Kids r kids lms: Curriculum – Kids ‘R’ Kids

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Marketplace of training courses for children and LMS on Bubble – Development on vc.

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Andrey has been working in IT for 10 years, but has never programmed – he was an architect, product, project. He put together a marketplace of educational courses for children and an LMS – Brainfab on Bubble.

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What is Brainfab

This is an activity marketplace for kids – all lessons are live via zoom, no pre-recorded videos. In the future, any teacher will be able to add their lesson, but for now they are invited by the platform moderators. The main criteria are experience, willingness to teach online and specifically to children.

The service has lesson cards, registration for classes, user profile, personal account, which displays the schedule and paid classes, the choice of classes according to criteria.

Inside there is an admin panel and a server part – integration with telegram, automatic generation of schedules and links to Zoom conferences. There is a set of pages and repeating elements, there are several standard plugins.

The most difficult page of the project is the lesson card with a purchase. It has many processes configured that are triggered by different events, and each element has many properties. But making this page was easy.

I didn’t start Brainfab from scratch, I bought a template. This helped to better understand the Bubble concept, internal structure and principles, although it had to be heavily customized.

On the limitations and prospects of Bubble

This is a powerful tool that enhances the creation of IT products. And Andrey has not yet understood what the catch is and where the real restrictions begin 🙂 Mostly they complain about the speed, but this is not yet visible in Brainfab – all the more so, the project can be overclocked by connecting resources for an additional fee. So far, I have only encountered one limitation – SEO. But for him there are convenient plugins and optimization options for search engines.

At first I thought that Bubble was a cool thing for those who did not study to be a programmer. But now I think that this is a full-fledged tool that radically changes the economics of projects in IT and removes a number of serious restrictions.

In classical projects, only maintenance of all development environments already drags along a whole zoo of various expensive tools, hosting support processes, specialists and expensive resources. In addition, the risks of dependence on these resources are also growing. And in Bubble, everything is available out of the box: hosting, error monitoring, etc.

Connecting new hard drives to expand resources in classic development can take a week, but in Bubble it is done in a few clicks and the tariff costs $130 per month. Without it, only for hosting and administration, I would give three times more monthly. And if you add GitHub, paid software, etc. – even 4 times more. DevOps and process maintenance in classic frameworks is very expensive.

I’m looking at the Bubble development roadmap and I see that if these things are implemented, the service will become even more awesome. Already, Bubble is not at all like Tilda – this is not the tool in which you can make web pages with your own hands. It can be used to assemble complex IT products – both independently and by attracting professional Bubble developers.

Bubble is like Photoshop for programmers. Now only the third version of Bubble – and can you imagine what it will be like in the seventh version? It will be a fire in terms of maintenance cost: from hosting to autotests and error monitoring.

Why did you choose Bubble

I have been working in IT for a long time and always dreamed of cloud frameworks that would solve the problem with development – they would be centrally serviced, maintained and updated. In my understanding, Bubble is just such a tool: it visualizes the process, does not give access to the lower level of code, but in general behaves like a framework.

I learned about zero-coding tools at a webinar: platforms like Webflow and Adalo seemed inappropriate, and Bubble decided to study deeper. By that time, he already had an idea to assemble an educational platform for children; there was a question of implementation. Bubble studied in a week on English-language video tutorials and articles, almost immediately it became clear that this is a suitable tool for MVP.

In the first days of acquaintance with Bubble, I got so hooked on it that I organized a development studio on it. I think this needs to be done right now. But so far I can’t devote much time to the studio – it’s interesting to delve into the platform myself, I can’t stop.

Plans on Brainfab

I hope to launch the first version soon – we are just starting to test sales, but for now we need to complete the active phase of development and debugging. I hope that I can implement all the functions on Bubble – it seems that this is quite realistic. After testing sales in Russia, I plan to localize the service to enter other countries: the Russian market is needed to test the model and technologies.

Bubble is a platform for creating web applications that do not require programming skills. Bubble is an all-in-one tool. It has a visual editor, databases, tools for business logic and working with different APIs. Allows you to create full-featured chats, forums, systems for collecting and processing applications, task trackers, marketplaces, CRM and dashboards. Join our Bubble Chat & Community and Zerocoder channel.

Urology » Violation of the structure of the pelvic-ureteral segment with its obstruction

A morphological study of the pelvic-ureteral segments removed during surgery in 110 children with stage III hydronephrosis was carried out. The revealed morphological changes in the resected LMS indicate the predominance of sclerotic changes against the background of various types of dysplasia.

Key words: congenital hydronephrosis, obstructive uropathy, dysplasia, nephrosclerosis

Introduction. Among the huge number of congenital diseases of the urinary system in children, a special place is occupied by obstructive uropathy, the prevalence of which in the child population, according to different authors, varies from 1 to 6% [1].

Until now, the pathogenesis of hydronephrosis remains debatable. According to some authors [2–7], obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction (JIMC) and the development of hydronephrosis may be due to a mechanical obstruction in the JIMC (segment narrowing, an accessory vessel, segmental neuromuscular dysplasia of the UMC, high ureteral discharge, a valve in the JIMC area, periureteral embryonic adhesions, etc.), and according to others [8], the formation of hydronephrotic transformation is probably associated with primary evacuation failure of the renal pelvis in the absence of structural changes in the pelvic ureter.

Early diagnosis of hydronephrosis has become possible due to the widespread introduction of antenatal ultrasound diagnostics. Prenatally, dilatation of the upper urinary tract is recorded in 1–5% of the examined fetuses [9, 10]. Ultrasound examination performed in the postnatal period confirms hydronephrosis in 60% of cases of antenatally diagnosed disease [11, 12]. Therefore, approximately 3 out of 1000 newborns need in-depth examination and close monitoring.

In 18–25% of cases of hydronephrosis, urodynamic disturbances are caused by variant renal vessels that cross with the urinary tract in the pelvioureteral region [13–15]. According to foreign authors [16], lower polar accessory vessels as the cause of hydronephrotic transformation are stated with a frequency of 14 to 52%.

Clinical manifestations of urinary tract obstruction are, as a rule, transient abdominal pain and urinary tract infection with the development of chronic ureteritis and pyelonephritis, acquiring a severe course in conditions of impaired urodynamics.

Until recently, the most common methods of treating hydronephrosis are resection of the LMS (Anderson–Hynes operation) for ureteral stenosis and antevasal pyelopyelo- or ureteropyeloanastomosis for crossing vessels. However, minimally invasive technologies, which are more often used in the treatment of adult patients, have become more widespread.

Endosurgical interventions aimed at restoring the patency of the obstruction zone include retrograde balloon dilatation, retrograde balloon dilatation (Acusise endopyelotomy), and retrograde or antegrade endopyelotomy.

Endoscopic surgery is considered as a first-line treatment method, while there are no clear indications for the choice of one technology or another. The effectiveness of endoscopic interventions for stage II hydronephrosis in children ranges from 32 [17] to 76% [18]. At the same time, endotomy of the ureter and pelvis can be accompanied by serious complications, in particular, bleeding requiring blood transfusion, renal artery embolization, or nephrectomy [19, 20].

In many publications, different authors [21] believe that the main cause of urodynamic disorders is the structural changes in the LMS, and not the accessory vessel itself. On the other hand, there are data indicating the low effectiveness of endoscopic technologies in the presence of a vessel crossing the LMS [22].

So far, various methods of plastic techniques are being discussed, which indicates the lack of a unified approach to choosing a method for the surgical correction of hydronephrosis. Many researchers prefer LJ resection with the formation of an anastomosis according to Anderson–Hynes [23] in the Kucera modification [24] (or without). A number of clinics use urinary tract-sparing surgical techniques without UML resection and perform flap plasty according to Foley [25] or Culp-DeWeerd [26].

The percentage of unsatisfactory results after surgical correction of pyeloureteral obstruction remained very high for quite a long time. The risk of stenosis of the newly created anastomosis is especially high in children under the age of one year [27, 28]. In order to prevent the occurrence of anastomositis, foreign and domestic surgeons began to use ultra-thin synthetic suture material 6/0–7/0 with a precision suture technique, using optical magnification for this purpose. This allowed to significantly improve the results of surgical treatment of hydronephrosis [29].

There are few publications in the literature on morphological studies of LMS in hydronephrotic transformation [30–32]. Histological studies of remote LMS conducted by various authors are aimed at clarifying the pathological processes occurring in it [33].

With hydronephrosis in LMS, in most cases, regular pathological changes are observed in the form of diffuse stromal sclerosis with spread to all layers of the wall and disorganization of the muscular apparatus with severe hypoplasia and atrophy of muscle fibers. Changes in myoarchitectonics are characterized by thinning of the muscle layer, separation of muscle bundles by collagen fibers, development of intermuscular and concentric fibrosis, disruption of intermuscular contacts and, as a result, disruption of the biomechanism of muscle contraction.

The literature offers various methods for the treatment of hydronephrosis in children. Most of these methods do not take into account morphological changes in the LMS. The rationale for the choice of surgical treatment, based on morphological changes, was the reason for the implementation of this work.

Materials and methods. 110 patients with stage III unilateral hydronephrosis were examined at the Research Institute of Pediatric Surgery of the SCCH RAMS.

As can be seen from the table. 1, hydronephrosis in boys was 2 times more common than in girls.

Upon admission, all children were examined using radiological methods to clarify the diagnosis and determine the tactics of further treatment (Fig. 1, 2).

After establishing the diagnosis and preoperative preparation, surgical treatment was performed.

All patients underwent pyeloplasty according to the Anderson–Hynes method (Fig. 3).

The cause of hydronephrosis was determined intraoperatively. In 29 cases there was an aberrant vessel, in 59- stenosis of the UMS, in 13 – high discharge of the ureter and in 9 – its achalasia.

The resected LMS was subjected to morphological examination. The preparations were stained according to Van Gieson.

Results and discussion. All identified morphological changes can be divided into 4 groups: sclerosis, fibrous dysplasia, muscular dysplasia and total dysplasia.

Sclerotic phenomena in most cases were combined with signs of chronic inflammation. At the level of the pelvis-ureteral segment, a pronounced sclerosis of the wall was determined with extensive fields of hyalinized scar tissue, in which there were only single atrophied muscle fragments. Due to the severity of secondary sclerosis and atrophy of muscle fibers, it was impossible to judge the initial state of the LMS wall (Fig. 4).

Fibrous dysplasia of the LMS was manifested by hyperplasia of collagen and elastic fibers.

As a result, the submucosal layer of the ureter thickened, pushing the muscular layer towards the adventitia, and as a result, it led to a narrowing of the lumen of the pyeloureteral segment.

In muscular dysplasia, there was a thinning of the segment wall without obvious signs of narrowing of its lumen. Some patients showed severe disorientation of the muscle bundles, others had circular aplasia in a limited area, where the submucosal layer was directly subject to the adventitia. In some cases of muscular dysplasia in a limited area of ​​the LMS, there was a sharp underdevelopment of muscle bundles, which were defined as individual fibers lying among the layers of connective tissue. Above the zone of hypoplasia, muscle fibers were hypertrophied.

In cases of total underdevelopment of all layers of the wall (mucosa, muscle layer and adventitia), there was a narrowing of the outer and inner lumen of the ureter.

As shown in Table. 2 data, in case of UMS stenosis, in half of the cases there were pronounced secondary sclerotic changes, which did not allow assessing the initial state of all layers of the ureteral pelvis. The remaining 50.8% of patients had various forms of dysplasia.

In the presence of an additional lower polar vessel, sclerosis of the LMS wall also prevailed. Various forms of dysplasia occurred only in 4 patients. Consequently, in the pathogenesis of the development of hydronephrotic transformation on the basis of an aberrant vessel, the leading role belongs to the mechanical effect of the vessel on the ureteral pelvis, followed by the development of sclerosis, which leads to impaired urodynamics.

Achalasia of the LMS in 66.7% of cases was morphologically characterized by its dysplasia. It is noteworthy that no fibrous dysplasia was detected in any of the cases. Muscular and total dysplasia occurred with the same frequency (3 cases each).

In 3 patients, pronounced sclerosis did not allow analysis of the layers of the ureter, however, judging by the absence of anatomical narrowing of the LMS, it can be assumed that these patients initially had dysplastic manifestations.

Only 1 of 13 patients with high ureteral outlet had fibrous dysplasia of the pelvic ureter. In other cases, severe sclerosis was determined. Based on this, it can be argued that the high discharge of the ureter is not the cause of hydronephrosis, but its consequence. As the intrarenal hydrostatic pressure increases, the pelvis expands in all directions, pushing the LMS up and more medially, which is regarded as a high ureteral discharge during surgery.

In general, sclerotic changes in the LMS in children with hydronephrosis were detected in 62.7% of cases. Various forms of dysplasia occurred in 37.3% of patients, with muscle dysplasia being the most common (17.3%). Total (10.9%) and fibrous (9.1%) dysplasia were observed somewhat less frequently.

Conclusion. LMS studies have shown that its stenosis in 49.2% of cases is due to sclerotic changes and in 50.8% – various types of dysplasia, among which muscle predominates (23.7%).

An aberrant vessel in 86.2% of cases causes sclerotic changes at the intersection with the ureter, which in turn leads to impaired urodynamics. Therefore, resection of the vessel or antevasal movement of the LMS without its resection may somewhat improve the outflow of urine from the kidney, but will not restore urodynamics to the full extent.

Morphological substrate of ureteral achalasia in 66.7% of patients is muscular or total dysplasia. It is not possible to assess the initial state of 33.3% of children due to severe secondary sclerosis. Since fibrous dysplasia does not occur in this pathology, therefore, in these children, the muscular component of urine transport through the LMS is primarily impaired.

With a high discharge of the ureter, 92.3% of children had sclerotic changes in the LMS, which indicates a secondary displacement of the pelvic region of the ureter. This means that high ureteral discharge should not be considered an independent cause of hydronephrosis.

The results of the morphological study showed that in stage III hydronephrosis, sclerotic changes predominate in the LMS against the background of various forms of dysplasia, which must be taken into account when choosing the type of surgical treatment. In order to adequately restore urodynamics, preference, in our opinion, should be given to resection techniques.

  1. Kirillov V.I., Tebloeva L.T., Bogdanova N.A. Urodynamic disorders and causes of childhood nephropathies. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Russian Congress “Modern Technologies in Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery”. M., 2004. S. 234–239.
  2. Doletsky S.Ya., Alekseev E.B., Rudin Yu.Z. Treatment of hydronephrosis in children. Urol. and nephrol. 1994;4:9–11.
  3. Foote I.M., Blannerhasseth J.B., Wigisworth F.N. Observations on the ureteropelvic junction. J. Urol. 1970;104(2):252–257.
  4. Bichoff P.F., Boehnacke H., Lassrich A. Dynamics of urinary obstruction. Actabrol. Belgium. 1972;40(4):764–777.
  5. Novak R. Beedentung des aberrienden gefasses bei de rentstehung der hydronephrose. Z. Urol. 1974;67(8):583–587.
  6. Noskov A.P. Reoperations for hydronephrosis in children. Diss. doc. honey. Sciences. L., 1988. S. 112–173.
  7. Sharkov S.M. Upper urinary tract obstruction in children. M, 2013.
  8. Rostovskaya V.V. Pathogenetic substantiation of differentiated methods of treatment of various forms of hydronephrosis in children. Diss. doc. honey. Sciences. Moscow, 2003, pp. 15–29.
  9. Livera L.N., Brookfield D.S., Egginton J.A., Hawnaur J.M. Antenatal ultrasonography to detect fetal renal abnormalities: a prospective screening program. BMJ. 1989;298(6685):1421–1423.
  10. Nguyen D.H., Aliabadi H., Ercole C.J., Gonzalez R. Nonintubated Anderson-Hynes repair of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in 60 patients. J. Urol. 1989;142:704–707.
  11. Harding L.J., Malone P.S., Wellesley D.G. Antenatal minimal hydronephrosis: is its follow-up an unnecessary cause of concern? Prenat. Diagn. 1999;19(8):701–705.
  12. Sairam S., Al-Habib A., Sasson S., Thilaganathan B. Natural history of fetal hydronephrosis diagnosed on mid-trimester ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2001;17:191–196.
  13. Malkhasyan A.V. The role of an aberrant vessel in the genesis of uro- and hemodynamic disorders in the kidney. VII All Ros. Congress urologist. M., 1982. S. 110–111.
  14. Shoja M.M., Tubbs R.S., Shakeri A. Asymptomatic bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction due to supernumerary renal arteries. Saudi J Kidney Dis. Transpl. 2008;19(5):806–808.
  15. Varkarakis I.M., Deliveliotis C. The importance of crossing vessels in ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Nat. Clin. Pract. Urol. 2007;4(5):232–233.
  16. Marshall F.F. Textbook of operative urology. Philadelphia, 1996.
  17. Solari V., Piotrowska A.P., Puri P. Altered expression of interstitial cells of Cajal in congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction. J. Urol. 2003;170(6, Pt 1):2420–2422.
  18. Lewis-Russell J.M., Natale S., Hammonds J.C., Wells I.P., Dickinson A.J. Ten years’ experience of retrograde balloon dilatation of pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction. Br. J. Urol. Int. 2004;93(3):360–363.
  19. Schwartz B.F., Marshall L. Complications of retrograde balloon cautery endopyelotomy. J. Urol. 1999;162(5):1594–1598.
  20. Tallai B., Salah M.A., Flasko T., Tóth C., Varga A. Endopyelotomy in childhood: our experience with 37 patients. J. Endourol. 2004;18(10):952958.
  21. Bernardo N., Smith A.D. Endopyelotomy review. Arch. Esp. Urol. 1999;52(5):541–548.
  22. Knudsen B.E., Cook AJ., Watterson J.D. Percutaneous antegrade endopyelotomy: long-term results from one institution. Urology. 2004;63(2):230–234.
  23. Anderson J.C., Hynes W. Retrocaval ureter; a case is diagnosed pre-operatively and treated successfully by a plastic operation. Br. J. Urol. 1949;21:209–214.
  24. Kucera J. Chirurgie hydronephrosy. Prague, 1960. 227 p.
  25. Lebowitz R.L., Griscon N.T. Neonatal hydronephrosis: 146 cases. Rad. Din. North. Am. 1977;15:49–55.
  26. Culp Osmond S., De Weerd J. A pelvic flap operation for certain types of ureteropelvic obstruction: Pleminary report. Proc. Staff. Meet-Mayo clinic. 1951;26:433.
  27. Mishra A. Crossing renal vessel causing ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Saudi Med J. 2006;27(9):1415–1417.
  28. Foley E.B. A new plastic opertion for stricture at uretero pelvic junction.