Childcare for 6 month old: Infants and Toddlers – ACCESS NYC

Опубликовано: September 9, 2023 в 7:55 am

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Категории: Child

Guide to childcare choices – BabyCentre UK

In this article

  • What is a day nursery?
  • What is a childminder?
  • What does a nanny do?
  • What does an au pair do?
  • Could I use a relative for childcare?

If you’re returning to work after parental leave, you’ll need to sort childcare for your little one.

We’ve made a list of childcare choices to help you start your search.

What is a day nursery?

Day nurseries care for children from birth to five years old, though the exact ages may vary. For example, not all nurseries will have the facilities to care for newborns.

Nursery staff are trained to create a safe and stimulating environment. Children are usually grouped by age, so your child will join in with activities suitable for them. They’ll be given a keyworker, who is responsible for keeping you up to date on how your child’s getting on.

Nurseries must meet certain national standards and teach a curriculum designed for young children. This means there’s a structure for your child’s learning and care.

Day nurseries must be registered with and inspected by the appropriate authority for their country:

  • England: Ofsted (Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills)
  • Scotland: Care Inspectorate
  • Wales: Estyn (HM Inspectorate for Education and Training in Wales)
  • Northern Ireland: Early Years Teams within Health and Social Care (HSC) Trusts

Many day nurseries are open from 7am to 7pm, for parents with a long working day or commute. You’ll find most day nurseries are open all year round, apart from bank holidays and over Christmas. Some may close for staff training but will give parents lots of advanced warning.

Day nurseries are different from nursery schools. Nursery schools, or preschools, are often attached to a primary school. They’re for children aged from three years to five years, and usually open during school term times only.

What is a childminder?

A childminder tends to work independently and cares for your child in their home. Many childminders are parents themselves and may also have their own children to care for.

Childminders can care for up to six children at a time, including their own. No more than three children should be younger than five, and of these three, only one can be under a year old. This means a childminder will be able to give your child plenty of attention and one-to-one care.

Most childminders work on weekdays between 8am and 6pm, but some work longer hours or at weekends. You’ll need to find a childminder with working hours that fit in with yours.

Like day nurseries, childminders must be registered with the appropriate authority for their country. They have to complete a pre-registration course that covers topics such as child nutrition, food hygiene, and health and safety.

Many childminders study for more qualifications, such as a diploma or degree in childcare. Some also take a course in first-aid.

Childminders will provide toys and activities to help your child to learn new things. As part of their registration, they must prove that they can support your child’s development.

What does a nanny do?

A nanny is employed by you to care for your child in your own home. Depending on what you agree and the age of your child, a nanny may be responsible for:

  • planning activities to suit your child’s age
  • feeding, bathing and dressing them
  • changing nappies, or helping them use the potty or toilet
  • preparing meals for your child
  • cleaning their room
  • washing and ironing their clothes and bedclothes

A nanny should also help with the physical, emotional, intellectual and social development of your child. This means doing things such as taking them swimming, reading to them, taking them to playgroups, or supporting them in reaching developmental milestones.

Although nannies don’t have to hold a qualification in childcare, most do some kind of formal training or study.

In Scotland, nanny agencies must register with Social Care and Social Work Improvement Scotland (SCSWIS). Elsewhere in the UK, a nanny can choose to register with the relevant authority:

  • England: Ofsted (Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills)
  • Wales: The Approval of Home Childcare Providers (Wales) Scheme
  • Northern Ireland: Home Childcarer Approval Scheme (only if they care for children from more than two families)

Your nanny has a lot of responsibility in caring for your child. So make sure you find a carer you trust, and who your child is comfortable with.

If hiring a nanny is too much for your budget, it may help to know that some families share a nanny, splitting the costs and legal responsibilities.

What does an au pair do?

An au pair is a young person from abroad who has come to the UK to learn English.

Typical responsibilities of an au pair include babysitting in the evenings, helping with light housework, and looking after your child during the day when needed.

An au pair will stay in your home, as part of your family. You’ll need to pay them a small fee and provide meals and a bedroom.

Most au pairs are not trained in childcare, although some may have done a bit of babysitting or looked after young siblings. For this reason, many agencies suggest that au pairs are best suited to parents who have preschool or school-aged children.

Could I use a relative for childcare?

Yes. Many parents ask a grandparent or other relative to look after their children.

Informal arrangements with relatives make up most childcare arrangements. It’s low-cost and flexible, and it means your child will be looked after by someone they know well, in a familiar environment.

Relative care works best if you have a good relationship with the relative, and if they’re willing and able to help. They’ll need to be happy to do things your way, so you may need to set out some ground rules.

If you’re nervous about setting ground rules, you could ask your relative whether they’d like to sign up for BabyCentre emails. This may be a good way to raise some parenting topics for discussion.

Still not sure which option will work best for you? Find out more about the cost of childcare.

6 Key Components of Group Care for Infants and Toddlers

Out-of-home child care for infants and toddlers, if done well, can enrich children’s early experience. It can also be a therapeutic component of services to at-risk children, providing a safe and consistent base for protection, prevention, and treatment.

There are six key components of early group care experiences.

How the components of group care are addressed determines, to a large extent, the opportunities for responsive caregiving and caring relationships in infant/toddler child care.

Out-of-home child care for infants and toddlers, if done well, can enrich children’s early experiences. It can also be a therapeutic component of services to at-risk children, providing a safe and consistent base for protection, prevention, and treatment.

Unfortunately, although more and more children in this country are moving into group care at younger ages and for longer periods of time, we are missing opportunities to provide quality care. Indeed, current practices in many infant/ toddler child care settings actually hinder caregivers, children, and parents from forming and sustaining the deep, responsive, and respectful relationships that are the hallmark of quality.

The process of forming a strong positive identity should occur in a setting that offers security, protection, and intimacy. It doesn’t happen in “school”; it happens in a continuing relationship with a caregiver.

In the day-to-day give and take of good infant/ toddler child care, children and their caregivers relate in a way that looks much like a dance, with the child leading, the caregiver picking up the rhythm and following. When a caregiver reads and responds to the young child’s messages with sensitivity, the child’s hunger to be understood is satisfied. The conviction that “I am someone who is paid attention to” becomes part of the infant or toddler’s identity.

In order to create and sustain intimacy in group child care, we must address six key components of early group experience: group size; quality of the physical environment; primary caregiving assignments; continuity of care; cultural and familial continuity; and meeting the needs of the individual within the group context.

Group Size

We create chaos and confusion when we put too many infants or toddlers in one group, even with an appropriate number of adult caregivers. As the number of infants in a group goes up, so do noise level, stimulation, and general confusion. The group’s intimacy is gone. Children look lost and wander aimlessly, not quite knowing what to do. When there are too many children, shared experiences and discovery through play are inhibited. Smaller groups mean fewer distractions and children’s activities that are more focused. In small groups, very young children are able to make connections, form caring relationships, and learn to understand other children.

For children not yet mobile, ZERO TO THREE (1992) recommends that group sizes should be no larger than six; the caregiver/infant ratio should be no more than 1:3. Children crawling and up to 18 months, the group size should be no more than nine, ratios no more than 1:3 (explorers are active and need a watchful eye). Children 18 months to three years should have a group size of no more than 12, ratios, 1:4. Centers, group homes, and family day care homes with mixed age groupings should never have more than two children under two years of age in a single group.

Infants and toddlers with disabilities who do not require special medical support can easily be included in environments with this suggested ratio and group size. Children with disabilities are children first; the care they need is often exactly the same as the care typically developing children need.

Group Care Environment

The physical environment—indoors and out—can promote or impede intimate, satisfying relationships. Carollee Howes discovered that in family day care homes in which dangerous objects and fragile prized possessions had been removed from the area in which infants and toddlers played, caregivers smiled more, encouraged exploration, and gave fewer negative comments (“Don’t touch that!”) to infants and toddlers. In an infant/toddler center, a hammock invites a caregiver to cuddle one or two babies.

The environment affects caregiver/parent relationships. A comfortable place for adults within the children’s environment can encourage parents to visit throughout the day and can also be used to encourage continued breastfeeding with infants. A place for parents to sit comfortably for a moment at the end of the day acknowledges the parent’s needs and encourages conversation.

When dangerous objects and fragile prized possessions were removed from the area in which infants and toddlers played, caregivers smiled more, encouraged exploration, and gave fewer negative comments to infants and toddlers.

The environment affects relationships between children as well. Considering the amount and arrangement of space and the choice and abundance of play materials can either increase the chances that young children will interact positively with each other or increase the likelihood of biting, toy pulling, and dazed wandering.

A caregiving environment can encourage or impede flexible, individualized care in a group setting. With easy access to the outdoors, the daily rhythms of infants and toddlers can be accommodated. In too many centers, however, infant/toddler time on the playground is rigidly scheduled and subordinated to the schedules of groups of older children. Infants and toddlers need small amounts of food and drink throughout the day to support their emotional, social, and physical well-being. A child who is thirsty or hungry cannot interact successfully with other children or adults. A small refrigerator and modest equipment for warming food will allow caregivers to feed infants on demand and offer snacks to toddlers frequently. But too often in child care settings, feeding routines accommodate the kitchen rather than the child.

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Primary Caregiving Assignments

The assignment of a primary caregiver to every child in group care means that when a child moves into care, the child’s parents know, the director of the program knows, and the caregiver knows who the person is who is principally responsible for that child. Primary caregiving does not mean that one person cares for an infant or toddler exclusively, all of the time—there has to be teaming. Rather, primary caregiving implies the infant or toddler has someone special with whom to build an intimate relationship. Primary caregiving assignments are an excellent example of program policy that takes the encouragement of relationships seriously.

Two vignettes adapted from ZERO TO THREE ’s Heart Start: The Emotional Foundations of School Readiness (1992), illustrate the difference a special relationship can make to a young child’s experience in child care.

The way it shouldn’t be.

Tim stood just inside the entrance to the playroom. He was sturdy for one-and-a-half, but short. The noise was jarring, and he looked around for the woman his mother talked to when they came in. She had said to his mother, “He’ll be fine—I’ll get him started,” and she had taken his hand. But now, just as fast, she was gone. It scared him as much as the other time. This was not a good place to be. He wanted his mother and he wanted to go home. A boy bumped him hard, and Tim fell. He crawled over to that woman. He sat down and fingered some colored blocks on the floor. A big boy came and grabbed one and stepped on his hand. Tim yelped and cried and looked around. He held his hurt hand in the other and the tears ran down his cheeks. No one saw.

Two weeks later: Tim stood just inside the entrance to the playroom. It was very noisy. A boy ran past him and bumped him. Tim lunged for him and pushed him down. The boy cried, and Tim walked over to the blocks. He picked some up, and a bigger boy came and grabbed them. Tim gave them up quickly and then turned and saw a smaller boy who had some. He pulled them away from him. The boy cried. Tim looked at the blocks. He couldn’t remember what he’d been going to do with them, so he threw them down. They made a very satisfying sound. He picked up several other toys nearby and threw them. Suddenly one of the women was there yelling at him and holding his arm very hard. She was saying lots of things to him, and now she said, “time out,” and scrunched him on a stool. He tried to get up but she wouldn’t let him. She waved a finger in his face. He thought about biting it. She went away. He didn’t like this place. He wanted his mother. He wanted to go home.

What Tim is learning in this child “care” center is almost everything we would not want him to. He is important to no one here and must fend for himself, as must others. For some it’s like home—for others it’s newly terrible. For all, it is a potentially damaging experience.

The way it should be.

Tim and his mother had visited the center twice in the last week. They had spent time with Mindy, who told them she would be Tim’s primary caregiver. Both Tim and his mother felt comfortable with Mindy. She was interested in them, wanted to talk regularly about Tim’s progress, and seemed to understand how Tim’s mother felt about leaving Tim to go to work. 

When it was time for her to go, Tim’s mother reminded him she was leaving today. He looked surprised and climbed off the horse. Mindy picked him up and said, “Let’s go to the door and say good-bye to your mother.” Tim wanted to go with his mother. But his mother really seemed to be going to leave him, so he clung closer to Mindy, who cuddled him and talked quietly. Then his mother was gone. It was like everyone in the world was holding their breath at the same time, but Mindy held him and patted him and talked quietly, and then everyone began to breathe again. Tim could see the toys and children, but mostly he liked hearing Mindy’s voice. Ten minutes later, ‘Tim was on his horse. He wasn’t as wholly confident as 20 minutes before, but he could still ride, and Mindy was close by and always noticed when he looked at her.

Two weeks later: After his mother kissed him, Tim waved good-bye and then he said, “Hi” again to Mindy, who ruffled his hair. Tim made a beeline for the block area, but when he got there Wong Chen had corralled all of the red blocks Tim wanted. Tim squatted down and watched Wong Chen. In a minute, Mindy came over and squatted down too, and they both watched him. Then Mindy said, “Tim likes those blocks too, Wong Chen; would you let him play?” 

…Later, Tim started to build a big car with red blocks, a car like his mother’s red car. His mother was working. She would come later. “Mommy later,” Tim said. Mindy heard him. “She will, Tim,” said Mindy. “She’ll come after your nap.“ “After nap,” said Tim, and then he said, “See my car?”

Tim is learning a lot in this center, mostly very good things. He feels important. He feels heard and understood. He feels protected, and his primary caregiver helps him negotiate the difficult things with other children. He is learning to cooperate and to pay attention to what other children need and want. There is enough space, there are enough providers, just enough children, and abundant affection for everyone.

Continuity of Care

Having one caregiver over an extended period of time rather than switching every 6 to 9 months or so is important to the expansion of a child’s development. Switching from one caregiver to another takes its toll. The child has to build trust all over again. When a very young child loses a caregiver, he really loses part of his sense of himself and the way the world operates: The things that the child knows how to do, and the ways that he knows to be simply don’t work any more. Too many changes in caregivers can lead to a child’s reluctance to form new relationships.

Continuity of care—or the lack of it—in a child care program has important implications for the group experience. A child with a new caregiver has to work hard to get her messages across. The caregiver can only guess at what she wants. There is confusion and stress for both child and caregiver. If a child deals with change by acting out his frustration, this will have an impact on the entire group. With a caregiver who knows him, however, a child can express need less dramatically. The better somebody knows a child, the more subtle the cues are that will inform that person of what it is that the child needs.

Too many changes in caregivers can lead to a child’s reluctance to form new relationships.

Continuity of care is important for caregivers and parents as well as for children. When infants and toddlers are moved to a new room as they reach a new developmental stage, caregivers don’t get to see the fruition of their work. Parents often experience tremendous grief when they first place their infants in child care. Trust in the caregiver builds slowly, as they realize that the caregiver is attached to their child, loves their child, and supports the special parent-child bond. With a change in caregivers, not only the child, but parents as well will grieve and have to build trust all over again.

At the Creative Pre-School directed by Dr. Phelps, one caregiver cares for three infants. Caregivers are trained to use every moment of the day to build trust with the infant and the family. Each infant is on his or her own schedule for feeding, diapering, sleeping, and playing. This schedule is documented for the family on an individual daily schedule form.

As infants begin to exhibit the need for more stimulation, usually around 12 months, the caregiver will begin to take them to visit the practicing toddler group. These children are between 14 and 24 months old. Visiting can be done with all three infants or with one or two at a time. (Because each infant is on his or her own schedule, there is much time for individual attention.) The adults in the practicing toddler area visit the infant room often, with the focus on building relationships over time with the infants who will one day be toddlers. The transition is flexible and centers around each child’s building a relationship with the next caregiver. The infant caregiver may move with the infants into the practicing toddler group, or, if the children are comfortable with the new caregiver, she may move back to receive a new group of infants. This same slow process, focusing on each child’s adjustment to a new environment, takes place throughout the age groups, including the movement of older toddlers (young threes) to the preschool program.

Cultural and Familial Continuity

If there is no one in a child care setting who speaks the child’s home language, or validates the childrearing values and beliefs of the family, the early development of the self is threatened. Particularly for infants, what they sense from their caregivers is incorporated into their definition of self. If infants get subtle messages that their way of communicating should change or that they are hard to understand, both their sense of rightness about where they come from and their feelings of personal potency are shaken. Child care should be in harmony with what goes on at home, following the form and style of what is familiar to the child.

Self-reflection is key to culturally sensitive care, and caregivers should be schooled in it. By exploring their own backgrounds, they can see the roots of some of their most basic child care practices. No matter what routine is being carried out, the caregiver’s values about it are shaped by her childhood, her child care training, and other cultural influences. It is essential to recognize these values and understand that they are being transmitted to the children.

We need to look at our backgrounds, our philosophy, and why we are in the work we are in. We need to be honest, with ourselves and with families. It is not helpful to pretend to be interested in the parent’s point of view—saying “Tell me about why Mei Ling cries and you pick her up immediately,” as we are thinking, “This parent is spoiling this child.” Rather, we must uncover the values that underlie our own beliefs, become aware of multiple perspectives on childrearing, be open to the parent’s point of view, and be willing to change some of our practices.

To provide cultural and familial continuity, child care centers should employ staff who are of the same culture and who speak the same language as the children served. Culturally representative staff should be included in decision-making positions. Using small groups is key. It allows caregivers to have a manageable number of cultures to relate to. They can get to know the families and be more responsive to their concerns.

We must uncover the values that underlie our own beliefs, become aware of multiple perspectives on childrearing, be open to the parent’s point of view when there are differences, and be willing to change some of our practices.

Meeting Individual Needs in Group Care

In an intimate setting, flexible scheduling is possible. Babies sleep when they want to sleep and where they want to sleep. They eat when they are hungry, and are fed with food that meets their individual needs. They play when they want to play, with plenty of opportunities to explore a variety of toys and materials, and to play alone, with other children, and with adults. Since babies’ rhythms are individual, this means that a caregiver can expect to be keeping an eye on one sleeping infant, watching another who is absorbed in her own play, and actively engaging a third. An intimate setting recognizes toddlers’ individual needs to explore, assert autonomy, and periodically reconnect with the secure base their caregiver provides. Nutritious snacks are available (often the focus of spontaneous socializing), potty training occurs as the individual child is ready, and ways are found for the toddler to re-visit her old crib if that is important.

In an intimate setting, a child who requires additional support can be accommodated. At the Creative Preschool, for example, a toddler with a serious medical condition requires frequent cat-naps. A beanbag chair in the room allows him to stay with his play group during the day, yet go to the chair for a 10- or 15-minute nap as he needs one. When he wakes up, he is near his caregiver and friends, and can immediately rejoin the day’s activities.

In Conclusion

The care of young children in groups is a profession. It includes both science and art. As a society, we need to make it possible for people to study the science and practice the art of caregiving. We need to release caregivers to provide the kinds of responsive care they know how to do or can be trained how to do, and to develop deep relationships with parents, children, and other caregivers.

High quality care for infants and toddlers must be in small groups, with appropriate ratios. There must be time for relationships to be established. There must be time for caregivers to learn and practice the different ways they will need to relate to children in the first three years of life—being very available in the earliest months, then helping children to “find their wings” as development proceeds.

Group care can be a place where infants and toddlers, with and without disabilities, can feel their potency. Group care can be a place where all children, caregivers, and parents form deep, meaningful, and satisfying relationships that support both the family and the full development of the children. We need to make it happen.

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03/11/2021

29429

16

Child development

3–6 months6–9 months

9000 2 Author

BabySleep Team

BabySleep Team

Sleep Counselors , doctors, psychologists, breastfeeding consultants

Six months – you can say the first round date for your baby. By this time, he was strong and about twice as heavy since birth. Together you have already gone through several developmental leaps, grown the first teeth (but this is not certain), and mastered new motor skills. Further more! And where further and what more – now we will tell.

Baby’s crisis calendar

Contents

In this article:

Baby’s height and weight at 6 months
Skillful hands: developing hand skills at 6 months
Physical development of the baby at 6 months
Mentally e development of the child at 6 months
Massage / gymnastics at 6 months
Speech development
How to play with a baby at 6 months
How sleep and development mutually influence each other

All children are different. Even twins often have different rates of development. Any tables and norms can only serve as a guide. Hardly anyone can feel a child better than a mother and know what and when he needs.

Height and weight at 6 months

In 2005, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued the Child Development Standards. They are based on a large-scale study of the height and weight of almost 9,000 full-term boys and girls from around the world who were breastfed for at least 6 months and their mothers did not smoke. Unlike the old standards, the new norms allow parents to track the development of the child, taking into account his individual characteristics.

Child’s height at 6 months

Babies grow an average of 1.7 cm in their sixth month. Perhaps this month you will decide to move your baby from the cradle, if you have used it, to a larger crib.

Natalia Trofimova

Senior sleep consultant, pediatrician

Children’s height and weight norms are very wide, depending on the term of delivery and birth weight, type of feeding. It is optimal when the height and weight indicators are in the same column-corridor (“medium”, “low”, “above average”, etc.) or in neighboring ones. The attention of the pediatrician is required when both indicators are in the extreme columns, or the difference between the corridors of values ​​is 3 or more (for example, weight and height in the first percentile corridor is “very low” or weight in the first is “very low”, and height in the fifth is “higher than average”). 9More than a dream Boys Very Low Low Below Average Average Above Average High Very high 62.6 64.1 66.2 67 .6 69.1 71.1 72.6 Girls Very Low Low Below Average Average Above Average High Very high 60.5 62.0 64.2 65 .7 67.3 69.5 71.0

Baby weight at 6 months

Babies gain an average of 450 grams in six months. But the increase can be either more or less than the average value. It is worth showing the baby to the doctor if he adds less than 100 grams per week.

Shulamith Volfson

Pediatrician with more than 18 years of experience

It is worth remembering the difference in gains between breastfed and artificially fed children. Babies who eat formula milk add gradually, in the first six months, 600–700 g each. But breastfed babies up to 4–6 months old can sometimes even gain up to 1.5–2.5 kg per month, and this is absolutely normal , in the second half of the year such “dumplings” will definitely “slim”.

More than a dream

baby-sleep.ru

Baby’s weight at 6 months (kg) Boys Very Low Low Below Average Average Above Average High Very high 6.1 6.6 7.4 7 ,9 8.5 9.5 10.2 Girls Very Low Low Below Average Average Above Average High Very high 5. 5 6.0 6.7 7 ,3 7.9 8.9 9.7

Skillful hands: developing hand skills at 6 months

You may notice that at this age the baby begins to move his fingers more clearly when grasping. If a toy gets into his hand, he not only can hold it, but swings it and shifts it from hand to hand. In the bathroom, the child can wave his hands at the sight of water, and while bathing, slap them on the surface. With “empty” hands, the baby also sometimes waves rhythmically.

Physical development of a child at 6 months

The baby becomes much more mobile. Many six-month-old children begin to crawl and sit up on their own. But don’t worry if this hasn’t happened to your child yet. Normally, independent sitting can develop even up to 9months, and crawling – up to 13!

You can encourage crawling by placing toys in front of your baby so that he has to move forward a little to catch them. Let the child crawl all over the floor in the room, ideally if the whole house becomes his play space. Before you let your baby crawl, make sure sockets are covered with plugs, wires and small objects are removed, hanging edges of the tablecloth are tucked up, and access to dangerous substances is closed.

Moms are most often worried this month:

Is it possible to sit down a baby if he is not yet sitting by himself?

If the baby does not sit down by himself, do not rush to sit him down. Better pay attention to preparing the muscles of the arms and back for mastering this skill. Encourage your child to get on all fours and crawl, do some light exercise, such as giving your baby your fingers to grab and allowing him to pull himself up on his hands and sit down. Having strengthened his arms and back, having mastered the position on all fours, the baby will quickly sit down without your help.

Call your pediatrician if your baby has not rolled over from tummy to back by the end of the seventh month.

If your baby has already shown food interest (looks enthusiastically at your plate, pulls his hands to your food), then at this age it is already possible to introduce complementary foods. It is usually recommended to start with one boiled vegetable, without salt or any other additives, with a serving of a quarter teaspoon, preferably in the morning. In any case, before introducing the first complementary foods, be sure to consult a pediatrician.

After six months, the innate immunity that the child received from the mother during pregnancy weakens. Perhaps the baby will catch a runny nose for the first time or start coughing. Read the article on sleep during illness to know how your baby will behave when unwell.

Many six-month-old babies are in the midst of teething. This can affect both sleep and behavior during the day.

Mental development of a child of 6 months

Literally, the baby has just come out of the fifth leap of development, as a result of which he learned about the relationship of things and the presence of a distance between them. As a consequence of this new knowledge, a separation fear appears: the child understands that his mother can leave, and he will not catch up with her! Therefore, he becomes more restless and can “hang” in his arms for a long time.

In addition, the baby begins to fear strangers. Now he is unlikely to go to the hands of a doctor or even to his grandmother, whom he has not seen for a long time, and maybe even be afraid of her one look!

Pay attention to the pediatrician if by the end of the seventh month the child does not chant syllables like “ma-ma”, “ba-ba”, “ga-ga”, etc. (does not babble).

Baby massage at 6 months

From the age of six months, one more massage technique can be added to stroking and rubbing – kneading. With the fingertips of one hand, except for the big one, lightly press on the skin and make short circular movements. Thus, we pass along the handles from the hand to the shoulder, along the legs from the foot to the hip, along the tummy clockwise, along the back from the buttocks to the neck along the spine.

Remember that for a healthy baby, massage is first of all a pleasant communication with the mother, and not an obligatory procedure. Five minutes a day will be enough. And if he (or you) doesn’t like it at all, it’s better to refuse such a pastime.

To make the massage more interesting, you can accompany it with play rhymes, for example:

Rain waters the grass,
( lightly tap on the back with the tips of relaxed fingers )

The wind shakes the tree.
( putting hands on shoulders, slightly rocking )

Leaves hanging, hanging
( softly touch your shoulders with your fingertips )

And they are slowly flying down.
( slowly stroke the spine with your fingertips )

Children run out to the kindergarten
( “run” the index and middle fingers of both hands along the back )

And the leaves are collected.
( pinch 9 lightly0314 )

Carry them home
( “pass” with the index and middle fingers of both hands along the back )

And they put it in a box.
( put paper leaves or fingertips on the baby’s palm and close his fingers into a fist )

Development of speech

The baby continues to babble, but at the same time changes are ripening in his mind that prepare the transition of babble into real speech. He continues to develop speech hearing, and he pronounces babbling syllables more and more clearly. This is due to the imitation of the speech that he hears from adults. Therefore, often talk to the child, even if he does not understand the meaning of the words.

He will begin to understand in just a couple of months, but already now you can prepare fertile ground. Just clearly name the items that the baby is interested in himself or that you are currently using.

How to play with a 6 month old baby?

Games with children after six months become much more interesting and varied.

Ball gymnastics . Stimulates the vestibular apparatus, develops coordination, prepares for walking.

Place the baby on the fitball with his tummy, hold him by the side and knee. Swing the ball back and forth, left and right and in a circle. You can accompany this with jokes, songs and gentle words.

Then rock up and down: first the baby stands on its feet for a second (you continue to support it), then “dives” upside down (not very low). Repeat 5-6 times. At the end, jump with the child on the ball: up to 10 times lying on the tummy and up to 10 times sitting. And then standing.

Phone Game . Develops onomatopoeia and active speech.

Sit next to your baby, hold a toy phone to your ear and say the simplest syllables, changing intonation and voice. For example:

Bababa. Bababa?

Mom. Mommy?

Dadada! Yes Yes Yes?

Give the phone to the baby. Perhaps he, too, will repeat these syllables after you.

Game “What is there?” . Develops fine motor skills of hands and thinking of the child.

Put an interesting toy in a pretty box. Draw the attention of the baby first to the box itself. Examine it, show the baby how it opens. Invite him to open the box himself.

Then ask, “What’s in there?” Switch your baby’s attention to the toy. Take the toy out of the box and play with it. At the same time, constantly pay the attention of the baby to the name of the toy. For example: “This is a dog. What a doggy! Let’s hide the dog in the box.” Continue playing with other toys.

Many options for playing with a six-month-old baby using the PEKIP system are described in a separate article on our website.

Toys for a 6-month-old baby

A six-month-old baby is interested in almost everything, which means that toys become even more diverse. The child continues to learn colors, shapes, sizes, textures, actions that can be performed with a toy. The only requirement for it is safety: the absence of small parts that can be taken into the mouth, sharp edges, long ribbons, etc.

How sleep and child development mutually influence each other

A 6-month-old baby normally sleeps 13. 5–16 hours a day. Night sleep of them – 10-12 hours. Some children have three more daytime sleeps, while others are already switching to 2. Read more about the night and daytime sleep of a six-month-old baby in our service: “A child’s sleep month by month.”

At this age, the child can already be offered a toy for sleeping, as well as begin to teach him to fall asleep on his own.

BabySleep FAQ this month

Mom:

“The child is 6 months old and a week old, all this time there were no problems with sleep, somewhere from 5 months old he sleeps at night for 8–9 hours without waking up. Now the picture: three daytime sleeps, the first two are about 1.5 hours each, the last 45 minutes. My daughter always went to sleep and leaves with my breasts, then I put her in the crib.

The question is that I began to go to sleep at night (for the last couple of weeks) late, much later than usual – at 22-23 hours (before that, I normally left with breasts at about 20:00). During the day and in the last hours of the evening, the daughter is cheerful and cheerful, communicates, explores the world, explores rattles. Why can this be so? What to do?”

Counselor’s answer

Tatyana Popova

Senior sleep consultant, psychologist

Your daughter is growing and the amount of time she can be awake is increasing. Because of this, dreams “slip” and the rhythm of the day as a whole “floats”. After six months, some children are already ready to switch to two daytime naps, if they can withstand at least 3 hours of wakefulness without overindulgence.

What should you do? There are two options: 1 – try to slightly lengthen the daughter’s wakefulness at the beginning of the day and between sleeps, and instead of the third sleep, put her to bed early at night; 2 – if two dreams are still clearly not enough for the baby, then one of the first long dreams should be reduced (to about 1 hour) and due to this, bedtime in the evening should be shifted to an earlier time.

Be prepared for the fact that the child is unlikely to be able to adjust to a new regimen with two sleeps in one day: often children alternate the number of dreams for some time, then sleep 2 times (then the wake time is a little longer, and going to bed earlier) , then 3 times (the dreams themselves are shorter, and at night the child leaves later).

How BabySleep can help

If your baby sleeps short daytime naps, wakes up frequently at night, has difficulty falling asleep for a long time, or wakes up in a bad mood, seek help from a sleep consultant by choosing an escorted package.

#growth spurt#mommymassage#baby play

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Development of a child at 6 months: what to pay attention to

The tasks of parents are to try to observe the daily routine, facilitate teething, not to seat the child prematurely and actively communicate with him

Big changes are taking place in the life of a baby who is six months old: familiarity with new food, first babbling, attempts to sit up on their own, the appearance of teeth. Of course, all children develop at a different pace, but there are general features of age that parents can focus on.

What a six-month-old baby can do

Motor activity

Usually a six-month-old baby already knows how to roll over from his back to his stomach and vice versa. So never leave it unattended! Now is the most dangerous time in this sense – yesterday the baby was lying and could not move independently, and today any attempt to roll over can be successful. The most active may even begin to crawl. Care should be taken to create a safe environment in the house, because now the baby can have access to many things. In order for the fidget to allow him to calmly change his diaper on the changing table, always have a toy on hand that can distract him.

During this period, if you lift the baby and keep it upright, he will joyfully push off the surface with his legs, imitating jumps.

Lying on their backs, many children put their own legs into their mouths. At the age of six months, the baby already quite deftly acts with both hands during the game: he can take an object both on the right and on the left, shifts the toy from one handle to another.

Many parents wait impatiently for their child to finally be able to sit up. The kid will definitely sit down on his own, as soon as his back muscles get stronger. Do not rush the baby, do not seat him ahead of time. In a baby carrier or stroller, you can put your child in a semi-sitting position, but the backrest should not be placed in an upright position.

Other abilities

By the age of 6 months, the baby already distinguishes colors well, he is attracted to any movements and small objects that fall into his field of vision. He watches with pleasure the face of his mother and everything that she shows him.

The degree of development of vision allows you to be actively interested in the details of the face of an adult who addresses him. The kid tries to grab glasses, earrings, hair of the one he can reach.

At the same time, he well distinguishes his own from others. The child listens attentively to the speech of the mother and remembers a lot. At 6 months, he already knows his name and reacts to being addressed with joyful babble.

What to do with it

There are many different methods of early development. Now experts are actively discussing the advantages and disadvantages of early development, but the choice is yours.

A developing environment for a child can be created at home. If you want to sometimes go out into the big world, a school or a club for mothers and children is suitable for you. In any case, every child loves to be talked to and played with. Hide and seek, ringing rattles, games during bathing are liked by most babies.

During this period of active development, the regularity and routine of the day will help the baby to remain calm and self-confident. Try not to disturb the routine of everyday life and do everything according to the schedule (eating, sleeping, walking).

Be attentive to your child, trying to answer all his requests. Remember that he learns literally everything from you, and a close bond with an adult will help develop a secure attachment.

Health

Medical consultations

At 6 months, children are usually examined by a pediatrician. Prepare for the consultation in advance and consider what questions you would like to ask the specialist.

Does the baby babble? Consult a pediatrician who will test your child’s hearing. The examination, which is carried out in the maternity hospital at birth, can only reveal serious pathologies. If you have any doubts about your baby’s vision, you can also be examined by a specialist.

Care

Between the ages of 6 and 12 months, diaper rash is common. If the baby already knows how to sit, then in this position the diaper rubs and irritates the skin more. To prevent the appearance of redness and diaper rash, change diapers more often, use special creams and powders suitable for babies.

Nutrition

Breast milk or infant formula at 500 ml per day remains the mainstay of a six-month-old baby’s diet. But at this age, you can and should begin to diversify its menu. According to the Program for optimizing the feeding of children in the first year of life in the Russian Federation, at 6 months it is important to introduce meat puree into the child’s diet – a source of easily digestible iron. From 7 months, the yolk is added, and from 8 months – fish puree, of course, in the absence of allergic reactions.

The baby may not like the new product at first – this is a normal reaction. It’s important to be persistent. It sometimes takes 10-15 attempts to “accept” a new product!

Do not forget to offer your child water that can be poured not only into an ordinary bottle with a nipple, but also into a special “cup” (a bottle with a spout).

Sleep

At this age, the child still wakes up in the middle of the night. Sometimes this may go unnoticed (the baby quickly falls asleep again), but more often he wakes up and cries. At the same time, the need for sleep at this age is from 12 to 15 hours a day.

Teeth

Most babies have their first tooth at 6 months of age. But there are cases when this process begins at 4 months or, conversely, much later. There are no reasons for concern. Each child has his own pace of development.

Teething may go unnoticed and have no effect on the baby’s behaviour. Although parents, as a rule, attribute the appearance of teeth to any negative manifestations in their child: sleep disturbances, whims, bad mood. Before you blame your teeth for everything, make sure that the baby does not have any health problems. If your child has a fever, consult a doctor.

But if the baby’s gums are red and swollen, he has a strong salivation, he tries to bite and “gnaw” his fingers and everything that falls into his hands, you can alleviate his condition. Gently massage your gums with your finger. Offer your baby a teething toy that is pre-cooled in the refrigerator to help reduce discomfort. The pharmacy sells special gels for gums. If you still can’t cope with the pain, you can give your child paracetamol.

Possible cause for concern

Seek specialist advice if you find any of the following in your child.

Vision, hearing, communication skills

  1. The baby does not look into the eyes, does not follow moving objects with his eyes; eye position is not symmetrical.
  2. The child does not babble.
  3. Does not turn head to sound or voice.

Behavior

  1. The baby does not show joy or sadness, he does not have mood changes.
  2. Shows little affection for a significant adult, for example, does not smile at his mother.
  3. The child has lost the skills that he had already acquired earlier.

Physical activity

  1. Baby does not roll over.
  2. Cannot sit or raise with your help.
  3. Uses one hand much more than the other.

Recall that any indicators vary depending on the characteristics of each child.