Cricket hunt: Cricket Hunter Wasps – Insects in the City

Опубликовано: June 30, 2023 в 3:24 pm

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Категории: Miscellaneous

Cricket Hunter Wasps – Insects in the City

Cricket hunter wasps are dull black, about 3/4 inch long and move with a rapid twitching motion. 

Liris beatus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) is an unusual wasp that occasionally becomes a pest in Texas homes. Known as the cricket-hunter wasp because of its habit of catching and feeding crickets to its offspring, these wasps are common outdoor insects.

Identification

Cricket-hunter wasps are ½ – 5/8 inches long, dull black in coloration, with grey or dusky-colored wings. They spend much of their time searching for crickets, which they attempt to sting, capture, and transport live to their nest. After a cricket victim has been subdued and carried to suitable shelter, the female lays on it a single egg. After hatching, the larva begins feeding immediately on its paralyzed cricket prey. One cricket probably provides enough food for a single wasp to develop.

Damage

Cricket-hunter wasps can be found actively climbing up and down walls of bathrooms and other living areas. They can appear indoors year-round, but are most common in late summer, fall, and during warm spells in the winter. Infestations can be persistent and annoying. Though not normally aggressive, when prompted these insects can occasionally sting.

So what are these wasps doing in homes? In nature, female cricket-hunter wasps establish nest sites in holes in the ground, such as rodent burrows. In urban areas, where natural nesting sites are rare, these wasps take advantage of man-made cavities in the walls of buildings.  Good sites include weep holes in brick facings or other openings in walls or under house foundations. A single female may deposit several crickets, each with egg, in a nest site. In addition, other female wasps may share the same site, building cricket stashes up into the hundreds or possibly thousands.

When the cricket hunter larva matures, a process that may take several weeks or months, they pupate and wait for suitable conditions to occur to emerge as an adult.   When conditions are favorable, the adult wasps will emerge and attempt to exit from the nest area. If nests are located in walls, or under the foundation of a home, some wasps may emerge indoors through gaps around windows, air vents, or similar wall openings.

Because many crickets may be provisioned within a wall void in the manner described above, dozens or hundreds of  wasps may emerge into a home, giving the false impression that a large colony, like a bee’s nest, is present in a walll or attic.

Control

It’s difficult to prevent adult cricket-hunter wasps from emerging into living areas of a building once nesting sites have been established in a wall or under a foundation. If openings through which wasps enter living areas can be located, they should be sealed. Adult wasps can usually be safely killed with a fly swatter, or else captured and released outdoors to continue their cricket hunting activities.

The best solution for a cricket hunter wasp infestation is prevention. Start with a careful assessment of possible entry points outside the home or building.  Seal any outside openings you find that might provide access to wall voids. Ventilation holes, such as weep holes, should be screened with 1/8th inch or finer mesh screen. Cracks and gaps should be sealed with expanding foam, mortar, or other appropriate material.

Besides openings in walls, look for areas of soil subsidence or sandy soil that shows evidence of burrows.  Such areas should be filled with soil or fine gravel and, where appropriate, covered with landscape cloth or plastic and mulch to discourage further burrowing.

In cases of heavy wasp infestations, non-insulated wall voids may be treated with pesticide aerosols or dusts.  Treatment of insulation-filled, exterior walls is not likely to be helpful.  Sealing and caulking of all possible points of entry into the home is the preferable solution.

You can help

Little is yet known about cricket hunter wasps as indoor pests. If you are outside the Dallas-Fort Worth area and have wasp infestations fitting the description in this fact sheet, the author would be interested in obtaining samples of the offending insects and any observations about its behavior. Please consider leaving a comment in the box below, or contact Michael Merchant via email.  Samples of the insects themselves, or good digital images are useful.  Specimens should be preserved in ethyl or rubbing alcohol with the location and date collected. Your help is greatly appreciated.

For more information

For more information about stinging wasps see the Extension publication E-239, Wasps, Yellowjackets and Solitary Wasps. For more information about arthropods, check out the Texas A&M Entomology Website at http://insects.tamu.edu/.

Author

Michael Merchant, Ph.D., Professor and Extension Urban Entomologist, Texas AgriLife Extension Service.

Species Chlorion aerarium – Steel-blue Cricket-hunter Wasp

Home » Guide » Arthropods (Arthropoda) » Hexapods (Hexapoda) » Insects (Insecta) » Ants, Bees, Wasps and Sawflies (Hymenoptera) » Aculeata – Ants, Bees and Stinging Wasps » Apoidea (minus Anthophila) – Apoid Wasps » Thread-waisted Wasps (Sphecidae) » Chloriontinae » Chlorion » Steel-blue Cricket-hunter Wasp (Chlorion aerarium)

Classification · Other Common Names · Synonyms and other taxonomic changes · Size · Identification · Range · Habitat · Life Cycle · Remarks · Print References · Works Cited

Classification

Kingdom Animalia (Animals)

Phylum Arthropoda (Arthropods)

Subphylum Hexapoda (Hexapods)

Class Insecta (Insects)

Order Hymenoptera (Ants, Bees, Wasps and Sawflies)

No Taxon (Aculeata – Ants, Bees and Stinging Wasps)

No Taxon (Apoidea (minus Anthophila) – Apoid Wasps)

Family Sphecidae (Thread-waisted Wasps)

Subfamily Chloriontinae

Genus Chlorion

Species aerarium (Steel-blue Cricket-hunter Wasp)

Other Common Names

Steel-blue cricket wasp

Synonyms and other taxonomic changes

Chlorion aerarium Patton 1879

Size

~25 mm

Identification

Ch. cyaneum (which co-occurs with Ch. aerarium in sAZ and sTX) can be distinguished as follows(1):

Male: face with silvery appressed pubescence (absent in C. aerarium, hairs dark)

Female: mesopleural surface ridged or wrinkled between punctures; pronotum and scutum with coarse, rather dense punctures, at least anteriorly (C. aerarium: mesopleural surface everywhere smooth between punctures; pronotum and scutum with fine, widely scattered punctures).

Range

transcontinental(2): so. Canada to Mexico

Habitat

Although generally not closely associated with humans, they are found wherever their hosts (Gryllus crickets) are found, which could include close proximity to homes (though not so much as Sceliphron and Chalybion). Chlorion is usually found in open areas such as meadows, overgrown fields, dunes, beach edges, etc., although they may not necessarily hunt in the same habitat as they nest. They are sometimes associated with the Cicada Killer where the ranges of these two wasps overlap, C. aerarium digging burrows off side of the larger wasps nest (O’Brien, 1989).

Life Cycle

Females with prey:

Remarks

Females mass-provision several serial cells, each containing from 2 to 9 nymphs or adults of Gryllus. Prey are dragged venter-up, with the wasp’s mandibles grasping the cricket’s antennae.

Print References

O’Brien M.F. (1989) Distribution and biology of the sphecine wasps of Michigan (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Sphecinae). Great Lakes Entomol. 22: 199-217.

Works Cited

1. Sphecid wasps of the world: a generic revision
Richard Mitchell Bohart, Arnold S. Menke. 1976. University of California Press.
2. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Karl V. Krombein, Paul D. Hurd, Jr., David R. Smith, and B. D. Burks. 1979. Smithsonian Institution Press.

Contributed by john and jane balaban on 14 November, 2004 – 4:42pm
Additional contributions by cotinis, Beatriz Moisset, Matthias Buck, Mike Quinn, NFensler, ceiseman, v belov, Robert H. Biagi, PaleoJon, bdagley
Last updated 11 May, 2023 – 5:01pm

Basic rules of cricket. — Encyclopedia of modern knowledge

Plan

I. Introduction.

II. Main part.

1. The history of cricket.

2. Rules of the game of cricket.

3. Equipment and equipment for playing cricket.

4. Amateur and professional cricket.

5. Ashes Tournament.

6.Computer game of cricket.

7. Conclusion.

The topic of my report is cricket. Until recently, I confused the concepts of cricket and croquet, what can not be done, because they are completely different games. After reading a lot of literature, I understood the differences between cricket and croquet. I learned a lot of interesting facts about the history of the game and its features. And now I will try to tell you about it.

Residents of big cities enjoy spending time outside the city. Traditional occupations are hunting, fishing, sports. It is no coincidence that the names of many sports games are of English origin. Until now, there are many adherents of football, tennis, basketball, field hockey in the UK. Especially popular today are golf, horseback riding, horse polo and fox hunting.

Tennis is very popular. Wimbledon hosts annual national championships. The other two tournaments, the Davis Cup (international and men’s only) and the Whiteman Cup (women’s only from the US and UK) also attract large numbers of spectators.

International golf competitions include the Walker Cup (amateur) and the Ryder Cup (professional) between the United States and the United Kingdom. National tournaments include the British Open and the British Amateur.

The number of international athletics events is also on the rise thanks to the Olympic Games and records set by British runners.

The annual rowing competitions include, in addition to the meetings between the teams of Oxford and Cambridge, the Henley Regatta, which is an event of international importance.

Horse racing includes cross-country running (Derby) and steeplechase (steeple chase). Derbies are held annually at Newmarket Racecourse, which is owned by the Jockey Club. The club holds two types of races. Derby and Oaks are held at Epsom Downs; Saint Leger – in Doncaster; and Royal Ascot is at Ascot. The largest national steeple chases are held annually in Aintree, near Liverpool.

Dog racing became popular in 1926; there are currently 130 treadmills, which are visited annually by about 10 million Britons.

Car racing is also popular. Every year there are races for the British Grand Prix (Formula 1), the Tourist Trophy (sports cars) and 14 other motor races. The rallies organized by the drivers’ clubs take place more than 3,000 times a year.

All over the country every day there are always some competitions in the most diverse sports. The most famous – the traditional Boat Race of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge takes place in London on the river. Thames at the end of March, the Grand National Steeple Chase (the oldest and most prestigious equestrian event in the world) takes place in Aintree on the first Saturday of April, the national football championship reaches its climax at London’s Wembley Stadium (until 2001) in May, the most prestigious tennis competitions on the planet are held in Wimbledon at the end of June, the Royal Regatta starts in Heinley-on-Thames also in June, and at the end of July, a real extravaganza of yachting is held – Cowes Wick Week on the Isle of Wight.

Cricket is probably the most popular game (after football) in the UK. It is somewhat similar to a lapta, but there is no Russian recklessness in it. Something baseball … but without the American aggressiveness. Cricket is a 100% English sport. And not of the sort that hooligan football or rugby. It is much closer to tennis or golf, where the audience is restrained and equally grateful to all players, and where the friendly cry of Marat Safin – hey hey! causes indignation of the neighbors, as if they are all at least counts and princes, and the troublemaker is a commoner.

Cricket itself is very similar to its fans. The spectacle is measured and viscous, like honey. Sometimes watching a match makes you feel a strong feeling of being at a lecture of a grandfather-professor, monotonously reading his material for a good half a century. Information flows smoothly into your ears and presses some buttons in your brain. You, especially not wanting to sleep, suddenly begin to nod off, and then, unable to fight anymore, find yourself in the arms of Morpheus. A friend wakes you up, announcing the beginning of the break …

Origin

Cricket is a truly English game that originated in the 13th century. It is in English documents that the word “cricet” is first encountered. Its name comes from the Saxon word for stick. Presumably, from the word “cric” – the so-called shepherd’s stick, which was used to lock the gates of the pasture. Probably, the shepherds had fun playing ball with the help of this stick curved at the end while looking after the herds.

Cricket is believed to have evolved from the old games of stick and ball, bat and ball, and trap and ball.

The game originated in the south-east of Great Britain, on sheep pastures – there was low grass on which it was convenient to roll the ball (it was made of wool or rags). They defended the gate with a shepherd’s stick.

The first records of cricket date back to the year 1300: an account of spending by the royal court mentions an amount of 100 shillings and 6 pounds spent on “krieg” and other sports by Prince Edward.

If in the documents of the 15th century there are occasional mentions of boys playing “crackett”, then in the 16th century evidence of a passion for this game is more frequent. Oliver Cromwell is said to have played cricket in his youth.

This game flourished in the late 18th century. The beginning of this was laid by the team of the English village of Hambledon, who founded the Cricket Club in 1750. In 1787, the Marie-leBon Cricket Club (MCC) was created, which developed new rules a year later.

In 1900, cricket was even included in the list of the Olympic Games, but for many reasons – the unpopularity of this sport in many countries, the lack of competition – cricket was excluded.

The first Cricket World Cup held at 1912, failed. It was not possible to determine the winner among the three participants (Australia, England and South Africa) due to bad weather. The second World Cup took place only in 1975. Teams from England, Australia, New Zealand, the West Indies, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and East Africa competed for the first World Cup. Since then, this competition has been held every four years.

The British are incredibly reverent about cricket, not recognizing that this game could have been born in some other country. As baseball is played everywhere in the USA, so in England the rules of cricket are known from the cradle.

In addition to England, cricket is very common in India, Greece and Australia.

In Russia, cricket did not take root, although it is very similar to the old Russian game of bast shoes.

Basic rules of cricket.

The first set of rules for cricket is the “Code of 1744”, which specifies the official sizes of various cricket objects.

The rules of cricket at first glance are not particularly complicated, but if you play this sport professionally, you will have to study a weighty volume with all the nuances of the game.

The game is played between two teams of 11 players each. The goal of the game is to earn more points (runs) than the opposing team. A match consists of one or more parts, each of which is called an innings. In each inning, one team bats and the other pitches once.

Cricket is usually played on grass. The cricket field is an oval area (cricket field), oval in shape measuring 80 by 60-70 meters, inside of which is an earthen strip 20.12 meters (22 yards) long. At each end of a strip of land in the field, three posts are stuck, on top of which two small wooden crossbars are placed. (height 67.5 cm, width 20 cm).

This design is called a wicket. At each gate with bats in hand are the players of the batting team. A player on the serving team, called a bowler, throws the ball from near one of the wickets towards the other, trying to hit the wicket. The player of the kicking team (batsman), standing next to the gate, tries to protect it using a bat.

If the kicker hits the ball, he may run to the opposite wicket. The player standing at the other gate runs towards him, trying to take the place of the striker. Each such run earns a point for the batting team. The serving team tries to catch the ball and return it to one of the wickets. If the ball hit the wicket at the moment when at least one of the running players was between the wickets (behind the line), then this running player is out of the game, and another player of the kicking team takes his place. The batter is also out of the game if he fails to protect his wicket from the ball during the service or the ball is caught by a player of the kicking team after a player on the batter’s team has hit the ball or touched the ball with the bat before the ball hit the ground.

When 10 players on the batting team are eliminated, the inning ends and the teams switch sides. If both teams serve once, the inning ends. A multi-day match usually consists of one or two innings (usually 5 days are allotted for two innings). The team with the most runs at the end of the match is declared the winner. If the time allotted for the match expired before it had time to end, then a draw is declared.

Players

Each team consists of 11 players. A well-balanced team will have 4-5 bowlers (players who specialize in serves) and 5-6 batsmen (batsman) who specialize in batting. The most valuable players are the all-rounders – those who serve well and hit back well. Each team has one special player called the wicket-keeper. His task is to catch the pitched ball missed by the striker and try to hit the wicket with the ball if the striker was behind the line.

Match

Before the start of the match, the captains choose 11 players and determine by lot who serves first.

Overs

Each inning consists of a series of overs. A series consists of 6 innings served by the same bowler. The same bowler is not allowed to bowl two runs in a row. During one series, the bowler bowls from one side of the court. The next bowler is serving his series from the other side of the court.

Points

To earn one point for their team, both players of the attacking team must run to the other wicket and touch the ground behind the bat line or any part of the body. Sometimes a good hit on the ball allows the offensive team to score more points if the players manage to run from wicket to wicket more than once, while the players of the serving team are trying to return the ball and break the wicket. If the ball bounces (or rolls) out of bounds, the offensive team gets 4 points. If the ball at the same time flew out of the field without touching the ground, then the attacking team earns 6 points. Points can also be awarded in case of violations or incorrectly executed serves.

The first two players on the offensive team are usually the strongest hitters and score the most points.

Galileo. Cricket and croquet


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