Different types of daycare: Types of Childcare – NYC Health

Types of Care – Center for Child Care and Family Resources

There are several child care settings that are available to you. You’ll be better
prepared to observe and select the child care provider and learning environment that
best meet the needs of your child and family if you are familiar with the care settings
available.

Note: All University child care programs include preschool. All preschool programs
do not offer child care. 

Family Child Care Homes

Licensed Family Providers may care for up to eight children (including their own children
under the age of 4) in a private residential setting. Only two children in this setting
may be under the age of 24 months. A Family Home Provider who cares for a total of
six children may care for three infants. Providers are required to meet health and
safety standards set by the Bureau of Child Development, Child Care Licensing.

Family Group Home

Similar to Family Child Care Homes, Family Group Homes are operated by two providers
who care for 8 to 16 children (including their own children under the age of 4) in
a residential setting. Because of the larger group size, providers usually have made
special accommodations in their home to create a safe and healthy educational environment.
Family Group Homes are licensed by the Bureau of Child Development, Child Care Licensing
and required to meet health and safety standards.

Residential Certificate Homes

Child care is provided in a private home for up to eight children. This can include
up to (but not more than) two children under the age of two. Providers must meet many
of the same requirements as a provider licensed by the Bureau of Child Development,
Child Care Licensing  but do not receive as much early childhood training as other
programs.

Center Based Care

Child Care Centers are larger settings where children are cared for in a group away
from their homes for all or part of the day. The many different kinds of Center-based
care include; preschools, parent cooperatives, profit, non-profit and church based.
Some centers care for infants and toddlers while some do not. Many Child Care Centers
have an organized program of activities to help children grow in each developmental
area; others are organized more informally.

In-Home Care or Nanny

A child care provider comes to your home on a regular basis to care for your children.
A live-in or live-out provider resides in your home full or part-time with set hours
available to you for child care. Parents can recruit providers on their own or go
through a nanny agency which offers a finding service. Nannies are not state-licensed
or regulated, but can provide a unique advantage. Nannies may provide a more individualized
attention to your children and may become part of the family.

Shared Care

Shared Care is an arrangement in which you share cost for the hiring of an in-home
caregiver with another family. The provider often divides time between residents.
This type of care is exempt from licensing.

Before and After School Programs

Before and after-school programs care for school-age children before or after school
hours or when schools are on break. Programs can be found in a variety of settings
including child care centers, family child care homes, public schools and community
centers. School-age programs must comply with state standards related to this age
group.

Head Start

Head Start programs offer developmental enrichment preschool classes for children
ages 2 through 5. It is funded through state and federal monies and is free to income-eligible
families.

Preschool Programs

Preschool is a part of all child care, but not all preschools offer childcare.  Preschool
only programs may be found in residential and non-residential settings. They typically
operate for 2 to 4 hours per day, often offering morning and afternoon sessions. They
provide early learning experiences and opportunities to socialize with peers. They
are not monitored by any state agency.

Legally Exempt Child Care

Legally exempt child care is care that is exempt from licensing rules and regulations
by the state because:

1. They care for fewer children than set forth by state child care standards.
2. They operate for less than four hours a day.
3. They are operated by a religious or educationally exempt entity.

Please note that Center for Child Care and Family Resources cannot recommend or place
children in any licensed child care program.   All providers and centers should be
screened carefully. As we do not visit or license any program, we also do not endorse
one program over another.  It is the responsibility of parents to make the final decision
on which program is best for their child and family.

8 Different Types of Child Care Services

Finding childcare can be a huge task and a difficult one. The biggest concern is choosing the best childcare that will keep your child safe and secure. The good news is that there are many options available that will suit your budget and schedule.

Childcare provides a solid foundation for your children. These early years influence your child’s lifetime learning and rapid development. These reasons alone make it essential to choose a reputable childcare center for the wellbeing and successful early development of your child.

You can easily get overwhelmed with a childcare search. Do not despair! There are resource centers that can help with your search and even save time in choosing the suited facility. They will identify your needs and customized the search to meet your specific situation. With their help, you can cross out many facilities off your list and visit only the ones that work best for your situation.

Here are the eight different types of child care services:

Type #1: Childcare Centre

A child care licenced center is highly recommended for your toddlers. This is because the Ministry of Education inspects these centers. These centers have to meet specific provincial standards in terms of health, safety and development needs for each child.

You probably want to find a child care facility that is close to your home or workplace making it convenient to drop and pick your child during the day.

Type #2: Family Day Care

Family day care is different from a childcare center. The most significant difference is that it can be less expensive. This type of child care service offers a home setting for your child so that he or she feels comfortable in a familiar environment.

Children are likely to associate with a mixed age group making it more exciting and less like a classroom. These type of daycare offers a range of activities and a stimulating learning environment in addition to safety and caring for each child’s personal needs.

Type #3: Pre-School or Kindergarten

If you are looking for instructive programs for your child, then the pre-school or kindergarten might be the appropriate choice. These classrooms maintain a certain teacher-child ratio to ensure your child obtains sufficient attention. The schedules are similar to school hours, but some programs extend beyond the regular operating hours which will suit your work schedule.

Placing your child in a pre-school or kindergarten helps to prepare your child for school years. The best part of this type of childcare is that it offers a combination of the instructive program as well as unstructured play time.

Type #4: Nursery School

Nurseries have an age limit. You may be able to send your child from 1 to 3 years. There are no structured programs, and this facility often encourages play, exploration and learning that is self-paced. Generally, the focus is more on play and less on learning.

The benefit is that your child learns while playing with their teachers and peers. Besides, it is through exploring that the child learn and develop their cognitive and social abilities. The goal of the nursery environment is to provide a warm, safe and fun environment for your child.

Type #5: Casual Child Care Services

If you have a part-time job or work from home, you may not want to pay for full-time childcare. However, you might have an important meeting to attend or will have to run an errand. Casual care service is when you need temporary or short term help taking care of your child.

A drop-off childcare service works perfectly for these types of occasions. There are plenty of these facilities available that are located near your residence or place of work. Typically, these services are part of the licenced childcare facilities and other childcare providers.

Type #6: In-Home Child Care

Some providers offer in-home childcare, but this is suited more for children with special needs or disabilities and even autism. If your child is disabled, this might be a better option for the child as they are familiar with the environment and you probably have it set up in a way that makes it easy for him or her to move around the home.

Additionally, if your child is suffering from a chronic illness, you can use these services as they offer nursing and respiratory care at your home.

Type #7: Nanny Care

Sometimes you want a person you can trust that will take care of your child. Interviewing and ensuring the person you hire has a good background handling children would be an ideal person to take care of your child.

This type of child care service will allow the child or children to stay at home, it will save you time in dropping and picking, and you have peace of mind. You can contact the nanny any time to see how your child is doing. Additionally, nannies provide housework as well.

Type #8: Babysitter

Hiring a babysitter is the least expensive option. You have to pay by the hour, and you only need these services when you have a specific appointment. These individuals offer occasional child care for a few hours per day.

Child Care Types – Oregon Early Learning Division

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Child Care Types

Types of Care in Oregon

Types of Care

This table shows you the basics about child care options in Oregon so you know what questions to ask to help you determine what type of care fits your child best.

Child Care Type	License Exempt		Licensed
	Recorded Programs	Regulated Subsidy Provider	Registered Family Child Care	Certified Family Child Care	Certified Child Care Center
What are the care options?	Preschool programs that operate four hours or less per day and school-age programs that aren’t required to be licensed.	Providers eligible for state subsidy reimbursement, but are not required to be licensed. Includes family, friends and some program with limited hours.	Home-based child care program with up to 10 children.	Home-based child care program with up to 16 children.	Center-based child care program with number of children determined by floor space and number of staff.
Is this type of care regulated?	Recorded Programs: self-attest use of criminal background checks	Regulated Subsidy Providers: meet health and safety standards (on-site inspections) comply with comprehensive background checks are regularly monitored participate in ongoing training	Licensed child care: meet higher health, safety and program standards (on-site inspections) comply with comprehensive background checks with Office of Child Care are regularly monitored participate in ongoing training
Which are eligible to accept subsidy dollars?	No. Unless programs meet requirements for regulated subsidy.	These types of care can accept subsidy payments as long as they are listed with Department of Human Services.
Which are licensed?	No. These programs are recorded with the State.	No.	Licensed child care: keep attendance records have planned educational activities have a guidance and discipline policy have a daily routine/schedule are certified to handle food preparation are trained in first aid and CPR are trained in child abuse and neglect participate in ongoing training on child development hearth and safety
Which are eligible for quality ratings?	No.	No.	Eligible to apply for quality rating (3, 4 or 5 stars). Licensed child care: employ staff who meet training and education qualifications use materials, curricula, and activities that help child learn and grow make it their policy to follow best practices in adult-child interaction

Registered Family Child Care

Registered Family Child Care Overview

The general characteristics of a Registered Family Child Care provider are:

• The child care business is in the provider’s own home. A license is limited to one provider per household.
• A maximum number of 10 children are allowed in care at any one time. Of those 10 children, six children may be preschool age or younger, two of the six preschool children may be under 24 months of age. The provider’s own children are included in the number of children in care.
• Prior to a license being issued, changing to a new home address, reopening a license after a lapse in time, or renewing a license every two years, the provider must satisfactorily complete an on-site health and safety review conducted by the Office of Child Care.
• The provider, all other residents of the home, substitute caregivers, and frequent visitors 18 years of age or older must be enrolled in the Office of Child Care’s Central Background Registry.

To find available Registered Family providers in your area, contact 211Info via their website, by dialing 211 toll free, text your zip code to 898211, or email [email protected].

Certified Family Child Care

Certified Family Child Care Overview

The general characteristics of a Certified Family Child Care provider are:

• The child care business is in a single family home, usually the provider’s own home. License is limited to one provider per household. The provider may hire additional staff.
• A maximum number of 12 children (16 children with prior approval by the Office of Child Care) are allowed in care at any one time. The provider’s own children are included in the determination of caregiver/child ratio and group size.
• An environmental health specialist, as well as a licensing specialist from the Office of Child Care must inspect and approve the home prior to a license being issued. Both specialists must conduct an annual inspection before a license is renewed.
• The, provider, all other residents of the home, substitute caregivers, staff, volunteers, and 18 years of age or older must be enrolled in the Office of Child Care’s Central Background Registry.

To find available Certified Family providers in your area, contact 211Info via their website, by dialing 211 toll free, text your zip code to 898211, or email [email protected].

Certified Child Care Center

Certified Child Care Center Overview

The general characteristics of a Certified Child Care Center are:

• The child care business is in a facility that has met zoning, occupancy, and building code requirements; usually a commercial building.
• The maximum number of children allowed in care depends on the square footage of the building, number of qualified staff, and various other factors. The license reflects maximum number of children allowed in care at any one time.
• An environmental health specialist, the local fire department, as well as a licensing specialist from the Office of Child Care must inspect and approve the facility prior to a license being issued. All three inspections must be conducted annually before a license is renewed.
• The director, child care staff, volunteers, or any individual who may have unsupervised contact with child care children during operation hours that are 18 years of age or older must be enrolled in the Office of Child Care’s Central Background Registry.

To find available Certified Child Care Centers in your area, contact 211Info via their website, by dialing 211 toll free, text your zip code to 898211, or email [email protected].

Recorded Programs

Recorded Programs Overview

Being recorded with the Early Learning Division Office of Child Care is different than being licensed, in that there are only two requirements:  (1) Self-attest to completing a criminal background check on all staff and volunteers 18 years of age and older who will have contact with children in the program; and (2) Inform parents about their recorded status and post the program notice in a place where it can be seen.  Unlike a licensed child care facility, the rules for recorded programs are not extensive. The Office of Child Care will not look at staff requirements, ratio of children to adults, equipment, activities or any other aspects of the program. In most cases, Office of Child Care staff will not visit the facility.

There are two types of recorded programs. Preschool Recorded Programs serve children 36 months to 5 years of age, are primarily educational and no child is in the facility more than four hours per day. And School-age Recorded Programs serve child from first grade to 13 years of age, provide youth development activities that are extracurricular in nature and do not take the place of parental care.

Questions?

If you have more questions about Preschool or School-age Recorded Programs check out the FAQ or contact the Office of Child Care at 1-800-556-6616 or email [email protected].

Regulated Subsidy Providers

Regulated Subsidy Provider Overview

A Regulated Subsidy Provider is a non-relative who cares for children whose families are eligible for child care assistance through the Department of Human Services (DHS), but who is not required to be licensed. A Regulated Subsidy Provider (sometimes referred to as a license exempt child care provider) is required to be listed with DHS and to follow new federal regulations for training and allow a visit by the Office of Child Care. Learn more about the changes and the new requirements for Regulated Subsidy Providers through the DHS website.

Background Checks

Licensed Child Care and Regulated Subsidy Providers

All child care staff and any individual who may have unsupervised access to child care children e.g. adults living in the home, volunteers, maintenance staff, the owner, office staff, and regular visitors must be enrolled in the Office of Child Care’s Central Background Registry.  The background check process includes a criminal background check through the Oregon State Police, a record check through Department of Human Services Child Protective Services and the fingerprint based criminal background check through the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

Record Programs

Self-attest a criminal background check is conducted on all staff and volunteers 18 years and older who have contact with children.

Monitoring and Inspection

All licensed child care programs receive a combination of announced and unannounced visits. Certified Child Care Centers and Certified Family Child Care Homes have an announced licensing visit annually. Registered Family Child Care Homes have a licensing visit biennially. In addition the announced licensing visit, all programs receive no less than one unannounced monitoring visit annually. If compliance concerns exist, the program will receive additional unannounced monitoring. The Office of Child Care also responds to complaints alleging rule violations in a program and reports of injuries requiring medical attention. Complaint visits are conducted unannounced.

• Types of Care in Oregon
• Registered Family Child Care
• Certified Family Child Care
• Certified Child Care Center
• Recorded Programs
• Regulated Subsidy Providers
• Background Checks
• Monitoring and Inspection

What is day care and what are the different options?

The term “day care” sounds simple enough, but it’s actually an umbrella term that covers a range of child care options, in which parents drop off their kids, typically during the work day, for learning, socialization and supervision.  Day care can be a full-time center-based program, a part-time, in-home day care or even a Waldorf-focused preschool — the options are endless. Having that kind of choice is a benefit when it comes to finding the best, most flexible care for your children. But let’s be honest: It can also make the child care search confusing.

The good news is, no matter which type of child care you choose, there’s evidence to suggest that kids who participate in some form of high-quality care truly thrive. Studies have shown that children who attend quality day care exhibit better behavior, even into grade school. Academic preschools produce strong readers and children who excel in math. And the social interaction kids get in a day care setting may help them to be better communicators. The question is not whether day care has benefits for kids; the question is what type of child care can best meet your family’s unique needs?

Here Richard Fiene, a child care researcher and retired professor of human development and psychology at Pennsylvania State University, and Katrina Macasaet, a child development expert and content specialist for Zero to Three, help us break down some of the most common forms of day care and preschool to help you decide which ones might be best for your child and family.

Day care options: An overview

Common questions about day cares

What is a day care center?

A day care center is what most people think of when they hear the term “day care.” Centers are special facilities that offer care for children of a variety of ages. They typically have different classrooms designated for different age groups, as well as a space to prepare food and space for outdoor play. Qualified caregivers are hired to work with specific groups of children, from very young infants all the way to school-age children, and teachers must adhere to state guidelines.

Traditional day cares don’t generally follow an academic curriculum. Instead, children may follow a schedule that includes playtime, mealtime, reading time and naptime, but most learning is play-based, which is ideal for young kids.

“Whether it’s pretend play or playing with Play-Doh that works your fine motor muscles in your fingers… we know that children learn best through play-based experiences,” says Macasaet.

Day care centers usually operate during similar hours to most parents’ work schedules, i.e. Monday through Friday from 6:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. Hours can vary, and most centers charge additional fees for late pickups, so it’s important to choose a center with hours that align with your schedule.

What is an in-home day care?

“In-home” day cares are exactly what they sound like: day care programs that take place inside of someone’s home. Fiene notes that many parents of infants prefer in-home child care because it’s typically easier to find one close to your home and many have smaller ratios, allowing them to offer more individualized care. That said, it is important to vet providers thoroughly. Fiene says the provider should see their day care as a business, not a side gig, and parents should choose a licensed and/or accredited provider whenever possible.

There are two main types of in-home day cares:

• Family day care: A family day care has one caregiver who cares for fewer than six children, though the specific amount will be determined by state-defined ratios. These providers may limit themselves to a specific age range or care for children of all ages.
• Group day care: Group child care typically consists of two or more adult caregivers and a larger group of children of varied ages. For example, they may have two adult caregivers caring for seven to 11 children, depending on state ratios. It’s important that the providers have adequate resources and space to support a larger group.

What is a co-op day care?

Co-op care can take place in a home or other setting, such as in a designated co-op space or rented facility. In most co-ops, a group of parents split child care duties with each other. Parents may “swap” child care duties, rotating who hosts day care in their home each week, or they may work in shifts, assuming duties on certain days or during specific hours to accommodate each other’s schedules. Because co-ops are based on the needs of the parents involved with them, they may offer a more flexible schedule. That said, it’s important to make sure that everyone involved in the co-op is on the same page about basic standards of care, hours and the needs of the other families. It’s also important to adhere to state regulations, like ratios and safety guidelines.

Are day cares licensed?

Day care centers: In order to operate, day care centers must be licensed by the state, and the qualifications for licensing vary by state. Typically they include meeting certain health and safety requirements, as well as additional requirements related to training, certifications and background checks for employees. For example, in the state of California, day care center employees must be educated in early childhood development and child to staff ratios require one teacher for every four infants or six toddlers.

In-home day cares: Some states do not require in-home day cares to be licensed. It’s important to review the requirements for your particular state, which can be found by looking at your local state government website or by searching the National Database of Child Care Licensing Regulations.

Can day cares be accredited?

In addition to licensing, day cares can seek accreditation through independent agencies, such as the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC), the National Accreditation Commission for Early Care and Education Programs (NAC), or the National Early Childhood Program Accreditation (NECPA). These agencies are nationally recognized and have a rigorous set of qualifications that day cares must meet, such as specific nutrition standards and required items that must be in the classroom to support learning and play.

According to Fiene, fewer than 10% of U.S. day cares are accredited. While accreditation is not a requirement or a 100% guarantee of quality care, he adds, “It’s a voluntary system and generally it indicates that providers have a real commitment to quality. ”

What’s the difference between day care and preschool?

Preschool is care for children ages 3-5 that is focused on kindergarten readiness and acquiring classroom skills. Day cares, on the other hand, usually include younger kids and there’s less of an academic emphasis. Preschools may be private and take place in homes or centers, or they may be special programs run by school districts or other state agencies. Many preschools are half-day, taking place for two to three hours in the morning or afternoon, though some day cares now offer preschool programs for older children that integrate preschool curriculum into their full-time care.

Preschools typically follow one of several child development philosophies. You’ve likely heard of Montessori or Reggio Emilia preschools.

“There are so many different philosophies offered in child care programs, and a lot of them have very similar underlying components of play,” says Macasaet. “It’s just different in how it’s approached. ”

Three of the most common are:

• Montessori: Children learn from their peers in multi-age groupings, as well as through play-based activities in a specially set-up classroom with activity centers that stimulate their senses. Typically, children choose what “station” they’d like to play in and are not instructed to participate in one pre-determined activity as a group.
• Reggio Emilia: Children learn through teacher-generated lessons based on their interests. For example, a teacher may set up a pretend classroom grocery store or restaurant with designated activities to explore children’s interests in food and cooking.
• Waldorf: Children participate in play-based activities on a predictable schedule, such as having a designated art time, gardening time, baking time, etc. There’s an emphasis on creative learning, rather than learning through academic activities.

Types of Childcare | SkillsYouNeed

When you are looking for childcare, the first step is to find out what is available in your area. There are two main types of formal out-of-home childcare: day nurseries and childminders.

If you think that your child would be better cared for at home, in a familiar environment, you may be better off with a nanny. You might also be lucky enough to be able to opt for family care, for example from grandparents or other family members.

This page provides a brief explanation about each type of provision including the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Day Nurseries

Day nurseries, or crèches, are probably the most formal childcare setting.

They will usually have a manager, and quite a few staff. Many are organised into ‘rooms’ by children’s age, for example, having a baby room, a toddler room, a room for 2–3 year olds, and a ‘preschool’ room. In the UK the staff ratios are fixed by law, and most will not provide more staff than legally required. The staff may also move around from time to time, so your child may not always be cared for by the same people.

Day nurseries may be independent businesses, or they may be provided at your workplace, as a crèche. The advantage of a workplace crèche is that you can work longer hours because your travel time to the nursery is negligible. You can also pop in to see your child at lunch times or if you have a break. The cost may be subsidised by your employer.

Most nurseries are open long hours, and you will pay by the day, rather than by the hour, so you can leave your child there all day, often from 8am until 6pm. They generally provide all meals and snacks. This comes at a price, however: nurseries are often one of the more expensive childcare settings.

The big advantage of nurseries is that staff can be off sick without you having to miss a session. It is up to the nursery to manage staffing, so you can guarantee that there will be enough staff present. On the other hand, you will almost certainly have to pay for the place, even if you miss sessions for holidays.

Childminders

Childminders look after children in their homes. They are likely to be looking after several children, of varying ages at any one time, including quite possibly their own. Your child will therefore be exposed to children of varying ages, as if in a family.

In the UK, childminders can look after up to six children under eight, with no more than three under five, although this rule can sometimes be varied to accommodate siblings.

The advantage of a childminder is that the atmosphere is a ‘family’ one. Children will be in a more familiar environment, and the childminder may be able to be more flexible than a nursery about meals or nap times. However, if the childminder is looking after older children, they may need to do a school run, which could limit flexibility. There is also more potential for missing sessions: the childminder may be unable to provide care because one of their children is ill, as well as if your child is sick.

Childminders are self-employed, so you do not have to worry about employment law. They also set their own fees and terms and conditions, but are likely to be able to offer some flexibility in terms of what you pay for, and the arrangements that you come to about pick-up times. They can also take holidays whenever they like, which may not be convenient for you.

Many childminders have childcare qualifications; they often worked as nannies or in a nursery before having their own children.

Nannies

Nannies are paid to look after your child, in your home. They are likely to have good childcare qualifications and a long-term interest in working with children.

A nanny may or may not live in. You are, however, their formal employer with all the responsibilities that entails, including (in the UK) paying National Insurance and providing paid holiday and a workplace pension.

If your nanny is living in, they will need their own bedroom and preferably bathroom.

Although expensive, having a nanny can be a reasonably economical option if you have more than one child. It is also ideal if you work irregular hours, and cannot guarantee being home in time for a nursery pick-up, as it is the most flexible arrangement. A nanny will also look after your child when he or she is sick, although you will still need a back-up for when the nanny is sick.

You may find that you can do a nanny-share, where two families share a nanny on a part-time basis, perhaps having two days each, or where the nanny looks after children from both families at the same time, alternating between the two houses. This makes it a more economical option.

Au pairs are not nannies.

An au pair is a young foreign person, either male or female, to whom you provide accommodation in return for some light childcare and/or household tasks. They should be given enough time off to attend English classes locally. They are NOT qualified nannies, and should not usually or routinely be asked to look after very young children.

Nannies are less regulated than other forms of childcare, so you need to be confident that she or he is actually doing what you want, and not drinking coffee and looking at Facebook all day!

Family Care

Family care is care provided by grandparents or other family members.

You may be paying them or not, but they are not considered to be childminders, and do not need to be registered. This type of care works very well because the child is being cared for by someone familiar and whose values are likely to be very similar to yours.

On the downside, you may need to negotiate terms quite carefully, as you don’t want to take anyone for granted, or be left high and dry by holidays.

Informal Care

Finally, informal care is from friends.

If you pay your friend, they are formally considered to be a childminder, and in some countries, including the UK, will need to be registered. Reciprocal childcare, however, where you look after your friend’s child while she works, and vice versa, does not come under the heading of paid childcare, and does not need to be registered in the UK, at least.

For more about making a choice between different types of childcare, see our page Choosing Childcare.

Types of Child Care | Early Learning Coalition of Palm Beach County

Family Child Care

Homes (Licensed)

Family child care takes place in a person’s home for children from unrelated families. Group size may vary according to family child care provider preferences. Ages of children may often be mixed, although some providers serve only a particular age group, such as infants, toddlers or preschoolers.

Licensed Family Child Care Homes

Licensed providers must meet minimal state requirements and must meet the following licensing requirements regulated by the Florida Department of Children and Families (DCF), such as:

• Registering annually with DCF.
• Completing and providing an annual health and safety home inspection checklist to parents or guardians.
• Providing proof of substitute care.
• Providing proof of background checks for all adults in the household.
• Completing additional hours of training annually.
• Completing specific traning in early literacy and language development.
• Following health, safety and nutrition guidelines.
• Maintaining enrollment and attendance records.
• Complying with licensing standards of local and state governments.
• Maintaining current infant and child CPR and First Aid certifications.
• Passing an inspection prior to receiving a child care operating license.
• Complying with two routine inspections and one renewal licensing inspection annually.
• Complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and making reasonable accommodations for children with special needs.

Adult-to-Child Ratios for Family Child Care Homes

A family child care provider may care for one of the following groups of children, including the provider’s own children younger than 13 years of age:

• Birth to 12 months of age. (1:4) or (1 adult:4 infants)
• No more than three children under 12 months of age. (1:6)
• As long as at least five children are scool age and no more than two are under 12 months of age. (1:10)

Licensed or License-Exempt Early Learning

Centers

Early learning centers may be licensed or license-exempt and are usually located in spaces adapted for early learning and child care purposes. Some types of centers available include stand-alone centers and those located in businesses, apartment complexes, universities, public schools, hospitals or faith-based facilities.

Licensed Centers

Licensed centers must pass an initial inspection to ensure they meet all licensing standards. Licensed centers are also re-inspected to follow up on health and safety standards. To meet all the standards these centers must:

• Meet physical facility requirements.
• Follow health, safety and nutrition guidelines.
• Maintain enrollment and attendance records.
• Allow parents/guardians access to their children at all times.
• Comply with licensing standards of local and state governments.
• Meet staff and director training requirements.
• Conduct screening and background checks on all employees/teachers.
• Document current immunization records and physical examinations for all children in care.
• Comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and make reasonable accommodations for children with special needs.

License-Exempt (Religious) Centers

Some religious centers are exempt from child care licensing. These centers must be an integral part of a church or faith-based school and must:

• Be accredited by, or a member of, an organization that requires compliance with health and safety standards.
• Comply with state and federal background screening requirements.
• Meet local governing requirements for city or county health and safety regulations.
• Maintain enrollment and attendance records.
• Maintain CPR and First Aid certifications.
• Comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and make reasonable accommodations for children with special needs.

Adult-to-Child Ratios for Licensed and License-Exempt Centers

Ratios represent the number of children that one adult may supervise for each age group.

• Birth to 12 months of age. (1:4)
• 12 to 24 months of age. (1:6)
• 2-year-old children. (1:11)
• 3-year-old children. (1:15)
• 4- to 5-year-old children. (1:20)
• 4- to 5-year-old children in VPK educational programs.
  • School-year program. (1:11)
  • Summer program. (1:12)

• 5 years of age or older. (1:25)
• As long as at least five children are scool age and no more than two are under 12 months of age. (1:10)

*Note: Some counties may have more restrictive requirements than those required by the state.

School-Age Care (Licensed or License-Exempt)

School-age children are at least 5 years old by September 1 of that school year and are attending kindergarten through fifth grade. A school-age program is a licensed or license-exempt program that serves only school-age children. The setting for a school-age program may be a public or private school, private center, family child care home, faith-based facility or community/recreation program. School-age programs may be open before and after school including full days during teacher planning days, spring, winter and summer breaks.

Licensed School-Age Programs

Licensed programs must pass inspections to ensure all standards required by statute are met, including:

• Meeting physical facility requirements.
• Following health, safety and nutrition guidelines.
• Maintaining enrollment and attendance records.
• Allowing parents/guardians access to their children at all times.
• Complying with annual inspection schedules.
• Receiving 45 hours of training initially, in addition to a minimum of 10 hours annually after completion.
• Submitting screening and background checks of all employees/caregivers.
• Complying with a ratio of one adult for every 25 children.
• Having a supervisor or director who holds an administrator’s credential. Multi-site supervision at school-age child care programs is permitted.

License-Exempt (Religious) School-Age Programs and Summer Camps

The following programs are exempt from school-age care licensure, but must meet city/county health and safety regulations:

• Public and non-public schools and their integral programs.
• Summer camps with children in full-time residence.
• Summer day camps.
• Programs that are an integral part of a faith-based school.
• Religious education programs conducted during vacation periods.
• Operators of temporary establishments (e.g., hurricane shelters).

*Note: Exempt programs are not government inspected.

Unregulated Care

Unregulated child care does not require licensure or compliance inspections by the state. Types of unregulated care include:

• Informal Care: Informal care takes place in a person’s home where one adult cares for children from only one family. The person is often a relative, neighbor or friend. This type of care has no state guidelines or inspections. 
• Au Pair/Nanny Care: Au pairs provide families with intercultural, individualized, live-in child care. Most au pairs are members of one of 14 federally designated Au Pair Sponsor Agencies, which are regulated by the U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs Exchange Visitor Program. Nannies may also be hired by families locally to care for the children of one family and may live in or out of the home.
• Membership Organizations: Membership organizations are nonprofit programs associated with, or certified by, national organizations; therefore, personnel are not subject to DCF screenings. An example organization is the Boys and Girls Club, which is frequently an after-school program.

*Note: Some counties may have more restrictive requirements than those required by the state.

Compensatory kindergarten: definition. Types of Kindergartens

When a child is 3 years old, their parents begin to think about choosing a suitable kindergarten. To better understand all the pros and cons of various preschool institutions, you need to find out what types of kindergartens are divided into. Many, for example, do not know a compensatory kindergarten – what it is and how to send your child there, if necessary.

Classification of kindergartens

Pre-school education institutions can be divided by governing body or by specialization. According to the first sign, kindergartens are divided into:

• departmental;
• municipal;
• private;
• homemade.

By specialization, preschool institutions are divided into:

• general developmental;
• development centers;
• compensation garden;
• combined kindergarten;
• health-improving kindergartens.

A compensatory kindergarten differs from other types of similar institutions in that children with disabilities need it, but this will be mentioned below.

Types of kindergartens by governing body

Municipal kindergartens are ordinary district preschool institutions in which classes with children are conducted strictly according to preschool education programs. They include familiarizing the child with what surrounds him, various kinds of educational games, teaching fine arts, correct pronunciation, as well as physical exercises. A compensatory type kindergarten refers specifically to municipal institutions.

In departmental kindergartens, children are divided into 2 groups: in one group there are those whose stay there is paid for by the enterprise where the father or mother of the child works, and in the second group, those for whom the parents pay. In these kindergartens, the conditions for children to stay are somewhat better than in municipal ones, but their cost is usually higher. Another feature is the lack of an education program established by state bodies.

Private and home gardens

An even more expensive option is private kindergartens. since the cost of such kindergartens is considerable, the level of services is naturally higher. Firstly, this is due to the smaller number of children in groups, which allows the teacher to devote more time to each, and secondly, the range of services provided in these institutions is much wider than in the kindergartens mentioned above.

Home kindergartens are very different from other types of similar institutions in that if in ordinary kindergartens education takes place according to a strictly regulated program and is controlled by the relevant authorities, then there is no such control in home kindergartens. Not only is there only one person looking after the children, he also prepares food for them and chooses what the child will do. But if the teacher is a professional in his field, then there are more pluses than minuses, because in a group, as a rule, there are about five children, which allows you to apply an individual approach.

Types of institutions divided by specialization

General developmental kindergartens are designed for kids who do not have any developmental disabilities and are aimed at developing intellectual abilities, moral and aesthetic qualities. Development centers differ from other preschool institutions primarily in their focus on the versatile development of the individual. As a rule, these are establishments with specially equipped premises, such as game classes, computer rooms, and many other complexes. Combined – these are types of kindergartens that combine the previous two types of institutions.

There is also such a type as ethno-cultural kindergartens. In them, in addition to the general developmental program, there are classes aimed at developing a culture of interethnic relations. This is necessary above all in the multinational regions of the country. Special attention should be paid to such a type of institution as a compensating kind of kindergarten. What does this name mean and how does such a garden differ from other kindergartens?

Compensating kindergartens

When a child has some deviations in physical or mental development, he should be sent to a specialized kindergarten. Since these are unusual gardens, you can get there by going through a certain procedure. But the effort is worth it, because in these institutions the training programs are designed taking into account the developmental disabilities that the child has. Many parents do not understand that their child needs a compensatory type of kindergarten, that this will help him cope with an illness that they consider a minor deviation from the norm.

Which children need compensatory kindergartens

There are kindergartens for frequently ill children. From the name it is clear what contingent of children is brought up there. Before sending a child to this type of institution, it is necessary to take him to the pediatrician, who will determine whether the baby really needs special care or not. The decision is made on the basis of counting the number of illnesses of a preschool child over the past year.

In addition, special care is needed for children with delayed speech and mental development, disorders of the musculoskeletal system, poor vision and hearing, so a compensatory type kindergarten is just what these children need. For referral to specialized kindergartens, it is necessary to show the child to a certain doctor, whose specialization depends on the child’s disorder.

How to get to a specialized kindergarten

Few people know that it is not so easy to get into a kindergarten of a compensatory type, that this is a strictly regulated procedure, for which a child must first be examined by a doctor (orthopedist, neurologist, ophthalmologist – it depends on what violation is observed in the baby), and then, with a certificate, visit the PMPK – the psychological-medical-pedagogical commission. These specialists decide whether to send the child to a compensatory kindergarten or not. With the conclusion issued by the commission, it is already possible to go directly to the head of the preschool institution.

If in a regular kindergarten, as in a school, the focus is on the average child, and weak children have to make too much effort to achieve at least some result, then specialized institutions provide the conditions that a child with a specific disability needs.

The main purpose of specialized kindergartens

If in a general developmental kindergarten a child is given certain skills and abilities that help him develop, then a compensatory kindergarten is, first of all, a program aimed at correcting a specific disease. After such a preschool institution, the child, as a rule, is sent to a correctional school, where the correction of his violation continues. Thus, the main purpose of this type of kindergarten is to adapt the baby to the environment, so that in the future, in adulthood, he can function at the level of an average person.

The advantage of kindergartens of this kind is that defectologists work with children, working according to specially designed programs, ensuring the development of the child, taking into account his shortcomings. Having learned about a compensatory kindergarten, what it is and how to send their child there (if necessary, of course), the parent must understand that a special attitude towards the child should be maintained at home.

What is a combined kindergarten. Types of kindergartens

Kindergarten. Article 1. How does kindergarten begin?

Date added: 2010-08-14

Do you know what a kindergarten is?

Kindergarten
is a public or private institution that provides supervision, care and rehabilitation, education and upbringing of children.

In other words kindergarten
is an institution for the public education of preschool children. Kindergartens as a type of institution exist in most countries and are usually the first link in the education system.

What does kindergarten give a child?

Kindergarten – the first educational institution on the path of development of a child from 3 to 7 years. Together with the family, the kindergarten is involved in the upbringing of the child. Educators, like second parents, lay down all the most important traits of a person’s character.

Skills acquired at this age remain for life. In kindergarten, the child receives the first social
experience.

The kid learns to communicate with peers and adults who are not his relatives. It is especially important that it is at this age that self-assessment
and feeling like a person
.

Therefore, it is very important to choose a form of education in which your son or daughter can not only acquire the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities, but also feel comfortable.

Several years ago, all kindergartens in the Russian Federation worked according to a single “Program for the upbringing and education of children in kindergarten”.

Today in the Russian Federation there are many programs for the development, upbringing and education of children. And this is the main difference between kindergartens from each other.

Kindergarten classification
in modern conditions.

1.
Kindergarten
of a general developmental type with the priority implementation of any direction or directions of development of pupils – physical, intellectual, artistic and aesthetic.

2. Kindergarten
care and recovery
operates with an emphasis on sanitary, preventive and health-improving activities and procedures.

3.Kindergarten – Development Center
children.
Such centers have a game and health-improving complex, an art studio, a computer class, a children’s theater, and a swimming pool. An integrated approach is applied to the organization of work with children – physical and mental development, correction are carried out, and the emphasis is on intellectual and artistic and aesthetic development.

4. Kindergarten
combination
includes several different groups: general developmental, compensatory, wellness, as well as in various combinations.

Kindergarten
compensating type with priority implementation of qualified correction. Children with various pathologies are taken to these kindergartens, for example, with mental retardation, with tuberculosis intoxication, with disorders of the musculoskeletal system, with hearing disorders, with speech disorders, with visual impairments, with intellectual disabilities, often ill children.

Highly qualified doctors work in such kindergartens, and special conditions are created for children – sometimes diet food, swimming pools, saunas, massage rooms, a small number of children in groups.

Compensatory kindergartens not only treat, but also educate and educate in accordance with a special program. These kindergartens have consultation points where parents can get advice, recommendations on how to act in a particular case. To get into the kindergarten of a compensating type, you need a referral from a pediatrician and certificates from specialists in the kindergarten profile.

Features of kindergartens in modern conditions.

Depending on the founder, kindergartens are:

• Municipal (state),
• Departmental (very few left),
• Private (commercial)
• Domestic (family).

What are the similarities of kindergartens?

Each kindergarten has a program for the upbringing and education of children, a charter, a license for the right to engage in this type of activity.

What is the difference between kindergartens?

• In the form of payment and provision of benefits (only municipal kindergartens provide guaranteed benefits to a number of citizens)
• In the number of children in the group,
• Quality and variety of food,
• In material equipment.
• In a psychological atmosphere.

What should parents do in order not to be disappointed in their choice of kindergarten?

1. Meet with the head of the kindergarten and find out important questions for yourself. For example:

• Find out the working hours of the preschool educational institution.
• Ask to see your license and charter.
• Ask about the programs and methods that educators work with.
• Pay attention to the number of children in the group and the number of caregivers.
• Ask to tell you about the staff.
• Ask about food.
• Find out which groups are in the garden.
• Ask what kind of extra activities are available in kindergarten and how much they cost.

2.Meet the group teachers, talk to them and see if you want to send your child to them. Styles of communication, attitude towards children, the level of professionalism – this is what parents should pay attention to.

3. Meet with the Nursery Nurse and settle the issue of vaccinations and other medical procedures once and for all.

4. Meet with the kindergarten psychologist and talk about how you can help your child.

How to choose the right kindergarten?

This question can be looked at from different points of view. Let’s focus on the main ones.

In terms of child comfort:

You need to choose the closest kindergarten to your home or the best one. Why? There are a number of objective reasons.

Preschoolers and toddlers are physically unable to walk long distances. Or the road will take a long time, or you will carry the child in your arms.

In accordance with the schedule of the kindergarten, the child must be brought before 8:30. If you have to go for a long time, then, accordingly, get up early. The child should be well-rested and not tired of the road, then it will be easier for him to adapt and come to the garden in a good mood.

9out of 12 months of the year, due to climatic conditions, various viral infections spread in crowded places (bus, trolleybus, metro). Children are primarily susceptible to airborne infections

From the point of view of construction and territory:

• Preferably, the kindergarten should be in a separate building, not in a residential building. Special children’s facilities provide facilities for swimming, music, physical education and art classes.
  

• It is important that the garden has a large area for walking
  . Plot
  should be enclosed on all sides by a fence and conditionally divided into as many parts as there are groups in the garden. The site should have play forms (stairs, animal figures, sandboxes, swings, verandas, etc.).

• The premise of the kindergarten consists of several groups. Each group has a playroom, dining room, bedroom, toilet. Group equipment should include toys, games, books, children’s furniture.

. Education and professionalism are not the same thing.

Education – is not an indication that a teacher will be able to find the key to your child’s heart
. The child is comfortable with the “mommy”, with the “nanny”, with the “darling”, and with the “learned” aunt, for the time being, he is not interested.

. Each group should have 2 teachers and one assistant teacher. Unfortunately, this is rare, so it’s good to have at least 2 people in the group.

The group room should include a playroom, a dining room, a bedroom and a middle group, preferably a study room (classroom). Group equipment should include toys, board games, books, children’s furniture, etc.

From the point of view of filling the groups.

Important number of children in the group
. The most optimal – no more than 15-18 people. However, the realities of “state” gardens are different – usually 20–22 people in a group.

From the point of view of the psychological climate in kindergarten.

Very important that you like the atmosphere of the garden
. Let it be purely intuitive, but often intuition fails in this matter.

And remember: the choice is yours.

Happy parents raise happy and healthy children.

Like this article?

Types of kindergartens According to the “Model Regulations on Children’s Educational Institutions” (No. 666, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation on September 12, 2008), kindergartens are divided into several types according to areas of activity. These are preschool educational institutions of a general developmental, compensatory (correctional) or combined type and child development centers. All of them operate on the basis of a single document “Educational Standard of the Russian Federation. Preschool education”, which includes a mandatory set of disciplines, such as: acquaintance with the outside world, ecology, literature, basic mathematical knowledge, educational games, speech development, musical and visual arts, physical education. In addition to the “Standard”, kindergartens usually implement a number of additional programs, which determines their belonging to a certain category

Functionality of kindergarten of a general developmental type
is already clear from the name – this is the general development of the intellectual, physical and creative abilities of the child. But only 23% of them work exclusively according to the “Standard” – the rest supplement it with partial programs aimed at developing certain skills in pupils (creative, physical, intellectual) and in-depth study of various subjects (ecology, religion, mathematics, foreign language). Such kindergartens are allocated in the subcategory “kindergarten with priority implementation of the direction (s) of development of pupils”.

Compensating gardens
are designed for children with various pathologies: mental retardation, intellectual disability, hearing, speech, and musculoskeletal disorders. Pupils are taught here according to a special program designed to correct the features of their development, and are also treated. Therefore, not only teachers work in compensatory kindergartens, but also medical workers and narrowly qualified specialists – speech therapists, defectologists, psychologists. Special conditions of stay are created for children: food, treatment, physiotherapy, therapeutic exercises, massage room, etc.

Groups in such gardens are small – 5-12 people, and the schedule for visiting the garden varies from 3 hours (short-stay groups) per day, to a round-the-clock five-day stay.

The same type of kindergartens includes care and rehabilitation kindergartens, whose activities are aimed at general improvement of the health of frequently ill children and children with reduced immunity. They are equipped with everything necessary for procedures and disease prevention. The basis for enrolling in a kindergarten is the referral of a pediatrician, and as soon as the health of the pupil improves, the child is transferred to a regular kindergarten.

Child Development Center
is a kindergarten with an in-depth development of the child’s physical and mental abilities, where educational activities are combined with recreational activities. In such an institution, the curriculum includes additional areas: environmental education, protection of life and health, physical development, correctional development (for children with speech and behavioral disorders), introducing children to musical and literary cultural heritage, enhanced preparation for school. Development centers differ from general developing gardens with a developed infrastructure as a priority. There are game and sports complexes, a swimming pool, a sauna, massage and physiotherapy rooms, a computer class, various types of studios (art studio, music, theater) and laboratories (environmental, photo and film laboratories), a room for fairy tales, a laryngophone room, an ethnographic » corner. The Development Centers practice such general health measures as hardening, sponging, herbal medicine, fortified diets. In kindergartens of this type, visiting teachers are often invited to study foreign languages, rhetoric, rhythmic gymnastics, etc.

B combined kindergarten
includes general developmental, compensatory and recreational groups in various combinations. Kindergartens, which include nursery groups, and integrative kindergartens, where children with reduced abilities to develop communication and learn the correct behavior model, are included in the same category together with ordinary children.

The article “Types of kindergartens” is protected by copyright and related rights.

Please tell me what does a combined kindergarten mean?

1. For children with speech disorders, e.g. groups in the direction …. for example, a garden with speech therapy groups.. .

   I myself work in a compensatory garden… i.e. for children with certain disabilities…. where a referral from a doctor is required…

2. Classification of kindergartens according to their specialization
   Kindergarten is the most common type of public preschool educational institution. It provides supervision, care and rehabilitation, education and upbringing of children. Kindergartens differ in different educational programs.

   Kindergarten of a general developmental type with the priority implementation of any direction or directions of physical, intellectual, artistic and aesthetic development of pupils.
   The Kindergarten for Supervision and Rehabilitation operates with an emphasis on sanitary, preventive and health-improving activities and procedures.

   Child development center kindergarten. In such centers there are game and sports and recreation complexes, an art studio, a computer class, a children’s theater, and a swimming pool. An integrated approach is applied to the organization of work with children, physical and mental development, correction are carried out, and the emphasis is on intellectual and artistic and aesthetic development.

   Combined type kindergarten includes several different groups: general developmental, compensatory, health-improving, as well as in various combinations.

   Kindergarten of a compensatory type with priority implementation of qualified correction. Children with various pathologies are taken to these kindergartens, for example, with mental retardation, with tuberculosis intoxication, with disorders of the musculoskeletal system, with hearing disorders, with speech disorders, with visual impairments, with intellectual disabilities, often ill children. Highly qualified doctors work in such kindergartens, and special conditions are sometimes created for children – diet food, swimming pools, saunas, massage rooms, a small number of children in groups. In kindergartens of a compensatory type, they not only treat, but also educate and educate in accordance with a special program. These kindergartens have consultation points where parents can get advice, recommendations on how to act in a particular case.

   In order to get into a compensatory kindergarten, you need a referral from a pediatrician and a certificate from a kindergarten specialist.

Surely every parent, when his child reaches three years old, begins to think hard about who will raise the child at a time when mom and dad are busy at work. There are several options in this case – grandparents, nanny, kindergarten
. It is the latter option that most parents choose. Yes, this is correct. In kindergarten, the child, developing comprehensively, will learn to communicate with peers, to live in a team. The main thing is correct choose a preschool
. The level of his preparation for school, the level of development and education depends on this choice. After all, different types of kindergartens
, imply a different level of training.

To the delight of many parents in recent years, the number of kindergartens has been constantly renewed, and although their number is far from necessary, many families still have the opportunity to enroll their baby in a preschool. What are the types of kindergartens
available in our country?

Consider the main types of kindergartens:

Departmental kindergarten, according to statistics, the number of such kindergartens in the country exceeds the number of other preschool institutions;

– a kindergarten owned by local governments;

– private kindergarten;

– home kindergarten.

Strengths and weaknesses of various kindergartens

In material terms, the most accessible for parents is, of course, kindergarten, owned by local governments.
Advantages – the most affordable and close to home kindergarten. Disadvantages – excessive fullness of groups, perhaps insufficient supervision of children, poor food.

Departmental kindergarten
. Advantages – in comparison with the first option, it is less crowded, the quality of the learning process, education and development is higher. The food is more varied. Disadvantages – the payment for the stay, in comparison with the utilities, is much higher.

Private kindergarten.
Advantages – optimal filling of groups, individual approach to working with children, organization of the child’s work with a speech therapist, psychologist, other specialists, rapid adaptation of the child to new social conditions and its comprehensive development, the most varied diet, including gourmet delicacies. The disadvantage is the high fee for the stay (sometimes 1000-5000 dollars).

Home kindergarten
– the most rare type of kindergarten. The difference from other types of kindergartens is that it is located in an apartment, a rented room or a private cottage. Advantages – the minimum number of children in the group (3-10 people), proper attention to each child. Disadvantages – insufficiently high technical equipment and a rather high price.

Types of kindergartens with different specializations

types of kindergartens are classified
not only by governing body or affiliation, but also by specialization.

By type of specialization, the types of kindergartens are as follows:

–
general development kindergarten
;

– wellness;

– kindergartens – development centers;

– combined kindergarten;

– ethnocultural kindergartens;

– highly specialized kindergartens (compensating kindergarten).

Kindergartens managed by local governments traditionally belong to general development kindergartens
. Work in them, according to approved programs, is directed to the intellectual, physical, moral and aesthetic development of the child.

In the case when the main direction of work is preventive health measures, the kindergarten is called the care and rehabilitation kindergarten.

In development centers much attention is paid by teachers to the intellectual, physical and psychological development of the child. The centers, as a rule, are equipped with special gaming and health-improving complexes, have swimming pools and computer classes.

Combined types of kindergartens
include the characteristics of an ordinary kindergarten and a kindergarten – development center. Gardens with a narrow specialization are intended for children with certain physical or mental characteristics (gardens for children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system, physical or mental development).

Kindergartens with an ethnocultural orientation, in addition to general education, development and upbringing, pay due attention to the study of their native language, which helps them not to forget and know their native language while staying in another country or in another ethnic area.

Classification of preschool institutions according to the level of general education is carried out taking into account the groups that prepare children for the subsequent general education institution:

– preparatory groups for education in primary school;

– preparatory groups for studying at a general education school;

– preparatory groups for studying at the gymnasium;

– preschool groups from educational centers.

The orientation of the preparatory groups, the level of general education they provide, must be taken into account when choosing a preschool institution and when planning a child’s further education. Reviewing types of kindergartens
, choose more comfortable for you. There is a fairly widespread opinion here that gifted children grow up in the most ordinary preschool institutions, and sometimes a spiritual atmosphere in which the baby feels comfortable and confident is much more important than numerous versatile activities in a stressful mode. But given the ever-increasing demands of the time, versatile training is often simply necessary for children for further successful development. The choice, of course, is yours.

I would like to give advice to parents: “Remember, you choose a kindergarten not for yourself, but for a child.” Take care not only of the proper level of upbringing and development of the child in it, but also of his comfortable stay there. And of course, it’s not worth giving the baby to the kindergarten, transferring the entire burden of the educational process to the educators, because the personality of the child primarily depends on the efforts of the parents, on the orders and foundations established in each individual family. Only the joint efforts of the educational line of the kindergarten team and the child’s parents have the full formative moral force for the development of the growing personality.

MBDOU “Kindergarten No. 66 “Topolek”

Buckwheat porridge

The most simple in terms of cooking is buckwheat porridge, which has a good natural protective coating of each grain and does not emit mucus during cooking. It is difficult to spoil buckwheat porridge, and yet it is often cooked ineptly. To avoid this, it is necessary to accurately calculate the amount of cereal, cooking time and heating intensity.

For buckwheat groats, twice the volume of water (1:2) should be taken for each unit volume of groats. And this ratio should be observed not by eye, but absolutely exactly, to the gram!

For buckwheat porridge, a tight lid is required, a strong fire for the first 3-5 minutes until the water boils, and then a calm, moderate boil, at the very end – weak, until the water has completely boiled away not only from the surface, but also from the bottom of the pan. And one more important rule for buckwheat and for most cereals: after filling the cereal and filling it with water, do not touch, do not interfere, do not interfere in the process, do not lift or open the lid. Porridge is cooked not so much with water as with steam, and therefore releasing it means not giving the porridge the required heat. Otherwise, the porridge either burns, dries, or, if we try to “help” it, we want to eliminate our mistake and add water, it turns into a mess, deteriorates.

Keeping buckwheat porridge on fire for longer than this time is not advisable – its taste will deteriorate, the special buckwheat flavor will fade, weaken, and the grain will lose shape, crack and become squashy.

Porridge is ready to eat as a side dish, but if you add the amount of milk required by the recipe to it, let it boil for 15-20 minutes, then we will get a delicious milk porridge.

Rice porridge

Rice porridge, or boiled rice, is even more capricious in cooking.

Is it possible to cook rice in water and not boil it? Can.

Exact volume ratio: 2 parts rice to 3 parts water. Grains, previously washed 5-6 times, fall asleep in boiling water and tightly close the lid.

Since everything is precisely calculated, then the cooking time must be absolutely accurate: 12 minutes, no more, no less. Fire: three minutes strong, seven minutes moderate, the remaining 2 minutes. weak.

The porridge is ready. But do not rush to open the lid. Here is another secret waiting for you. Leave the lid closed and do not touch the porridge for exactly as long as it was cooked. Let it stand on the stove for exactly 12 minutes. Then open. Add melted butter, salt and mix gently. The great taste of friable rice awaits you. We get milk porridge by pouring boiled rice with hot milk and boiling it for 15-20 minutes over low heat. The porridge will be fragrant, the grains will be steamed and not burnt.

Millet porridge

Wash the millet six or seven times, finally in hot water, before starting to cook anything from it. And why is it necessary? Yes, because millet is extremely contaminated and no matter how it is stored correctly, the fat included in its composition is oxidized.

Rinse it until the water runs clear. The coating (husk) of each grain is strong, varnished, it will not get anything from unnecessary washing. And when it is washed, then it is necessary to steam it a bit: that is why it is necessary to wash the millet with hot water for the last time.

Millet is cooked like rice, and then after 24 minutes from the moment of boiling, milk is added and milk millet porridge is cooked until fully cooked.

Although millet is considered a low-value porridge, try it properly cooked. I think you will like it, especially if you take more milk and boil it more strongly.

Oatmeal

Everyone knows that oatmeal is good for both children and adults. But those and others often do not like her. One of the reasons is that oatmeal for adults should be prepared in a completely different way than for children.

Moreover, there is oatmeal for adults only, and there is oatmeal for children only. They differ in preparation and in the grain itself.

However, it often happens that children are prepared just porridge for adults, while adults are offered children’s. No one suspects that a terrible mix-up has taken place, and both sides are dissatisfied with such food or even refuse it.

But as soon as everything is in line, oatmeal will become a really favorite food for both adults and children.

How to do it? And what should be done?

First of all, adult oatmeal is considered to be porridge made from whole, uncrushed and unrumpled oatmeal. Treat this grain in the same way as rice. Moreover, it can be mixed with rice and boiled together. The proportions of the mixtures are arbitrary, but it tastes better when there is a little more rice.

Such oatmeal or oat-rice porridge, as well as any steep, crumbly, can be seasoned with oil and (and) fried onions, carrots.

Baby oatmeal is any porridge made from crushed, non-whole (crushed) or ground oatmeal (oatmeal).

Now step by step cooking baby porridge.

First: boil oatmeal or oatmeal in water (preferably soft, previously boiled).

Second: pass the porridge through a colander or a fine metal sieve in order to retain parts that cannot be boiled – oatmeal, residual husks, etc. These hard parts hurt, scratch the mucous membrane of the child’s mouth, which is why he able to separate small hard particles from the whole mass in a spoon. Parents usually shout at the child at the same time, forcing him to eat porridge again. The child, of course, gets irritated, cries not only because of an unpleasant sensation, but also because of a feeling of resentment, because of the injustice with which he is being treated. As a result, the breakfast is spoiled, the child is upset. Mom boils because a recently washed shirt or suit is irreparably stained with spit out porridge and stained with chocolate, which was not able to reconcile the child with pain and resentment. And all this is easy to avoid by following the second rule.

Third: add milk, boil, so that not a sticky slimy mass is obtained, but a thin, almost fluid slurry that can even be drunk and very easy to swallow.

Fourth: now you need to bring the gruel to taste. Sweeten very carefully, but so that sugar is not felt, but only beats off the raw taste of boiled grain. Then lightly flavor with anise or star anise, cinnamon, and if they are not available, then with dried lemon or orange zest, ground into powder. If it is not there, then take the fresh zest of a lemon, an orange, boil it in a quarter cup of water and pour a spoon or two of this thick fragrant broth into the gruel, stirring it well. Now a pleasant texture, softness of porridge will come in line with a pleasant taste.

Barley porridge

Barley belongs to the type of porridge that everyone unanimously dislikes. We mainly meet her in soups, where she swims alone, lost among potatoes, carrots, onions and other vegetables.

And who will believe now that this is Peter I’s favorite porridge?

Barley is a pantry of protein and protein-containing gluten. It should be handled as delicately as legumes.

Before cooking barley porridge, pour cold water in advance, soak the cereal intended for cooking. At the same time, it is necessary to soak not by eye, but pour one glass (200 ml) of pearl barley with exactly one liter of water and leave for at least 10-12 hours. Let it stand in the kitchen from the evening all night!

In the morning, the water will need to be drained, and the soaked cereal should be washed and poured into boiling water in a ratio of 2:3. Cook for 12 minutes with the lid closed – 3 minutes. high heat, 7 minutes moderate and 2 minutes low heat. Considering that the burners cool down slowly, then a slight heating will be already when the burner is turned off. Then, just like rice, do not open the lid for 12 minutes. After 24 minutes from the moment of boiling, pour milk brought to a boil into the cauldron with porridge, put the amount of salt and sugar required according to the recipe. Let the milk boil. After that, 5 minutes are cooked directly on moderate heat in a saucepan without a lid. And then close the pan with a lid and put it in a water bath for 30-40 minutes. with minimal heating.

When the porridge is ready, add the butter and stir thoroughly until the consistency and color are uniform.

If you, having tasted real barley porridge, will now read in historical novels that barley was the favorite porridge of Peter I, then it will become clear to you that this is not the speculation of some idle novelist, because from now on you will know exactly what kind of pearl barley is being discussed.

Semolina porridge

Semolina porridge was especially unlucky with cooking. And that’s why.

Since this is not cereal, but flour, that is, ground grain, it is easy to cook it. There is no shell, it does not interfere, cooking goes quickly, in a few minutes, and therefore it seems that no problems and no “science” are required for cooking semolina porridge. I took a handful or two, poured it into boiling water and boiled it. Liquid turned out – nothing. It will boil for another ten minutes – it will thicken. A thick one came out, also fixable, splashed boiling water or milk – so he diluted it to the desired consistency. In addition, a matter of taste: one likes a little thinner, the other – thicker.

Knowing semolina from childhood, at the same time we do not always know its true taste, since we do not know the exact rules for its preparation, we use, so to speak, a primitive amateur way of cooking it, which accidentally became widespread.

And the rule is simple: cook in milk, observing the proportions: for 5 parts of liquid, 1.5 parts of cereals. Bring the milk to a boil and at this moment pour semolina with a sieve (not a handful, but a sieve to disperse it) and continue to cook for only one or two minutes, stirring vigorously all the time, and then close the pan where the porridge was cooked with a tight lid and give stand for 10-15 minutes until it is completely swollen. After that, you can flavor it with oil and anything, make it both sweetened and season with browned onions. But the main formation of taste will occur precisely when the porridge does not boil, does not “sweat” under the lid, losing proteins, vitamins, taste, and when it is infused already removed from the fire.

The taste of such a regular semolina porridge is very different from that cooked in the usual way. This is really a porridge in which one can distinguish, although small, but separately existing grains. Such porridge is better oiled and does not have an unpleasant surface film, which is formed in semolina porridge only because the isolated proteins and gluten, as a lighter fraction, float to the surface and here they are subjected to increased evaporation and decay, intensively deteriorate from the point of view and physiological , and taste, and, of course, biochemical.

Semolina porridge, cooked according to all the rules, is devoid of these negative traits. It boils more than when boiling, because the temperature of the steam of milk is higher than the temperature of the milk itself, boiled with the lid open.

There is another method of making semolina porridge, similar to the one described. To do this, heat the semolina in a pan with butter until it turns slightly yellow, but do not let it burn. Then pour milk or a mixture of water and milk, where the water would be a little more than half.

It is necessary to pour directly on the pan, and therefore it is better to take a deep enameled one. After pouring, stir quickly and let it boil for two to three minutes, and then close the lid tightly and keep it in the same way until it swells completely. This porridge tastes even better. Try and adopt both of these methods, of which the first is more suitable for baby food, and the second is more suitable for an adult.

That is why cooking porridge is a higher level of culinary skill.

State budgetary preschool educational institution kindergarten No. 104 of the combined type of the Nevsky district of St. Petersburg

Comprehensive plan for the activities of the Health Service of the GBDOU kindergarten No. 104 of the Nevsky district of St. Petersburg

Organization of the motor regime – Open – Open

Recommendations for a sparing regimen – Open
Types of daily routines – Open
Types of hardening – Open

“Health care is the most important job of an educator.
Their spiritual life,
worldview, mental development, strength of knowledge, faith in their own strength depend on the cheerfulness and vigor of children.

V.A. Sukhomlinsky

Improving work in GBDOU

The educational institution strictly observes the rules and measures for the safety of life and health of children. The health of children in HBDOU should not be endangered, this is controlled by educators, medical workers, and the head. There are certain rules for protecting the life and health of children. Thus, technical inspections of the premises are systematically carried out, fire safety rules are observed. In rooms with children there should be no boiling water, medicines, matches.

All products used by children are prepared in accordance with sanitary rules.

Also, in order to protect the health of children in the kindergarten, the area where children walk is put in order. All play and sports equipment is in good working order. During winter, all buildings and structures are cleared of snow, icicles are not allowed, all paths are treated from ice, as necessary, with sand.

Educators immediately report the presence of diseases to a medical worker. The rooms in which there are children are cleaned and ventilated daily. Currently, one of the priority tasks facing each GBDOU and teachers is to preserve the health of children in the process of education and training.

The problem of early formation of a culture of health is relevant, timely and quite complex. It is known that preschool age is decisive in the formation of the foundation of physical and mental health. After all, it is up to 7 years that a person goes through a huge path of development, which is not repeated throughout his subsequent life. It is during this period that the intensive development of organs and the formation of the functional systems of the body take place, the main personality traits, attitude towards oneself and others are laid. Therefore, it is so important for us – teachers and you – parents at this stage of preschool childhood to form in children a knowledge base and practical skills of a healthy lifestyle, a conscious need for systematic physical education and sports.

Today, by a healthy lifestyle, we understand the vigorous activity of people aimed at maintaining and improving health. The formation of a healthy lifestyle begins already in our kindergarten. All the life of a child in a preschool institution is aimed at maintaining and strengthening health.

The goal of health improvement work in GBDOU is to create a sustainable motivation for the need to preserve one’s own health and the health of others. Therefore, it is so important to correctly construct the content of the educational process in all areas of the child’s development, to select modern programs that provide familiarization with values, and above all, the values ​​of a healthy lifestyle.

Basic components of a healthy lifestyle:

• Rational regime.
• Proper nutrition.
• Rational motor activity
• Hardening of the organism.
• Maintaining a stable psycho-emotional state.

The regime is commonly understood as a scientifically based routine of life, providing for a rational distribution of time and a sequence of various activities and rest.

With proper and strict observance of it, a clear rhythm of the body’s functioning is developed. And this, in turn, creates the best conditions for work and recovery, thereby promoting health. The daily routine must be observed from the first days of life. Health and proper development depend on this. Therefore, our teachers are asked to observe the regime of kindergarten and at home.

When carrying out regime processes, the GBOU adheres to the following rules:

1. Full and timely satisfaction of all organic needs of children (sleep, nutrition, walk, etc.).
2. Thorough hygienic care, ensuring cleanliness of the body, clothes, bed.
3. Involving children in all possible participation in regime processes
4. Formation of cultural and hygienic skills.
5. Emotional communication during the execution of regime processes.
6. Taking into account the needs of children, the individual characteristics of each child.

Rational mode – it is stable, and at the same time, dynamic to constantly ensure the adaptation of the child to the changing conditions of the external social and biological environment. The more this mode will be based on the features of the “biorhythmic portrait” of the child, the better conditions will be his physiological systems, which will certainly affect his health and mood. Therefore, we take into account the individual characteristics of children, for example, a gradual rise after sleep.

In childhood, the role of nutrition is especially great, when a food stereotype is formed, typological features of an adult are laid.

That is why the state of health largely depends on properly organized nutrition in childhood.

Basic principles of rational nutrition:

1. Ensuring balance
2. Satisfying the body’s needs for essential nutrients, vitamins and minerals.
3. Compliance with diet.

Rational nutrition of children is one of the main environmental factors that determine the normal development of the child. It has the most direct impact on the life, growth, health of the child, increases resistance to various adverse effects.

The culture of health and the culture of movement are two interrelated components in a child’s life.

Active motor activity, in addition to a positive impact on health and physical development, provides the child’s psycho-emotional comfort.

The motor culture of preschoolers begins with the formation of the structure of natural movements and the development of motor abilities, the creation of conditions for the creative development of movement standards in various situations by children, the formation of motor imagination, the ability to emotionally experience movements.

The main conditions for the formation of motor culture are:

1. Education in children of a conscious attitude to the performance of motor actions.
2. Development of imagination during the performance of motor actions.
3. The inclusion of sensory systems in the education of motor culture.
4. Creating optimal conditions for each child in the process of mastering motor experience.

The upbringing of motor culture is a mutually directed process, for its success it is necessary to organize a purposeful system of upbringing and education in kindergarten and family.

In the process of motor culture upbringing, the child acquires the knowledge necessary for conscious motor activity, masters the methods of activity and experience in their implementation, and the development of the child’s creative activity, his cognitive abilities, volitional qualities, emotional sphere.

Hardening is another component of health, it contributes to the solution of a whole range of health problems. It not only increases stability, but also the ability to develop compensatory functional capabilities of the body, increase its performance. For the development of the process of hardening of the body, repeated or prolonged action on the body of one or another meteorological factor is necessary: ​​cold, heat, atmospheric pressure.

Due to the repeated action of hardening factors, conditioned reflex connections develop more firmly. If hardening is carried out systematically and systematically, it has a positive effect on the child’s body: the activity of its systems and organs improves, resistance to various diseases increases, and, first of all, to colds, the ability to endure sharp fluctuations in various environmental factors without harm to health is developed, in particular, meteorological, increases the endurance of the body. Special types of hardening, as a rule, are not used in kindergarten.

Experts point out that the psychophysical health and emotional well-being of a child largely depends on the environment in which he lives and is brought up.

Mental health is an integral element of health and is considered as a set of mental characteristics that provide dynamic balance and the ability for a child to perform social functions. Therefore, it is so important to create conditions that ensure the psychological health of a preschooler, providing a humane attitude towards children and an individual approach, taking into account their personal characteristics, psychological comfort, an interesting and meaningful life in kindergarten.

The protection and promotion of health, the development of habits for a healthy lifestyle are of paramount importance. For this purpose, a versatile integrated activity is organized aimed at preserving the health of children, a complex of educational, health-improving and treatment-and-prophylactic measures is being implemented for different age levels.

The implementation of this direction is provided by:

– orientation of the upbringing and educational process on the physical development of preschoolers.
– a complex of recreational activities in the daily routine, depending on the season;
– the creation of optimal pedagogical conditions for the stay of children in the GBDOU;
– the formation of approaches to interaction with the family and the development of social partnership.

Systematic preservation and development of health is carried out in several directions:

– Therapeutic and prophylactic (prevention of diseases, the national calendar of preventive vaccinations, fortification, etc.).

– Ensuring the psychological safety of the child’s personality (psychologically comfortable organization of regime moments, optimal motor mode, the correct distribution of physical and intellectual loads, the use of relaxation techniques in the daily routine, the use of the necessary means and methods: elements of auto-training, psycho-gymnastics, music therapy). educational process (taking into account hygiene requirements for the maximum load on preschool children in organized forms of education, creating conditions for health-improving regimes, valeologization of the educational space for children, respect for the child’s nervous system: taking into account his individual abilities and interests; providing freedom of choice, creation of conditions for self-realization; orientation to the zone of proximal development of the child, etc.) – Formation of the valeological culture of the child, the foundations of the valeological consciousness (knowledge of health, the ability to save on maintaining and preserving it, cultivating a conscious attitude to health and life).

What types of kindergartens are there?

All parents want only the very best for their child. The choice of the type of kindergarten must be approached with special responsibility. Kindergarten cannot be perceived as an institution where children are simply looked after while parents are at work. Finding a good kindergarten where to send your baby is always a real quest for parents. In this article you will find answers to your questions about the types of kindergarten, and you can decide which one is right for you and your child.

The main types and types of kindergartens

• State kindergartens

9000

State sadicals are the most economical and widespread, but less affordable. Many parents do not want to worry about the electronic queue as soon as the child is born, since this does not guarantee that the baby will go to kindergarten at the desired age. In most cases, public kindergartens are the same in terms of nutrition, quality of education, the difference can only be in the human factor and the attitude of the educators themselves towards children and work in general.

• Commercial (private) gardens

Gardens of this type are owned by a particular enterprise or company. Only the children of employees of such a team can get into such kindergartens. Here, the requirements of the parents are always too high and not always objective, and the final decisions are made exclusively by the owner.

• Commercial (private) gardens

At the moment, especially in big cities, this kind of gardens is the most filled and in demand. Every year there are more and more gardens of this category. Due to the great competition, private structures are trying to keep their customers with all kinds of offers:

• Kindergartens with an emphasis on physical development
• Emphasis on creative and intellectual development
• Emphasis on languages ​​

compared to other types of kindergartens. Private kindergartens participate in programs of a compensatory type, such as “Penny to follow a child”, where you can save money, but at the same time choose a convenient schedule and additional classes.

In such kindergartens, most often only highly qualified educators work, who have different methods and programs in their arsenal.

• Language kindergartens

Kids learn the basics of foreign languages ​​in a playful way. The sooner your child starts learning other languages, the better and faster they will be absorbed and remembered.

• Home-type gardens

In Ukraine, gardens of this type have not gained much popularity, although they are in almost every home. Parents are afraid to take their child to such a kindergarten, not only because such kindergartens do not have licenses and appropriate safety, educators without proper education and work experience most often work in such kindergartens.

• Specialized kindergartens

These kindergartens are run by the state with a general program for children.
In kindergartens of this type there is no in-depth development of specific subjects, children study according to the general education program approved by the Ministry of Education.

Division of kindergartens by affiliation

Kindergartens by affiliation are divided into the following types

• Municipal

They have a small monthly fee and operate strictly according to educational methods. In such kindergartens there are no additional classes.

• Departmental

Such kindergartens are not controlled by any authorities, their programs and procedures are determined only by the enterprise on which they depend.

• Private (commercial)

This option is ideal not only for parents, but also for children. Private kindergartens have a flexible working schedule from 8 to 19/20:00, so that parents can work without problems. Educators in private kindergartens are only qualified specialists, a high level of education quality.

• Home (family)

Such kindergartens are created by couples in their apartment or rent a room. For children’s adaptation, a kindergarten of this type is a big plus, as it continues to be in a homely atmosphere.

Division of kindergartens by specialization

Combined kindergartens

There are several groups in such kindergartens, different developmental and health programs are used in the programs.

General kindergartens

Such kindergartens should be chosen according to the direction you have chosen, as they have a narrow specialization aimed at: physical education, intellectual or artistic and aesthetic education

Compensatory kindergartens

Such kindergartens are designed for children with certain problems or diseases: mental development, musculoskeletal system, vision, hearing, speech, gastrointestinal tract, weakened immunity. You can get into such a kindergarten only through a doctor and official confirmation that the child needs a special approach.

Development Centers

Aimed at the comprehensive improvement of children, including the aesthetic, intellectual and physical formation of personality.

Preschool groups

Such structures are located at kindergarten schools, classes in such groups last about 25 minutes and are interrupted by breaks. Here they comprehend the science of writing, accurate counting, reading, natural science.

MADOU d / s No. 10: Main page

Municipal autonomous pre-school educational institution of the city of Novosibirsk “Kindergarten No. 10 “Rainbow” has been operating since January 2013.

The two floors of the new building housed spacious classrooms, a sports and music hall, a library, an experimental laboratory and a center for technical creativity. In addition, a medical unit is equipped, consisting of a medical, physio, massage and treatment rooms. We have a catering unit, a warehouse, a vegetable store, a castellan and a laundry.

On the territory of the kindergarten there are 14 playgrounds, a recreation area, a vegetable garden, flower beds and lawns. Educational work with children is carried out by 48 teachers with higher and secondary professional pedagogical education. Our kindergarten is attended by 515 children. Currently there are 16 groups:

2 short stay groups

2 early age groups (2-3 years old)

3 groups of primary preschool age (3-4 years)

3 middle age groups (4-5 years old)

3 senior groups (5-6 years old)

3 preparatory groups for school (6-7 years).

The content of the educational process in kindergarten No. 10 is determined by the main educational program of preschool education, developed on the basis of an exemplary educational program of preschool education “From birth to school”, edited by N.E. Veraksa, T.S. Komarova, M.A. .Vasilyeva, in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of DO and a set of teaching aids.

Materials are also used to ensure the maximum development of the psychological capabilities and personal potential of preschoolers: additional education programs, teaching aids, author’s developments and technologies, materials from work experience.

Teachers try to show maximum patience and attention, help children learn the secrets of the world around them, teach humanity, tolerance, teach them to keep faith in goodness and miracles. To the heart of each child pick up their “key”. Talented, cheerful, energetic, inexhaustible in invention teachers of our institution constantly find new exciting and effective ways to educate and educate tomboys. We have an atmosphere of joy, creative search and interesting discoveries!

Today, the municipal autonomous preschool educational institution of the city of Novosibirsk “Kindergarten No. 10 “Raduga” is a dynamically developing and effective educational institution where children with disabilities are educated inclusively.

Today, the teaching staff consists of more than 40 people, including three physical education instructors, four speech therapist teachers, a psychologist teacher, two music directors, while 70% of the teaching staff have the highest and first qualification category.

During the period of functioning of the kindergarten, teachers have accumulated vast experience, which is actively broadcast by participating in various competitions, publishing articles in print periodicals. Pedagogical workers take an active part in the city sports days, amateur art shows, and the concert program of the pupils has repeatedly decorated the city celebrations.

MADOU “Kindergarten No. 10” actively participates in various competitions and competitions, taking worthy places, including prizes. Our pupils, together with teachers, take part in music, games, sports and recreation and other events with pleasure. The kindergarten team willingly participates in the public life of our city and country, for which it has been repeatedly awarded with diplomas and letters of thanks.

It is impossible to imagine the activities of a modern educational institution without an innovative component – and here our teachers participate and win in competitions and reviews. Participation in competitions unites children and teachers, encourages them to cooperate, providing ample opportunities for developing the abilities of pupils in the framework of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard.

Address: 630001, Novosibirsk region, Novosibirsk, Sukharnaya st., 76

Head: Lyadova Galia Nailevna

Phone: 8(383) 204-64-15

E-mail: ds_10@edu54.