Preschool independence: How to Build Independence in Preschoolers

How to Build Independence in Preschoolers

From birth, children are on a quest for independence. We see this as babies try to spoon-feed themselves or insist on taking off their own diapers, as toddlers demand to dress themselves or turn the faucet on at the sink.

Opportunities to develop independence are immensely important for building a sense of self and self-esteem — not to mention frustration tolerance and perseverance!

Still, as parents it’s hard not to groan at the thought of our preschoolers racing for the step stool, climbing up, and then trying to pour themselves a glass of milk. Letting children carry out tasks often means that the task will take twice as long — and be three times as messy.  And it can be hard to watch your child try, fail and feel frustrated or disappointed.

Given how high our stress levels are at the moment, our tolerance for inconvenience and mess may be more limited than usual. But being home-bound during COVID-19 also creates a great opportunity for parents to nurture budding independence — and eventually get some more space for yourself. Here are some simple ways to do just that.

Set predictable routines

It may seem surprising, but establishing a consistent routine is important for nurturing independence. Just like adults, when children can anticipate their day, they are better equipped to take on responsibilities. Not to be confused with a schedule (though the two might overlap), a routine is any sequence of events that occurs throughout the day. Even the act of brushing teeth is a routine, because it has multiple steps that always go in the same order: turn on the water, rinse the toothbrush, put on toothpaste, brush, rinse, dry hands and mouth. Likewise, going outside involves putting on coat and shoes, maybe packing a snack or remembering a favorite toy or doll.

As children experience these routines over and over, they learn to anticipate what comes next, and they start to take on more responsibility with less help. If you let your child do some of the prep work, such as putting the toothpaste on their toothbrush, or finding their coat and shoes, they will increasingly take on more of these steps on their own. And you are communicating to them that you have faith in their ability to do these steps without you, but also that you are there to help if they need it.

Let your child choose

Another way to support your child’s independence (and to fill time in the endless COVID days!) is to give them choices. Involve them in deciding what to wear, what to play or who to call. This does not have to mean they have free rein. Provide two or three options, and then praise their great ability to make a choice! Providing choices is especially valuable when your preschooler insists on doing something their way. For example, they might want to cross the street by themselves, which might be something you can’t let them do. By offering a choice – to hold your hand or to be carried – they can feel empowered even while you keep them safe.

Let your child help

Children love to help! In addition to building independence, this is a great tool for calming tantrums or redirecting behavior by giving them a sense of control. When you allow your child to help, you foster their confidence and give them an opportunity to learn something new. While this may involve adding an extra step or two, it is also a great way to involve your child in daily routines and activities.

For example, when making scrambled eggs, an adult might pour the milk directly into the bowl and dispose of the shells directly in the garbage. As an alternative, consider pouring milk into a small cup or pitcher and asking your child to pour it into the bowl. Likewise, collect the eggshells in a small bowl and ask your child to help dump them in the garbage.

Again, you are communicating to your child that you trust them to take on these tasks, and these moments also provide an opportunity for back-and-forth conversation about an activity with a shared goal. Plus, kids are more likely to get excited about, and then eat(!), food that they helped prepare. So having your child snap off the ends of string beans may be another way to sneak more greens into their diet.

Give your child chores

Even preschoolers can start to have chores. These, of course, will look different than those older children, but they are important steppingstones for building up to larger tasks. A lot of research supports chores for children as a way of building a sense of responsibility and self-reliance, developing executive functions, teaching teamwork and nurturing empathy.

Simple tasks like picking up toys or putting laundry in the basket allow your child to have reasonable responsibility and help with maintaining structure throughout the day. In fact, these chores can be embedded into your daily routines. For example, part of your child’s mealtime routine can include bringing their plate to the sink or even helping load the dishwasher (keep the knives for yourself!).

Let your child solve problems

Be sure to allow your child to try things that are hard and to solve (small) problems on their own. Many times, we project our stress or frustration onto children when, in fact, they are happy problem-solvers. When children are first learning to crawl or walk, we must let them fall. Similarly, when children are learning to put on their shoes, we must allow them to put them on the wrong feet. Wait until your child asks for help or provide a small hint to get them to the next step.

Presenting your child with tasks that are a little bit challenging, but still within the realm of what they can do with some support, helps them learn to deal with frustration, solve problem, and stick out challenging situations. You can acknowledge that something is hard and let your child know that you are proud by offering praise for trying new or difficult things. However, be sure to praise the effort rather than the outcome or skill: “I’m so proud of you for sticking with that even when it got hard,” rather than, “You’re so good at tying your shoes!”

Encourage projects

Projects, which can include anything from coloring to  building to puzzles to crafts, provide opportunities for children to focus their attention on a contained activity for a period of time. Commenting on and complimenting your child’s work gives them a sense of accomplishment and self-esteem, and praising your child’s effort helps with the development of grit.  When you encourage your child to keep trying to string beads into a necklace, you are communicating to them that you believe in their ability to do something, which translates into confidence and,  after he has been successful, accomplishment and pride.

Nurture free play

Independent and unstructured play is very important for fostering creativity, problem-solving and autonomy. However, most preschool children will still need (and want!) some engagement from parents during unstructured play time.

Offer your preschooler a variety of art materials (crayons, markers, chalk, finger paints), building materials (blocks, MagnaTiles, Legos) or imaginary play props and let them construct their own craft or play. You can also include materials that are not toys at all. Repurposed materials and recyclables, such as paper towel rolls, coffee canisters and cereal boxes can be used in endless ways. A paper towel roll can be a telescope, a tube, a car, a plane, a magic wand. A cereal box can be a barn for animals, a building block or a steppingstone.

Observe your child and notice what they’re drawn to. One child may be interested in stacking and construction, while another wants to play pretend. Use these observations to guide and extend their play. If they seem stuck or confused, you can model a solution or comment on their actions, and then encourage them to try again on their own.

As you watch, try not to intervene. You might comment on what they are doing and praise their efforts, but do not do the work for them. For example, if they are stacking cannisters, you might comment, “Wow. I see you are stacking cans. You are making a tall tower.” As your child plays more, you can play less. You can make suggestions or model how to use materials in different ways, or even introduce some new materials. This will help to extend play and, over time, your child will be able to play on their own for longer.

What to say while they work and play

In addition to setting up opportunities for your child to build independence, it’s important for you to let them know that you see them — their efforts, their persistence, their bravery, their growth. By offering verbal feedback, you are giving positive attention to the qualities that you want to foster in your child and making it more likely these behaviors will happen again.

What we call the “P-R-I-D-E” skills are strategies that have been shown to help increase positive behaviors in young children:

• PRAISE: Praise your child’s appropriate behavior. This helps increase the specific behavior that you are addressing and contributes to a warm interaction with your child. For example, “Great job lining up those blocks!” or, “I’m proud of you for sticking with that puzzle!”
• REFLECT: Reflect appropriate speech. This helps demonstrate to your child that you are listening and understanding. For example, your child says, “I made a tower.” And then you say, “You made a tower!”
• IMITATE appropriate behavior and play. This gives positive attention (the most powerful reward) to good behavior and promotes cooperation. For instance, when your child builds a tower, you begin to stack blocks too.
• DESCRIBE your child’s appropriate behavior. This reinforces your child’s positive play and draws their attention to it. You might say, “I see you drew a rainbow!” or, “We are building a tower together.”
• Be ENTHUSIASTIC! This makes your interactions feel warmer and keeps your child interested. For example, you can use a playful voice, exaggerate your emotions when you’re talking and smile often.

10 Daily Activities to Encourage Independence in Preschoolers

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Fostering independence in children is an important task for both parents and teachers.

Here are some ideas and daily activities to encourage independence in young kids.

While it can be a nice feeling when your child needs you and it makes you feel good to take care of them and do things for them, it’s important to find a balance between caring and letting them become independent.

What is our role as a parent? What is the role of any parent in the animal kingdom?

To raise our young so they can cope in the world without us.

We may not be sending our children off to fly and never seeing them again, but we certainly want them to have the skills to live their own lives and be functional, happy adults.

Children have a right to be taught independence skills. It is one of the basic emotional needs that all children have. 

The first signs of child independence occur when infants want to do things like hold their own spoon and feed themselves or walk somewhere on their own.

Encouraging independence in toddlers is as simple as letting them do things they are trying to do on their own or asking your toddler for help here and there.

By the time preschool rolls around, however, you should be actively teaching your children this skill. The more independent your children feel at this stage, the more sense of competence they will feel in themselves.

How can we foster independence in early childhood? Here are 10 simple ideas to include in your kids’ daily routine.

1. Give Daily Chores

You don’t need to give your child a long list of back-breaking chores but helping out with certain light tasks every day should be expected.

Things such as taking plates to the table, clearing dishes and helping you hang the washing are all small tasks that will teach responsibility.

You also shouldn’t need to reward everyday tasks as you are giving the message that they don’t need to help unless they receive some kind of compensation.

Rather praise your kids and tell them it’s wonderful how everyone in the family pitches in to help and take care of each other.

2. Make Kids Responsible for Their Bedroom

Your child’s bedroom should be their territory and also their responsibility.

They should be expected to pack away their toys, put dirty clothes into the laundry basket, etc.

Toddlers are notorious for refusing to comply so manage your expectations. Get them to do a little tidying while you sing a clean-up song but don’t expect them to do a great job when they’re exhausted before bedtime.

If siblings share a room, teach them to work together to tidy it, or to make a chart and divvy up the chores.

You will see the difference in how your child keeps their desk at school or packs their bag later on.

Just make sure you don’t “fix” or redo things, such as pulling the bed duvet straighter (at least not in front of them) or you will be sending the message that what they’re doing isn’t good enough.

3. Let Them Pack Their School Bag

Do you pack all your child’s things into their school bag to prepare for school the next day?

Umm…you aren’t the one going to school. Rather help them pack their own bag.

Your child must learn that things don’t magically appear in their bag every day. They need to start practising how to plan for the next day.

Do they need a hat? Change of clothing? An item for Show-And-Tell?

If you are used to doing all these things now, it will not likely change when your child is in the older grades. You will be getting regular tearful phone calls from school asking you to bring a book, sports kit or project that was left at home.

Make it a habit every day to ask your child what they need for tomorrow and either send them to pack it, or pack the bag together. Your child can also help you prepare a healthy snack for school.

4. Don’t Do Things They Can Do For Themselves

When your child is able to do certain things independently, such as dress or brush their teeth, let them do it.

By doing everything for them because it’s easier or quicker, you’re taking away their independence.

The worst that can happen is your child goes to school with a top that’s back-to-front and inside-out, and mismatched shoes. It won’t be the end of the world.

5. Give Choices

Part of learning independence is also learning to make choices for yourself and making wise decisions.

Instead of laying the law for everything, or constantly responding with either yes or no to requests, pre-empt a situation by providing choices.

Ask your child to choose one of 3 winter dresses you’ve taken out of their closet instead of arguing because your child insists on wearing a summer dress.

Give choices about activities.

• Today, after school, would you like to visit granny or go for a swim?
• Would you like soup or curry for dinner?
• Would you like to take out the blocks or paint in the garden?
• Would you like to apologise to your brother for hurting him and come play outside with us or wait inside until you feel ready to say sorry?

It is important that your child is frequently making decisions and weighing up situations, instead of constantly being told what to do and how to do it.

6. Make School Drop-Off Quick and Painless

The daily drop-off should not be a painful and traumatizing experience.

How you approach it will have a big effect on how your child experiences it.

Read all about preschool drop off and how you can make this a positive experience.

7. Let Kids Plan Their Own Playdates

If you are spending tons of energy planning fun and exciting play dates for your children and their friends, you are taking on an unnecessary task and not letting your kids engage in independent play.

Read this article about why it’s actually important to let your children take control and plan their own playdates.

8. Talk to Them and Ask Their Opinions

It’s important to talk to your children frequently and show an interest in their opinions.

You want them to not only act independently but also think independently and form their own ideas and opinions.

Let your children see that you take an interest in their thoughts and opinions and they will surprise you with how insightful they can be.

9. Allow Kids to Resolve Their Conflicts

A huge part of being an independent adult is learning to deal with people and managing interactions and relationships with them.

One of the earliest experiences of dealing with others is through conflict while playing. Let your children sort out most of their conflicts with siblings or friends on their own.

Obviously, there will be times you will need to intervene but for the most part, let them develop the skill to resolve conflict on their own.

When your child complains about someone or something that has happened, ask them how they will sort it out or what they can say to ease the situation.

It is too easy to immediately jump in and reprimand the other child. It will then also become too easy to rely on you to solve every problem going forward.

10. Make Your Children Accountable

One of the best ways to foster independence in preschoolers is to allow them to don’t develop a sense of accountability. This doesn’t happen when children are overly protected from consequences.

Children must learn about cause and effect and how their actions will result in certain consequences, whether positive or negative.

Fixing every problem, not allowing your child to feel disappointment, or not providing appropriate discipline will prevent your child from understanding how life is going to be as an adult.

Adults are held accountable for their actions, and childhood is the time to learn that.

These 10 ideas will help you teach your preschooler to be independent and learn important life skills.

The earlier these habits are in place, the quicker they become the norm. The elementary/primary grades are actually too late to start teaching independence.

Children feel a great sense of competence when they are independent.

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Formation of independence in preschool children in the educational process of kindergarten

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Development of independence of older preschool children in the process of cardmaking

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