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Опубликовано: December 13, 2022 в 5:05 am

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Spain – Manufacturing

Spain Table of Contents

Iron and Steel

Spain’s steel industry was located in the north at Vizcaya,
Cantabria, and Asturias, and in the south at Sagunto, near Valencia.
Though the steel industry had had an important presence in Spain since
the second half of the nineteenth century, it had expanded greatly
during the boom years of the 1960s and the early 1970s. Production had
gone from 1.9 million tons in 1960 to 11.1 million tons in 1975, making
the country the fifth largest steel producer in Europe and the
thirteenth largest in the world. By the late 1970s, however, a worldwide
glut in steelmaking capacity and the domestic economic slump had led to
a severe crisis in the industry. Thereafter, the Spanish steel industry
experienced an extensive contraction, not only in production capacity,
but also in the size of its labor force.

Despite a 50 percent drop in domestic steel consumption, production
remained at about 13 million tons per year during the early 1980s, and
it reached a high of 14 million tons in 1985. High production levels
were maintained through extensive exports; the two largest steel
producers, the state firm ENSIDESA, and the Basque company, Altos Hornos
de Vizcaya, were among the nation’s most important exporters after the
large automobile companies. Both of these companies and most other steel
companies operated with heavy losses, however.

Membership in the EC and in the European Coal and Steel Community
(ECSC) committed Spain to cutting back its iron and steel output and to
reducing its overall capacity. Steel output declined almost 16 percent
in 1986, to 11.8 million tons, and it fell to a slightly lower level in
1987. The government’s efforts at restructuring the steel industry
continued during the later 1980s with the creation of Acenor, which
consolidated the producers of special grades of steel and became Western
Europe’s sixth largest firm of this kind. The large blast furnaces at
Sagunta were shut down, and the government, which already controlled
ENSIDESA and Altos Hornos del Mediterraneo, both INI firms, took a 40
percent interest in Altos Hornos de Vizcaya.

Automobile Assembly

The greatest success story of Spain’s economic expansion was the rise
of its large motor vehicle assembly industry. Although it started up
only in 1950, by the early 1970s it had become the country’s second most
important industry in the manufacturing sector, and in the mid-1980s it
was the most important producer of exports. Automobile production
reached 38,000 units in 1960 and increased sixfold between 1965 and
1976. By the 1980s, Spain manufactured an average of well over a million
cars per year, and in 1987 it produced 1.4 million vehicles. A good part
of this production was exported. In 1985, for example, about 800,000
vehicles, out of a total of 1. 2 million, went abroad. By 1986 Spain’s
three largest exporters were Ford Espana, General Motors Espana, and
SEAT. In addition to the manufacture of personal automobiles, Spain
produced substantial numbers of commercial vehicles. In the mid-1980s,
commercial vehicle production ranged from 130,000 to 300,000 units per
year, and annual tractor production levels stood at about 16,000 units.

Spain’s motor vehicle industry was located in many parts of the
country. SEAT began its operations in Barcelona, while General Motors
Espana was located in the Zaragoza and Cadiz areas, Ford Espana was near
Valencia, and a number of companies were placed around Madrid.

Subsidiaries of foreign firms dominated the automobile industry. In
1986, Fabricacion de Automoviles, SA (FASA Renault), with about 20,000
employees, was Spain’s largest automotive company, as measured by
revenues. SEAT–at one time a Spanish firm, but, since the mid-1980s,
owned by Volkswagen–ranked second, followed by Ford Espana, General
Motors Espana, and Citren Hispania. During the late 1970s and the
early 1980s, both Ford and General Motors became major domestic
automobile manufacturers. Other foreign firms involved in the motor
vehicle industry included Peugeot, Mercedes Benz, Land Rover, and
Japanese firms such as Nissan, Suzuki, and Yamaha.

In the late 1980s, Japanese investors sought to use Spain as a
bridgehead to penetrate the West European market and to follow the
example of Ford Espana and General Motors Espana, which exported about
75 percent of their output. Not all firms worked from this premise,
however. Renault and Peugeot-Talbot began operations with the intention
of catering to a highly protected Spanish home market.

The reviving economy of the second half of the 1980s was reflected by
a strong growth in domestic demand, including that for consumer
durables. Sales of new cars rose from 629,000 units in 1985 to 860,875
in 1987, an increase of about 37 percent. In accordance with the EC
accession agreement, automobile imports were entering Spain in
increasing numbers, and they were securing a large share of the market.
In 1987, approximately 211,000 foreign-made cars were sold in Spain, an
increase of 101 percent over 1986; imported automobiles increased their
market share from 16 percent in 1986 to 25 percent in 1987.

Despite this increase in the sale of foreign cars, Spain’s motor
vehicle industry remained strong. Investments had been made in
industrial robots in order to enhance productivity, and in the late
1980s labor costs were highly competitive with those of foreign
producers. In late 1988, the Economist reported that a Spanish
auto worker earned about half as much as his West German counterpart.
Observers regarded Spain as well positioned to emerge as the EC’s market
leader in small car production.

Shipbuilding

During the economic expansion of the 1960s and the early 1970s, Spain
became one of the world’s leaders in shipbuilding, ranking third in
1974. Its shipbuilding industry was one of the few major industries in
the country that made no use of foreign capital. Shipbuilding, both in
Spain and among other shipbuilding nations, was however, one of the main
casualties of the post-1974 energy crisis; following a sharp drop in
orders in the late 1970s, the shipbuilding sector was in serious
difficulty. Among Spain’s leading industries, it was one of those most
affected by production cutbacks, closings, and reductions in personnel.
The number of shipbuilding yards able to build steel-hulled vessels
declined from forty-three in 1975 to thirty, ten years later.

In the mid-1980s, more than half Spain’s shipbuilding capacity was
located in Cadiz; other major shipyards in the south were at Seville
(Spanish, Sevilla) and Cartagena. In the north, important shipyards were
located at El Ferrol del Caudillo and in the province of Vizcaya. The
shipbuilding industry was dominated by two state-owned firms, both
belonging to the INI group, and in 1986 each had about 12,000 employees.
One company, Empresa Nacional Bazan de Construcciones Navales Militares
(generally referred to as Bazan), constructed military vessels. The
other, Astilleros Espanoles, SA (AESA), constructed civilian ships. The
next three largest firms employed a total of 4,000 persons.

After years of decline and heavy losses, in 1987 the Spanish
shipbuilding industry turned the corner, showing strong gains in the
construction of vessels from small- to medium-size. In 1987 deliveries
totaled 340,000 compensated gross registered tons, 90,000 tons more than
in 1985 or 1986. Solid increases in foreign orders were exceeded by
domestic demand. Rigorous restructuring measures undertaken in the 1980s
were believed to have prepared the industry for the upsurge in orders on
the world market that was expected in the early 1990s.

Chemical Industry

Since the 1970s, the chemical industry had been one of Spain’s
largest, and it continued to grow in the 1980s. By the mid-1980s, it
accounted for about 7 percent of the Spanish work force and 8 percent of
the country’s total industrial production. With its share of exports at
about 10 percent of the national total, it was the third-largest export
industry. In 1985 chemical exports stood at US$1.8 billion, increasing
by a further 16 percent in 1986. The Spanish chemical industry had
received a substantial amount of foreign investment capital and new
technology, and in 1987 about 30 percent of its output came from
foreign-owned companies. Although many of it’s raw materials, including
those for petrochemical production, had to be imported, the industry
benefited from Spain’s deposits of pyrites, potash, and mercury. The
largest components of the chemical industry were those producing
plastics, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, rubber manufactures,
fertilizers, paints, and dyes. All of these areas registered substantial
gains in the 1980s.

As part of its policy of merging Spanish firms into larger entities
better able to compete with foreign companies, the government prodded
the country’s largest chemical firm, Rio Tinto Explosives, to merge with
the second-largest such enterprise, Cros, in 1988. By the time the
merger occurred, sizable portions of both companies were controlled by
the Kuwait Investment Office (KIO), which managed both public and
private Kuwaiti funds. The fertilizer interests of the two companies
were combined to form a new company, Fosforico Espanol, and Rio Tinto
ceded its considerable defense interests.

Textiles and Footwear

Since the early nineteenth century, the Spanish textile industry has
been concentrated in Catalonia. Though an established industry, it
lacked the dynamism of many of the newer industries and had the least
impressive growth rate among Spain’s manufacturing industries. It was an
industry that suffered from excessive fragmentation, and, although its
operations were export-based, it depended on a protected domestic
market. Spain’s entry into the EC removed tariff barriers to textile
imports, and the industry generally found itself in difficulty. Foreign
investors showed little interest in the Spanish textile industry, and in
the late 1980s it was being subjected to extensive industrial
modernization for greater efficiency.

The Spanish shoe-manufacturing industry was concentrated chiefly in
the Valencia area and in the Balearic Islands. According to a Spanish
government study, 90 percent of the country’s 2,100 shoe factories had
fewer than 50 employees, and a large part of the industry operated in
the underground economy.

More about the Economy of Spain.

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Source: U.S. Library of Congress

An overview of Spain’s manufacturing industry

The importance of the manufacturing industry for Spain’s economy as a whole

Going back two decades, we can see that the manufacturing industry occupied an important position in the Spanish economy as a whole. However, from 2000 onwards, as was already happening in most advanced countries, it went through a very sharp decline that worsened during the Great Recession (2008-2013).1 Specifically, between 2000 and 2014, 41% of manufacturing jobs were lost in Spain (1.16 million fewer employees) and, in relative terms, employment in the sector went from representing 17.8% of the total in 2000 to 10.4% in 2014. The decline in terms of gross value added (GVA) was also considerable (–11% in real terms between 2000 and 2014) but notably less than that of employment,2 reflecting the significant gains in productivity achieved during this period (+3% per year per employee over the 14 years). Industry is precisely the sector that is most likely to reap the benefits of technological change: the automation and digitalisation of production processes boost labour productivity and make it possible to produce much more with the same number of workers.

  • 1. The deindustrialisation occurring in advanced countries can be explained by several factors, including productivity gains derived from technological advances as well as the offshoring of part of production with globalisation and the expansion of global value chains, the tertiarisation of advanced economies and also the subcontracting (or outsourcing) of certain services that were previously performed by manufacturing companies themselves but are now included in the service sector. For more details, see the «Industry 4.0» Dossier published in the Monthly Report of November 2016.
  • 2. The relative weight of manufacturing GVA fell from 16.2% in 2000 to 11.3% in 2014.

The relative weight of manufacturing in the Spanish economy has remained fairly stable since 2014,

after going through a sharp decline in the 2000s.

During the period of economic recovery after the global financial crisis, namely between 2014 and 2019, manufacturing grew at an average rate of 2.6% per year in real terms, very similar to the growth of Spain’s economy as a whole, so that its relative weight in the economy as a whole remained stable, contributing around 11.2% of GVA and 10.4% of total employment.3

  • 3. Average between 2014 and Q1 2021.

Share of the manufacturing sector

Out of total (%)

Source: CaixaBank Research, based on data from the National Statistics Institute.

The contribution made by manufacturing goes beyond its own production volumes. On the one hand, the sector has a significant knock-on effect on the rest of the sectors in the economy: Estimates based on input-output tables suggest that an increase of 1 euro in manufacturing output generates an increase in the economy’s total output of an additional 1.1 euros (indirect effect). Manufacturing also has a positive impact on the trade balance: 39% of the sector’s sales go abroad (27.5% to the EU and 11.3% outside).4 However, in addition to its economic impact, the industrial sector also plays a fundamental role in technological progress due to its high innovation intensity5 and the fact that it promotes the spread of technology to other business sectors and, in general, to society as a whole. These positive synergies generated by industry strengthen the case for a new industrial policy in advanced countries that promotes the development of a competitive and sustainable industrial sector.

  • 4. Data from the National Statistics Institute (Industrial Structural Survey, 2018).
  • 5. Innovation intensity (measured as expenditure on innovative activities as a percentage of turnover) in manufacturing is 1.6% compared to 1.1% for all companies. Data from the National Statistics Institute (Business Innovation Survey, 2019).

The manufacturing sector generates many positive synergies for the economy:

it creates stable, good quality jobs, a reflection of its high productivity, and helps to spread technology throughout society.

Industry also generates stable, good quality jobs: 73% of those employed in the sector have been working in their current job for three years or more (compared to 69% in the economy as a whole), 17% of those employed in manufacturing have temporary contracts (compared to 24% in the economy as a whole) and workers in the sector earn wages that are 16.4% higher on average than in the economy as a whole. 6 These better working conditions are not detrimental to company competitiveness; in fact they are associated with high levels of labour productivity. In fact, labour productivity in manufacturing is 42% higher than in the economy as a whole.7 

  • 6. Data from the National Statistics Institute (EPA and ETCL, 2020).
  • 7. This difference in labour productivity between manufacturing and services is commonly observed in OECD countries as a result of services being more labour-intensive.

Company size and productivity

Manufacturing companies have a larger average size than in other sectors. In particular, 0.5% of companies in the sector are large (250 employees or more) compared to 0.1% of the total economy.8 However, an international comparison shows that the average size of Spanish companies is smaller than in Germany, an industrial benchmark for Europe, which has a 2.1% share of large manufacturing firms. These differences in the share of larger companies may seem small but they become amplified when the comparison is made in terms of value added: In Germany, large companies account for 74% of manufacturing GVA compared to 53% in Spain.

  • 8. Data from Eurostat (Structural Business Statistics, 2018).

Small firms dominate the manufacturing sector but large firms add more value

Large companies are more productive

making them strong enough to compete in a globalised environment.

Company size matters because it is directly related to productivity: manufacturing companies with 250 or more workers are 48% more productive than small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and, coincidentally, also 48% more productive than large companies in the economy as a whole. Consequently, one of the main challenges facing Spanish industrial companies is to increase their size, as this helps them to make the most of economies of scale, to access various sources of financing, invest in R&D and enter international markets. Spanish industry, therefore, would benefit from a process of consolidation that would increase the size of its companies. Other alternative formulas that make it possible to take advantage of synergies between companies are also positive, such as the concentration of the activity in a certain sector within the same geographical area, thereby generating industrial ecosystems and technological clusters.

Spanish manufacturing companies are more productive than the total, especially large ones

Last actualization: 15 July 2021 – 07:39

Going into more detail: the different branches of manufacturing

The manufacturing sector encompasses a wide range of activities,9 most significantly the agrifood industry (18.8% of manufacturing GVA), the car and other transport industry (12.7%) and the chemical-pharmaceutical industry (12.1%). At a geographical level, different production specialisation can be seen in different autonomous regions, although a common factor is the agrifood industry, which is in the top 3 manufacturing branches in all regions. Navarra, La Rioja and the Basque Country are the most industrial regions, as in all manufacturing’s share of the region’s GDP is over 20%, compared to 12.3% for Spain on average. On the other hand, Catalonia was the Autonomous Community that contributed the most to the national total (25. 1%), followed by the Community of Valencia (11.4%).

  • 9. The manufacturing sector includes 24 industrial branches (NACE codes 10 to 33).

Spain’s manufacturing sector is characterised by concentration in certain branches of activity,

in which the agrifood industry stands out with a presence throughout the country, followed by the automotive industry and the chemical-pharmaceutical industry.

GVA by branch of activity in the manufacturing sector

Last actualization: 15 July 2021 – 07:40

Production specialisation by autonomous region

Source: CaixaBank Research, based on data from the National Statistics Institute (2018).

This diversity in manufacturing activities is also reflected in productivity, with very different levels across the different manufacturing branches. It is not surprising that pharmaceuticals, with 77% of the firms carrying out innovative activities, is by far the industry with the highest labour productivity (110,550 euros per worker per year). This is followed by chemicals (with a productivity of 94,400 euros) and beverage production (94,100 euros). In the latter case, however, the proportion of firms carrying out innovative activities is more or less in the lower range (28%).

Export capacity, measured by the share of production destined for export, varies significantly from one industrial branch to another. The most open sector internationally is automobiles: 70% of the sector’s sales are via exports (58% to EU countries plus 10% outside the EU), indicating this sector’s high degree of integration in global value chains. This is followed by pharmaceuticals (53% export sales), electrical products (52%) and metallurgy (49%). In total, exports of manufactured goods peaked at €260 billion in 2019 (accounting for 20.9% of GDP).

The chart below shows a positive relationship between the share of export sales by the manufacturing branches and their productivity, which is largely linked to the degree of innovation of the companies in the sector (represented in the chart by the size of the bubbles). It is important to note, however, that not all differences in export performance across industries necessarily reflect differences in productivity. Some sectors, such as the food and beverage industry, allocate 80% of their production to the domestic market but they also sell their products very competitively in international markets (Spain is the seventh largest exporter of agrifood products in the world).10 That said, the sector must also satisfy domestic demand and, in addition, some products have low added value or transport costs are particularly high, making it a sector that is more dependent on domestic sales.

  • 10. See the «Agrifood Sector Report» (2020).

Innovation, productivity and internationalisation: a winning combination

Sales abroad (%)

Source: CaixaBank Research, based on data from the National Statistics Institute (2018).

The future of manufacturing lies in the green and digital transition

Spain’s industrial fabric is powerful enough for manufacturing to take off again, but the future is not set in stone. The sector is going through a new industrial revolution, Industry 4.0, which involves a far-reaching transformation of production processes, from adopting new digital technologies (the internet of things, big data or cloud computing, to name but a few) to a new wave of factory automation, with digitally connected robots equipped with artificial intelligence (smart factories).

So how is Spain’s manufacturing industry performing in these areas? In terms of digitalisation, Spanish manufacturing companies have a similar degree of adoption to the European average but the gap with respect to the leading countries widened between 2015 and 2020. This is particularly true among SMEs, so there is plenty of scope for smaller companies to take greater advantage of the huge potential offered by new digital technologies.11

With regard to automation, Spain has similar levels of automation to those of its main rivals (a density of 191 robots installed per 10,000 workers in the manufacturing sector, above the European average of 114),12 but the speed of growth in this area in recent years is not enough for the country to catch up with the leading economies in our immediate vicinity, as is the case of Germany. 13

  • 11. See the article «Spain in the digital race» published in the Dossier of the Monthly Report for March 2021.
  • 12. International Federation of Robotics.
  • 13. See the Focus «Automation: a race we are not devoting enough effort to» published in the Monthly Report of April 2021.

New digital technologies and robotisation

promote the reindustrialisation of advanced countries.

The advances made in these two areas, digitalisation and automation, will be key to bringing back to advanced countries part of the manufacturing production that had been offshored to emerging countries. While some of the forces that have led to the deindustrialisation of advanced economies in recent decades will continue to have an effect (such as the tertiarisation of economies), it is possible the offshoring trend will give way to one of reshoring. A trend that could accelerate in the wake of the current health crisis, as it has highlighted the limitations and fragility of relying on overly dispersed global value chains. 14 The pandemic is also making a large number of firms rethink the need to locate factories closer to the end consumer. This would also make production more flexible, shorten time-to-market, enhance customisation and adaptation to the tastes and preferences of different consumers and lower transport costs and pollutant emissions.

  • 14. See the article «Digitalisation and automation: what will we produce tomorrow?» published in the Dossier of the Monthly Report of March 2021, and the article «How COVID-19 will change the way we produce» published in the Dossier of the Monthly Report of May 2020.

Only companies that successfully undertake the energy transition will be able to survive in a new environment

in which the sustainability of the business model will be a prerequisite to continue operating in the market.

In this respect, it is essential the manufacturing sector undertake this digital transformation at the same time as evolving towards a more sustainable production model; i. e. the green transition and digital transition must go hand in hand. In fact, some experts are already talking about the green neo-industrialisation of advanced countries to underline the need to promote more energy-efficient production models that include circular economy criteria.15 The European Next Generation EU funds are emerging as a major lever to support the green and digital transformation of industry.

  • 15. The manufacturing sector was responsible for 31.7% of the total greenhouse gases emitted by Spanish industry in 2019.

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    Automotive Industry in Spain

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    Automotive

    “Spain is the 2nd largest automaker in Europe and the 9

    th largest in the world”

    Automotive industry is a strategic sector for the Spanish economy.

    9 multinational brands with 17 plants are established in the country. Spanish plants manufactured 2.1 million vehicles in 2021, including 16 electrified models.

    The Spanish automotive industry turnover represents 10% of Spain’s GDP and 18% of total exports. (including vehicles and auto-parts). External trade surplus of vehicles reached €18.9bn in 2021.

    The industry generates 9% of total employment, nearly 2 million jobs are linked to this industry, and of those, 300,000 are direct jobs in the assembly plants and 201,450 directly employed in the auto-parts industry.

    The automotive industry invests on average an estimated €4 bn a year in expanding and modernizing plants, being one of the largest investors in R&D&I of the economy. Besides spanish automotive industry is one of the most attractive sectors for foreign investors. Spain was the second preferred destination in Europe for new greenfield projects of multinational companies in the last five years. (by capital expenditure data fdi markets)

    86% of the vehicles and 60% of the auto-parts manufactured in Spain were exported worldwide in 2021. A total of 1,820,727 Made in Spain vehicles were exported. EU was the main destination, but with increasing exports to markets outside EU . Africa, primarily Algeria, Morocco and South Africa, USA, Mexico and Chile, Japan and UAE are relevant markets for made in Spain vehicles.

    Spain is a competitive location for new projects in the automotive and mobility industry. Among its competitive advantages: solid automotive industry ecosystem, productive and flexible plants, leading international position and market access, availability of highly qualified and competitive human resources, complete supply chain and high investment in innovation.

    Sources:
    Spanish Association of Automobile and truck manufacturers ANFAC annual report 2021
    SERNAUTO – Spanish Association of Automotive Suppliers. Equipment and component sector in Spain 


    What are the best



    investment opportunities?

    The automotive industry is facing the challenge of digital transformation, the automation of its plants, the digitization of the process and use of technologies such as big data and additive manufacturing. These new manufacturing technologies will shape the industry of the future and be a key factor in the industry’s competitiveness.

    The use of lightweight materials to reduce the weight of a vehicle and hence greenhouse gas emissions, requires the introduction of new technologies by spare parts suppliers to provide lighter materials with new features.

    This comprises the use of recyclable or recycled materials in the manufacture of automobiles to comply with European regulation that requires the reuse and recycle of 95% of the vehicle weight.

    This opportunity involves all agents in the sector: on the one hand, spare parts manufacturers and the assembly industry should prioritize the use of recyclable materials and invest in R&D to promote recycling their materials; and on the other hand, the industry’s maintenance services, or auto salvage yards, should increase their capacities and resources.

    The introduction of electrical energy as a means of propulsion is an option for sustainable mobility. The development of new propulsion systems is generating important challenges and opportunities in the automobile spare parts industry. 

    Manufacturers will have to supply electrical propulsion systems, including electrical engines and power electronics, batteries, and energy recovery devices for brakes. 

    The new marketing models offered by ICTs are an opportunity for all agents involved in the process of selling a vehicle. It allows them to capture and attract customers through more innovative models and can also serve as a channel to engage and communicate with the customer, favoring a post-sales relationship.

    Connected cars allow data to be transferred via the Internet by means of an integrated communications module or other devices such as smartphones. Services for smart car users are related to road safety (eCall, vehicle theft alert, geolocation and speed control), infotainment (internal Wi-Fi networks, multimedia content streaming, connection to social networks), traffic efficiency (available parking places, better fuel prices, real-time traffic), reduction in costs (monitoring dangerous behaviors, computerized dealings with insurance companies) and interactivity with the system (call center with the manufacturer, remote control, parking meter payment). This shift in trend is an opportunity for the sector’s entire spare parts industry, which can increase its market share and its product range.

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    Clusters
    Automotive

    Source: SERNAUTO • Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism – Spanish subcontracting network

    Clusters

    Distribution
    of automotive components (% of companies)

    Source: SERNAUTO • Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism – Spanish subcontracting network

    > 30%

    > 15%

    > 5%

    < 5%

    23 April 2021

    Brahm

    José Manuel Moreno Casas
    manager of Brahm Precision Products Corporation Spain

    Brahm to invest four million euros this year in expanding its facilities and creating skilled jobs

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    Daimler AG

    In 2010 Mercedes-Benz presented its 100% electrically powered van based on the Vito light van manufactured …

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    SMART CITY EXPO WORLD CONGRESS 22

    Barcelona

    /

    Spain

    11/15/2022
    –
    11/17/2022

    ICEX-Invest in Spain will be present at Smart City Expo World Congress 22, which will be held in Barcelona from 15 to 17 November.  

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    CAPCORP 2022

    Madrid

    /

    Spain

    11/16/2022
    –
    11/17/2022

    ICEX-Invest in Spain will participate once again as an institutional collaborator in CAPCORP 2022. 

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    Companies in Spain, the largest companies in Spain

    The section “The largest companies in Spain, companies” contains a list of Spanish companies and enterprises by industry and services: energy; banking and finance; metalworking equipment; pumps; industrial equipment, etc. The largest manufacturers, suppliers and service companies of Spain are represented.

    9000
    Zara is one of the world’s largest fashion companies. It is part of the Inditex Group, one of the world’s largest distribution groups. The client is located in the very center…0009

    9000

    9000 9000 9000 9000 9000
    Amadeus IT Holding SA provides transaction processing solutions for the global travel and tourism industry. The company offers its solutions to various travel service providers, including travel…

    Country: Spain
    Address: La Coruña, Spain
    Phone: 8 800 333 64 30
    Site: www.zara.com
    City: Madrid
    Site: www.amadeus.com
    Foundation1987
    Personnel13 881 9000 billion USD for 2018

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    Country: Spain
    City: Barcelona
    Site: www. bancsabadell.com
    Foundation1881 9000 9000 9000 9000 9000

    0.77.7 year

    Banco de Sabadell SA is engaged in the provision of banking and financial services. It operates through the following segments: Commercial Banking, Corporate Banking and Global Business, Markets and Private Banking…

    More Personnel4 837 Sales1.25 billion USD in 2018 Liberbank SA is engaged in the provision of financial and banking business. It operates through the banking and corporate business segments. It offers a wide range of solutions including accounts and cards, and…

    More Personnel134 792 Sales27.27 billion USD in 2018 Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria SA is a diversified international financial group that engages in traditional banking activities in retail banking, asset management…

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    9000

    000

    9000 9000

    Country: Spain
    City: Bilbao
    Site: www. iberdrola.es
    personnel 28 billion USD for 2018
    Iberdrola SA is a holding company engaged in the production, distribution, trading and marketing of electricity worldwide. It operates through the following businesses: network business, op…

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    9000 9000

    ,0008

    Country: Spain
    City: Madrid
    Site: www.telefonica.com 9000

    Personnel billion USD for 2018
    Telefónica SA is an integrated telecommunications operator providing communications, information and entertainment solutions. It provides solutions for multinational companies…

    more

    9000 9000 9000

    9000 9000 9000 com

    Country: Spain
    City: Bilbao
    Address: Bilbao
    Staff1 748
    Sales2 669. 80
    Iberdrola, S.A. is a Spanish company. Producer and supplier of electricity. It also supplies natural gas. The company is ranked 213 in the Fortune Global 500 list (2011)[4]. Is one…

    More Personnel188 492 Sales48.34 billion USD in 2018 Banco Santander SA provides banking services to individuals, companies and institutions. It operates through the following business segments: Retail Banking, Global Wholesale Banking…

    more

    Country: Spain
    City: Madrid
    Phone: (34) 91 7538100 /91 7538000 9000 9000 : WWW.Repsol.com

    Founded1986
    Personnel24,535
    Sales38.37 billion USD in 2018
    Repsol SA is engaged in the exploration and production of crude oil, natural gas and refined oil. It operates through the following segments: Upstream, Downstream and Gas Natural Fenosa. The Upstream segment is engaged in…

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    Aragonesas Bodegas

    Aragonesas Bodegas

    Large Spanish producer of the Aragon region. The bodega is located in the Campo de Borja area.

    Arrocal Bodegas

    Arrocal Bodegas

    Arrocal Bodegas is located in Gumiel de Mercado (Ribera del Duero) at an altitude of 830 meters above sea level.

    Bodegas y Vinedos Shaya

    Bodegas y Vinedos Shaya

    Bodegas y Vinedos Shaya was established in 2008 and is a new project of the Gil family in the Rueda region.

    Bodegas Hijos de Juan Gil

    Bodegas Hijos de Juan Gil

    Juan Gil Gimenez established his wine company in 1916. Currently, the Juan Gil trademark is owned by the fourth generation of the family.

    Bodegas Corcel

    Bodegas Corcel

    Bodegas Corcel is a small winery in Rioja.

    Bodegas M. Gil Luque

    Bodegas M. Gil Luque

    Bodegas M. Gil Luque was founded in 1912 and produces sherry and brandy.

    Bodegas Murviedro

    Bodegas Murviedro

    Founded in 1927.

    Bodegas Navarro Lopez

    Bodegas Navarro Lopez

    Don Juan Sanchez Megia founded this winery in 1904 in Valdepeñas.

    Bodegas Penalba Lopez

    Bodegas Penalba Lopez

    Bodegas El Cidacos

    Bodegas El Cidacos

    Bodegas El Cidacos is one of the largest wineries in Rioja, founded in 1958 year.

    Burgo Viejo

    Burgo Viejo

    Bodegas de Familia Burgo Viejo is a Spanish wine company. It was formed not so long ago, in 1987.

    Valformosa

    Vallformosa

    Vallformosa is known as a major producer of Cava.

    Vivanco

    Vivanco

    Vivanco is a Spanish wine brand with a century of history (other names are Dinastia Vivanco, Familia Vivanco). This is a family business. The firm is now run by Santiago and Rafael Vivanco, the fourth generation of the family. Santiago is more on the legal and managerial side, Rafael is more on the wine-making side.

    Vicente Gandia

    Vicente Gandia

    Vicente Gandia is a winery based in Valencia. Founded in 1885.

    Garcia Carrion

    J Garcia Carrion

    J Garcia Carrion is a huge Spanish concern producing juices and wine.

    Gonzalez Byass

    Gonzalez Byass

    Spanish company Gonzalez Byass is one of the leaders in sherry production. The company was founded by Manuel Gonzalez and Robert Biass in Jerez de la Frontera in 1835.

    Grandes Vinos and Vinedos

    Grandes Vinos y Vinedos

    The company was founded in 1997 as a result of the merger of 5 cooperative wineries.

    Dios Baco

    Dios Baco

    Bodegas Dios Baco produces sherry and sherry brandy.

    Campo Viejo

    Campo Viejo

    Bodegas Campo Viejo is a major winery in Rioja, Spain. Belongs to the Pernod Ricard group of companies.

    Carlos Serres

    Carlos Serres

    Carlos Serres is a century-old Spanish winery. Year of foundation – 1896.

    Covides

    Covides S.C.C.L.

    Criadores de Rioja

    Criadores de Rioja

    The Spanish winery Criadores de Rioja is located in the Iregua Valley, in Rioja (Iregua Valley, Rioja).

    LAN Bodegas

    LAN Bodegas

    Bodegas LAN is a famous, very large Spanish company, founded in 1972, located in Rioja.

    Luis Gurpegui Muga Bodegas

    Luis Gurpegui Muga Bodegas

    Bodega Berceo was founded in Rioja in 1872 and named after the monk Gonzalo de Berceo.

    Marques de Caceres Bodegas

    Marques de Caceres Bodegas

    Marques de Riscal

    Marques de Riscal

    Marques de Riscal is the oldest winery in Rioja, founded in 1858 by the Marquis de Riscal, Don Guillermo Hurtado de Amezaga. In 2008, the 150th anniversary of the company was celebrated.

    Nuviana

    Nuviana

    Bodega Nuviana is a very young Spanish winery founded in 2001. Part of the Codorniu Group of Companies.

    Obalo Bodegas

    Obalo Bodegas

    Bodegas Obalo is a very young winery. Created in the early 2000s – in 2006.

    Osborne Bodegas

    Osborne Bodegas

    Osborne is famous for producing sherry, but also makes red dry wines.

    Pago de Tarsis

    Pago de Tharsys

    The Pago de Tarsis winery is located in Valencia. The company was founded in 2000.

    Pirineos Bodega

    Pirineos Bodega

    Bodega Pirineos S. A. was established in 1993 in Somontano (Aragon, Spain) as a partner company of the winegrowers’ cooperative Somontano de Sobrarbe Regional Cooperative – to produce and sell wine from grapes grown by members of the cooperative.

    Protos Bodegas

    Protos Bodegas

    Bodegas Protos is a cooperative winery. Exists since 1927. It is located in the Spanish town of Peñafiel.

    Torres

    Torres

    The Torres family winery has been in existence since 1870.

    Williams & Humbert

    Williams & Humbert

    Williams & Humbert was founded in 1877 by Sir Alexander Williams, a big fan of sherry, and Arthur Humbert, a specialist in international relations.

    Felix Solis Avantis

    Felix Solis Avantis

    Felix Solis Avantis is one of the ten largest world wine producers, has branches in many countries of the world, belongs to the Solis family.

    Fernando Castro Bodegas

    Fernando Castro Bodegas

    Fernando Castro Bodegas is one of the oldest wineries in the Castile-La Mancha region. The company was founded in 1850 by Juan Manuel Castro and the family business has been passed down from generation to generation ever since.

    Freixenet

    Freixenet

    Freixenet is Spain’s largest cava producer and the world’s largest sparkling wine producer. Production volumes are about 200 million bottles per year.

    Eidosela Bodegas

    Eidosela Bodegas

    Bodegas Eidosela is a Spanish wine cooperative. The company was founded in 2003.

    1 2 Entire list

    Industry of Spain

    The main industries are: mining, energy, food and food production, shipbuilding, automotive, metallurgy, metalworking, chemicals and textiles. An important place is also occupied by the furniture industry and the production of ceramic products.

    Mining is the oldest branch of the economy. Currently, more than two dozen types of minerals are mined. These are iron ore, oil, gas, quartz, pyrites, copper, gold, tin, mercury, silver, tungsten, uranium, coal, antimony, sulfur, mica, oil shale, tungsten, etc. So, in 2016, the country had 1 million tons of coal, 139.2 thousand tons of oil, 6 million m3 of natural gas, 500.0 thousand tons of iron, 182.5 thousand tons of copper and 76.6 thousand tons of zinc ores, 3.9 million tons salt, 1.1 million tons of potash, 540 thousand tons of rutile, 530 thousand tons of feldspar and 132.5 thousand tons of fluorspar, 350 thousand tons of kaolin, 525.2 thousand tons of magnesite, 8.7 million tons of gypsum , 1.5 thousand tons of mercury, 1.3 tons of gold.

    Spain is one of the largest producers of lead and copper in the EU. Lead and zinc ores are mined mainly in the provinces of Jaén, Seville, Murcia, Santander, Oviedo, and Granada. Mercury ores are mined in the famous deposits of Almadena. The centers of iron ore production are the provinces of Vizcaya, Granada, Leon, Santander, Almeria, Lugo, Oviedo. Almost all tungsten ore mining is concentrated in the province of Pontevedra in the west of Galicia. At the same time, the country is completely dependent on foreign purchases of raw materials for the production of aluminum, asbestos, manganese, nickel, titanium, phosphates, petroleum products and other mineral resources.

    Energy

    One of the iconic sectors of the economy, but it is also experiencing difficulties. In 2017, electricity generation amounted to 275.4 billion kWh (5th place in Europe). 45.7% of electricity was generated at TPPs, 25.2% – RES, 21.1% – NPPs, 6.7% – HPPs and 1.3% – using other sources3. Since the beginning of the third millennium, electricity production has grown by 12%. From 2001 to 2007, there was an increase in electricity production, and from 2008 to the present, production has been declining. During this time, electricity production decreased by 13%, or by almost 40 billion kWh.

    TPPs are located in coal fields, near oil refineries and port cities. The largest thermal power plant is located in Escombreras (570 thousand kW). Units for the use of wind energy are located almost along the entire perimeter of the country. The installed capacity of wind farms is 32.9 million kW. With the help of wind energy, up to 20% of electricity is generated on some days. Solar power plants have been built in the Almería region and in Castilla-la-Mancha. In addition to solar power plants, solar collectors are being built in many parts of the country. Some 40 Spanish cities have adopted legislation requiring partial water heating in new and renovated residential buildings using solar energy. The installed capacity of solar energy is 14.4 MW. Nuclear energy began to be used at the end of 1960s with the construction of the first nuclear power plant “Jose Cabrera” near Madrid. Since 1983, for environmental reasons, the construction of new nuclear power plants has been discontinued. Currently, there are 5 stations operating in the country, including 7 nuclear power units with a total capacity of 7100 MW. The hydropower potential of the rivers has been used by almost 90%. HPPs have been built in the basin of the Duero, Ebro, Sil, Tajo, Minho rivers. The largest Spanish energy companies are: Repsol, ENDESA, Gas Natural, Iberdrola, Union Fenosa, as well as Enagas and Red Electrica de Espana.

    The iron and steel industry is an important branch of Spanish industry. Most of the metallurgical plants are located in the north of the country – in Asturias and the Basque Country, where coal and iron ore deposits are successfully combined. However, the excessive export of high-quality Spanish ore led to the depletion of deposits and the country was forced to start importing it. 5-6 million tons of iron ore are imported annually. As a result, new factories began to be built in port cities. Factories appeared in the Mediterranean part of the country – in Catalonia, Granada, Andalusia. The most important centers of ferrous metallurgy: in the Basque Country – Legaspia, Zummaraga, Bazauri, Bilbao, Azpentina, Vergara, in Catalonia – Ripoll, Mataro, Barcelona, ​​Vilanova, La Geltru, in Galicia – Ferron, Villagarcia de Arousa, Vito, Ourense, in Asturias – Aviles, Gijon, Oviedo, in Andalusia – Huelva, Peñarroya-Pueblonuevo, Granada. In 2017, 14.3 million tons of steel and 4. 5 million tons of pig iron were smelted. Steel production is declining, pig iron is growing. Thus, over the past 10 years (2008-2017), steel production has decreased by 1.2 times (4 million tons), pig iron has increased by 18% (about 1 million tons).

    Non-ferrous metallurgy is less developed than ferrous. Lead smelting plants are concentrated near the sources of raw materials in the provinces of Jaén, Cordoba, and also in the Cartagena region. Zinc is smelted at factories located in Asturias (San Tandere, Gipuzkoa), Murcia (Cartagena), copper – in Andalusia (Huelva, Cordoba), Valencia, Asturias, the Basque country (Biscay), aluminum – in Castile-Leon (Valladolid, Aviles), Galicia (La Coruna), Valencia (Alicante), Aragon (Sabinanigo). In 2016, non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises produced 1 million tons of alumina, 360 thousand tons of primary aluminum, 507 thousand tons of zinc slab, 292.3 thousand tons of crude and 424.4 thousand tons of refined copper, 166 thousand tons of refined lead, 17. 6 tons of silver.

    One of the leading industries is mechanical engineering . Its main industry is transport engineering, namely: automotive, locomotive and shipbuilding. In 2017, 2.8 million cars were produced in the country (second place in Europe). All types of cars are produced, as well as buses and wheeled tractors (tractors). The automotive industry is represented mainly by branches of foreign companies (Fiat, Renault, Volkswagen, Groupe PSA, Chrysler). Among the Spanish manufacturers, the SEAT automaker stands out. Automotive centers are Madrid, Barcelona, ​​Valladolid, Vigo, Palomna, Vitoria. More than 70 thousand Spaniards work in car factories, and the share of the automotive industry is about 6% of the country’s GDP (almost €40 billion).

    Agricultural engineering is well developed in the country. It employs 370 companies with a turnover of about €2 billion. Industry enterprises are distributed throughout Spain, but their highest concentration is observed in Catalonia (27%), the Valencian Community (16%) and Aragon (15%). The industry combines three main sub-sectors: agricultural machinery and equipment, cattle breeding equipment, production of equipment for greenhouses. The largest importers of agricultural machinery are the countries of the EU, Latin America and Eastern Europe.

    Spain is one of the leading countries in the world in terms of the development of the shipbuilding industry. The volume of production of ships reached 2% of the world. In terms of their production, Spain ranks fourth in the EU, after Germany, France and Italy. There are more than 30 shipbuilding companies with 40 shipyards operating in the country. Shipbuilding companies are focused on the production of cargo ships, gas carriers (liquefied petroleum gas), ro-ro ships, pleasure boats, tugs and fishing boats. The largest number of shipyards is located in the northern ports – Bilbao, Santander, Gijon, El Ferrol, Vigo. On the Mediterranean coast, shipbuilding centers are Barcelona, ​​Valencia, Cartagena, Palma (Balearic Islands), Huelva, Cadiz. In particular, the port of Cadiz is the country’s largest shipbuilding center.

    Railway engineering

    Locomotive and wagon factories in Barcelona, ​​Zaragoza, Trapaga, Valencia, maintenance and repair centers for rolling stock in Madrid, Bilbao, Barcelona, ​​offices and design offices of the railway industry in Madrid, Las -Rosase.

    Spain is also known for its electrical and machine tool industries. The production of equipment for the chemical, light, food industries, the manufacture of building materials has been developed. It is one of the top ten countries in the world producing metalworking equipment and machine tools. In particular, products of furniture engineering and woodworking equipment are valued on the world market. The commercial proposals are dominated by mechanized wood processing equipment such as CNC milling machines and machining centers, pallet production lines, furniture coating and UV drying lines, CNC turning lines. Companies in this industry are located throughout Spain, but most of them in Catalonia (30%), Valencia (22%) and the Basque Country (23%).

    aerospace industry industrial industry is characterized by a high level of development and specialization. The country’s leading enterprises focus on highly specialized technologies and are world leaders in composite materials, small and medium aircraft, gas turbine engines, flight simulators, and their maintenance. Spanish companies have an important role to play in major aerospace projects in the European Union. We are talking about the participation of Spain in the Airbus A380 superjumbo project. In addition, Spanish companies supply structural components for Embraer 170 and 19 aircraft.0 and Bombardier CRJ700 and CRJ900. Military products are also produced. The centers of the aerospace industry were formed in Andalusia, Madrid, Seville, Toledo.

    The chemical industry is one of the fastest growing industries in Spain. In terms of output, it ranks 5th in the EU. It employs about 2% of the economically active population of the country, and its contribution to the country’s GDP is estimated at 4% (second place after transport engineering). The enterprises of the industry work mainly on imported raw materials, since their own raw material base is very scarce. The industry is characterized by the dominance of foreign capital. Foreign enterprises are engaged in the production of those products that are in greatest demand on the world market. Unlike Spanish enterprises, represented by a large number of small and medium-sized ones, foreign companies are branches of large TNCs.

    Among the most developed sectors of the chemical industry is the production of fertilizers: nitrogen (800 thousand tons) and phosphorus (300 thousand tons in terms of P205). The main export products of the chemical industry are synthetic rubber, chemical fibers, plastic products, nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers, caustic soda, medicines. Urea, ammonia, methanol, ammonium sulfate, synthetic fibers, chloride solvents, potash fertilizers, pharmaceutical products, cellulose, etc. are imported.

    Taking into account that the industry’s enterprises are actively involved in export-import operations, they are mainly concentrated in coastal cities. The most important industry centers have been built in Catalonia (Barcelona, ​​Manresa, Badalona), Valencia (Valencia, Alicante), Asturias (Aviles, Gijón, Oviedo), the Basque Country (Biscay, Bilbao, Sestano), Galicia (Carunha, Vito, Ourense), Murcia (Escolebreras, Cartagena), as well as in Aragon (Sabinanigo, Moxon) and Madrid.

    The petrochemical and oil refining industries are closely related to the chemical industry. Since almost all oil is imported, its processing is carried out at enterprises located in port cities. There are ten refineries in total, the largest of which are located in the cities of San Roque (12 million tons per year), Bilbao (11 million tons), Cartagena (11 million tons) and Huelva (10 million tons).

    In the manufacturing industry, the most important industries are those producing consumer goods – food, textile, leather, footwear.

    food and flavor industries located throughout the country. In terms of technical equipment, importance for the domestic and foreign markets, the wine-making, oil-pressing, cheese-making, fruit and vegetable and fish canning industries stand out. In terms of the production of a number of products, Spain occupies one of the first places in the world. In particular, the first place in the production of olive oil, the third – wine (after Italy and France). Included in the top ten countries in the world for the processing of fish and marine products. Wineries are located in Catalonia, Aragon, Castile-La Mancha, Andalusia and the Canary Islands, cheese factories – in Castile-La Mancha, Castile-Leon, Catalonia, Asturias, Cantabria, Galicia and Andalusia. Oil mills are located mainly in olive growing areas (in Andalusia, Catalonia), fruit and vegetable processing plants in the Levant, fish canning plants in the port cities of the north. Sugar, tobacco, and flour-grinding industries are also developed.

    Textile industry enterprises are focused on the production of fabrics, furs, leather, ready-made clothes, yarn, shoes. The fur and leather industry includes four sub-sectors: processing of raw materials, tailoring of shoes, tailoring of leather accessories, tailoring of fur and leather. It employs more than 120 thousand workers.

    Processing of raw hides and skins is a sub-sector with a long history, which has developed from handicraft technologies to modern high-tech industries. The semi-finished leather product is produced in the interests of the shoe industry, as well as for tailoring, furniture and accessories. The dominant position in the production is occupied by leather made from the skins of cattle, from sheepskins and sheepskin material. The leading leather producing regions are Catalonia, Valencia and Murcia. The main consumer of leather is Italy (over 20%), with sheepskin accounting for almost half of sales to this country, leather clothing – Portugal (more than 20%). This is followed by France, Japan, Turkey, South Korea and the United States.

    The leading role in the fur industry is played by the production of fur velor products (sheepskin coats), which are in high demand all over the world due to their high quality and fashionable design. Along with sheepskin coats, consumers are showing increased interest in products that use marmot, kolinsky and astrakhan fur, as well as fur accessories and fur trim.

    The production of leather accessories has a long tradition, which is concentrated in the hands of small producers – artisans. Their distinguishing feature is high quality and fashionable design. Emphasis is placed on the production of bags and belts.

    Spain is one of the world’s leading footwear manufacturers and exporters. Up to 70% of footwear produced is exported. The industry employs about 3 thousand enterprises, which employ almost 50 thousand workers, 2/3 of the firms are located in Valencia. The main buyers of Spanish shoes are France, Germany and the USA.

    Timber industry complex relies on its own and imported resources. Cork oak is highly valued among forest crops. In the production of cork tree bark, the country ranks second in the world (after Portugal). Maritime pine is used to obtain resin and turpentine. There are 15 enterprises for the production of pulp and more than 100 for paper in the industry. The production of paper and cardboard is 6 million tons, pulp – almost 2 million tons. The industry’s enterprises are located in the autonomous communities of Castile-Leon, Andalusia and Castile-la-Mancha.

    Woodworking and furniture industries are closely connected with the timber industry. The woodworking industry includes the production of semi-finished products (wood, boards, panels) and finished products (packaging, furniture, joinery and carpentry). The industry employs over 18 thousand enterprises employing more than 100 thousand people. The total sales amount to almost €9 billion. The industry operates throughout Spain, but their largest number is concentrated in three regions: Catalonia (18%), the Valencian Community (13) and Andalusia (12%).

    For the furniture industry, the key factors are: design, variety of styles, quality, standardization, customer focus, process automation. The following segments are produced at the enterprises of the industry: furniture for home, offices, bathroom, kitchen furniture, garden furniture, furniture for public spaces, mattresses, lattices, nets and stands for them. There are 8.7 thousand enterprises operating in the furniture industry, the value of their products is estimated at about €8.5 billion. About 110 thousand people are employed in the industry. Regarding the geographical distribution of enterprises, the leader is the Valencian Community (21.7%), followed by Catalonia (16.6%) and the Madrid Region (12%). In terms of furniture production, Spain ranks 5th in the EU. The largest buyers of furniture are France (28% of production), Portugal (15%) and the UK (7%).

    The ceramics industry plays an important role in the Spanish economy. It accounts for 0.5% of GDP and 1.5% of the country’s exports. Currently, Spain, together with Italy, is the largest producer of ceramic tiles in the European Union (over 40%) and the second largest manufacturer in the world, behind only China. The volume of production of ceramic tiles is 10% of the total world production
    . More than half of Spanish coatings are exported. Ceramic tiles are sold in more than 180 countries around the world.