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“My mother was my creator”

American inventor and businessman Thomas Edison patented his first invention (an automatic vote counter) in 1868, when he was only 21 years old. By the end of his life, he became the owner of 1093 patents in the United States and many in Great Britain, Germany and France. Now it would never occur to anyone to doubt his mental abilities, but Edison’s school teacher thought differently: more than a century and a half ago, he actually admitted that the boy was incapable of learning. Olga Kuzmenko tells the story of the famous inventor.

Thomas Alva Edison was the seventh child of Samuel Edison and Nancy Eliot, but only four of his siblings survived to see him born. He was born on February 11, 1847 in Mylan, Ohio. Because the baby’s head was larger than normal for newborns, the doctor who delivered the baby suggested that he had a “brain fever.”

In childhood, everyone called the younger Edison Alva, or Al. His three-year-old sister Eliza died in December 1847, and the two remaining sisters and brother were much older than him, so Alva often played alone.

In 1847 Mylan was at the height of its prosperity. Eight years earlier, a canal had been drawn into the city, and Mylan had become one of the busiest ports on the Great Lakes. Farm produce and timber, Ohio’s main wealth, could now be brought to market much faster. Through Lake Erie and the canal of the same name, they went straight to New York. Carts loaded with agricultural products formed a queue for many kilometers at the entrance to the port.

Edison’s house stood near the canal, and Alva was constantly in the center of events. Together with friends, he sailed, built toy roads, built wagons and learned the songs of sailors and carpenters.

Like many inquisitive children, the future inventor often got into trouble

Once he fell into a canal and almost drowned. Another time, he fell into the funnel of a grain elevator, where he miraculously did not suffocate in a pile of grain. And while playing in his father’s wooden barn, Alva accidentally set it on fire, and it burned to the ground. Since the fire departments in Mylan were not equipped to extinguish entire buildings, the fire could have spread to neighboring buildings. Fortunately, this did not happen, but Alva’s father decided to publicly flog him for edification.

Samuel Edison loved his son, but the boy’s curiosity sometimes drove him crazy. He complained that Alva constantly asked stupid questions and got into trouble

Many of the young Edison’s problems were due to his inattention to what was happening around him. Once Alva went swimming with a friend in the bay, and while he was sitting on the shallows, immersed in his thoughts, his friend drowned. When Alva returned to reality, he decided that his friend had already gone home, so he did the same and did not say anything to anyone. In the evening, when the boy’s body surfaced, Alva was accused of the tragedy. The father decided that his son was an unfortunate troublemaker, and the boy himself was already beginning to believe it.

Alva was fascinated by one of the inhabitants of Mylan, Sam Winchester, the owner of a large mill powered by a steam engine – such an engine was just beginning to come into circulation at that time. In addition, the “crazy miller of Mylan” had a grandiose project: he was building a passenger airship.

Thomas Edison in his youth / Photo: ru. wikipedia.org

Seven-year-old Edison was constantly spinning around the mill. His father did not approve of this and often punished his son for sorties. But Alva was fascinated by Winchester’s stubborn intention to build an airship. Even having lost his mill due to ignited hydrogen, the miller was not going to give up.

He continued his experiments and a few years later he was able to take to the skies with his invention. No one saw Winchester again

In 1954, the prosperity of Mylan came to an end: with the advent of the railway, the canal lost its attractiveness for merchants. The Edisons sold the house and moved to the wealthy city of Port Huron, Michigan. There, the head of the family was engaged in a wide variety of commerce: from the sale of grain and timber to real estate.

In the courtyard of the house, Samuel Edison built a 30-meter wooden staircase and took 25 cents from those who wished to admire the view from its top. The neighbors laughed at his idea, but Edison Sr. did not pay attention to them, because his idea brought a good income. Alva helped his father collect the entrance fee, and seeing that the staircase was popular, he realized that people were willing to pay well for entertainment.

Alva’s early experience in the field made him realize the value of making money. He helped his parents grow corn, onions, radishes, parsnips, and beets on the family farm. When the harvest was ripe, he, along with another boy, took a horse harnessed to a wagon loaded with vegetables and drove around the neighborhood, knocking on neighbors’ doors and offering their goods.

At that time there were several laws that required children to attend school. The first of these was adopted in Massachusetts in 1852, but it took 60 years for all the states to follow suit.

Most of the children didn’t go to school anyway because they worked on farms, in mines or in factories. As a rule, they limited themselves to a few months of study during the cold season

However, the lack of education did not interfere with almost anyone in life. Basic reading, writing and numeracy skills were sufficient for most people.

Nancy Edison was the daughter of a priest, received a good education and worked as a school teacher in her youth. She taught Alva to read, write and draw, and soon after moving to Port Huron she decided to send her son to school. The future inventor grew up as a rather sickly child, and right before admission, he fell ill with scarlet fever. Antibiotics had not yet been invented, so the process of recovery delayed Alva’s acquaintance with the school for a long time.

The school was run by the Rev. George Ingle, who was a very strict teacher. His teaching method with his wife was to memorize lessons and recite them in front of the class.

If the child made a mistake, talked or behaved badly, the spouses beat him with a whip or a leather belt

Alva often got the hang of it, who simply could not sit in one place and repeat the memorized text. He was used to exploring everything on his own and believed that experiencing something from his own experience was much better than studying something he had never seen. He was constantly distracted in class and asked too many questions. The teacher repeatedly ridiculed his restlessness in front of the whole class, and then could not stand it and called him “stupid” (English addled, lit. “confused”, “confused”, applied to people who experienced problems in learning).

As an adult, Edison recalled: “I was never able to do well in school. In the class, I was always among the last in terms of academic performance. It seemed to me that the teachers could not understand me, and my father thought I was stupid.”

The boy ran home from school in tears and begged his mother to take him away from the hated educational institution. Enraged, Nancy Edison took her son by the hand and led him to investigate the situation. Reverend Ingle’s methods of upbringing, who forced children to study by force, seemed unacceptable to her.

Thomas Edison’s formal education ended after three months of attending lessons – his mother decided to educate him on her own

After two unsuccessful attempts to find a suitable school, this idea was abandoned forever and Edison was homeschooled all his childhood. By and large, his mother did not teach him anything – he studied on his own. Nancy looked for books on subjects that were of interest to her son and did not force him to devote too much time to subjects that he did not like, such as spelling and arithmetic.

By the age of nine, Alva was independently reading books on world history, the works of William Shakespeare and Charles Dickens. The first scientific book he read was Natural and Experimental Philosophy by Richard Greene Parker, which finally established in him the desire for inventions and experiments.

One of the main inventions of Thomas Edison is an incandescent lamp / Photo: ru.wikipedia.org

The act of a mother who believed that her son was not “stupid”, but only needed a different approach, was forever imprinted in Edison’s heart. “My mother was my creator,” he said. “She understood me, she gave me the opportunity to follow my inclinations.”

As a result, after studying for only three months in an ordinary school and further educating himself, Thomas Edison grew into one of the most famous inventors of his time.

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