Legends r: Add legends to plots in R software : the easiest way! – Easy Guides – Wiki

Опубликовано: February 24, 2023 в 1:51 am

Автор: alexxlab

Категории: Miscellaneous

Add legends to plots in R software : the easiest way! – Easy Guides – Wiki

R legend function
Title, text font and background color of the legend box
Border of the legend box
Specify legend position by keywords
- Example 1: line plot
- Example 2: box plot
Infos

The goal of this article is to show you how to add legends to plots using R statistical software.

To add legends to plots in R, the R legend() function can be used. A simplified format of the function is :

legend(x, y=NULL, legend, fill, col, bg)

x and y : the x and y co-ordinates to be used to position the legend
legend : the text of the legend
fill : colors to use for filling the boxes beside the legend text
col : colors of lines and points beside the legend text
bg : the background color for the legend box.

Example :

# Generate some data
x

To avoid repeating the above R code, we can create a custom plot function as follow :

makePlot

The arguments below can be used :

title: The title of the legend
text.font: an integer specifying the font style of the legend text; possible values are :
- 1: normal
- 2: bold
- 3: italic
- 4: bold and italic
bg: background color of the legend box

makePlot()
# Add a legend to the plot
legend(1, 95, legend=c("Line 1", "Line 2"),
       col=c("red", "blue"), lty=1:2, cex=0.8,
       title="Line types", text.font=4, bg='lightblue')

The arguments box.lty, box.lwd and box.col can be used to modify the line type, width and color for the legend box border, respectively.

# Remove legend border using box.lty = 0
makePlot()
legend(1, 95, legend=c("Line 1", "Line 2"),
       col=c("red", "blue"), lty=1:2, cex=0.8,
       box.lty=0)
# Change the border
makePlot()
legend(1, 95, legend=c("Line 1", "Line 2"),
       col=c("red", "blue"), lty=1:2, cex=0.8,
       box.lty=2, box.lwd=2, box.col="green")

The position of the legend can be specified also using the following keywords : "bottomright", "bottom", "bottomleft", "left", "topleft", "top", "topright", "right" and "center".

The effect of using each of these keywords are shown in the figure below :

Example 1: line plot

#  Example 1: line plot
makePlot()
legend("topleft", legend=c("Line 1", "Line 2"),
       col=c("red", "blue"), lty=1:2, cex=0.8)

Example 2: box plot

attach(mtcars)
boxplot(mpg~cyl, 
        xlab="Cylinders", ylab="Miles/(US) gallon", 
        col=topo.colors(3))
   
legend("bottomleft", inset=.02, title="Number of Cylinders",
   c("4","6","8"), fill=topo. colors(3), horiz=TRUE, cex=0.8)

Note that the argument fill indicates the colors to use for filling the boxes beside the legend text

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Add Legend to Plot in R

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Last Updated :
16 May, 2021

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Legends are useful to add more information to the plots and enhance the user readability. It involves the creation of titles, indexes, placement of plot boxes in order to create a better understanding of the graphs plotted. The in-built R function legend() can be used to add legend to plot.

Syntax: legend(x, y, legend, fill, col, bg, lty, cex, title, text.font, bg)

Parameters:

x and y: These are co-ordinates to be used to position the legend

legend: Text of the legend

fill: Colors to use for filling the boxes of legend text

col: Colors of lines

bg: It defines background color for the legend box.

title: Legend title (optional)

text.font: An integer specifying the font style of the legend (optional)

Returns: Legend plot

After normally visualizing our plot, to add legend to it only appropriate arguments with required values are to be given to the legend() function. 2

plot(x, y, col="blue")

lines(z, y ,col="red")

legend(2, 4, legend=c("Equation 1", "Equation 2"),

fill = c("blue","red")

)

Output

The legend box in the graph can be customized to suit the requirements in order to convey more information and add aesthetics to the graph at the same time. Given below are properties of legends basing which they can be customized:

title: The title of the legend box that can be declared to understand what the index of the indicates
position : Indicator of the placement of the legend box ; which can have the possible options : “bottomright”, “bottom”, “bottomleft”, “left”, “topleft”, “top”, “topright”, “right” and “center”
bty (Default : o) : The type of box to enclose the legend . Different types of letters can be used, where the box shape is equivalent to the letter shape. For instance, “n” can be used for no box.
bg: A background colour can be assigned to the legend box
box.lwd : Indicator of the line width of the legend box
box.lty : Indicator of the line type of the legend box
box.col : Indicator of the line color of the legend box

When appropriate values are applied to these properties, and they are then passed to the legend() function the required customization is achieved. 2

plot(x, y, col="blue")

lines(z, y ,col="red")

legend(x = "topleft", box.col = "brown",

bg ="yellow", box.lwd = 2 , title="EQUATIONS",

legend=c("Equation 1", "Equation 2"),

fill = c("blue","red"))

Output

The text of the legend function can also be customized for better styling using the following properties:

text. font: A numerical value which is an indicator of the font style of the legend text. It has the following values :(1 – normal 2- bold, 3 – italic, 4 – bold and italic)
text.col : Which is used to indicate the color of the text used to write legend text
border (Default : black) : Indicator of the border color of the boxes inside the legend box
fill_color : colors used for filling boxes

Example:

R

x<-20:1

y=x

z= x*(1/4)

plot(x, y, lty = 4,col="blue")

lines(y, z ,lty = 6,col="orange")

legend(x = "topleft", lty = c(4,6), text. font = 4,

col= c("blue","orange"),text.col = "blue",

legend=c("Equation 1", "Equation 2"))

Output

Change Legend Size in Base R Plot

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