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Bartlett Frederick Charles

1886-1969

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Frederick Charles Bartlett

Bartlett, Frederick Charles (1886-1969), English psychologist,
specialist in problems of experimental psychology of thinking,
perception and
memory, military psychology. Biography. Professor of Experimental Psychology at
universities of Cambridge (since 1931) and London. Director of Psychological
laboratories in Cambridge. Research. One of the first to show that the process
memorization is not reproductive, but constructive, and is based on the creation
internal image (scheme) of the environment. He explored the natural situation
memorization of meaningful material (memory-story). It was experimental
it is shown that memorization is never literal, that strategies
memorization is due to the desire to make recall easier, which, when
memorization, emphasis is placed on certain points that are recognized
the most important. The main content is remembered, and the details, specific
descriptions transform and disappear, although they can be reconstructed, but more often
everything is wrong. On this basis, it was postulated that memory is based on
two active processes: on the perception of new information (listening, reading,
watching) and active playback. In this case, the information is transformed into two
times – at the time of receipt and at the time of reproduction. Functions and memory structure
Bartlett considered in the context of culture, recognizing a large role for social
organization of human memory. As S. L. Rubinshtein, F. Ch. Bartlett emphasized
gave a subjectivist understanding of memory, emphasizing the moment of imagination in it; V
the opposite of this in Soviet psychology is the reconstruction of the content of memory
is understood primarily as a conscious attitude to the process of reproduction,
based on rational thinking, which provides comparison
restored content with what should be (Rubinshtein S. L. Fundamentals
general psychology: In 2 t. M .: Pedagogy, 1989. Vol. 1).

Kondakov I.M. Psychology. Illustrated dictionary. // THEM. Kondakov. –
2nd ed. add. And a reworker. – St. Petersburg, 2007, p. 56.

Bartlett Frederick Charles (1886-1969) – English psychologist,
specialist in the field of experimental, cognitive and social psychology.
Author of the theory of the influence of social factors on human memory. B. since childhood
was engaged in self-education in the library; Graduated from the London Correspondence College
un-ta (Master of Sociology and Ethics) and Cambridge University (Master, Moral
Sciences). Early became interested in social anthropology and at 1914 became deputy. head
Psychological laboratory at the University of Cambridge and lecturer
experimental psychology. In 1922, after the resignation of Meyers, he received the title
assistant professor and becomes head. by this laboratory. In 1923 he publishes the first
monograph: “Psychology and Primitive Culture”. From 1924 to 1948 – B.
permanent editor of the British Journal of Psychology. However, soon B.
changes the direction of his research, switching from purely theoretical
questions to where there were unresolved practical problems. Abandoning
sociology and anthropology, he took up the experimental psychology of perception and
memory. At 1931 B. — first professor of experimental psychology
University of Cambridge. In 1932 he became a member. Royal Society, Dr.
of Law, Doctor of Natural Sciences, Doctor of Philology and Doctor of Psychology. In the same
published his fundamental monograph “Remembering: A Study in
Experimental and Social Psychology” (1932), in which he analyzes the results
experiments on the influence of social factors on memory. When examining memory
and studying the influence of past experience on the assimilation of new material B. refused
using meaningless words, replacing them with meaningful ones
annoying words. With this step he broke with the German tradition,
whose representatives rejected introspection. Having analyzed the experimental
data for fifteen years, B. convincingly demonstrated that people are constantly
transform facts. The new experience acquired by people changes the scheme of perception, this
provides a dynamic structure or model in which the
experienced present. Subsequently, B. rarely turned to this theory,
leaving other scientists to use it in their research. For some
time he generally left academic psychology in ergonomics. At the beginning of the second
World War B. as part of the Research Committee of the Royal Air Force
participated in the analysis of psychological problems arising from the expansion
air fleet. At 1943 was awarded medals for his work
Royal Society of Bali and Huxley. After the war, B. taught at many high fur boots,
being an honorary doctor of the Athens, Princeton, Lowen, London,
Edinburgh, Oxford and Padua high fur boots. In 1948 he receives
title of nobility, in 1952 awarded the Royal Medal. From 1952 to
end of his days served as a consultant professor at the University of Cambridge
and Medical Research Council Consultant in Applied Psychology.
Early 1950s B. returns to active research.
Being engaged in the analysis of thought processes, he adapted the methods used by him
in the study of memory. Research results led B. to the idea that
thought process represents completion (by interpolation or
extrapolation) of unfinished situations. He developed special
experimental procedures for the systematic use of this idea.
The results were published in the monograph Thinking: An Experimental and Social
Study” (1958), which reflected both his personal experience and ideas about
anthropology, sociology and philosophy. B. occupies a prominent place in history
English psychology. Having headed a small laboratory in 1922, 30 years later
he already supervised more than 70 employees, and most of the most important
psychological research carried out in England in the middle of the 20th century,
belong to his students. B. is also the author of the monograph: “The Problem of Noise”,
Cambridge, 1934.

L.A. Karpenko

Psychological lexicon. Encyclopedic Dictionary in six volumes /
Ed.-stat. L.A. Karpenko. Under total ed. A.V. Petrovsky. — M.: PER SE, 2005,
pp.37-38.

Read more:

Historical persons
England (biographical guide).

Compositions:

Remembering: A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology. N.Y.: Macmillan,
1932; Thinking. L., 1958;

Human psyche in work and play. M., 1959.

Literature:

Solso R.L. Cognitive psychology. Moscow: Trivola, 1996;

F. C. Bartlett //
Psychology: Biographical Bibliographic Dictionary / Ed. N. Sheehy, E. J.
Chapman, W. A. ​​Conroy. St. Petersburg: Eurasia, 1999.

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