Clases d: Driver License Classes – California DMV

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Terminos y Condiciones

Términos y Condiciones generales de uso del sitio.

Clasesd modificará los presentes términos y condiciones de uso del sitio según crea conveniente, se recomienda revisarlas periódicamente en esta misma dirección. Al usar este servicio estas dando tu aceptación de los términos y condiciones generales del uso del sitio, por otra parte, la más reciente modificación del presente documento fue hecha el 15 de diciembre de 2011.

Descripción del servicio que brinda Clasesd.com

Clasesd es un sitio para que los alumnos encuentren y prueben cualquier clase particular presencial que nosotros ofrecemos en su ciudad, así mismo somos un medio para conseguirle nuevos alumnos a toda la comunidad de maestros e instituciones que forman parte de Clasesd.

Nos reservamos el derecho por cualquier razón a prestar o dejar de prestar el servicio del sitio, a cualquier maestro o institución según nosotros lo creamos conveniente. Así mismo, podemos descontinuar el servicio prestado en Clasesd sin previo aviso.

¿Qué aceptamos en Clasesd?

Únicamente clases , cursos, talleres y diplomados extracurriculares presenciales, ya sean

de un maestro particular o de una institución.

Nosotros no aceptamos cualquier tipo curso online, escuela de enseñanza preescolar, primaria, secundaria, preparatoria o universitaria, si algún usuario llegase a publicar cualquiera de las anteriores mencionadas, será eliminada de Clasesd sin previo aviso.

Términos de las cuentas en Clasesd

Los siguientes términos aplicarán para todas las cuentas que hayan sido creadas en Clasesd:

• Debes ser humano para abrir una cuenta, cualquier cuenta registrada por “bots” o cualquier tipo de métodos automáticos no están permitidos.
• Al utilizar el servicio debes proveer los datos reales que se te pidan, es decir, tu nombre legal completo, una dirección de e-mail válida, tu número telefónico, dirección, así como cualquier otra información que Clasesd considere necesaria. Así mismo los datos proporcionados no serán publicados en el sitio y si cualquier dato fuese publicado Clasesd se reserva el derecho a editarlos.
• Al publicar una clase te haces responsable de no subir en el sitio cualquier contenido que esté protegido por las leyes de propiedad intelectual, copyright o sea una marca registrada, esto sin el debido consentimiento de su propietario.
• El usuario que crea una cuenta en Clasesd es el único responsable de cuidar su nombre de cuenta y su contraseña para ingresar al sitio, por lo que si el usuario la extravía u olvida será este usuario, el único responsable.
• Te comprometes a reportar cualquier cambio de domicilio, teléfono, correo electrónico o dato relacionado a la publicación de una clase.
• Con el fin de tener más impacto en los alumnos, Clasesd se reserva el derecho de editar los datos publicados en cualquiera de las cuentas del sitio.
• Cualquier tipo de comentario ofensivo publicado en el sitio es responsabilidad del propietario de una cuenta, por lo cual Clasesd no se hace responsable de cualquier daño moral a la integridad de una persona o una marca.
• Clasesd se reserva el derecho de publciar cualquier cantidad de clases para cada tipo de clase. Sin importar que existan clases con temas iguales.
• No se podrá publicar clases relacionadas a proselitismo de ideas políticas o gremiales, así como no están permitidas las clases que promuevan violencia, erotismo, sectarismo, religión, espiritualidad, intolerancia, racismo, vicios ó cualquier acto ilícito.

Reglas para los alumnos que usen Clasesd

• Al usar Clasesd estás dando tu aceptación de los términos y condiciones generales de uso del sitio.
• Todas las clases publicadas en Clasesd son ofrecida directamente por los maestros que publican su clase, no por Clasesd.
• Te comprometes que asistirás a una clase únicamente por motivos educacionales y no para copiar técnicas de estudio, materiales o truncar relaciones entre algún maestro y alumno.

Reglas para los maestros que usen Clasesd

• Al estar publicada tu clase en Clasesd garantizas que cuentas con los conocimientos necesarios para impartir una clase y que al mismo tiempo la ofrecerás una clase de calidad.
• Al tener publicada una clase en el sitio entiendes y das tu consentimiento de que Clasesd hará publicidad para conseguirte un nuevo alumno.
• Al tener una cuenta en Clasesd, asumes la completa responsabilidad del contenido publicado en tu clase.
• Al contar con los datos personales de un alumno te comprometes a no hacer mal uso de ellos ni lucrar de ninguna manera con ellos.
• Por medio del sitio los alumnos darán y evaluarán su experiencia en tu clase. Por lo cual no podemos controlar el contenido de esa evaluación, si es que tu clase es clasificada como mala, de igual forma en Clasesd no seremos responsable bajo ninguna razón de los resultados de dicha evaluación.
• Clasesd.com brindará el servicio para conseguirte nuevos alumnos para todas las clases que publiques en nuestro sitio, este servicio funcionará por tiempo indefinido, hasta que tú nos indiques lo contrario en tu administrador de clases.
• Puedes editar una clase o curso que no desees impartir.  
• Solo deberás informar a Clasesd de cualquier cambio que hagas de los títulos de tus clases o de baja definitiva, esto es para evitar perder los posicionamientos ya logrados por medio de Clasesd, de lo contrario al dar de baja una clase sin previo aviso, los posicionamientos se pierden del administrador de Clasesd sin poderse recuperar y seguirán publicados en la búsqueda de Google, hasta que Google los dé, de baja.
• Al estar inscrito en Clasesd.com te comprometes a dar un descuento a los alumnos que llegen de parte de Clasesd.com.
• Recuerda que si estás en Clasesd.com nos estarás dando el permiso de conseguirte alumnos para todas tus clases que estén publicadas en el sitio.
• Tus datos de contacto en la página serán mostrados, para que sean el medio de contacto del alumno contigo.
• De no desear seguir publicado en Clasesd, deberás informarlo, ya que solo Clasesd es el único autorizado de dar de baja definitiva toda la información de tus clases.

Pagos y cuotas

• Para crear las paginas de las clases es necesario un mínimo del 50% de anticipo. Y por ninguna causa hay devoluciones del anticipo o del total del monto ya pagado.
• Los diseños fuera del paquete básico se cobrarán por separado.
• Es necesario cubrir la totalidad del costo del servicio para que tus clases sean publicadas.

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What is the difference between D-class amplifiers and AB-class amplifiers

What is the difference between D-class amplifiers and AB-class amplifiers?

Everyone has probably heard that amplifiers can work in classes A, AB or, say, in class D. But, as practice shows, not everyone knows what lies under these designations. Now we will tell you what it is, and we will try to draw conclusions – which amplifier and in what cases will suit your audio system best.
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How do amplifiers work?

First you need to understand how any amplifier works in general. You may be surprised, but in fact it … does not enhance anything. The principle of its operation is more similar to the operation of a conventional water faucet – you turn the handle, and the water flows either stronger, then weaker, or not at all.

In amplifiers, everything happens in exactly the same way – the current from a powerful power supply is passed through a speaker connected to the amplifier. The role of the “crane” is performed by the output transistors, and the signal that enters the amplifier from the head unit controls their opening and closing. And that’s how this “faucet” (output transistors) works, just determines the class of the amplifier.
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How do AV amplifiers work?

Obviously, a good amplifier should work without distortion. In other words, the output signal with its shape must exactly repeat the input. But, unfortunately, nothing is perfect, including electronic components.

For example, transistors have the property that they open and close not quite in proportion to the input signal. In other words, their work is non-linear. It’s like if you turn the tap handle, the water will flow weakly at first, and then at some point the pressure will suddenly increase dramatically.
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Because of this non-linearity, transistors in AB-class amplifiers usually have to be kept ajar even when there is no signal. This is necessary so that when even the slightest signal appears, they start working immediately, and do not wait for the signal to reach a certain level. So the amplifier will work with minimal distortion, and this would seem to solve the problem.

In reality, this means that some of the useful energy will be wasted by the amplifier. Just imagine that you open all the taps in your house, and a trickle of water will constantly flow through each of them.
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But transistors are never completely open either. If this happens, then this means that the output signal has reached its maximum, and then the amplifier will simply start to limit it (clipping).

As a result, it turns out that there will always be losses of useful energy in AV-class amplifiers, and the efficiency is far from ideal 100%. In practice, their efficiency usually ranges from 40% to 70%. Low efficiency – this is the main drawback of AV-class amplifiers.
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How Class D Amplifiers Work

The basic principle of operation of the D-class is absolutely the same as that of the AB-class – such amplifiers also have output transistors that can open or close by adjusting the current through the speakers connected to them. Only their opening is controlled by a signal, which is very far from the input in its form.

The signal that came to the amplifier from the head unit is continuous, but its amplitude is constantly changing. At the input of a D-class amplifier, it is converted into a pulsed one – the amplitude is constant, but the signal is interrupted. The duration of the pulses and pauses between them change in proportion to the input signal. For example, if the amplitude of the input signal is higher, the pulses are longer; if the amplitude is lower, the pulses are shorter. nine0005

It is this signal that is fed to the output transistors. And it is obvious that in this case they will work in a completely different way – either fully open or fully closed, without intermediate options. This means that unnecessary heat losses will be minimal, which means that the efficiency of a D-class amplifier can come close to the ideal of 100%.

Of course, it is too early to apply such an intermittent signal immediately to the acoustic systems, before that it needs to be “returned” to its normal form. This is done using special elements – an output inductor (inductor) and a capacitor. After them, an amplified signal is obtained at the output, repeating the input in its form. Here he goes to the speakers.
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The main advantage of D-class amplifiers is high efficiency, which means more economical consumption of power supply unit energy. Other things being equal, D-class amplifiers are more powerful and more compact than traditional amplifiers.

Which amplifier is better – D-class or AB-class?

For a long time, it was believed that AB-class amplifiers should be chosen for connecting speakers, because they do not need high power, and they have less distortion. This was due to the fact that D-class amplifiers usually converted the input signal into a pulsed signal at a low frequency, and as a result they worked well only in the subwoofer range.
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Today, technology has stepped far forward, powerful high-speed transistors have appeared that can switch (open and close) almost instantly. There are many broadband D-class amplifiers on the market. Broadband – these are D-class amplifiers that are designed for use not only with subwoofers, but also with speaker systems. For those cases when a lot of power is not needed, such amplifiers can be made extremely compact.
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How to choose an amplifier?

If space permits, you can safely choose an AB-class amplifier for connecting speakers. The circuitry of such amplifiers has been well developed over the years, they have high sound quality and, in the event of a malfunction, they can be easily repaired at the nearest workshop.

When the space for mounting an amplifier is very limited, look for full-range D-class models. With the same power as the AV-class models, they are much more compact, for the most part they heat up less, and they can even be installed discreetly, with minimal intervention in the regular elements of the car.
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For connecting subwoofers, D-class amplifiers have more advantages. Bass is the most “energy-consuming” frequency range, and therefore the efficiency of the amplifier can be crucial. And this D-class has no competitors.

Back to the list

Car classes A, B, C, D, E, F, J, M, S – European car classification ). And in general, sedans of all classes are smoothly “moving” into taxi and corporate parks and garages of a small conservative layer of private owners. But first things first. nine0005

A-class

These are small, nimble city cars with small engines (usually from 0.8 to 1.4 liters), with mechanical, robotic or automatic transmissions and trunks of symbolic sizes. Outside of large cities, they are usually not used. Of the babies currently sold in Russia, only the Kia Picanto and the Smart family, which were left alone by the Italian Fiat 500 not so long ago, hold positions. Renault Logan, Hyundai Solaris, Volkswagen Polo, Skoda Rapid and other “people’s” cars – all this is the B-class, the most popular in Russia. They are spacious and functional enough for family use, for the most part they are unpretentious, but they will not give the sophisticated car enthusiast any comfort, dynamics, or special status. Their motors most often have a capacity of up to 150 hp. With. – sometimes a little more. nine0005

C-Class

Also known as Golf Class, a tribute to the founding father of Volkswagen Golf. Popular representatives have already been mentioned: Audi A3 Sedan, Toyota Corolla, Hyundai Elantra, Ford Focus, Volkswagen Gold, Skoda Octavia and others. They are larger, more comfortable and, of course, more expensive than B-class cars, but they are primarily aimed at individual use. The power ceiling of such cars is 200–220 hp. With. Although there are exceptions (Audi RS 3, for example).

D-class

These are full-size sedans and station wagons represented in Russia by such models as Toyota Camry, Skoda Superb, Volkswagen Passat, Audi A4, Ford Mondeo, Mercedes C-class, KIA K5 and Hyundai Sonata.

These cars are popular with corporate fleets. Large dimensions give these cars even more comfort when driving, and in the maximum configurations they can be equipped with options unprecedented for the same B-class: from ventilation of the rear seats to media systems built into the headrests of the front seats. A rare D-class car engine for the Russian market will cross the “tax threshold” at 249l. With.

E-class

This segment is also called business class. Popular representatives are Audi A6, Mercedes-Benz E-class, BMW 5-series, Hyundai Genesis G80, Volvo S90. They can be operated both independently and with a driver. There is a place to roam here: not only engines with a capacity of over 400 hp can be installed on such cars. s., but also premium options such as ceramic trim controls, massagers in the seats, active cruise control, air suspension and night vision system. nine0005

F-class

These are executive cars, the owners almost never drive them. They are designed to give maximum comfort and status to the passenger sitting in the rear seat – in such cars, a conditionally three-seat rear sofa most often turns into two full-fledged “VIP” seats with electric backrest adjustment and a footrest. Strictly speaking, a car does not have to be representative in order to claim the status of luxury in terms of equipment and comfort, but it is the representatives of the F-class that usually absorb all the “juice” of the options developed by the automotive industry. Among them are the BMW 7 Series, Audi A8, Mercedes-Benz S-Class, Bentley Flying Spur, Rolls Royce Phantom, Lexus LS. Such machines can offer very rare options for the market. For example, a bulletproof body or refrigerated champagne boxes. Since such cars weigh more than 2,000 kg, their engines traditionally have high power – from 250 hp. With. nine0005

S-class

S – from the word “sport”. Any sports (of course, not in a true racing sense) coupes fall under this class. For example, Mercedes-Benz AMG GT, BMW M4, Audi TT, Audi R8, Lamborghini huracan, Porsche 911 and other two-door versions of standard model lines (Audi A5, BMW M2, Mercedes-Benz E-class coupe). Such cars are made for the driver: they are powerful (from 300 or more hp), cumbersome to maintain and unique in their ability to give the owner the emotions of driving. nine0005

M-class

These are minivans and commercial vans of all kinds: from the modest LADA Largus and the relatively budget Kia Carnival to the world-famous Volkswagen Caravelle and the premium Mercedes-Benz V-class. With seven or more seats, they are great for large families or group travel. On their basis, camping cars are often made that can turn from a van into a full-fledged motor home. They are rarely equipped with engines more powerful than 300 hp. s., since no one, except for the clients of the tuning studio, as a rule, expects dynamic characteristics from vans. nine0005

J-class

Even the most experienced Russian experts in the automotive world sometimes call everything that has four-wheel drive and increased ground clearance a jeep. In fact, only cars of the American brand Jeep can be classified as jeeps.

At the same time, everything that has increased cross-country ability belongs to class J. The latter can be provided with both all-wheel drive and a transfer case, as well as slightly increased ground clearance for a mono-drive station wagon. The spread of other characteristics is just as great here, so we will limit ourselves to well-known examples of representatives of the class: Jeep Wrangler, Volkswagen Touareg, Kia Sportage, Hyundai Tucson and .