Sienna plantation schools: Schools | Fort Bend County ISD

Опубликовано: July 25, 2023 в 7:55 am

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Sienna Crossing Elementary / Homepage

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  • Elementary and Middle School Supply Lists can be found on the Teaching and Learning Website – Here

     

     

     


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  • News From the Nurse


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  • Dear Parents/guardians,

    A Registered Nurse is assigned to each elementary school campus in Fort Bend Independent School District.  The school clinic is available to assist with the medical/health needs of each student.  Please read the procedures and guidelines which follow:

    CLINIC PROCEDURES

    When a student feels ill or is injured at school and needs to see the nurse, he or she must get a pass from the teacher who is sending the student to the clinic.   If the student goes to the clinic between classes or during a lunch period, he/she must get a pass from a teacher on duty or his/her next period teacher (Secondary Students only) Exceptions are for sudden illness and serious injury.

    The student will be signed in upon arrival to the clinic.  When leaving, the student must get the signed pass back from the nurse showing the time he/she left the clinic.  Students with any COVID-19 symptoms will be immediately sent to our Care room where I will assess them and follow FBISD policy.

    First aid will be administered when needed.  A parent/guardian will be notified if a student is unable to remain at school or if an emergency arises requiring that he/she be taken to a medical facility.  If a student must be transferred to an emergency facility before you arrive, a representative from the school will remain with the student until your designated person arrives.

    It is required that illness/injury occurring at home be taken care of at home and that students do not go directly to the clinic upon arrival to school.

    Medications

    All medications (prescription and non-prescription) must be furnished by the parent/guardian and appropriate medication administration forms must be completed by the parent/guardian.  Medication must be delivered to the clinic by the parent/guardian in the original and properly labeled container and picked up by the parent/guardian.  Another responsible adult, who has been designated by the parent/guardian in writing, is also authorized to pick up medication.  The nurse and/or clinic assistant will administer all medications in the clinic with the exception of students who are required by their physician to carry emergency medications with them at all times including asthma inhalers or auto injectable epinephrine.  In those situations, the doctor must provide written order to the school on the Fort Bend ISD approved order forms.

    Medication administration requests for prescription medication or medication given greater than 15 school days must have the signature/directions of the physician.   For prescription medications that are left at school, a second labeled container can be obtained from your pharmacy.  When medication is discontinued, it must be picked up by the parent/guardian.

    Returning to school after illness or injury

    When returning to school after an absence, the student must bring a note from the parent/guardian explaining the absence.  Students who must show a physician’s release to re-enter school must take the completed form to the school nurse before going to class.

    Temporary Disabilities

    Any student who needs assistance with getting around the campus must bring a note from the parent/guardian or a physician’s statement describing ability/modifications needed and for how long.  Five minute passes may be issued to assist injured/disabled students in crowded hallways.  Physical education/recess exemptions will be given at the parent’s request for one week only when indicated.  PE/recess exemptions for periods longer than a week require a M. D. note.

    COVID-19

    The FBISD school health coordinator, Maria Johnson, will be recording a presentation regarding COVID-19 campus policies and procedures.  These policies and procedures will be district wide.   It will be shared with parents as soon as it is made available!

    *** If you have specific concerns about your child and any health conditions they have, I would love to speak with you regarding them.  Never hesitate to call or email me with questions.  If your child will require medication during the school day (scheduled or as needed), please call or email me to set up a time to drop off the medication.

    Please save the clinic numbers in your phones so you will know when the clinic is trying to reach you regarding your child!

    Nurse Rachel   281-634-3686

    Clinic Aide, Mrs. Vilma Andrews 281-634-3678

     

     


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  • Attendance Notes

    Was your student absent? Do you need to submit their excuse note? Do you have any questions regarding attendance? Please click here to send the note or your inquiry electronically: AttendanceSCE@fortbendisd. com. 


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School – St. Catherine of Sienna Episcopal Church

St. Catherine Of Sienna Episcopal School

About Our School and Program

Our program will be divided into classes of two, three and four year olds that offer two, three or five day a week options. We also offer five-days-a-week classes for the four year olds and children turning five years old by December. Each class consists of a maximum of the Texas Child Care Licensing Division (depending on ages) with a teacher and a teacher’s aide.

Janie Hernandez is the Director of the school and has over twenty years experience as a childcare provider with certification as a Day School/Day Care Center director. All of our teachers and aides have extensive experience in child care, are CDA accredited, and receive ongoing training. They undergo current state and federal background checks and receive church required training entitled “Safeguarding God’s Children.”

Curriculum
Our curriculum consists of a traditional preschool program with some supplemental resources for reading and language comprehension. All groups engage in imaginative play, experiential learning opportunities and age appropriate chapel services and religious instruction.

Educational goals for our Early Pre-school children include:

  • learning the alphabet,
  • recognizing letters,
  • learning to identify colors in English and Spanish,
  • mastering counting 1-10 in English and Spanish,
  • gaining an understanding of some abstract and spatial concepts
    (i. e., hot-cold, over-under, etc.).

Educational goals for our Pre-school and Pre-Kindergarten children include:

  • mastering simple word recognition and early reading skills,
  • basic mathematical concepts,
  • rudimentary ethics and manners and
  • a bit of conversational Spanish.

A parents’ meeting is scheduled before the start of the school year to distribute handbooks, calendars and schedules, as well as to give everyone a tour of our facilities and a chance to meet teachers and see classrooms.

School Office
4747 Sienna Parkway
Missouri City, Texas 77459
(281) 778-2046 (office)
(281) 778-2047 (fax)
Contact : Janie Hernandez
E-Mail: [email protected]

“Train children in the right way, and when old, they will not stray.”
Proverbs 22:6, NRSV

Our Mission:

St. Catherine of Sienna Episcopal School embraces excellence in education that emphasizes Christian values and beliefs.

Our Vision:

St. Catherine of Sienna Episcopal School is a Christian school that welcomes families of all religious and ethnic backgrounds. Our belief is that our children will build a positive self-image, explore their natural sense of wonder, discover their creative spirit, learn problem solving skills, develop consideration for others and broaden the path for their walk with Jesus Christ.Aligning with our Mission, St. Catherine of Sienna Episcopal School strives to serve God by preparing our children for lifelong spiritual and academic learning.

School Days. Enjoy!

The abandoned kingdom of the “potato king” on the banks of the Oka – Articles – Estates – Special projects – Museums

Kostino estate, main house. Photo by E. Safronova.

The history of the Kostino estate, located in the village of the same name in the Rybnovsky district of the Ryazan region, has been well studied by local researchers based on archival data. Several articles about her were written by the historian and art critic Tatyana Shustova.

It is known that in the 16th – 18th centuries Kostin was owned by representatives of the noble family of Petrovo-Solovovo. One of them built the Church of the Epiphany in the estate in 1700 in the unique architectural traditions of the so-called “Naryshkin baroque”, decorated with stone “vignettes”. The temple was completed and rebuilt several times over the course of three centuries, in “godless” times it underwent many fanaticism – but still survived to this day, its fate will be discussed ahead.

This is what the Church of the Epiphany looks like today. Photo by E. Safronova.

One of the women of the Petrovo-Solovovo family married Prince Meshchersky, and the estate passed to these princes for a hundred and fifty years. It was they who laid the foundations for the transformation of the manor territory – they built a beautiful wooden house for family living and laid out a park around it. And at the end of the 19th century, the Kostino estate began to be owned by the Nikitinsky family of scientists from Moscow. The phenomenal flourishing of the estate at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries is associated with this family.

Land reclamation engineer Yakov Mironovich Nikitinsky had four sons. All of them chose the scientific path, and some managed to have a hand in the formation of the Soviet national economy.

N.Ya. Nikitinsky. Photo: history.62info.ru

Nikolai Yakovlevich Nikitinsky and his wife Olga Ivanovna fell to become the last owners of the Kostino estate (except for the Soviet people). Nikolai Yakovlevich bought the estate at the end of the 19th century and set up “plantations” here, where he grew more than 500 varieties of potatoes. Potatoes were sent to him by colleagues from all over the world: from America, Japan, even Australia. Nikitinsky also cultivated oats, rye, garden and fruit crops. But most of all, the breeder sunk into the memory of the people through experiments with potatoes. For them, rumor gave him the nickname “potato king”. Nikitinsky tried to improve agricultural processes with the latest technology of his era: he built a water tower, cellars for storing potatoes, warehouses and other services on the estate (including a barn, a glacier, a cellar, a bathhouse, a laundry, sheds, a calf barn, a pigsty and even a hare !), arranged terraces for planting plants. He also dug ponds, ennobled the park and started a fire truck on the farm. The owner tried to make all the buildings as “fireproof” as possible – under iron roofs and with earthen layers between floors.

In addition to agriculture, Nikolai Yakovlevich was actively involved in social activities – he was the head of the Theological Almshouse, an honorary magistrate, a vowel of the county zemstvo assembly and a trustee of the school in the village of Kostino, the new building of which was erected at his own expense immediately after the purchase of the estate. It was a spacious building with apartments for teachers, and in the summer the school turned into a kindergarten. Alas, the building of the Kostinskaya school was dismantled for firewood already in the “new time”, after perestroika …

The main house of the manor at the beginning of the 20th century. Photo courtesy of T.V. Shustova, a relative of Nikitinsky N. A. Rodionova. Photo: history.62info.ru

But it was not the advanced economy and the comfortable school that made the estate one of the architectural marvels of pre-revolutionary Russia. In 1901, the main house was built here in the neoclassical style – a three-story brick building with white stone fragments, a complex layout, with towers over one wing, just above a medieval castle, of unprecedented beauty. A tennis court was set up near the house; on the river under the cliff there was a swimming pool, and in the park above the cliff there was a fountain and a gazebo with a view of the riverbed of the Oka and Dali, the domes of the white-stone Solotchinsky Monastery shone on the horizon.

Monastery on the horizon. Photo: deadokey.livejournal.com

In the handwritten memoirs of the daughter of Nikolai Yakovlevich Natalya, which Tatyana Shustova got acquainted with, it was said that the house was created with the participation of the famous architect Fyodor Shekhtel. The scientist’s daughter also recorded that the great poet Sergei Yesenin and the famous actress Maria Yermolova, a friend of Nikitinsky’s wife, visited them in this fabulous, royal palace-like house. More official confirmation was not found for either Shekhtel or Yesenin. However, according to the memoirs of other contemporaries, magnificent and cheerful holidays were held in the Nikitinsky estate, to which the whole color of society could well gather.

Nikolai Yakovlevich died suddenly in 1911. His widow lived until 1936 and continued her husband’s agricultural experiments and patronage of the village school. During the revolution of 1917, the estate almost did not suffer – historians believe, because the local peasants warmly treated the Nikitinsky family. The estate was not destroyed or burned, but it did not escape nationalization. Since 1919, an orphanage was “moved” into the estate and apartments were arranged for its employees. In Kostin, even after the change of power, potatoes of different varieties were grown. Maybe in connection with this in the estate at 19In 1939, the school of gardeners began its work. Later, in the 1970s, a new house was erected for the educational institution, and the “royal palace” was no longer used. It was taken under protection as a cultural monument of republican significance, and along with it – a carriage house, a horse yard, an outbuilding, a barn, a park, a church and a gazebo over the river. Which did not prevent one of the leaders of the vocational school from demolishing the gazebo a few years later, dismantling the stables and cellars into bricks and stopping heating the main house.

Main house at 1990s before the fire. Photo by T.V. Shustova. Photo: history.62info.ru

As a result, by this time, the office, barn, carriage house, and services have been preserved in a more or less tolerable form from the “kingdom of the potato king”. And in a very bad shape – the house-palace, standing in ruins, and the temple. The park has also been preserved – it is not bedroomed and not cut down, but it has long been no longer an ordered green ensemble, but a real windbreak that has swallowed up stairs, alleys and even the surrounding landscapes. Old trees have grown randomly and obscure the view of Zaochye, and lush young growth does not allow access to the observation deck, and it did not remain in the place of the demolished arbor . ..

Office building today. Photo by E. Safronova.

There is evidence that in the 1990s the idea arose to place a museum of folk art in the Ryazan region in the Nikitinsky’s house. To this end, the estate began to be restored. But the inexplicable happened: in January 1998, the house-palace burned down. They say the fire broke out in a freshly renovated attic, and the house smoldered for a week. This tragedy knocked down the palace completely.

In 2013, the regional government approved the boundaries of the protected zones of the Nikitinsky estate as an object of historical heritage. And at the end of 2015, the regional Ministry of Property and Land Relations announced the start of a search for investors to restore the Nikitinsky estate. It is not known whether the restoration of the Church of the Epiphany is planned. After all, she also “got it”: at 19In the 30s, the temple was closed, the priest was repressed, the priest’s house was adapted for a kindergarten, and the church itself – for a machine shop and a garage. They thought of using the octagon of the temple as a water tower, and the bell tower was simply dismantled to the first tier. At the same time, the graveyard at the church was also destroyed. Now the building of 1700 looks as if the foreman Shurygin from Shukshin’s story “The Strong Man” worked on it with a tractor – as we remember, Vasily Makarych wrote about a simple Russian man advocating that not a single carnation in the household was lost, and who came up with the idea of ​​destroying an ancient temple on bricks to complete the construction of a pigsty. When Shurygin dismantled the church with three tractors, it turned out that the bricks were not suitable for construction.

Outbuildings of the Kostino estate. Photo by E. Safronova.

The author of these lines visited Kostin in September 2019, four years after the authorities announced they were looking for investors. The mournful appearance of the estate indicates that they are not easy to find – and I understand them. At one time, the poisonous writer Nadezhda Teffi described the castle of Queen Tamara as a “hole with a border” when traveling to the Caucasus. This is what the once luxurious main house of the Nikitinsky estate represents today. He had crumbled everything that could crumble: roofing, ceilings, window and door openings, and even fragments of columns – due to which some columns “hang in the air.”

Ruins of the main house. Photo by E. Safronova.

If it weren’t for the pre-revolutionary building, the building would probably have collapsed completely long ago. Based on the remnants of former luxury, it is difficult to imagine a house full of life, receiving guests, surrounded by an elegant park, an orchard and potato plantations. By the way, the Kostinskaya boarding school for orphans is located very close to the house. To approach the “palace”, you need to cross the courtyard of the boarding school and go out into the side gate. How many times a day do you think the rascals do this and climb over the ruins?. . It’s alarming for them… And it’s a shame for the kingdom of the “potato king”, which has turned into another abandoned estate…

Staircase in a former park. Photo by E. Safronova.

Maybe the neglected park “scares away” potential investors… Or is it just that today’s businessmen don’t dare to take on such large-scale projects as Nikitinsky’s?.. But not everything comes down to practical use! Preservation of historical heritage is no less significant business! It is not for nothing that the great Mikhailo Lomonosov, in the heat of polemics with German historiographers – preachers of the “Norman theory” of the formation of Rus’, dropped a phrase that was destined to become winged: “A people who do not know their past has no future.”

detailed guide to 20 regions. Where is the best place to relax?

Contents:[ Show ]

  1. Valle d’Aosta region – ski resort
  2. Piedmont region – wines and agritourism
  3. Liguria region – excellent beaches and resorts
  4. Lombardy region 9007 6
  5. Trentino-Alto Adige Region
  6. Veneto Region
  7. Friuli Venezia Giulia Region
  8. Emilia Romagna Region
  9. Tuscany Region
  10. Umbria Region
  11. Marche region
  12. Lazio region
  13. Abruzzo region
  14. Molise region
  15. Campania region
  16. Puglia region
  17. Basilicata region

    18. 9007 5 Region of Calabria

  18. Region of Sicily
  19. Region of Sardinia

division of the country into 20 regions, 5 of which have a special status.

Regions consist of 110 provinces. Each region has its own parliament and government with powers in matters of local self-government.

The provinces are divided into communes, for a total of 8101 communes. The members of the regional, provincial and municipal councils are elected every 4 years by popular vote.

Valle d’Aosta region – ski resort

The smallest region of Italy is located in a deep vast valley formed by the most beautiful mountain peaks in the world – Mont Blanc, Monte Rosa, Cervino, Gran Paradiso.

This is why it is best known for its ski resorts Courmayeur and Breil Cervinia . This land is the birthplace of mountaineering.

Significant monuments of the ancient Roman era have been preserved in the capital of the region, Aosta: the arch of Augustus, the gates of Porta Pretoria, the Roman theater, and city walls.

Piedmont region – wines and agritourism

The area is located at the foot of the Alps. Wheat fields and rice plantations cover the plain, and the famous vineyards of Asti lie on the gentle slopes of the limestone mountains of Montferrato. The traditional Gorgonzola cheese is produced in Piedmont.

Thanks to the luxury of landscapes and efficient agriculture, the area focuses on agritourism.

Very often here you can see Germans, Frenchmen, Austrians with backpacks – on bicycles or on foot they travel through the mountains, spend the night on farms and in villages, eat organic food, taste local wines.

The Russians, of course, would pick mushrooms along the way. There is an incredible amount of excellent white mushrooms, and in addition, truffles grow, which are literally worth their weight in gold – 1 kg of truffles is equal to the cost of 0.5 kg of gold.

In winter, you can relax in the Limone ski resort, and in April there is a period when you can ski down the mountain and swim in the sea on the same day. The Mediterranean coast of Liguria is only 1 hour by car or train.

The administrative center of the region is Turin , famous for the largest collection of Egyptian art in the world after Egypt.

Liguria region – great beaches and resorts

The administrative center of the region is Genoa . Even today, this ancient port surpasses all Italian ports in terms of cargo and passenger traffic and competes with the French Marseille for the championship in the Mediterranean.

The mighty Republic of Genoa left behind monuments of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.

Genoa is proud of its native Christopher Columbus and his preserved house, as well as Europe’s largest aquarium.

Something painfully familiar shines through in the silhouettes of one of the local castles, not the most ancient and not too foldable.

There are more significant ones here, but from the observation deck of this fortress you can take a look at the whole city, which, stretching for 35 km along the coast, rises from the sea in a vast amphitheatre.

A unique hybrid funicular with an elevator leads to the castle. The journey is voluntary paid, tickets – € 1.60 are sold by a machine at the entrance to the tunnel. Be careful, he gives change with no more than €5.

Liguria is one of the most beautiful regions of Italy. Its coast, washed by the Ligurian Sea, is a continuation of the Cote d’Azur of France. The local resorts are considered among the Italians the most prestigious.

Region of Lombardy

This is the richest and most developed region of the country, its economic, financial, industrial and commercial center.

High-tech industry and powerful agro-industry, the only financial, currency and stock exchange in Italy, the largest banks, trade and transport companies provide leadership and dynamism of development.

The standard of living of the Lombards is the highest in the country and one of the highest in the world, the unemployment rate is one of the lowest in Europe.

Lombardy is Italy’s most cosmopolitan region. 2.1% of its residents are foreigners, which is significantly more than the national average.

Most Lombards are fluent in German, French or English, which is also not typical for the average Italian.

In appearance, manners, mentality, they are much closer to their European neighbors than to residents of other regions of Italy. They are more restrained, very cultured, look respectable and well educated.

By the way, Milan, Verona and Breshan universities are world-famous and popular among European youth.

More than half of the population of Lombardy is concentrated in the main centers of the region: in the capital Milan with the world-famous Duomo Cathedral and the theater “La Scala” and in Brescia with the majestic castle.

The cities of Lombardy – Bergamo, Mantua and many others – have preserved monuments of Romanesque architecture and the early Renaissance.

The Certosa di Pavia monastery in the vicinity of Milan is an exceptionally well-preserved example of a mixture of Gothic and Renaissance. It was laid in 1396 d. Many constructive solutions were borrowed by architects from the Milan Duomo.

The monastery served as the tomb of the Milanese Dukes of Visconti and Sforza. In 1782, the Austrians seized Certosa from the Carthusian monks, and for a century, Cistercians, Carmelites, and again Carthusians replaced each other within the walls of the monastery.

In 1866 Certosa was declared a national museum. Attached to the church is a square courtyard with a gallery adjacent to the courtyard of the monastery, where the monastic cells open.

Plains with many lakes left by ancient glaciers and mountain peaks form the landscape of Lombardy and make wonderful places for outdoor recreation.

Prestigious resorts are located along the shores of Lake Garda, the largest in northern Europe.

The largest water park in Europe, CanevaWorld, Sea-Life Aquarium, Gardaland amusement park (analogous to Disneyland), Natura Viva park (safari park, zoo, terrarium, dinosaur park) have been built here.

Small towns, Bog Hills and Catul caves are interesting to visit.

The ski resort of Bormio is famous for its mineral springs developed by the ancient Roman emperors and Livigno’s duty-free zone.

Trentino-Alto Adige Region

This is one of the areas with a special status. It consists of two autonomous provinces: Trentino with its administrative center in Trento and Alto Adige with its center in Bolzano.

In the Dolomites, which cover part of the territory, there are well-known ski resorts: Madonna di Campiglio, San Martino di Castrozza, Val di Sole, Dolomiti di Brenta and many others.

Veneto Region

The administrative center of the region is the most famous city in the world – Venice.

Another popular tourist destination is Padua.

Shakespeare forever made Verona the city of Romeo and Juliet. Any resident of Verona will show you her balcony.

Verona is also known worldwide for its Roman Arena. Built in the 1st century, it fulfills its purpose today. The amphitheater can accommodate 15,000 spectators who gather in July-August for performances of the annual “Opera Seasons” in the open air.

Verona is also known as the center of numerous international exhibitions and fairs of finished products and technologies. Vicenza can compete with Venice in the number and beauty of villas, palaces and cathedrals. These are typical examples of the Venetian Gothic and the Renaissance.

The Veneto region is also rich in healing springs around which balneological resorts have grown up: Abano Terme, Montegroto Terme. Cortina D’Ampezzo is a ski resort with an Olympic past.

Friuli Venezia Giulia Region

The region has a special status. Friuli Venezia Giulia is a zone of animal husbandry, cornfields and industrial plants.

Architectural traces of the ancient Roman era are scattered throughout its territory, including Trieste – the administrative center of the region and one of the largest ports in Italy.

Emilia-Romagna Region

The Po River, the largest in Italy, flows through the territory of the region, which periodically surprises the surrounding residents in the form of floods, sometimes significant ones.

The river delta has been declared a nature reserve in which it is allowed to shoot waterfowl. The Po Valley is a leader in the cultivation of wheat, oats and beets. On the territory of Emilia-Romagna is a sovereign state – San Marino.

Along the coast of Emilia-Romagna, washed by the Adriatic Sea, the resort areas of Comacchio, Ravenna and Rimini follow in a continuous series .

From Rimini in the direction of Milan, the ancient Roman road Emilia, built in 187 BC, crosses the entire area.

The most ancient cities lie along it. Bologna is the administrative center of Emilia-Romagna.

Modena, where the Dukes of D’Este, who left Ferrara in 1598, moved their capital, became their ancestral home for 250 years. Here they brought their richest collection of works of art, which, even when partially lost, is still one of the most valuable in Europe today.

Parma is famous for its Roman, Medieval and Renaissance buildings, frescoed by Correggio. All Italy prefers Parma ham and Parmisano cheese.

The ancient Roman colony of Piacenza was the capital of the duchy of the same name, where the Farnese family ruled for several centuries.

Ravenna – founded by the Romans on the islands of the lagoon, like Venice, was of great strategic importance as a seaport. Now the sea has receded for several kilometers.

For centuries the city was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, then belonged to the Byzantine Empire, and later to the Popes.

His buildings are famous for Byzantine mosaics of the 5th-6th centuries.

Medieval Ferrara in the 15th century. was turned by the Dukes of D’Este into the first modern city in Europe with wide, bright streets lined with Renaissance palazzo surrounded by gardens. Today you can see both Ferraras.

Region of Tuscany

The region of Tuscany is grapes and the best olive oil in Italy.

The administrative center is Florence, other popular tourist cities are Pisa and Siena, famous for the fact that Catherine, who became a saint, was born here, and that there is a unique square resembling a bowl, on which races have been organized annually since the Middle Ages – paelo.

Region of Umbria

The administrative center of the region is Perugia. Not only ancient Roman buildings, but also Etruscan buildings of the 3rd century BC have been preserved here. BC.

There are also many interesting medieval monuments here. as well as the national gallery of Umbria, containing unique works of Italian art of the 12th century.

The city is famous for its university, which, among other things, is the largest center for teaching Italian to foreigners.

Umbria is one of the centers of religious pilgrimage. In the city of Assissi, the founder of the Order of the Franciscan monks, one of the reformers of the Catholic Church, the poet Francis, nicknamed Assisi, was born in 1181, canonized after the stigmata of Christ were revealed to him in 1224.

Here, around his grave, a beautiful religious complex in the Gothic style was built. One of the main churches of the city is dedicated to Saint Chiara, the founder of the Order of Clarisse, who was also born and buried in Assisi. Several local cathedrals are painted by the great Giotto.

Medieval Orvietto is located on the slope of a dormant volcano that hides underground tunnels and caves that can be visited with a guide.

The main attraction of the city is the most beautiful cathedral in the Romanesque-Gothic style, decorated with different types of colored marble, similar to Florentine ones.

Marche Region

The administrative center of the region is Ancona . This ancient Roman seaport is no less important today.

The great Italian architect Bramante was born in Marche.

In Urbino, the house where the painting genius Rafael Santi was born has been preserved. Throughout the region, there are many small towns that arose in the Middle Ages and have retained their original architecture to this day.

No less magnificent natural creations are the grandiose Frasassi caves, inside one of which you can completely place the Milan Cathedral 106.5 m high.

Region of Lazio

Lazio is the cradle of Roman civilization. The administrative center of the region is Rome . It is also the capital of Italy.

Other centers of antiquity – Cerveteri, Tarquinia and Ostia, Tivoli.

Abruzzo Region

The administrative center of the region is L’Aquila, which is decorated with baroque buildings that arose in abundance in the 18th century.

Wild animals and birds roam freely in the high-altitude national park of Abruzzo. Almonds, olives, grapes grow in the valleys.

Molise Region

The smallest region of the country after Valle d’Aosta in terms of size and population.

An agricultural and livestock area that has preserved the landscapes of the “past” Italy.

The administrative center is Campobasso. The oldest of its surviving buildings dates back to the 12th century.

Region Campania

Campania is a district of educational tourism, an archaeological and natural reserve, a beautiful seaside resort and a health resort with healing springs.

The area is famous for the best mozzarella, artichokes and giant lemons.

In Campania there are grandiose and unique archaeological zones turned into open-air museums: the city of Pompeii, after excavations, revealed to us as it was discovered by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius 2,000 years ago; fellow Pompeii in misfortune Herculaneum; the famous resort of the time of the late Republic and the Bahia Empire, where Roman emperors built exquisite villas; Veliyas ruins of an ancient Greek city.

Here is the world’s largest center of excavations of Greek temples – Paestum. A city founded in the 7th c. BC. Greek colonists under the name Poseidonius, left an incomparable legacy of Greek civilization – 3 Doric temples dating from 450, 500 and 550 years. BC, in a practically undestroyed state.

Those who conquered it in the 3rd c. BC. the Romans (they began to call it Paestum) built or here several large structures, from which the amphitheater and the hall of the senate have been preserved.

The city prospered until the 9th century, then the constant epidemics of malaria and the raids of the Saracens forced the inhabitants to migrate to the new city of Capaccio, founded nearby in a more favorable place.

Paestum was deserted, and from the 13th c. totally forgot about it. In the 16-17 centuries. stories of the abandoned city appeared in romantic literature. A real wave of public interest in Paestum rose in the 18th century. throughout Europe, when Goethe, Shelley, Canova, Piranesi, who visited these places and created a fashion for trips to the Greek ruins, started talking about him.

The Doric temples of Paestum influenced the formation of the neoclassical architectural style.

The administrative capital of Campania is Naples.

The second most important center – Salerno – a city with Romanesque roots, later the capital of the Longobards, then the capital of the Normans who dominated here. In the 9th century

Salerno became famous for its medical school founded by four doctors who came from the enlightened East. The “Salerno Sanitary Rules” merged Arabic and Greek ancient medical teachings, which formed the main postulates of medical practice, which were used in Europe for many centuries.

The surviving cathedrals of the 11th-14th centuries, the aqueduct, the Areca castle are vivid examples of medieval culture.

A picturesque promenade lined with palm trees and a bay bordered by the rocks of the Sorrento peninsula complete the delights of the city. Salerno is one of Italy’s largest commercial and passenger ports.

The natural wonders of Campania are the insidious double-headed Vesuvius, the Cilento National Park with impenetrable vegetation that shelters mountain settlements, stalactite caves and hot springs, as well as the extraordinary beauty of the clear azure sea.

The coast, washed by the waters of the Tyrrhenian Sea, which forms the Naples, Salernitan and Policastro Gulf, is famous for its numerous resort towns on the mainland and coastal islands.

Two Neapolitan islands are interesting for their Russian history.

Capri, where, according to legend, the sweet-voiced Sirens lived in ancient times, luring Odysseus with singing, and in the 1st century AD. in the last years of his life, the emperor Tiberius retired, in the 19th century. chosen by the world elite, including the leaders of the revolutionary movement in Russia.

The villa rented by them turned into a permanent school for the training of revolutionary personnel from among promising workers, who were taken here with their families for several weeks. From 1906 to 1913 M. Gorky lived and worked here.

In 1908 and 1910 V. Lenin visited the school. About 40 years ago, the communists of Italy ordered a monument to the leader of the proletariat from the country’s best sculptor. On the first night after installation, it was doused with black paint. It is said that this was done by the one who later became the mayor of Capri.

The tiny rocky island of Galli has been Russian for more than a century. At the beginning of the 20th century it was bought into the property by Leonid Myasin, a dancer of the Diaghilev ballet troupe, who dreamed of creating a ballet center, but did not have time to realize his plans.

Stravinsky, Nijinsky, Diaghilev have been here many times. Massine’s sons sold Galli to Rudolf Nureyev. He spent his last days on the island. According to the will of the great artist, the land, together with a villa filled with expensive oriental gizmos and Persian carpets, and a dance studio is now the property of the Nureyev Foundation, but until the idea of ​​​​using it has matured, only watchmen and dogs live there.

Region Puglia

Puglia (or Apulia) is called the green heart of Italy. This is an area of ​​highly developed agriculture. The coasts of the Adriatic and Ionian Seas abound with picturesque wild landscapes.

The administrative center of the region is Bari . It is famous for the Cathedral of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, which was built at the beginning of the 12th century. specifically for the storage of his relics, either redeemed or stolen by the townspeople from the Dominican monks in Turkey.

During his official visit to Italy in 2006, Russian President V.V. Putin.

Many hope that this fact will help us to return to our property the complex of the Russian church, built in Bari at the beginning of the 20th century. funded by Russian donors. Thousands of pilgrims came here until the complex was taken over by the city hall, allegedly due to the lack of funds from the owners to maintain it.

In Puglia you can see the most unusual cities in Italy – the white stone Ostuni and Cisternino – and the most unusual buildings – trulli. Squat cylindrical houses covered with conical domes of stone roofs, included in the UNESCO cultural heritage lists, are concentrated mainly in the town of Alberobello.

Basilicata Region

This part of Italy is called the “bear’s corner” of Europe, as well as its strawberry meadow. Most of the territory is covered by wooded mountains up to 2 thousand meters high.

Here, as well as in Piedmont, agritourism, which is gaining more and more popularity in the world, is rapidly developing – travel, involving acquaintance with natural beauties and local folk culinary traditions, familiarization with rural labor.

Archaeological zones of Basilicata reveal material traces of the ancient Greeks who landed on the coast in the 7th century. BC. and founded several towns that have survived to this day.

The administrative center of the region is Potenza.

Region of Calabria

The southernmost region of the mainland of Italy is the land of hard-to-reach mountains, lakes, relict forests, amazingly picturesque seascapes.

The administrative center of the region is Reggio di Calabria.

The fact that Calabria once remained aloof from industrial development has today made it the most environmentally friendly area in the country. 800 km of coastline are washed by the Tyrrhenian and Ionian seas.

The beaches of Calabria are not only amazingly beautiful, but also extraordinarily clean. For the last few years in a row, the EU has awarded it a “blue flag”. Calabria is the land of centenarians.

Region of Sicily

The area occupies a small, but the largest island in the Mediterranean. Despite the fact that its dimensions are only 350 by 80 km, there are 3 airports (in Palermo, Catania and Birga).

All of them accept international scheduled and charter flights. The largest – Palermo – was built with money and for the needs of the mafia, which today is considered completely defeated, as evidenced by at least the name of the airport itself – “Falcone-Borsellino” (these are the names of two commissioners who died in the fight against the mafia).

By the way, questions and jokes about the mafia cause the strongest irritation among the local population.

The shores of Sicily are washed by the Ionian, Tyrrhenian and Sicilian (which is part of the Mediterranean) Sea. The island is separated from the mainland by the 4-kilometer Strait of Messina.

Developed at the very end of the 20th century. the grandiose project of building a railway-road bridge between Sicily and the coast, which the ancient Romans dreamed of, was finally rejected.

The current engineering solutions do not allow to resist the natural anomaly of this place: the fact is that two seas with different water levels meet here.

The funnels and undercurrents formed as a result of a drop of 20-50 m behave unpredictably and have great destructive power.

The cruel element was reflected in Greek mythology, which settled on both sides of the strait two ferocious monsters, greedily devouring passing ships. Scylla and Charybdis , , which Homer wrote about in his Odyssey, entered the modern proverb.

Another formidable force of Sicilian nature is Mount Etna. It is one of 12 operating today on the planet and the largest in Europe (3340 m). Its activity is manifested either by a light haze, or by a flame, or by splashes of fire-breathing lava.

Spectacles have long become a tourist attraction, as well as trips to the volcano. For 50 EUR you will walk along the petrified lava to the old craters.

To do this, you need to take the cable car to a height of 1900 m and drive a little more up on the off-road bus.

Etna is the only place in Sicily where it snows. In winter, ski slopes are even open here (the total length is 20 km, the longest descent is about 2 km).

A few kilometers from the coast of Sicily in the chain of the Aeolian Islands there are two more active volcanoes – Stromboli, which has been continuously erupting for 2 thousand years, and Vulcano, whose name has become a household word “volcano”. The archipelago is under the protection of UNESCO and attracts with its pristine beauty and purity.

Once Sicily was covered with dense forests. The miserable remains of relic groves (about 5% survived), which went to heat the dwellings of the islanders, can be seen in the region of Messina and Catania. All other areas are occupied by agricultural land.

Sicily’s 13 conquests have left her precious traces of different cultures. Of the 39 Italian monuments protected by UNESCO, 4 are on the island.

Sicily was dominated by Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Normans, Arabs, Germans, French, Spaniards, who robbed each other of this tidbit of land at the crossroads of world trade routes.

Repositories of ancient Greek and Roman history can be called Syracuse, the valley of the temples of Agrigento, Segesta, Erice, Selinunte, Taormina.

The Norman era is most vividly depicted in the buildings of Palermo, Messina, Catania, Cefalu, Monreale.

The administrative center of the island is Palermo. This is one of the oldest cities in Italy, founded by the Phoenicians and flourished in the 9th-11th centuries, when Sicily turned into a “garden of the Mediterranean” during the Arab rule.

In the historical center, architectural examples of Arabic, Norman construction and Baroque style have been preserved. The Massimo Opera House is the third largest in the world.

Messina is the intellectual and business capital of Sicily. The ancient city was completely destroyed by the strongest earthquake in 1783, so the oldest buildings in it are the Baroque buildings, many of which are built from yellow sandstone blocks combined with black volcanic lava.

Even more terrible earthquake 1908, accompanied by a strong storm and high tide, destroyed 90% of the restored, 60 thousand out of 180 thousand citizens died in 30 seconds.

The sailors of the Russian cruiser Aurora, which at that moment found themselves in the Strait of Messina, were the first to come to the aid of the distressed. More than 100 years later, the descendants of the saved erected a monument in memory of this.

Region of Sardinia

The area occupies the second largest Mediterranean island.