Vocabulary words for fifth graders: Academic vocabulary words for 5th graders
Vocabulary Lessons for Grade 5
Fifth Grade Vocabulary Lessons
- Lesson 1
- Lesson 2
- Lesson 3
- Lesson 4
- Lesson 5
- Lesson 6
- Lesson 7
- Lesson 8
- Lesson 9
- Lesson 10
- Lesson 11
- Lesson 12
- Lesson 13
- Lesson 14
- Lesson 15
- Lesson 16
- Lesson 17
- Lesson 18
- Lesson 19
- Lesson 20
- Lesson 21
- Lesson 22
- Lesson 23
- Lesson 24
- Lesson 25
- Lesson 26
- Lesson 27
- Lesson 28
- Lesson 29
- Lesson 30
Sounds of igh, oa, shr, and thr.
Vocabulary Lesson 1
nigh | thigh | fight | light | flight | fright |
tight | load | oats | boat | oak |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 1 »
Vocabulary Lesson 2
foal | goat | soap | coax | hoax | oath |
coach | float | poach | hoarse | shrank |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 2 »
Vocabulary Lesson 3
shrewd | shrift | shrike | shrunk | thrill | three |
thrash | threat | throng | throve | thrust | throat |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 3 »
Long and short sounds of A, and short sound of E.
Vocabulary Lesson 4
gain | nail | trail | aim | maim | train |
strain | chain | paint | quaint |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 4 »
Vocabulary Lesson 5
abash | canal | relax | attack | attract | dispatch |
distract | expand | defect | elect | erect |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 5 »
Vocabulary Lesson 6
event | pretend | reflect | refresh | relent | reject |
request | rebel | regress | repress | subject | neglect |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 6 »
Short sounds of vowels under the accent.
Vocabulary Lesson 7
accident | animal | annual | flattery | family | benefit |
destiny | remedy | regular | relevant | difficult | history |
injury | similar |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 7 »
SOUNDS OF THE VOWELS, DIPTHONGS, AND CONSONANTS.
In this lesson, and in the pages immediately following, will be found forty-three exercises on the various sounds of the English language. Some of these have been given already, but are repeated here for the more thorough instruction of the pupil. Let the teacher carefully discriminate between the different sounds of the vowels, and fully drill the scholars in their correct enunciation.
1. Regular long sound of A, marked a.
Vocabulary Lesson 8
make | safe | gaze | saint | chamber | pastry |
mangy | brave | crave | grave | shave | adjacent |
awaken |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 8 »
2. Regular short sound of A, marked a.
Vocabulary Lesson 9
span | trap | sham | adder | anvil | banish |
brandy | crack | gland | slack | plaid | candidate |
calico | gratitude | magistrate |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 9 »
3. Sound of A before r in such words as air, care, marked a
Vocabulary Lesson 10
dare | rare | flare | glare | affair | despair |
beware | compare | chair | prayer | scare | square |
transparent | carefulness |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 10 »
4. Sounds of the Italian A, as in arm, marked a.
Vocabulary Lesson 11
farm | harm | barn | yarn | arbor | armor |
barber | cargo | guard | harsh | argument | artichoke |
cardinal | carpenter |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 11 »
5. Sound of A in certain words before ff, ft, ss, st, sk, sp, and in a few before nce and nt, marked a, as in staff.
Vocabulary Lesson 12
mass | class | vast | task | chance | passport |
master | grafted | gasp | chant | prance | advantage |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 12 »
6. Sound of broad A. as in all, marked a.
Vocabulary Lesson 13
tall | wart | awe | default | defraud | assault |
drawl | pawn | sprawl | warmth | audience | plausible |
talkative |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 13 »
7. Short sound of broad A, as in what, marked a.
Vocabulary Lesson 14
wand | squat | watch | wanton | wander | squander |
wallow | squash | squad | swamp | whatever |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 14 »
8. Regular long sound of E, as in eve, marked e.
Vocabulary Lesson 15
feel | keel | glee | deem | female | query |
neither | wean | these | priest | cheer | deity |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 15 »
9. Regular short sound of E, as in end, marked e.
Vocabulary Lesson 16
ebb | fret | them | penny | second | tender |
sledge | spread | knelt | enemy | recognize | memory |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 16 »
10. Sound of E as in there, marked e. This corresponds with the sound of a.
11. Sound of E like a, as in prey, marked e.
Vocabulary Lesson 17
where | heiress |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 17 »
12. Sound of E before r, verging toward the sound of u in urge, and marked e.
Vocabulary Lesson 18
term | pearl | err | learn | ermine | early |
perfect | mercer | terse | merge | yearn | swerve |
personal | merchandise |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 18 »
13. Regular long sound of I as in ice, marked i.
Vocabulary Lesson 19
crime | shrine | thrive | diet | quiet | spice |
strive | slime | bribery | liable | icicle |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 19 »
14. Regular short sound of I, as in ill, marked i.
Vocabulary Lesson 20
sting | bliss | inch | strip | pivot | splinter |
tinder | wicked | spring | twitch | thick |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 20 »
15. Sound of I like that of long e, as in pique, marked i.
Vocabulary Lesson 21
petite | antique | fatigue | intrigue | police | magazine |
submarine | quarantine |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 21 »
16. Sound of I before r, verging toward u in urge, marked i.
Vocabulary Lesson 22
stir | first | firm | skirt | birthright | thirst |
firth | thirtieth |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 22 »
17. Regular long sound of O, as in old, marked o.
Vocabulary Lesson 23
host | smoke | sport | slope | poet | locate |
solo | chrome | blown | scold | glorify | poetry |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 23 »
18. Regular short sound of O, as in not, marked o.
Vocabulary Lesson 24
bond | frost | lodge | prong | monster | potter |
mosque | frond | longitude | nominate | obligate |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 24 »
19. Sound of O like short u, as in dove, marked o.
Vocabulary Lesson 25
month | glove | shove | front | bloodshed | lovely |
nothing | covet | sponge | tongue | flood | blood |
brotherhood |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 25 »
20. Sound of O like oo long, as in do, marked o.
Vocabulary Lesson 26
whom | move | tour | shoe | tourist | routine |
throughout | group | prove | youth | whoever | movingly |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 26 »
21. Sound of O like oo short, as in wolf, marked o.
Vocabulary Lesson 27
wolf | would | could | should | woman | born |
horn | torture | forked | former | forward | corpse |
thorn | scorn | scorch |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 27 »
22. Sound of O like a (broad a), as if form, marked o.
23. Another mark has been added in this book to indicate a sound of O where it precedes r, as in work, marked o.
Vocabulary Lesson 28
work | word | worm | worthy | worship | effort |
worldly | worse | world | whorl |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 28 »
24. Regular long sound of double O, as in moon, marked oo.
Vocabulary Lesson 29
tool | noon | spool | groove | moonshine | blooming |
gloomy | groom | school | soothe | smooth | roominess |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 29 »
25. Regular short sound of double O, as in wool, marked oo.
Vocabulary Lesson 30
wool | look | hood | lookout | woodland | brook |
crook | shook | stood |
Click here to Practice Vocabulary List 30 »
Spelling Lists Based on McGuffey’s Eclectic Spelling Book, by W. H. McGuffey.
A | B |
---|---|
account | a report or description of an event or experience. |
adjectives | word used to modify or describe a noun or pronoun |
affix | a prefix or suffix – |
an additional element placed at the beginning or end of a root | stem |
antonym | A word that means the opposite of another word |
appropriate information | Information that supports an idea |
article | a written composition in prose |
audience (as in writer’s audience) | audience refers to the spectators |
author | a writer of a book |
author’s message | main idea theme or lesson the author wants to communicate to the reader |
author’s point of view | how the author feels about the subject he or she is writing about |
blog | a Web log |
capitals/capitalization | writing a word with its first letter as a capital letter |
central idea | the most important point the author makes |
characters | people |
character’s actions | what the character does that shows characterization |
characters’ relationships | relationships among various characters |
chart | a graphical representation of data |
clear language | word use that is easy to understand and comprehend |
comma | use a comma to separate the elements in a series (three or more things) |
compare and contrast | when you compare two things |
conclude | (v. ) to finish; to bring something to an end; to decide after careful thought |
concluding statement | the sentence that ends a paragraph and summarizes or restates the theme or message of the paragraph |
conclusion drawn | After evidence or data has been produced and described or arguments made |
conclusion | a summary based on evidence or facts |
conflict | a serious disagreement or argument |
connect ideas (transitions in writing) | Connections between sentences |
convince | persuade |
definition(s) | a statement that describes the essence |
describe | tell the facts |
details | isolated facts that support ideas |
develop ideas | prior to brainstorm |
elaboration | to expand or build upon something that was done or said |
dialogue | a conversation between two or more characters |
dictionary entry | a segment of text in a dictionary that contains all the information about a word-spelling |
draft | first rough form; make a draft of |
edit | a change or correction made as a result of editing. |
encyclopedia | a book or set of books containing articles |
errors | mistakes |
event | an event is something that occurs; party |
evidence | collected body of data from observations and experiments |
example | a thing which is seen as a model |
explain | to descrip |
flashback | a method of narration in which present action is temporarily interrupted so that the reader can witness past events |
grammar usage | applies standard grammar and usage to communicate clearly and effectively in writing |
heading | a line of text serving to indicate what the passage below it is about |
imaginary | fictional |
infer /inference(s)/ | to think something without knowing |
inference(s) made | the process of inferring things based on what is already known |
inform | give (someone) facts or information; tell |
information | facts or details that tell you |
informational paper | a paper telling what something is |
informational articles | writing that gives facts and details |
Internet | a global network connecting millions of computers |
introduction | the beginning of a speech |
key details | important details in a story that support the main idea |
key events | it means that there is something important and you need to know it |
key idea | the most important or central thought of a paragraph or larger section of text |
main characters | the central or important character in the story |
main idea | the author’s central thought; the chief topic of a text expressed or implied in a word or phrase; the topic sentence of a paragraph |
main problem | conflict |
meaning | definition |
mental picture (writing) | a mental image or mental picture is the representation in a person’s mind of the physical world outside of that person |
narrative (story) | A spoken or written account of connected events; a story. To write a narrative story |
narrator | person telling the story |
notes | to capture a quick thought |
opening (beginning) | the opening of a short story or novel is just that—the very beginning |
opinion | a view or judgment formed about something |
opposite | contrary |
order of events | chronology |
organize(d)/organization of ideas | sometimes called essay structure |
paragraph | a section of writing that has a topic and concluding sentences |
passage | a section of text |
phrase | a grouping of words that define or clarify. The syntactical definition of “phrase” is a group of words that is not a sentence because there is no verb |
plot | sequence of events in a story |
poem | a piece of writing that usually has figurative language and that is written in separate lines that often have a repeated rhythm and sometimes rhyme |
point of view/view (point) | a particular attitude or way of considering a matter. |
pre-writing | select topic |
presentation (listening stimulus) | who communicates effectively – demonstrating active listening |
communication | and the ability to integrate oral/visual/graphic information |
punctuation | the marks used to clarify meaning by indicating separation of words into sentences and clauses and phrases |
purpose (e. g. | author’s or speaker’s) |
purpose for writing | to inform |
quotation | a passage or expression that is quoted or cited |
reason(s) | a statement presented in justification or explanation of a belief or action |
relationship | a bond or connection you have with other people |
report | a written document describing the findings through research |
research | the systematic study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions |
research question | a question that can be answered by an experiment or series of experiments |
research report | an oral presentation or written statement of research results |
revise | to make corrections to; edit or redo |
root word | the base word you start with before adding prefixes or suffixes |
section | any of the more or less distinct parts into which something is or may be divided or from which it is made up. |
sensory details | words and phrases that create imagery by using the 5 senses |
setting | the context in time and place in which the action of a story occurs. |
similar | having qualities in common or resembling |
skim | read or glance through quickly; touch lightly in passing; brush; remove from the surface of a liquid |
sources | a place |
speaker | a term used for the author |
exact word(s) | verbatim |
word choice(s) | replacing words or phrases for emotional affect |
spell check | a feature used to automatically locate and correct spelling errors |
spelling errors | These errors are identified when there is a misspelling in a word. Underlined in Red. |
stanza | a group of lines in a poem |
summary | a retelling of the most important parts of what was read. |
supporting details | details that support the main idea |
reasons | a statement presented in justification or explanation of a belief or action |
synonym | a word that means the same as another word |
theme | central idea of a work of literature |
timeline | chronology |
title | a brief way to describe the content of a book |
topic | subject |
transitions | Any word or phrase (group of words) used to move from one idea to the next |
trustworthy source | reliable |
underline | a text style that puts a line under text |
tense shift | changing from one verb tense to another |
webpage | part of a website |
diagram | a drawing intended to explain how something works |
bar graph | a graph that uses horizontal or vertical bars to display data |
Four Fun and Easy Vocabulary Word Games to Play with Your Class
Fun vocabulary games can be a powerful tool in the upper-elementary classroom! As elementary students progress from learning to read to reading to learn, content area vocabulary becomes a crucial part of instruction. Each content subject area such as math, social studies, and science has its own unique set of vocabulary words. Students need to be introduced to and repeatedly exposed to the vocabulary terms that are important in each unit if they are to develop a deep understanding of a specific content area.
Fun and Easy Vocabulary Review Games |
I have found that incorporating a variety of fun and easy vocabulary review games into our schedule motivates my students to spend a few extra minutes studying their words in preparation for the big game!
Egg Hunt Review
Egg hunt review is a game that my students always love to play! It gets them out of their seats and moving around as they search the classroom high and low for plastic eggs. The only materials needed to play this game are plastic eggs, some strips of paper, and notebook paper. Before your students come into class, number and write a definition on each slip of paper. For example, one slip of paper might read, “1. a written request from a number of people”. Fold up the slip of paper and place it inside one of the plastic eggs. After recording all of the definitions and placing them inside of the eggs, hide the eggs around the classroom.
When you’re ready to play with the class, have each student take out a piece of paper and number it accordingly. If you hid 20 eggs around the room, tell the class to number from 1-20. It’s always more fun to play with friends, so I have my kids work in pairs or small groups. When the game begins, one student from each group goes on the hunt for an egg.
Egg Hunt Review |
They bring the egg back to their group, open it up, and read the definition aloud. The students then need to figure out which vocabulary word goes with the definition and write it on the corresponding line. If the definition read, “5. a soldier who is paid to fight for a foreign country”, then the students would write “mercenary” next to number 5 on their paper. The student who found the egg then puts the slip of paper back inside, places it back wherever they found it, and then returns to the group so the next student may take their turn finding an egg.
One of the things I like about this vocabulary review game is that I can just set a time limit based on how much time we have available to play. When time is up, I tell all the students to return their eggs, and then we begin going over the answers. I draw a random name stick and have that student go find an egg and read the definition out loud to the class. We discuss the correct answer, and students check their own papers to see if they got that one right. I collect the slip of paper and empty egg from the student, and call another name to find our next egg. By the time we are done going over all of the answers, I don’t have any clean up to do on my own.
Hoop Shoot Review
Hoop shoot review is another class favorite that only requires a trash can, a ball or wad of paper, and a list of the words and definitions for you to use. Divide the class into two or more teams. Place the trash can in a strategic location and mark the spot on the floor with tape to indicate where the students need to stand. One student comes up to the line, and you read them a definition. If they identify the correct word, they earn their team one point. Then they attempt a “free throw” at the trash can to earn a bonus point for their team. So easy and always a hit with the kids!
Vocabulary Bingo
Elementary age kids always love a good game of Bingo, and I found the perfect online Bingo card maker! You can play virtual Bingo or print out cards. It’s free for up to 30 students!
My Free Bingo Cards |
First, you need to decide which size Bingo card you would like to create. On the left-hand side, go down to “Templates” and choose between a 3×3, 4×4, or 5×5 card. Click on the template you would like to use.
My Free Bingo Cards Templates |
Next, you will type in your title and all of your vocabulary words.
Free Bingo Card Maker |
Click on “Next Step”, and you are ready to play Bingo online or print your cards! This is such an easy way to create a vocabulary word game that you can use year after year.
Swat the Vocab!
Swat the Vocab is the vocabulary review game that my students request the most! It gets very competitive and exciting! All you really need to play is a whiteboard or chalkboard and some fly swatters. For social studies, I have all of the content vocabulary words printed on cardstock with an image of a fly, but you can just simply write the words on your board. Make sure to spread them out as much as you can. Divide your class into three or more teams. Have one player from each team come up to the front and get a fly swatter. Read a definition out loud, and watch out! The student who swats the correct vocabulary word first earns their team a point. It happens so fast, I had to tell my kids to hold their position when swatting so I could see which fly swatter had swatted the word first.
Swat the Vocab! |
I have no doubts that if you begin playing these fun vocabulary word games with your class, they will be more motivated to study their words!
❗️norm for children of different ages☘️, games ( ͡ʘ ͜ʖ ͡ʘ)
Content
- What is the vocabulary of children
- Vocabulary norms for different ages
- How to find out the number of words in a child’s vocabulary060 90 kids
- Educational games
A person’s vocabulary (lexicon) is a set of words that he actively uses. The richer the vocabulary, the more competent and beautiful the speech will be. The ability to correctly express your thoughts helps in communication, at work or in school. That is why parents are so worried that the baby’s vocabulary is constantly replenished, starting from a very young age.
What is the vocabulary of children
Vocabulary is active and passive. An active lexicon is a set of words that a small person actively uses in life. Passive vocabulary is those words and expressions, the meaning of which the child understands, but almost never uses.
For example, a mother shows pictures of animals to a one-year-old child: “This is a dog, this is a cat, this is a horse.” The baby knows the names of animals, but these words remain in his passive vocabulary, since he cannot yet say them himself. When the baby can name which animal is shown in the picture, the word from the passive lexicon goes into the active vocabulary. The vocabulary of passive words is always larger, and this does not only apply to children. Many adults understand the meaning of the words “not at all”, “catharsis”, “frustration”, but do not use them in their speech. So children expand the passive vocabulary, which they may use in the future.
Read also: Unsuccessful experience of learning to read using the Doman method: mother’s story
Vocabulary norms for different ages
Each child develops individually, but there are average indicators that parents can use to navigate:
- 900 – up to 10 words;
- 1.5 years – from 20 to 40 words;
- 2 years – from 50 to 200 words;
- 3 years – up to 1000 words;
- 4 years – 1500-1900;
- 5 years – about 1100-1200;
- 6 years – 3200-3500 words.
When a baby starts talking actively, his vocabulary is rapidly replenished with new words. Every year it increases, and by the age of 6-7 years the lexicon can be more than 3000 words.
How to find out the number of words in a child’s vocabulary
Parents are often at a loss not knowing how to count the passive words in their baby’s vocabulary. Show the baby a picture of animals, plants, trees, food, people. Ask the kid to show, for example, a bear, a pear, a doctor. If the child correctly shows what you are asking for, then this word is in the passive dictionary.
The active dictionary can contain not only understandable names, but also onomatopoeia: “ko-ko”, “woof-woof”, “meow-meow”, “beep”, etc. The following can also be referred to the active dictionary:
- distorted names: “baka” instead of “dog”, “tyaka” instead of “tractor”, etc.;
- incorrect words: “deduka” instead of “grandfather”, “visiped” instead of “bicycle”;
- is a phrase that has several meanings at once: “ma” is mom, pasta, and marmalade.
Parents are encouraged to keep a speech diary to keep track of their vocabulary development. This will help to recognize delays in the development of speech in time and contact a specialist for further correction.
Read also: 5 of the best games for children and adults to develop creativity
Develop vocabulary in babies
From an early age, parents need to make efforts so that the child’s vocabulary is constantly replenished with new names and concepts. What can be done for this?
- Read books. With the help of stories and fairy tales, we expand the horizons of the baby, teach to perceive new information, fantasize and dream. For example, a child can see a live toucan or giraffe only at the zoo, but with the help of a book he will get to know new animals, birds, and learn a lot of interesting things about them. For young children, buy books with bright, colorful illustrations. You can purchase editions with tactile pictures that the baby can touch with his fingers. Tell about everything that the child sees in the picture: “Look, what a beautiful farm! Where is the rooster? And the chicken? Show me the pig, please.”
- We talk more. From the very birth, pronounce your actions: “Now I will change your clothes, and we will go for a walk”, “Mom will cook a delicious porridge, and we will have breakfast.” While walking, tell your child about trees, flowers, buildings. At home, name all the items that you take in your hands: toys, clothes, food, etc. Constantly talk with the baby, use synonyms, watch the emotional coloring of your speech. Show the whole emotional palette of words so that the baby is aware of what mom feels when she explains or says something.
Educational games
A child learns about the world through games. How can you expand your vocabulary through games?
- “Edible-inedible”. Game for children from 3 years old. The host (or mother) throws the ball to the child and names the object. If it can be eaten, the baby catches the ball, if the item is inedible, the ball does not need to be caught. You can change the conditions of the game, for example, the participant must catch the ball if the leader calls something soft.
- “Who is more.” A good game to play, for example, in line or on the way to kindergarten. We come up with a category of words, for example, pets. We call pets in turn: a dog, a cat, a cockerel, a chicken, a cow, etc. The winner is the one who remembers more pets. By the way, in this game, mom can give in a little so that the baby feels like a real winner.
- “Children’s crocodile”. The child chooses some thing or toy, but does not tell the rest of the participants what he has chosen. Then the kid must describe in words the chosen thing, but you can’t name it. Then the players change places.
- “We select antonyms”. You tell the child a word, and he must choose an antonym: night-day, sun-moon, sky-earth, evil-kind, crying-laughing, etc.
- “Truth or fiction?”. You offer the kid fictional or real statements, and his task is to agree with you or find errors. For example, a dog is bigger than an elephant, chickens eat semolina, a dog likes a bone, and so on.
The task of parents is to help their son or daughter develop competent, rich speech. To do this, you need to constantly talk with the child, replenish his vocabulary, read books, offer educational games. The more you engage in the development of speech with your child, the easier it will be for him to study, work and express his thoughts in the future.
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15-Jul-2022 | Development of interpersonal relations in the educational team of primary school students with visual impairment | Koposova, A. I. | |||
15-JUL-2022 | The work of the Tiflopedagogue development for the development of high school students with visual impairment in the process of studying mythology | ||||
15-Jul-2022 | Education of gender identity in children of primary school age with visual impairment | Gracheva, P. A. | 15-JUL-2022 | Development of monologic oral speech of primary school students with visual impairment in visual lessons | Kamalova, T. |
15-2022 9022 9003 in junior schoolchildren with visual impairments in the lessons “The world around” | Bugreeva, K. E. | ||||
15-Jul-2022 | vision | Bryzgalova, K. A. | |||
15-JUL-2022 | Development of the imagination of younger schoolchildren with visual impairments through art therapy | Bolshakova, A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A.abya A. A. -Jul-2022 | Work on the development of the emotional sphere of junior schoolchildren with visual impairments in the lessons of literary reading | Vasilyeva, N. A. | |
15-Jul-2022 | Development of productive interaction of primary school students with visual impairments with peers and adults in extracurricular activities | Tushkova, A. A. | |||
15-JUL-200147 | Development of vision in the lessons of the world around | Stepanenko, V. A. | |||
15-Jul-2022 | Corrective work on the development of the dialogical form of speech in students in primary school with visual impairment in the philological cycle | Bochkova, P.S. | |||
15-JUL-2022 | Development of creative abilities in visually impaired primary school students in extracurricular activities | Solovieva, Soloviev 15-Jul-2022 | Corrective work on the semantics of the word in the vocabulary of a student in primary school with visual impairment | Shestakova, Yu. D. | |
15-JUL-2022 | Formation of ideas about the world’s surrounding world with visual impairment | Shaimuratov, A.M. and social interaction skills of primary school students with visual impairment | Pestysheva, V. E. | ||
15-Jul-2022 | Spiritual and moral education of students with visual impairment in the process of artistic and aesthetic activity | Paklin, A. A. | |||
15-JUL-2022 | Development of communicative skills in visually impaired primary classes in extracurricular activities | 7777, V.A. -Jul-2022 | Development of compensatory-adaptive mechanisms in primary school students with visual impairment in remedial classes | Kosolapova, V. E. | |
15-JUL-2022 | Correctional work on memory development in younger students with visual impairment in mathematics lessons | Kozyrev, E. A. | |||
15-JUL-2022 9003. pedagogical correction of the emotional-volitional sphere in primary school students with visual impairment in literary reading lessons | Kornilova, A. A. |
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Vocabulary – Year of Literature
Text: Natalya Lebedeva
Photo: bookbridge.spb.ru
40 percent of students experience learning difficulties due to poor vocabulary. The older children get, the more problems they have. It is no longer only about a misread text or an unfulfilled task, but about the possibility of normal communication between people. These are the disturbing data from a new study of the language culture of schoolchildren, conducted by experts from the University of Oxford. In Russia, the situation, according to experts, is no better. But a taste for a good and rich native language can be developed. And a dictionary will help. How exactly, we deal with experts.
For most people, the dictionary is the custodian of academic knowledge, fat and clumsy. Why waste time flipping through this multi-page giant when it is much easier to find the right word or concept on the Internet.
— Would you like to fly a plane made by people who used the Internet for their drawings and calculations? – asks the general director of NP “Native Word” Konstantin Derevyanko . — Why do you allow yourself to be inaccurate and careless in language. Precision is just as important in language as it is in mathematics and physics.
Maria Rovinskaya , Deputy Head of the HSE School of Philology , insists that the Russian language requires precision. A person does not have to remember the names of all the capitals and reproduce the laws of physics from memory, because he knows where to look. The same is true for the Russian language. The fact that we speak this language from birth does not mean that we are fluent in it.
– New times have given rise to a new kind of communication that we have yet to explore, – Maria Rovinskaya explains. – Earlier, in the pre-Internet era, only people who were professionally engaged in language in one way or another had the right to write, journalists, writers, scientists wrote … But today they write everything and about everything.
The expert recalls that a few years ago, experts were horrified by the lexical and spelling failure – for some reason people decided that since they more or less understand you, you can write as you like.
— But it was not a recession, it was just that Internet communication showed a real level of language proficiency in society, – states the philologist. — And now we are happy to see something completely different – an increase in the prestige of literacy. Not only spelling is important, but also accurate word usage. An incorrectly used word immediately leads to a communication failure, and a person reveals himself to the world as absolutely illiterate.
On the same Internet, you can find a photo where the protesters are walking with a poster that says: “No to introverts!”. Obviously, they meant “interveners”, but the whole pathos of the statement was replaced, as linguists say, by an unplanned comic effect.
The reputation of dictionaries has been badly spoiled by collections compiled out of nowhere. But Konstantin Derevyanko assures that they have nothing to do with real dictionaries. Just as irrelevant are numerous Internet resources that allow themselves to give unverified and charlatan interpretations of words and even invent new language laws.
– In the same Wikipedia, – he says – about 20 percent of the information is not true. And if an adult can still suspect an inaccuracy and double-check, then children, as a rule, take everything at face value. And the saddest thing is that modern children do not need to clarify it.
The generation of gadgets and the Internet has yet to develop the habit of doubting, asking yourself questions and turning to reference books for answers. This, according to Maria Rovinskaya, should be taught at school.
— I am convinced that the dictionary should always be on the table of the teacher of Russian language and literature, — she insists. — These should be the most read and scribbled books. And if the student turns to the teacher with a question to which he knows the answer, he will not answer, but will offer to find the correct answer together in the dictionary. Because unlike a textbook that a student leaves at school, a child must take a dictionary with him into adulthood.
— We have yet to return dictionaries to schools, — Konstantin Derevyanko agrees, — according to official data, the level of equipping schools with dictionaries does not exceed five percent. The problem is that schools cannot afford to buy dictionaries because they are not part of the educational literature. This gap in the law needs to be corrected as soon as possible.
As practice shows, it is possible to publish high-quality dictionaries only within the framework of a public-private partnership. A dictionary is a very expensive and labor-intensive publishing product that takes years and even decades to create. It is on this principle that the world’s largest publishers of dictionaries work. In Great Britain, Germany, France there are state fundamental lexicographic programs. Even in Italy, where there is no national academy of sciences, a generalizing dictionary of the Italian language is published annually, which every first grader receives as a gift.
— An academic dictionary cannot afford to be momentary, some inertia in its creation is simply necessary, — explains Maria Rovinskaya. – Do you know what the word “depard” means? But it appeared quite recently, in 2013, when Depardieu received Russian citizenship. Does such a word have the right to appear in the academic dictionary? I don’t think. Because it disappeared as quickly as it appeared. For such words, electronic resources are more suitable, which can afford to record the momentary state of the language.
Words appear and disappear, change meanings, sometimes even to the exact opposite – all this is recorded in dictionaries. These can be large explanatory dictionaries, spelling or orthoepic, or they can be private, such as, for example, an Internet language dictionary, a dictionary of media workers or a spelling dictionary for schoolchildren, which would consist of words and terms necessary for him to study.
But an important question remains – the quality of these dictionaries. Perhaps this problem can be solved by the national lexicographic corpus. The country’s leading liberal arts universities are already working on its creation: the V. V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, the Institute of the Russian Language. Pushkin, as well as the Russian State Library.
Inclusion in this corpus, according to Konstantin Derevyanko, should become a kind of quality mark for newly published dictionaries. Moreover, it does not matter whether this dictionary is paper or electronic, the main thing is that reliable information that has passed a serious examination is collected there.
COMPETENTLY
Olga Vasilyeva, Minister of Education:
Today, a very important holiday is celebrated in the vastness of our large country – Dictionary Day.