old trunks. And here there is such an interesting feature, which is called the Maunder minimum. One can imagine the whim of nature. In 1609In the year Galileo invented the telescope, at the beginning of the 17th century observations of sunspots through a telescope began, and shortly after that the spots from the Sun disappeared. And there were none for almost 50 years. More precisely, they appeared very, very rarely and began to appear again only in the 18th century. This dip in the number of sunspots is called the Maunder minimum. Directly before it, somewhere in the 15th and 16th centuries, there was another dip in solar activity, the Spörer minimum. It is interesting that it was during this long dip in solar activity that the so-called Little Ice Age fell – a time when Europe had very cold winters, when rivers in Europe froze, the Thames froze, where ice fairs were held, which do not happen now. And this little ice age coincided with the decline in solar activity. This seems to indicate that there is some connection between the climate and solar activity, but it has not yet been possible to unambiguously understand its causes. nine0005

And finally, the worst thing that can threaten us is strong solar flares. Here, too, there is an interesting whim of history. The first observed solar flare was the strongest in the history of these observations. This is the so-called Carrington phenomenon, which occurred on September 1-2, 1859. Carrington was an amateur astronomer, he observed sunspots, observed the surface of the Sun near sunspots, and during one of his observations on September 1, 1859, near the sunspots that he drew here, he found two very bright points. He ran to find someone and show this wonderful phenomenon, but when he returned a minute later, there was nothing. But after a few hours, the magnetic observatories went berserk. Here below is a graph of the Earth’s magnetic field. On September 1, it quietly develops, then September 2 approaches, and the chart goes up. The equipment was not enough to record the power of this magnetic storm. Therefore, we still do not know what the power of this Carrington flare was. But that was not all. All over the United States, telegraph machines went berserk. They began to work without the participation of operators, began to beat off some signals, a telegraph tape lit up in them, frightened operators disconnected the devices from the battery – nothing changed after that, that is, there was such a perfect poltergeist throughout the telegraph. And it is also interesting that auroras have been observed up to the Caribbean Sea. That is, they stretched almost to the equator. We have not seen anything like the Carrington outbreaks since then, although a century and a half has passed. nine0005

But there were still other strong outbreaks. The most famous outbreak on March 9, 1989, which knocked out electricity in Canada – there millions of people were left without electricity. Burnt transformer windings are visible here. There was a very strong outbreak in 2003, but it only cut off electricity in Sweden for an hour. In 2011, there were also several strong outbreaks, there was an outbreak on August 9, just the other day there were also strong outbreaks, but, fortunately, they did not lead to any unpleasant consequences: now we know that this is possible, and we are preparing. Now we have a very powerful service of the Sun, space observatories that observe not only the surface of the Sun as seen from the Earth. There are two wonderful American devices Stereo-A and Stereo-B, which follow the Sun from the sides. Thanks to these devices, for the first time, we have the opportunity to simultaneously observe the entire solar surface, and not just the part that is visible from Earth. nine0005

Can we guarantee that Carrington’s outbreak will not happen again? Do we have a guarantee that more powerful flares will not occur on the Sun? In this regard, in 2000 alarming information was received. A group of scientists analyzed other stars similar to the Sun, analyzed the observations of these stars and found that some of them occasionally experience flares that are millions of times more energetic than the sun. And, since these stars are similar to the Sun, there was a fear that the Sun could also prepare something similar for us. But then it turned out that these fears were in vain. All these stars turned out to be similar to the Sun as a star, but they have planetary systems that are very different from the planetary system of the Sun. All of these stars have planets like Jupiter that are in very close orbits around these stars. Most likely, it is they who drive the magnetic field of stars crazy and lead to such megaflares. Our Jupiter is far from the Sun, so we can hope that nothing particularly terrible threatens us. nine0005

While I’m talking about the planets, I can say more about how typical the planetary system around the Sun is. Here the question is still open. Most of the planetary systems that we know today are not similar to the solar system.

The following summary can be made. If you look at the Galaxy as a whole, then the Sun is not an ordinary star. A typical star in the Galaxy is a dim, cold, small red dwarf. The Sun is a hotter, more massive star, but among other similar stars in the same approximately mass range, it does not stand out in any way. She is a completely ordinary star of spectral class G (yellow dwarf). But as the center of a planetary system with certain properties, the Sun may still end up being an atypical star, but this is not so much related to solar activity, solar properties, but to our chances of finding brothers in mind. nine0005

Vibe Dmitry Zigfridovich, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences,
Head. Department of Physics and Evolution of Stars, Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences

Scientists confirmed the discovery of a planet near the nearest star

The closest star to us has an Earth-like planet in the habitable zone. The earlier rumor turned out to be true, Gazeta.Ru looked into the details of the discovery.

The rumor about the discovery of a potentially habitable exoplanet near the nearest star to us turned out to be not only a sensation, but also true. Scientists led by Guillem Anglade-Escude of Queen Mary University of London have indeed discovered a solid planet near Proxima Centauri, the closest star from the Sun, located “only” four light years from us. nine0005

As is often the case in recent years, information about such an important scientific discovery could not be kept secret, and the leak occurred before the official publication of the results: a week ago, citing unnamed sources, reported this German magazine Der Spiegel. A similar situation was with the discovery of gravitational waves in the LIGO experiment, when information about this first appeared in blogs, and with the discovery of superluminal neutrinos by Italian scientists, which ultimately did not take place due to errors discovered. nine0005

This time, the discovery really took place, and article in the journal Nature confirmed this, and a special press conference of scientists was convened simultaneously with the release of which. Formally, this is just one more of about three thousand exoplanets reliably discovered by scientists in recent years. Moreover, according to modern estimates of scientists, hundreds of billions of exoplanets can exist in our Milky Way galaxy (which is also consistent with the predictions of Iosif Shklovsky), of which tens of billions are potentially habitable. nine0090 However, all exoplanets discovered in recent years have been found around relatively distant stars, the distances to which are measured in tens and hundreds of light years.

Therefore, the question is so important: does the closest star to us, Proxima Centauri, have a planetary system?

Spinning black holes and merging neutron stars

Review of the most interesting astronomical works in July 2016

08/07/2016, 11:04

“Our ancestors were simply lucky many times”

About the origin of life on Earth, extraterrestrial intelligence and pseudoscience

28.07.2016, 08:35

“For forms of life close to Earth, Mars is most suitable”

What places in the solar system are most suitable for life

07/01/2016, 19:28

This low-mass star with a mass of only 12% of the mass of the Sun belongs to the M-type red dwarfs. By the way, it is in such stars that astronomers are trying to find small potentially habitable planets. This is because the most reliable method for discovering them, Doppler spectroscopy, works best on light stars. It consists in fixing the smallest fluctuations of stars in time with the rotation of the planets around them. Sensitive spectrometers installed on the best telescopes in the world make it possible to notice such fluctuations. The best of these instruments today are able to detect the cyclic motions of stars at the speed of a human step – a few meters per second. This, in fact, limits the mass of discovered planets from below – the lighter ones cause the movements of stars that are not recorded by spectrometers. nine0005

For example, the Earth makes the Sun move back and forth at a speed of only 0.09 m/s and could not be detected by modern spectrometers.

In addition, red dwarfs are colder than the Sun, which means that the habitable zone of these stars is about 10 times closer than that of the Sun. For the first time, a weak signal indicating the presence of a light planet near Proxima Centauri was received by the Anglada-Eskudé team in 2000-2008, but could not confirm these observations. And only now, with the help of the modern HARPS spectrometer installed on one of the telescopes of the Chilean La Silla observatory, they confidently proved that

100%

the planet exists and its period of revolution is 11 Earth days.

Moreover, by the magnitude of the gravitational effect on the star, it was possible to determine that the planet is solid, only 1.3 times more massive than the Earth. And its orbit is 7 million km – only 5% of the distance from the earth to the Sun.

The confidence of scientists is based on the fact that the signal about the presence of the planet was obtained on the basis of the analysis of two unrelated data sets obtained at different times with a difference of ten years. Could this planet be habitable? Maybe, although its presence in the zone of possible habitability does not oblige to this, but only allows it. The problem is that M-dwarfs are more active than the Sun, and in the X-ray range they “shine” 400 times stronger than our star. Therefore, it is highly likely that the energy of its flashes is easily

could de-atmosphere the planet or kill the most primitive forms of life, if such were ever born.

Nine planets for life

The Kepler telescope confirmed the existence of 1284 exoplanets

05/11/2016, 11:12

Two “moons” and one “sun”

Astronomers have discovered an exoplanet orbiting in a triple system of stars

04/05/2016, 08:29

Is there life on Tubby

The past of the star KIC 8462852 has been the subject of heated debate0005

27.02.2016, 18:47

“Once we established that the trembling of a star was not due to spots on it, we realized that there must be a planet in a zone where there could be liquid water, which turned out to be exciting. If further research confirms that the atmosphere of the planet can support life, this will be the most important discovery we have ever made, ”said John Barnes, co-author of the discovery.

The piquancy of the discovery is added by the fact that it is to Alpha Centauri, which is part of the same system with Proxima Centauri star, that it is planned to send a spacecraft at a speed of 160 million km / h as part of the project 9 that made a lot of noise0100 Breakthrough Starshot . Russian businessman Yuri Milner and renowned physicist Stephen Hawking announced the launch of this project on April 12 in New York. It is assumed that such a nanosatellite, “driven” by a laser from the Earth, will be able to fly to Alpha Centauri at a speed of 20% of the speed of light and reach the star “within one generation”, in 20–30 years.

Expert opinion

The discovery of exoplanets is an important philosophical turn in the understanding of our universe. Unlike previously found planets, this planet is close to Proxima Centauri and similar in size to the Earth – the astronomical community may assume the presence of life on it.