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Опубликовано: December 25, 2022 в 2:45 pm

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Daycare in Willowbrook, IL for Ages 6 weeks to 12 years

KinderCare has partnered with Willowbrook families for more than 50 years to provide award-winning early education programs and high-quality childcare in Willowbrook, IL.

Whether you are looking for a preschool in Willowbrook, a trusted part-time or full-time daycare provider, or educational before- or after-school programs, KinderCare offers fun and learning at an affordable price.

  1. Willowbrook KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 321-1427

    700 Plainfield Rd
    Willowbrook
    IL
    60527

    Distance from address: 0.53 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  2. Darien KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 964-9094

    7906 Cass Ave
    Darien
    IL
    60561

    Distance from address: 2. 63 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  3. Fairview KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 963-6780

    6222 Fairview Ave
    Downers Grove
    IL
    60516

    Distance from address: 3.04 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 6 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  4. Highland Avenue KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 963-4020

    3905 Highland Ave
    Downers Grove
    IL
    60515

    Distance from address: 4. 97 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 6 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  5. Woodridge North KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 852-2611

    7040 N Woodward Ave
    Woodridge
    IL
    60517

    Distance from address: 5.00 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  6. Woodridge South KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 852-4485

    7450 Woodward Ave
    Woodridge
    IL
    60517

    Distance from address: 5. 09 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  7. Westbrook KinderCare

    Phone:
    (708) 562-7115

    1 Westbrook Corporate Ctr Ste 135
    Westchester
    IL
    60154

    Distance from address: 5.55 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 6 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  8. Meyers Road KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 620-0440

    1214 S Meyers Rd
    Lombard
    IL
    60148

    Distance from address: 6. 88 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  9. Palos Hills KinderCare

    Phone:
    (708) 599-2225

    9906 S Roberts Rd
    Palos Hills
    IL
    60465

    Distance from address: 7.32 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  10. Glen Ellyn KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 858-9333

    2 South 726 Route 53
    Glen Ellyn
    IL
    60137

    Distance from address: 7. 50 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 6 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  11. Lemont KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 257-1142

    12404 Archer Ave
    Lemont
    IL
    60439

    Distance from address: 7.52 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  12. Lisle KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 964-1944

    1640 Eisenhower Ln
    Lisle
    IL
    60532

    Distance from address: 7. 73 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  13. Barbers Corner KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 739-0129

    130 Barbers Corner Rd
    Bolingbrook
    IL
    60440

    Distance from address: 7.91 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  14. Lisle College Road KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 369-0988

    6420 College Rd
    Lisle
    IL
    60532

    Distance from address: 8. 38 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  15. Seneca Lane KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 759-4081

    530 Seneca Ln
    Bolingbrook
    IL
    60440

    Distance from address: 9.07 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  16. Lombard KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 495-6539

    249 W Saint Charles Rd
    Lombard
    IL
    60148

    Distance from address: 9. 18 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  17. Elmhurst KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 832-3153

    556 W North Ave
    Elmhurst
    IL
    60126

    Distance from address: 9.46 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  18. Wheaton KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 690-4848

    100 E Loop Rd
    Wheaton
    IL
    60189

    Distance from address: 9. 47 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 6 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  19. Pinewood Drive KinderCare

    Phone:
    (708) 403-8990

    14301 Pinewood Dr
    Orland Park
    IL
    60467

    Distance from address: 9.84 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  20. John Humphrey Drive KinderCare

    Phone:
    (708) 349-4990

    14632 John Humphrey Dr
    Orland Park
    IL
    60462

    Distance from address: 10. 94 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  21. East Naperville KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 305-9075

    380 W 87th St
    Naperville
    IL
    60565

    Distance from address: 11.29 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  22. Benedetti Drive KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 369-3050

    889 Benedetti Dr
    Naperville
    IL
    60563

    Distance from address: 11. 67 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  23. W 75th St Knowledge Beginnings

    Phone:
    (630) 357-8263

    812 W 75th St
    Naperville
    IL
    60565

    Distance from address: 11.71 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  24. Weber Road KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 759-9227

    895 S Weber Rd
    Bolingbrook
    IL
    60490

    Distance from address: 12. 03 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  25. South Naperville KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 778-8767

    1239 Rickert Dr
    Naperville
    IL
    60540

    Distance from address: 12.32 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  26. Glendale Heights KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 682-9222

    1470 Bloomingdale Rd
    Glendale Heights
    IL
    60139

    Distance from address: 12. 42 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  27. Naperville West KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 961-9400

    1228 W Ogden Ave
    Naperville
    IL
    60563

    Distance from address: 12.45 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  28. Bensenville KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 766-2727

    324 E Green St
    Bensenville
    IL
    60106

    Distance from address: 12. 69 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  29. Dianas Lake KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 629-6145

    950 N Lombard Rd
    Addison
    IL
    60101

    Distance from address: 12.86 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  30. Bloomingdale KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 351-1302

    355 S Glen Ellyn Rd.
    Bloomingdale
    IL
    60108

    Distance from address: 13.23 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  31. East Carol Stream KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 665-1441

    140 N Gary Ave
    Carol Stream
    IL
    60188

    Distance from address: 13.37 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  32. Naperville KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 983-9988

    1550 W Diehl Rd
    Naperville
    IL
    60563

    Distance from address: 13. 58 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  33. Winfield KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 690-6116

    27 West 151 Geneva Road
    Winfield
    IL
    60190

    Distance from address: 13.69 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  34. North Glendale Hts KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 980-8222

    2264 Bloomingdale Rd
    Glendale Heights
    IL
    60139

    Distance from address: 14. 01 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  35. Oak Park Ave. KinderCare

    Phone:
    (708) 429-7277

    16100 Oak Park Ave
    Tinley Park
    IL
    60477

    Distance from address: 14.14 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  36. West Naperville KinderCare

    Phone:
    (630) 978-9178

    4335 Montgomery Rd
    Naperville
    IL
    60564

    Distance from address: 14. 35 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  37. Oak Forest KinderCare

    Phone:
    (708) 535-2233

    15700 Central Ave
    Oak Forest
    IL
    60452

    Distance from address: 14.60 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  38. 179th Street KinderCare

    Phone:
    (708) 444-0906

    9460 179th St
    Tinley Park
    IL
    60487

    Distance from address: 14. 81 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

Daycare, Preschool & Child Care Centers in Willowbrook, CA

KinderCare has partnered with Willowbrook families for more than 50 years to provide award-winning early education programs and high-quality childcare in Willowbrook, CA.

Whether you are looking for a preschool in Willowbrook, a trusted part-time or full-time daycare provider, or educational before- or after-school programs, KinderCare offers fun and learning at an affordable price.

  1. MLK Jr Learning Center

    Phone:
    (424) 338-1980

    12029 S. Wilmington Ave
    Los Angeles
    CA
    90059

    Distance from address: 1.02 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 6 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  2. Rancho Los Amigos KinderCare

    Phone:
    (562) 385-7981

    7755 Golondrinas St
    Downey
    CA
    90242

    Distance from address: 5.55 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 5 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  3. Harbor-UCLA KinderCare

    Phone:
    (310) 222-4274

    975 W Carson St
    Torrance
    CA
    90502

    Distance from address: 6. 24 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 5 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  4. Greenwood Avenue KinderCare

    Phone:
    (310) 320-4429

    1520 Greenwood Ave
    Torrance
    CA
    90503

    Distance from address: 7.32 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 5 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  5. County Kids Place KinderCare

    Phone:
    (213) 699-7340

    2916 S Hope St
    Los Angeles
    CA
    90007

    Distance from address: 7. 50 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 6 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  6. Hope Street Friends KinderCare

    Phone:
    (213) 229-2804

    330 S Hope St Suite 3-010
    Los Angeles
    CA
    90071

    Distance from address: 9.41 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 6 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  7. Belmont Shore KinderCare

    Phone:
    (562) 961-8882

    5251 E Las Lomas St
    Long Beach
    CA
    90815

    Distance from address: 11. 70 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 5 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  8. Cerritos KinderCare

    Phone:
    (562) 924-8718

    18727 Carmenita Rd
    Cerritos
    CA
    90703

    Distance from address: 12.56 miles

    Ages: 2 months to 6 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  9. Whittier KinderCare

    Phone:
    (562) 947-7100

    10704 Scott Ave
    Whittier
    CA
    90604

    Distance from address: 14. 67 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

Daycare, Preschool & Child Care Centers in Willowbrook Road, NY

KinderCare has partnered with Willowbrook Road families for more than 50 years to provide award-winning early education programs and high-quality childcare in Willowbrook Road, NY.

Whether you are looking for a preschool in Willowbrook Road, a trusted part-time or full-time daycare provider, or educational before- or after-school programs, KinderCare offers fun and learning at an affordable price.

  1. KinderCare at Kenilworth

    Phone:
    (908) 620-1391

    25 Market St
    Kenilworth
    NJ
    07033

    Distance from address: 9. 16 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  2. Clark KinderCare

    Phone:
    (732) 340-1900

    89 Terminal Ave
    Clark
    NJ
    07066

    Distance from address: 9.48 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  3. New York Plaza KinderCare

    Phone:
    (212) 513-7367

    4 NY Plaza Suite 104
    New York
    NY
    10004

    Distance from address: 9. 58 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 5 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  4. Cobble Hill KinderCare

    Phone:
    (718) 260-8186

    112 Atlantic Ave
    Brooklyn
    NY
    11201

    Distance from address: 9.61 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 3 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  5. Park Slope KinderCare

    Phone:
    (718) 398-1813

    802 Union Street
    Brooklyn
    NY
    11215

    Distance from address: 9. 85 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 3 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  6. KinderCare FiDi NYC

    Phone:
    (212) 349-2423

    101 John St
    New York
    NY
    10038

    Distance from address: 10.05 miles

    Ages: 12 Weeks to 4 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  7. KinderCare Learning Center at Newark

    Phone:
    (973) 623-0182

    132/142 Cabinet Street
    Newark
    NJ
    07107

    Distance from address: 10. 13 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  8. Tribeca KinderCare

    Phone:
    (212) 962-1316

    311 Greenwich St
    New York
    NY
    10013

    Distance from address: 10.32 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 5 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  9. North Williamsburg KinderCare

    Phone:
    (718) 387-0192

    17 N 6th St
    Brooklyn
    NY
    11249

    Distance from address: 12. 26 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 5 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  10. Park Avenue KinderCare

    Phone:
    (212) 661-1021

    90 Park Ave
    New York
    NY
    10016

    Distance from address: 13.18 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 5 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

  11. KinderCare at Middletown

    Phone:
    (732) 787-7000

    245 Leonardville Rd
    Belford
    NJ
    07718

    Distance from address: 13. 28 miles

    Ages: 6 weeks to 12 years
    Open:

    Tuition & Openings

The ugly truth about human vaccine testing: things to remember when testing COVID-19 drugs

Coronavirus vaccine trials that involve intentionally infecting healthy volunteers brought to mind some of the most controversial medical experiments in history. One is the infection of dozens of children at Willowbrook with a potentially fatal disease in search of a hepatitis vaccine. As before, the work of scientists raises the question: is it really necessary to risk the health of a few people for the benefit of many?

Nina Galen was ten years old when she became a participant in one of the most controversial experiments in American history. Her mother, Diana McCourt, was looking for an institution that would take care of her daughter with severe autism. “I was desperate,” McCourt says now, more than half a century later. “I think I had a nervous breakdown because I was trying to take care of everything at once.”

Ultimately, McCourt chose Willowbrook Public School, an orphanage for children and adults with severe developmental disabilities on Staten Island, New York. But to get Nina into a crowded institution, she had to make a deal with the devil: let her daughter be used in the search for a hepatitis vaccine. “I didn’t have a choice,” McCourt says. “I tried so many different places and so many treatment regimens, but nothing worked. Therefore, I agreed to this proposal.

Nina was one of more than fifty children with mental health problems, aged five to ten, treated by Dr. Saul Krugman, a respected pediatrician in New York. He wanted to find out if there were many strains of hepatitis and if a vaccine could be invented to protect against the disease. Krugman and his partner, Dr. Joan Giles, were testing a trial vaccine against the disease that has killed millions of people around the world on the people of Willowbrook. From 1955 to 1970, children were injected with the virus or given chocolate milk mixed with the feces of infected children to study their immunity.

College of Staten Island Archives

For much of human history, hepatitis has caused terrible epidemics. Hippocrates wrote about its symptoms, which include fever, liver inflammation and yellowing of the skin, in the fifth century BC. We now know that there are several viruses (hepatitis A, B, and C are the best known), but in the first half of the 20th century, researchers knew of only one form of the disease, which was then called infectious hepatitis.

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The search for a vaccine became especially significant for the United States during World War II, when hepatitis struck more than 50,000 American soldiers. To combat this and other diseases, the Office of the Chief Military Surgeon created the Epidemiological Council of the Armed Forces.

In the early 1950s, Dr. Krugman, a former US Air Force aviation doctor, presented his project to the council: he wanted a hepatitis vaccine and knew the ideal location for his research. Willowbrook was overcrowded, the disease was already raging there, and at that time vaccines were often tested on children.

The practice dates back to vaccination pioneer Edward Jenner, who used an eight-year-old boy as the first test subject for his revolutionary smallpox vaccine in the late 18th century. The Willowbrook experiments were based on challenge, in which patients are deliberately infected with the virus to see if a particular drug will help protect against the disease.

“He believed he was helping the children at the orphanage fight the epidemic,” says Dr. Krugman’s son Richard, a pediatrician at the Children’s Hospital in Colorado and former chairman of the American Council on Child Abuse. “He certainly thought he was contributing to infectious disease research.”

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Undoubtedly, Dr. Krugman has accelerated the development of a hepatitis vaccine, but the ethical side of his experiment has again become the focus during a discussion of the use of challenge in COVID-19 vaccine trials. Many politicians, medical ethicists and scientists have backed the idea, which involves giving healthy volunteers a dose of an unproven vaccine and deliberately infecting them with the coronavirus to see if the drug provides protection.

Unlike the Willowbrook studies, healthy adult volunteers will participate in clinical trials of the COVID-19 vaccine. However, the current trials and experiments at Willowbrook raise the same question: Is it really necessary – or right – to risk the health of a few people for the benefit of many?

Monkey trials ‘too expensive’

Saul Krugman first arrived at Willowbrook’s pastoral Staten Island campus in 1955. Large brick buildings in the shape of the letter P, covering an area of ​​40,000 square meters. m, were surrounded by a lush green forest. There was a blue-and-yellow carousel at the entrance to the site, and on their first visit, everyone called this place charming, like a summer camp. Inside, however, Willowbrook was a nightmare.

The asylum opened in 1947 and was designed for 4,000 people, but more than 6,000 patients lived there permanently. Infections and neglect were everywhere, and many patients died due to abuse and lack of treatment. In 1965, New York Senator Robert Kennedy arrived at Willowbrook unannounced and was shocked. “Civil liberties do not exist for those placed in Willowbrook’s cells,” he later told Congress, calling the facility a “lunatic asylum.”

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Dr. Krugman and Dr. Giles used the conditions at the orphanage to their advantage to recruit new families into research. Despite the well-documented horrors, Willowbrook remained the only option for children with severe disabilities and had a long waiting list. Dr. Krugman offered several parents, including Nina Galen’s mother, the opportunity to skip the line and arrange for their children to have new, cleaner research rooms with more staff – on the condition that they become participants in the experiments. “I felt compelled,” McCourt says. “I felt that if I didn’t agree to this, I would be denied help.”

In addition, Krugman told parents that since Willowbrook already had a hepatitis outbreak, their children might at least get a chance at a vaccine. McCourt recalls being told that her daughter would get an “antidote” for hepatitis if she joined the experiment. When she asked why hepatitis research couldn’t be done on monkeys, she was told it was “too expensive” to use animals.

Dr. Krugman understood the ambiguity of the situation in which he infects children with mental disorders with a potentially fatal disease. However, he considered the risk justified. “The decision to infect Willowbrook’s patients with the hepatitis virus was not an easy one for us,” he wrote in an article published in 1958 in the New England Journal of Medicine. He noted that the strain of hepatitis used in the Willowbrook experiments was not severe, that most children would have been infected anyway, and that all the findings from the studies would be useful to other patients. He also stressed that the study had received approval from the New York City Department of Mental Hygiene and the Armed Forces Epidemiology Board under the Office of the Chief Military Surgeon.

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As part of the experiment, healthy children were also infected with the virus through a formula based on chocolate milk. Doctors later figured out what dose was required for children to develop symptoms of hepatitis. They let them recover and then re-infect them. These experiments were necessary to find out whether a recovered patient becomes immune from hepatitis or can become infected again.

After completing each phase of the trial, Dr. Krugman published the results in prestigious medical journals such as the New England Journal of Medicine, the Lancet, and the Journal of the American Medical Association. His experiments received mixed reactions from the medical community upon their first publication. In 1966, medical ethicist Henry Beecher published an article entitled “Ethics and Clinical Research” in which he referred to the Willowbrook trials as an example of an unethical clinical experiment. In conclusion, the author wrote that “no one has the right to risk harming one person for the benefit of others. ”

Five years later, the Lancet editors apologized for not being more skeptical about the publication of Dr. Krugman’s research. “The Willowbrook experiments have always been associated with the hope of one day stopping the spread of hepatitis,” the journal editors wrote, “but this does not justify infecting children who did not directly benefit from the research.” A year later, Krugman had to fight off protesters at a medical conference in Atlantic City.

“I think he was often criticized by people who didn’t understand the context or the state of affairs in this institution,” says Richard Krugman. “Undoubtedly, the politics of the time played a role.”

“The conditions were terrible”

Dr. Krugman had as many admirers as he had detractors. New York State Senator Seymour Thaler, who initially criticized the hepatitis vaccine experiments, later said that Krugman “had achieved outstanding results. ” Former editor of the New England Journal of Medicine, Dr. Franz Ingelfinger, also supported his research. “How much better for a patient to have hepatitis, whether accidentally or intentionally acquired, under the supervision of Krugman, and not a fanatic,” he wrote.

Not only did Dr. Krugman discover strains of hepatitis A and B, but he “certainly accelerated the development of a hepatitis B vaccine,” says Paul Offit, pediatrician and director of the Center for Vaccine Education at Philadelphia Children’s Hospital. However, he adds: “I don’t think there is any justification for infecting a child with a virus that can kill him.”

While members of the medical community were protesting Krugman’s experiments, far more powerful forces were preparing to shut down Willowbrook for good.

In 1972, Geraldo Rivera, then a reporter for a local television station in New York, snuck into the Willowbrook compound and reported on the inhumane conditions there. He was told about the conditions of the patients by Michael Wilkins, a doctor at the shelter who did not take part in the trials of the hepatitis vaccine.

“It’s been almost fifty years and I still have tears in my eyes,” says Rivera, now a correspondent for Fox News. “The conditions were terrible.” Rivera recalls seeing naked children covered in their own feces banging their heads against a wall. “I think I felt like the soldiers who freed prisoners from concentration camps.”

Around the same time, the truth about the infamous Tuskegee Syphilis Study, in which scientists deliberately left hundreds of black men untreated, came to light. Some of them died from this disease, although the cure was already known. The Willowbrook trials continued a long list of experiments on children, prison inmates, psychiatric patients, and minorities, with the Tuskegee study being the final straw.

April 04, 1972. Willowbrook Public School on Staten Island ·Frank Leonardo·New York Post Archives·Getty Images

Nevertheless, Dr. Krugman was rewarded for his work at Willowbrook. That year he became president of the American Society of Pediatrics.

In 1974, the United States passed the National Research Act to establish regulations for the protection of test subjects in human experiments. Among the steps taken was the creation of an ethics working group, a national commission for the protection of people involved in biomedical and behavioral research. “Perhaps the National Commission would never have come into being if it hadn’t been for Willowbrook, Tuskegee and a few other cases,” says Karen LeBac, one of the commission’s first members.

By 1979, the commission had published the Belmont Report, a comprehensive set of fundamental ethical principles that should underpin modern clinical trials. The National Research Act also provided for the creation of institutional review boards, independent committees that still review the ethical aspects of human clinical trials.

Unnecessary risk

In addition to possible ethical dilemmas, the current challenge-controlled coronavirus vaccine trials have something in common with the Willowbrook experiments: they may not be needed. Dr. Krugman is credited with speeding up the development of a hepatitis vaccine, but other researchers were already close without him. At the end of 19In the 1960s, Dr. Baruch Blumberg independently discovered the hepatitis B virus and in 1969, together with Dr. Irving Millman, published the results of the first test of a vaccine on a patient. Blumberg did all the research by collecting blood samples and testing liver function from children and adults who were already infected. The results of this work brought Blumberg the Nobel Prize in Medicine.

If the coronavirus vaccine challenge trial is approved, there is no guarantee that it will speed up vaccine development. The US government’s coronavirus vaccine initiative could be called “Operation FTL”, but Christine Grady, head of bioethics at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, says test design takes a lot of time and preparation.

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“It’s not clear whether challenge trials will even speed up the vaccine testing process,” says Grady. Her husband, Dr. Anthony Fauci, is the head of the National Institute for the Study of Allergic and Infectious Diseases. Paul Offit agrees with her: “You need to choose the right dose. And to choose the right dose, you need to conduct such mini-tests, he says. “I don’t think that will happen.”

Karen Leback, co-author of the Belmont Report, is also concerned about accelerated COVID-19 vaccine testing protocols. “When people are desperate,” she says, “they are always ready to lower ethical standards.”

Saul Krugman’s controversial experiments at Willowbrook were just the beginning of his colorful career. He later became head of the Department of Pediatrics at New York University School of Medicine, was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences, authored a classic textbook on childhood infectious diseases, won the prestigious Lasker Award, and was involved in the development of the first rubella and measles vaccines.

A lifelong advocate for the Willowbrook trials, he wrote in 1986: “I am convinced today, as I was then, that our research was ethical and justified.” Krugman died in 1995, and Willowbrook was only briefly mentioned in his New York Times obituary.

To this day, while many modern ethicists cite the Willowbrook research as an example of unjustified human experimentation, there are those who take a different view. “It’s a tough question,” Grady says. In her opinion, “Krugman’s main goal was to understand the disease.” “But I think that some aspects of his activities certainly looked dubious and would hardly have received approval today,” she notes.

Mike Wilkins, the Willowbrook doctor who helped his parents close the facility in 1987, doesn’t think the experiments are that clear either. “I don’t want to crucify Krugman,” he says now. “Hepatitis B is, God knows, an international disease for which we now have a vaccine. But let’s never do that again.”

10 billionaires who make money on drugs and tests to combat COVID-19

8 photos

Translation by Natalia Balabantseva

hotels in Willowbrook – Booking.com

Stars

5 stars
4 stars
3 stars
2 stars
1 star

Review score

Excellent: 9+
Very good: 8+
Good: 7+
Fairly good: 6+

Our recommendations
Lowest price at the beginning
Number of stars and price
Rating + number of reviews

La Quinta Inn by Wyndham Chicago Willowbrook

3 stars

Hotel in Willowbrook

La Quinta in Willowbrook is located 20.9 km from Chicago Midway International Airport. Free Wi-Fi is available. A continental breakfast is served daily.
The staff and the beds are comfortable.

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5.7

Review score

440 reviews

Price from

€77

per night

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Red Roof Inn PLUS+ Chicago – Willowbrook

3 stars

Hotel in Willowbrook

Red Roof Inn PLUS+ Chicago – Willowbrook is a 10-minute drive from Oakbrook Center Mall and one mile from Interstate 55.
The staff ran by Crystal and Vincent are all friendly and courteous. Crystal goes over and beyond to ensure visitors accommodations are met. If you are a business traveler that is visiting Chicago and want a economical but excel place to stay this is it.

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5.8

Review score

283 reviews

Price from

€91

per night

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Delta Hotels by Marriott Chicago Willowbrook

4 stars

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Hotel in Willowbrook

Located off Interstate 55, this Willowbrook, Illinois hotel features a restaurant and rooms with free Wi-Fi and cable TV.
clean and bright room w a great shower! in room ac / heater system very easy to use! located near food facilities and target. very comfortable and clean room

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8.2

Very good

188 reviews

Price from

€ 135

per night

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SpringHill Suites by Marriott Chicago SW Burr Ridge/Hinsdale

3 stars

Hotel in Burr Ridge

This Burr Ridge, Illinois hotel is 25 minutes’ drive from Chicago. It offers free parking and Wi-Fi in every non-smoking suite.
The staff was very friendly and the place was clean; it made me feel safe.
Lobby smells really nice.
My bedroom was comfortable and clean as well

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8. 1

Very good

201 reviews

Price from

€ 146

per night

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Hampton Inn & Suites Chicago-Burr Ridge

3 stars

Hotel in Burr Ridge

Hampton Inn & Suites Chicago-Burr Ridge is located in Burr Ridge. With free WiFi, this 3-star hotel offers concierge services and luggage storage space.
The staff, room, breakfast great

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9.1

Superb

229 reviews

Price from

€143

per night

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Crowne Plaza Chicago SW – Burr Ridge, an IHG Hotel

3 stars

Hotel in Burr Ridge

Crowne Plaza Chicago SW – Burr Ridge is located off Interstate 55 in Burr Ridge, 30 minutes’ drive from downtown Chicago.
Everyone was exceptionally nice and friendly. Breakfast was good and our room was clean. Bed was comfortable

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8.2

Very good

164 reviews

Price from

€ 138

per night

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Extended Stay America Suites – Chicago – Burr Ridge

2 stars

Hotel in Burr Ridge

Extended Stay America – Chicago – Burr Ridge is located in Burr Ridge and is designed for longer stays. All rooms have a fully equipped kitchen.
good value for money.
Kitchen in room.
shopping mall at short distance.

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7.4

Good

155 reviews

Price from

€ 91

per night

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Chicago Marriott Southwest at Burr Ridge

3 stars

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Hotel in Burr Ridge

Located 13 miles from Midway International Airport, this hotel has a restaurant, an indoor swimming pool and a well-equipped gym. Free parking is available onsite.
Excellent food & service at breakfast.
Special thanks to Caroline at the front desk. Upon arrival she accommodated our request for a room change to one with a better view. She was so nice about it and made the change immediately. She made a point to greet us coming & going. She also provided us with a complimentary breakfast. so thoughtful. She was a delight & is a tremendous asset to your organization.

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8.6

Fabulous

137 reviews

Price from

€ 157

per night

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American Inn & Suites

2 stars

Countryside (Near Willowbrook)

This motel is located in Countryside, 8 miles from the Brookfield Zoo and the Brookfield Woods. All rooms have cable TV with HBO channels and free Wi-Fi.
Very accommodating and perfect location

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4.6

Review score

38 reviews

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Chicago Club Inn & Suite

3 stars

Hotel in Westmont

Located in Westmont, Illinois, this hotel is just 11.3 km from the Brookfield Zoo. The comfortable rooms have free Wi-Fi.
Great place during COVID to have a get away with family .

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5.7

Review Score

599 reviews

Price from

€81

per night

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See all hotels in and around Willowbrook

Base hotels in Willowbrook

Customers should review government travel guidance to confirm eligibility and requirements for travel. See travelguidance.marriott.com.

The health and safety of our guests is our top priority: COVID-19updates and what to expect at our hotel.

Plan a successful business trip or relaxing getaway when you stay at Delta Hotels Chicago Willowbrook. The hotel features spacious rooms, complimentary Wi-Fi, on-site dining, a fitness center, a seasonal outdoor pool and flexible event space.

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In this hotel

Restaurant Service

Determination of lunch from a local restaurant to number

Services in the rooms

Shop-kiosk

Breakfast

СО СО) of 15.00 USD 9,000 Restaurant

Open for breakfast, lunch and dinner Dress code: Casual

Other nearby options

American, 4.8 KM

Cooper’s Hawk Winery and Restaurant

Open for lunch and dinner Dress code: Casual Phone: +1 630-887-0123

More details

American, 5. 3 KM

Hampton Social

9011 Open for lunch and dinner Phone: +1 630-219-0009

More details

Pizza, 2.1 KM

Giordano’s

Open for lunch and dinner Dress code: Casual Phone: +1 630-325-6710

5 More details

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Fitness Center

Equipment and services
  • Cardio equipment
  • Free weights

Swimming

Swimming pool

    • Attractions

      Brookfield Zoo

      8400 31st Street (1st Avenue and 31st Street),

      19.3 km NE from hotel

      Waterfall Glen Forest Preserve

      Waterfall Glen Forest Preserve

      3.9 km N from hotel

      Graue Mill and Museum

      3800 York Road

      9.7 km N from hotel

      Morton Arboretum

      3 4100 IL N from the hotel

      Willowbrook Ice Arena

      201 63RD Street

      3. 7 km N from the hotel

      Forge Adventure Park

      1001 Main ST

      JV SW from the hotel

      RIVERWALK PARK

      20.1 km from hotel

      Family and children’s events

      20.9 KM

      Sea Lion Aquatic Center

      Phone: “+1 630 9643410; Ext = 2”

      Plat

      19.3 KM

      BROOKFILD 40.2 km

      Museum of Science and Industry

      Airport Information

      Chicago Midway International Airport (MDW)

      MDW

      Airport phone: +1 773-838-0600

      Hotel location: 24.1 km SW

      We do not have a shuttle service.

      Go to the website of the airport MDW

      Chicago O’Hare International Airport (ORD)

      ORD

      Airport phone: +1 800-832-6352

      Hotel location: 34.3 km SW

      We do not have a shuttle service .

      Go to the website of the airport ORD

      Organize an event

      For more information on rates and availability, please send your requirements to our event planners.

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      Learn more about event planning

      Meetings & ConferencesHolidays & Weddings

      Organize an inspirational event

      Member booking tools

      We will provide you with a personalized free link to the booking page where your guests can book their own rooms.

      • Send an email invitation
      • Embed information in a web page
      • Personalize with group name, event dates, hotel name and special rates
      • Publish to multilingual Marriott sites worldwide

      Effective event planning

      Group Lists

      If you have a guest list, we can book for everyone.

      Booked lists

      We can send you a report on which of your guests have booked a room and when they plan to arrive.