Weekly part time hours: How Many Hours Is Part-Time? – Zippia

How Many Hours Is Part-Time? – Zippia

• Definitions of a Part-Time Job
• Different Types of Part-Time Jobs
• Working Part-Time Hours: The Good and The Bad
• Best Part-Time Jobs
• Do You Get Benefits When Working Part-Time Hours?
• Part-Time vs. Full-Time Discrepancy
• Part-Time Jobs FAQ
• Sign Up For More Advice and Jobs

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Many people work part-time jobs as a way to earn money while still having time to tend to their other responsibilities, but it can be difficult to know just how many hours a week a part-time job requires.

In this article, we’ll discuss what a part-time job is, why someone might work a part-time job, and some of the best part-time jobs to get. We’ll also talk about how benefits work with part-time jobs.

Key Takeaways:

• There are no federal guidelines defining part-time or full-time employees

• The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) defines a part-time employee as one who works between 1-34 hours per week, and a full-time employee as one who works 35+ hours per week

• Tax laws state that any employee of a company of 50+ employees who works less than 30 hours a week (on average) is considered part-time

• There are 24. 29 million part-time workers in the US, according to BLS data from June 2021

• That’s a 4.8% drop in part-time workers from June 2020, but the amount of people now working part-time jobs for non-economic reasons is up 20%

Definitions of a Part-Time Job

While there’s no clear-cut definition of a part-time job, various agencies all hint at an answer:

• The Bureau of Labor Statistics considers a worker to have part-time hours when their weekly work hours amount to fewer than 35. But to the dismay of many, there is no simple, cut-and-dry definition for part-time work.

  This is typically the standard that is followed in the United States. However, there are some discrepancies as it is not legally binding.

• The Fair Labor Standards Act lays out various guidelines that govern federal minimum wage, overtime pay requirements, and child labor laws, but the lack of guidance on what constitutes part-time work leaves many questions unanswered. According to this statute, employers are responsible for determining part-time employment policies.

• The IRS. Another source we can look to for clarity is the IRS guidelines on the difference between full-time and part-time employees. This guideline states that part-time employees average fewer than 30 hours per week in a month. However, this only applies to employers with 50 or more full-time employees (i.e., employers subject to the Affordable Care Act).

If you’re in the process of job-hunting for part-time positions, your best bet is to read the job description closely and make sure you understand the details. It may give you an expected range of hours for the position or outline the distinction between full-time and part-time workers and their benefits and compensation.

You can also try researching the company or organization you’re applying to and determine whether they have at least 50 full-time employees. If so, they are subject to the Affordable Care Act guidelines of part-time work equaling less than 30 hours on average per week.

Different Types of Part-Time Jobs

Part-time jobs can take on a lot of different forms. You can expect to work shorter workdays or fewer days than full-time employees. Because you are working fewer hours than a full-time worker, your schedule may take on different forms.

Here are some types of part-time jobs you might see:

• Fixed part-time schedule. This is any regular, unchanging schedule with part-time hours. You’ll work in the same timeframe each day or each day of the week. There are never any questions about your schedule as it is always the same.

• Unpredictable schedule. On the flip side, an unpredictable schedule is a schedule that is constantly changing. Your schedule may be revised every day or every week, depending on the needs of your employer. This can get a little hectic for some people but works well for others.

• No schedule. These jobs have no set schedule and are instead based on completing tasks. However, it would take you long hours to complete your daily tasks, and your pay is often based on tasks completed rather than hours worked.

• Job share schedule. In job-sharing positions, two employees will work part-time shifts equivalent to one full-time employee. Essentially, you are each working half the schedule of a regular employee.

• Freelance schedule. Freelance workers are typically hired as a contract or temporary workers. There are many different types of freelance positions, often focused on a specific short-term project. Freelance workers often work remotely, but they may be required to work on-site.

• Split schedule. Employees working a split schedule have a significant break in between their scheduled daily work hours. Employees with this schedule might work a few hours in the morning, have several hours off, then work a few hours in the evening.

  This is a great choice for people who have responsibilities that keep them from working a full-time shift.

• On-call schedule. An on-call schedule is employed by organizations that need workers available 24/7, such as in the healthcare field. On-call workers must be available for work whenever necessary. Typically, on-call schedules rotate between employees.

Working Part-Time Hours: The Good and The Bad

There are several pros to working a part-time schedule, including:

• The ability to prioritize or pursue other goals. With part-time work, you have free time to accomplish other goals or take care of other responsibilities. This makes part-time work a great option for students, teens, or working parents.

• More flexibility than full-time work. Part-time jobs are typically much more flexible than full-time positions. You may even be in charge of creating your schedule or setting your hours.

• Steady stream of income. With part-time work, you can make steady, reliable money without fully committing yourself to a full-time position. This can be a great source of supplemental income or a way to support yourself while pursuing other goals.

There are also some significant downsides to a part-time schedule, including:

• In general, less income. Naturally, by working fewer hours than someone in a full-time position, you’ll be receiving less compensation in exchange. Part-time positions are also typically more entry-level and less specialized, equating to lower wages in most but not all cases.

• Not receiving workplace benefits. As discussed previously, part-time workers are often not eligible for certain workplace perks and benefits, such as health and dental insurance. If this is a concern for you, it’s important to ask your employer about this as soon as possible.

• Fewer opportunities for promotions and raises. It’s not that there are no opportunities for advancement for part-time workers. It’s just that they are fewer and farther between. Many advanced positions require a full-time work commitment.

Best Part-Time Jobs

While there will always be service industry and part-time retail jobs to fill, there are also some lesser-known yet high-paying part-time positions that can be great options depending on your skills and experience. Some of the best are listed below:

1. Computer Programmer. If you have knowledge or experience with coding languages, this is an excellent choice for you. Programmers help to optimize both the hidden details of the software and the user experience. Computer programmers often have the option of working part-time or freelance for companies.

2. Graphic Designer. If you are a creative person with experience using graphic design tools, such as Photoshop, consider taking on a part-time graphic designer position. In this position, you’d be responsible for making print and web pieces according to your clients’ wishes.

3. Writer. If you have experience or education in writing, there are various part-time writing opportunities available to you. This includes everything from articles to advertisements to films and more. This could be freelance work or in-house writing projects.

4. Tax Preparer. If you have accounting experience, you can make some high income working as a tax preparer during peak tax season. In this position, you’d prepare the necessary documents and information on behalf of full-time accountants in order to lessen their workload during such a busy time.

5. Hand Laborer. A hand laborer or manual laborer is a great position for anyone who can withstand some heavy lifting. Usually working in warehouses and factories, these workers help transport materials. This can be a great nightly job, but it is also very physically demanding.

6. Home Health Aide. If you enjoy connecting with and helping take care of people, you might enjoy working as a part-time home health aide. These professionals support elderly, sick, or disabled people by coming to their homes and helping them with cooking, cleaning, and other household activities.

7. Landscaper. If you enjoy working outside, a part-time job as a landscaper or groundskeeper could be a great way to earn some cash. In this role, you’d plant, water, trim, and fertilize the grass, trees, and flowers surrounding homes, college campuses, and businesses to keep them healthy and neat.

Do You Get Benefits When Working Part-Time Hours?

Part-time positions typically don’t enjoy the same benefits as full-time positions, but that doesn’t mean they don’t receive any benefits at all. This is why it is crucial to ask your employer for this information at the appropriate time, usually after a job offer has been extended.

Health insurance is one of the most important benefits that workers receive through their employer. If you have a prior healthcare arrangement – for instance, if you are on a spouse or parent’s healthcare plan – you may not need to worry about receiving healthcare through your employer.

However, if you need to receive healthcare through an employer, you should look into what benefits your potential employer can offer you. Ask your employer directly if you are eligible for health insurance benefits before accepting any job offers.

You can also feel free to ask about any other perks and benefits you would be eligible for. There are some companies out there offering benefits to part-time workers, so don’t get discouraged. You can even try searching for positions with those specific criteria in mind.

The Affordable Care Act guidelines mandate that any employer with 50 or more employees must offer health insurance to at least 95% of their employees who work 30 hours a week on average. So, working an average of 30 hours a week at these establishments means that you can receive health insurance.

However, if you’ve tried all you can and you still can’t find a part-time job that offers health insurance benefits, you still have options. Take some time to research health insurance providers and companies, as well as different types of health insurance, and pick the best one for you.

Part-Time vs. Full-Time Discrepancy

At this point, you may be wondering why this seemingly simple issue turns out to be so complex. Like many things in life, it comes down to multiple parties with competing goals and varying amounts of power. The agendas of lawmakers, employers, and employees are sometimes in disagreement.

Work policies and the philosophies and histories behind those policies are so nuanced and complex that they can hardly be dissected in a doctoral thesis, let alone an article intended to help with job-hunting.

However, one factor we can discuss here is the influence of the Affordable Care Act’s mandate that employers with 50 or more full-time employees must offer health insurance to their staff.

The Affordable Care Act is not to blame for this influence on employers, as this mandate is a helpful worker protection measure that was long overdue in the eyes of many.

Still, midsize to large companies recognized a “loophole” in this ruling. Since employees working 30 hours per week would be legally eligible for health insurance, many hiring managers have quietly adopted the practice of hiring “full-time equivalent” workers.

These workers are scheduled for 28 or 29 hours per week, as close to the line as possible while still being technically part-time.

These employees often have a strict policy of maintaining just below 30 hours a week or 130 hours a month so that the employer does not legally have to provide health insurance to them as full-time employees (or face a fine).

The weekly change of schedule compounds this frustrating scheduling. These full-time equivalent employees often find out no more than one or two weeks in advance when they will be working a 28 or 29 hours week. This eliminates the idea of part-time work offering flexibility and the freedom to engage in other tasks and responsibilities.

Companies that schedule in this way should be avoided at all costs. Attempting to deprive workers of legally entitled benefits through a technicality demonstrates a low value of workers as individuals. These organizations usually have other questionable labor practices, as well as poor company cultures.

There are exceptions, of course, where 28/29 hours a week can be acceptably called a part-time position. You may have extreme flexibility, great pay, or other measures in place to offer you fair compensation for your work.

Part-Time Jobs FAQ

1. How many hours is a part-time job vs. a full time job?

   The IRS and the Affordable Care Act define full-time work as more than 30 hours per week, on average, or 130+ hours each month. This only applies to employers with 50 or more employees that are not considered Applicable Large Employers (a special class of company) by the IRS.

2. Do part-time workers get benefits?

   It’s important to note that even full-time employees aren’t guaranteed benefits from their employer. While healthcare coverage is a requirement for most big companies under the ACA, most other benefits are considered perks rather than mandatory.

   That being said, there’s a cultural expectation in the US that full-time jobs come with benefits packages that include things besides health insurance, like paid time off (PTO), retirement plan options, and bonuses, to name a few of the most common perks. That expectation does not extend to part-time jobs, which are usually considered only a source of wages.

   Still, many companies offer part-time employees various perks, so you’ll have to research specific opportunities to learn more.

3. What jobs are commonly part-time?

   Historically, part-time jobs have usually been in retail, hospitality, or food service, but that’s beginning to change. More and more IT professionals are realizing that a part-time (and remote) occupation is entirely possible.

4. What rights are guaranteed to part-time workers?

   Part-time workers must be paid at least minimum wage. Additionally, in most states, if a part-time worker works over 40 hours in a given workweek, they must be paid overtime (time and a half pay) for every additional hour. In some states, working beyond 8 hours in a workday also makes you eligible for overtime pay, even as a part-time employee.

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Part-Time Jobs: How Many Hours a Week, What Benefits You Get, and More

When you’re looking for work, there are a number of reasons you might not want to or be able to commit to working full-time hours. And if you want to have more stability than freelance or contract work usually brings, you’ll likely opt to look for a part-time job. Or you might be offered a part-time position and wonder if it’s worth taking. Virtually every industry hires part-time workers. 

What’s the best job for you?

Use The Muse to find a job at a company with a culture you love. Select the career path that aligns with you:

Marketing

Sales

Data

Human Resources

Customer Service

Software Engineering

Product Management

Education

Design and UX

Administration

How many years of experience do you have?

0 – 1 years

1 – 5 years

5 – 10+ years

What company benefits are most important to you?

Health Insurance

Paid Vacation

Remote Work Opportunities

Dental Insurance

401k With Matching

Vision Insurance

Promote From Within

Flexible Work Hours

Personal Sick Days

Performance Bonus

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Here are some of the basic logistical questions you might want answers to before you pursue part-time work.

How Many Hours Is Part Time?

“For most companies, full-time employment is between 30-40 hours per week, while part-time is less than 30 hours each week,” says Samantha Reynolds, Communications Coordinator at Helpside, which has worked with thousands of businesses to advise them of legal requirements and best practices for hiring employees, both full-time and part-time. But because “there is no legal definition provided by the Department of Labor for full-time or part-time employment,” Reynolds says, each organization will generally set their own. In Muse career coach Jennifer Sukola’s experience, people with part time jobs typically work 15 to 29 hours a week. However, some employers will consider anyone working less than 40 hours a week a part-time employee.

For many office-based part-time jobs, employees will have a set schedule where they work the same hours every week, Reynolds says. However, these hours may vary by season (for example, if you work for an accounting firm, you can likely expect more hours during tax season) or based on certain company needs like large projects and events. Outside of office work, part-time employees may be more subject to fluctuating hours and shifts. Depending on the company and position, part-time employees might have some say and/or flexibility in setting their weekly schedules, which is ideal for workers with responsibilities outside of work such as school, caretaking duties, or another job.

Do Part-Time Jobs Have Benefits?

Much like the number of hours you’ll work in a part-time job, the benefits you’ll be eligible for will depend on where you work. Many companies choose to only offer benefits—such as dental insurance or a childcare allowance—to full-time employees. Others choose to offer some or all of their benefits to part-time workers as well. A few of the benefits commonly offered to part-time employees are paid holidays, life insurance, and paid time off (PTO), Reynolds says.

Though some individual states and cities have more worker-friendly benefits laws, there are a few legally protected benefits on the federal level that part-time workers anywhere in the country may be guaranteed depending on their exact situation:

Health Insurance

When people in the U.S. talk about benefits, health insurance is usually top of mind. While some employers do offer health insurance to some or all part-time employees, many do not. However, the Affordable Care Act (ACA), a.k.a., Obamacare, requires that any employer with more than 50 full-time employees must provide healthcare coverage to those who work more than 30 hours per week or 130 hours overall in a given calendar month—or they’ll need to pay a penalty. So even if your employer considers you a part-time employee because you work less than 40 hours a week, you may still be legally entitled to health insurance coverage.

FMLA

The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) is a U.S. law that requires employees be allowed to take up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave—without losing their jobs—for certain reasons: the employee (or their spouse) has given birth, the employee has adopted a child or taken a foster child into their home, the employee has to care for an immediate family member with a serious health condition, or the employee themself has a serious health condition. If you’ve been employed by a company for at least one year, you’ve worked 1,250 hours in the 12 months preceding your leave (or about 25 hours a week), and your employer has more than 50 employees, you are legally allowed to take FMLA leave, even as a part-time employee, Reynolds says.

Overtime Pay

Overtime pay—which must be at least one and a half times your usual pay rate—kicks in when you’ve worked more than 40 hours a week. All non-exempt part- and full-time workers are eligible for overtime pay when they work more than 40 hours in seven consecutive days. (Exempt employees are generally salaried executive, administrative, professional, computer, and outside sales professionals whose responsibilities meet certain requirements and who make more than $684 a week or $35,568 annually.) Though part-time workers generally won’t be working more than 40 hours a week, it can happen occasionally if there’s a busy season, for instance, or if they’re taking over a shift to cover for a colleague. Some states and cities have higher thresholds for the salaries of exempt employees and/or a set number of hours worked within a given day before overtime kicks in, so be sure to check your local employment laws.

What Kinds of Jobs Can Be Part Time?

While you might think that part-time jobs exist primarily in retail and food services, “Nearly every industry could have a need for part-time workers in an office setting,” as well, Reynolds says. Industries like landscaping, hospitality, and manufacturing often need seasonal administrative help. And early-stage startups often hire part-time employees in a range of roles when they’re not yet ready for full-time employees, either financially or workload-wise, Reynolds says.

Some part-time office jobs will have words like assistant, coordinator, or clerk in the title, Reynolds says. But part-time jobs can come with pretty much any title and you can search for any type of role with a part-time schedule. For example, some companies hire part-time project managers or software engineers. There are also many part-time office roles that are essentially filled through “job sharing,” where two part-time employees share the duties of one full-time job, Reynolds says. “For example, a medical office may have a morning receptionist and an afternoon receptionist.”

Why Would You Choose a Part-Time Job Over a Full-Time Job?

Part-time jobs have several advantages over full-time jobs and may be the better choice for certain people, situations, and lifestyles. For example, part-time work may offer:

• More time outside of work, which is “attractive to employees who have obligations outside of work that take their attention,” such as parenting, going to school, or caring for other family members, Reynolds says.
• A stable stream of income for someone who’s working in the gig economy or who has other professional pursuits, Sukola says. So for example, if your side hustle is bringing in some money, but it’s not enough to support you yet or it’s inconsistent, you might take a part-time job to supplement your income while you grow that business.
• Shorter shifts, which are ideal for teenagers, college students, people who have retired from their full-time jobs, or people with chronic illnesses or in other situations that may make long hours difficult.
• Extra income, which you may need if your full-time job isn’t paying enough to live on.
• Experience in a new field for those entering the workforce or changing careers, Sukola says.

If you’re looking to work 15 or 20 or 28 hours a week rather than full-time, you can search for part-time roles on The Muse. As you do, make sure you’re clear on the expectations an employer has for the position up front, Reynolds says. How many hours will be expected? Will you have a say in your schedule? Will the company offer you benefits? Will the role always be part-time? If the job description doesn’t answer these questions, you can always ask in an interview.

Regina Borsellino is a NYC-based editor at The Muse covering job search and career advice, particularly resume best practices, interviewing, remote work, and personal and professional development. Before joining The Muse, Regina was an editor for InvestorPlace, where she also wrote about topics such as investing and biotech companies. She holds a BA in English language and literature from the University of Maryland and an MFA in creative writing from American University. Find her on LinkedIn and Twitter.

More from Regina Borsellino

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3. Working time and rest time \ Consultant Plus

3. Working time and rest time

3.1. The mode of working time and rest time is established by the internal labor regulations and (or) other local regulations of the Housing and Utilities Organization.

The normal working hours of employees may not exceed 40 hours per week.

For employees whose working conditions at their workplaces, based on the results of a special assessment of working conditions, are classified as harmful working conditions of the 3rd or 4th degree or dangerous working conditions, a reduced working time is established – no more than 36 hours per week.

3.2. On the basis of the collective agreement and (or) local regulations of the Housing and Public Utilities Organization, as well as the written consent of the employee, drawn up by concluding a separate agreement to the employment contract, the working hours specified in paragraph three of this paragraph may be increased, but not more than up to 40 hours per week with the payment to the employee of a separately established monetary compensation in the manner, amount and on the terms established by the collective agreement of the Housing and Utilities Organization.

For workers employed in jobs with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, where reduced working hours are established, the maximum allowable duration of daily work (shift) cannot exceed:

– with a 36-hour working week – 8 hours;

– with a 30-hour working week or less – 6 hours.

The collective agreement of the Housing and Utilities Organization, as well as with the written consent of the employee, drawn up by concluding a separate agreement to the employment contract, the maximum allowable duration of daily work (shift) for these employees can be increased subject to the maximum weekly working hours established in accordance with with parts one – three of Article 92 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation:

with a 36-hour working week – up to 12 hours;

with a 30-hour work week or less – up to 8 hours.

The amount, procedure and conditions of compensation cannot be worsened or reduced in comparison with the procedure, conditions and amount of compensatory measures actually implemented in relation to these employees as of the day the changes were made based on the results of a special assessment of working conditions (Part 3 of Article 15 of the Federal Law of 28.12.2013 N 421-FZ “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Adoption of the Federal Law “On Special Assessment of Working Conditions”).

3.3. In Housing and Public Utilities Organizations, the suspension of which is impossible due to production and technical conditions or due to the need for constant continuous service to consumers of housing and communal services, days off are provided on different days of the week in turn to each group of workers according to shift schedules approved by the employer, taking into account the opinion of the elected body of the trade union organization.

3.4. If, under the conditions of production (work) in the Housing and Utilities Organization as a whole or when performing certain types of work, the daily or weekly working hours established for this category of workers (including workers employed in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions) cannot be observed , it is allowed to introduce a summarized accounting of working hours so that the duration of working hours for the accounting period (month, quarter and other periods) does not exceed the norm of working hours. The accounting period cannot exceed one year, and for accounting the working time of employees employed in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, three months.

If due to seasonal and (or) technological reasons for certain categories of workers employed in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, the established working hours cannot be observed during the accounting period of three months, the collective the contract may provide for an increase in the accounting period for recording the working time of such employees, but not more than up to one year.

The normative number of working hours for the accounting period is determined on the basis of the weekly working hours established for this category of employees. For employees working part-time (shift) and (or) part-time working week, the standard number of working hours for the accounting period is reduced accordingly.

The procedure for introducing the summarized recording of working time is established by the internal labor regulations.

3.5. Provide employees who work in the cold season in the open air or in closed unheated premises during working hours with special breaks for heating and rest in equipped heated premises for at least 20 minutes, which are included in working hours. The types of such work, the duration and procedure for granting breaks are established by the Internal Labor Regulations of the Organization.

3.6. Annual basic paid leave for all employees is provided for at least 28 calendar days. By agreement between the employee and the employer, the annual basic paid leave may be divided into parts. At the same time, at least one of the parts of this vacation must be at least 14 calendar days. Recall of an employee from vacation is allowed only with his consent. Failure to provide annual basic paid leave for two consecutive years is prohibited.

Leave is provided in accordance with the order established by the employer in agreement with the trade union committee of the PPO (if any) and is drawn up in the form of a schedule. The schedule is approved no later than two weeks before the start of the calendar year, taking into account the specifics of production and the wishes of employees.

3.7. In addition to the annual additional paid holidays provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, if there is a financial opportunity, employees are provided with additional paid holidays on the following grounds:

a) the birth of a child;

b) own wedding, marriage of children;

c) death of a spouse, family members (children, parents, siblings).

A mother (father) or other person (guardian, custodian) raising a child – a student of elementary grades (grades 1-4) is provided with an additional one-day paid leave on Knowledge Day (September 1).

The procedure and conditions for granting vacations provided for in this clause are established directly in the Organizations.

3.8. Annual additional paid leave is granted to employees whose working conditions at the workplace, according to the results of a special assessment of working conditions, are classified as harmful working conditions of the 2nd, 3rd or 4th degree or dangerous working conditions.

The minimum duration of annual additional paid leave for the above employees is 7 calendar days. Compensation for additional paid vacation in excess of 7 calendar days is made in amounts not lower than for the days of unused vacation.

The duration of the annual additional paid leave of a specific employee is established by the employment contract on the basis of the collective agreement of the Housing and Public Utilities Organization, taking into account the results of a special assessment of working conditions.

On the basis of the collective agreement and (or) local regulatory act of the Housing and Public Utilities Organization, as well as the written consent of the employee, drawn up by concluding a separate agreement to the employment contract, part of the annual additional paid leave exceeding 7 calendar days can be replaced by monetary compensation in the manner in the amount and on the terms established by the collective agreement of the Organization.

The procedure for granting additional paid holidays provided for in this clause is established directly in the Housing and Utilities Organizations.

3.9. Annual additional paid holidays are granted to employees with irregular working hours. The duration of vacations is determined by a collective agreement or a local normative act and is adopted taking into account the collective agreement and the opinion of the elected body of the primary trade union organization.

3.10. The duration of seasonal work in the life support systems of the population is determined by the period of provision of the relevant services.