Child care burbank: THE Top 10 Daycares in Burbank, CA | Affordable Prices

Infant Daycare in Burbank CA

Daycares and Preschools

>

Infant

>

Burbank, CA

Media Center Montessori Preschool, Burbank

Mary Alice O’ Connor Family Center, Burbank

Delka Gergov Family Day Care, Burbank

See More Results

Filter by:

Type of Program

Home DaycareDaycare CenterPreschoolsInfant

See All

Philosophy

MontessoriWaldorfPlay-basedCooperative

See All

Language

SpanishChineseFrenchAmerican Sign LanguageArabicArmenianGermanHebrewHindiJapaneseKoreanPersianRussianUrdu

See All

Religion

ChristianJewishCatholicBaptistCalvaryEpiscopalLutheranMethodistPresbyterian

See All

Type of Care

Full-timePart-timeDrop-inWeekend

See All

Other

AccreditedSpecial NeedsPeanut-Free

Hours

Opens before 6amCloses after 6pm24 hours a day6:30am – 6:30pm

See All

Age

0 – 1 Years1 – 2 Years2 – 3 Years3 – 4 Years4 – 5 YearsKindergartenBefore/After SchoolSummer Camp

See All

Weekly Budget

$0 – $100$100 – $200$200 – $300$350+Accepts Vouchers

See All

Facility

PlaygroundVideo CamerasIndoor GymComputersLive Video StreamingPool

See All

Extra-curricular

MusicSportsDance

Services

TransportationMeals

Recent Reviews for Infant Daycare in Burbank CA

Yolanda Santizo Family Day Care, Sun Valley

“hi had my 2 children in this facility and we were discriminated for having COVID my son was feeling I’ll on July 20th he let bayna santizo know about hes fever and they ignored”
Read More

Edith’s Academy, North Hollywood

“Miss Edith is amazing ! My child loves his daycare and he’s thriving . Everyday he comes home sharing the new things he’s learned. Miss Edith and Rosa takes their time to get to”
Read More

Other Infant Daycare near Burbank CA

Village Toddler Center, Burbank

The Village/Infant Toddler Center and Preschool program is based on the philosophy of developmental learning through discovery, an approach based on…

Martin Family Child Care, North Hollywood

Martin Family Child Care is a year-round home-based daycare in North Hollywood, CA. Our family child care program is run by Katherine Martin who has…

Amiel Family Child Care, North Hollywood

Amiel Family Child Care is a licensed family child care provider in North Hollywood, CA with the license issued by the L. A. Daycare-No. This is a…

Jenny Solecnik Family Day Care, North Hollywood

Jenny Solecnik Family Day Care is a year-round home-based daycare in North Hollywood, CA. Our family child care program is run by Jenny Solecnik who…

A Mother Goose Academy, Valley Village

At A Mother Goose Academy, we offer complete preschool experience with age appropriate curriculums and extra-curricular activities for toddlers and…

Batres Family Child Care, North Hollywood

Batres Family Child Care is a year-round home-based daycare in North Hollywood, CA. Our family child care program is run by Yoly Soto. We are open…

Hyei Kim Family Child Care, Glendale

Hyei Kim Family Child Care is a year-round home-based daycare in Glendale, CA. Our family child care program is run by Hyei Jin Kim who has 9 years…

Cristina Gonzalez Family Child Care, North Hollywood

Cristina Gonzalez Family Child Care is a year-round home-based daycare in North Hollywood, CA. Our family child care program is run by Cristina. ..

See More Results

People Also Searched For

Emergency Child Care

Home Daycare

Daycare Centers

Part-time Daycares

Christian Daycares

Cities Near Burbank CA

Van Nuys Daycare and Preschools

Glendale Daycare and Preschools

Toluca Lake Daycare and Preschools

West Hollywood Daycare and Preschools

Studio City Daycare and Preschools

Frequently Asked Questions

How many infant daycares are there in Burbank?

There are 12 infant daycares in Burbank, based on CareLuLu data. This includes 8 home-based programs and 4 centers.

How much does daycare cost in Burbank?

The cost of daycare in Burbank is $812 per month. This is the average price for full-time, based on CareLuLu data, including homes and centers.

How many infant daycares offer part-time care or drop-in care in Burbank?

Based on CareLuLu data, 9 infant daycares offer part-time care or drop-in care in Burbank.

Top Resources Related to Daycares

Child Care During Coronavirus (COVID-19): The Definitive Guide

Is daycare safe? How to find child care during COVID-19? Get answers in this guide.

Is daycare safe right now? Do parents still pay if daycares close? How to find daycare during closures? Here’s your guide to child care during coronavirus.

See More

10 Tips for Finding Quality Child Care

Here are 10 tips to help you find affordable and quality child care.

When I needed a daycare and a preschool for my girls, I spent days on Google, phone, and visiting in person. I toured 16 centers before settling for the one that felt right for us. Here are 10 tips to help you find quality child care more easily.

See More

Is Daycare Bad for Kids?

For years, parents have debated what seems like a simple enough question: is daycare bad for kids?

For years, parents have debated what seems like a simple enough question: is daycare bad for kids? There is still no definitive on the long-term effects of daycare, but there are steps parents can take to give their children the best daycare experience.

See More

Child Care Center vs. Home-Daycare: Pros & Cons

Which environment is better, a child care center or a home-based daycare? The answer is simple…

During a child care seminar for parents and parents-to-be, I realized the differences between child care centers and home-based daycares were unclear to a lot of families. I was asked which environment was the best, center or home. My answer was simple…

See More

Find Daycare Cost Near You: Use the Daycare Tuition Calculator

How much does full time daycare near me cost? Is home daycare more affordable than a center?

How much does full time daycare cost? Is home daycare near me more affordable than a center? Use our Daycare Tuition Calculator to find out average daycare tuition rates in your zip code.

See More

How To Get Your Child Care Tax Credit

Here are 10 things you need to know to claim your Child and Dependent Care Credit. ..

For most families, child care is the highest single household expense. But, there’s good news! Uncle Sam is here to help and can offset some of your daycare costs. Here are 10 things you need to know to claim your Child and Dependent Care Credit…

See More

FOR PARENTS

Parent ResourcesHow It WorksTestimonialsTerms of UsePrivacy Policy

FOR PROVIDERS

Provider ResourcesHow It WorksTestimonialsTerms and ConditionsList Your Program

MORE

About UsPressJobsContact Us

About UsHow It WorksContact Us

Parent ResourcesProvider Resources

Help Center

Burbank Board Of Education Selects Burbank YMCA As New Operator Of Horace Mann Child Care Center

Horace Mann Child Care Center. (Photo By Ross A. Benson)

The Burbank Board of Education selected the Burbank YMCA as the new operator of the Horace Mann Child Care Center in a unanimous vote 5-0 on Thursday, April 15. The Burbank YMCA will take over operations as of July 1, 2021.

“For several years, there has been a conversation about whether the District should continue to run the Horace Mann Child Care Center,” explained Burbank Unified School District Director of Elementary Education Peter Knapik. “The Child Care Center is located at 3401 Scott Road within the Burbank Unified School District boundaries. The Child Care Center is a State of California licensed child care facility.”

“The typical enrollment is about 110 – 120 children; however, during the 2020-2021 school year enrollment is at approximately 40 students. In 2019-2020, the infant room ages three months to one year of age was closed.”

“Over the past three years, weekly fees were increased to reflect market rates. Rates had not been increased for more than seven years. District employees receive a reduced rate at the Center,” Knapik continued. “The Center has annually run a deficit that has been offset by District funds.”

“The District has an interest in finding a new operator for the Horace Mann Child Care Center,” he added. “A Request for Proposal (RFP) process ensued on February 1, 2021, with the RFP being posted on the District’s website and then mailed to child care centers within Burbank.”

The RFP operator bids required several conditions. The operator must be eligible and submit for State licensing and could offer child care for children ages three months to five years. Burbank Unified School District would not provide any financial support, as the submitting organization must be self-supporting.

Burbank Unified would provide the facility consisting of a school office, health office, staff lounge, supply room, up to eight classrooms including an infant room, an auditorium, a playground, a boys and girls restroom and an adult restroom. The Center has its own entrance and parking lot available for use.

Current Center staff would be offered the opportunity to be hired by the outsourcing organization, with salary and benefits to be determined by the selected organization, which must follow State law regarding payroll.

The child care program must operate from 7:00 a.m. until 6:00 p.m. from Monday through Friday and current instructional materials would be maintained at Horace Mann Child Care Center, Knapik continued. The selected organization would provide professional development for staff and if allowed, the selected organization could possibly continue to work with Child 360 for staff support.

“Two proposals were subsequently submitted,” he told the Board. “An RFP review team evaluated the submitted proposals, held a meeting to review ratings, and then made a recommendation to the Superintendent.”

Earlier in the April 15 Board of Education meeting, Sarah Niemann, BUSD Assistant Superintendent of Human Resources Services, detailed the elimination of Certificated and Classified positions for Board approval, related to the anticipated change to the Burbank YMCA as operator of Horace Mann Child Care Center.

One Supervisor and seven Teacher positions, along with 26 Instructional Assistants, one School Office Manager and two Typist Clerk positions were approved for elimination by the Board.

“We’re going to be working with the Horace Mann employees… to look at all of their options, whether or not they want to stay with Burbank Unified or whether or not they want to accept the position at YMCA,” Niemann told the Board. “Depending on the number of employees who want to stay with BUSD we may have to bump or possibly lay people off.”

“When you transition a program or a school it’s a lot of work and there’s people who have worked for us for a long time so we want to do this process as smoothly as possible and be as helpful as possible.”

“Horace Mann employees are guaranteed a job with the YMCA,” she also said.

“These are the worst votes,” commented Board Clerk Steve Ferguson. “For a few years now we have really worked to try and find a solution that got us to a better location than this. I am very grateful for the YMCA to stand up and make sure people have jobs right now. It is heartbreaking.”

“So much of the case in public education anymore is sacrificing today so you can survive tomorrow,” he added. “To all those whose lives are affected by this decision I can’t apologize enough. I wouldn’t be taking that vote… if we didn’t have any other choice.”

“The Burbank YMCA has always been a quality child care provider within the City of Burbank,” Ferguson also said. “I’m proud of the work overall but I realize how heavy this decision is for many.”

A Memo Of Understanding (MOU) detailing the financial details and fiscal agreement, including custodial services and required quarterly reports to the Board, will be presented to the Board for approval on May 6.

Nanny Work, Babysitting Jobs, Tutor, Au Pair, Senior Care, Personal Assistant, Pet Sitter & Housekeeping Jobs

Maryjane F.
Part-time personal assistant (no children)

Basic tasks such as opening the mail and delivering boxes, coordinating the details of a house renovation project (in Los Feliz), returning ordered goods, watering plants, and helping with two cats. Days of the week and times are very flexible….
Read more

Last logged in yesterday

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 3254866

The job is part-time, out of life

View Personal Assistant Job 3254866

Joel R.
family assistant

…

Last logged in 2 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 6-48 months

View Babysitting Job 3255019

Full Time Job, From Life

View Babysitting Job 3255019

Darwin K.
Whittier, California couple looking for a housekeeper.

We are a couple without children and we need help around the house. He also helped his wife in her daily activities, as she had a back injury. …
More details

Last logged in 2 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Housekeeper Job 3181113

Job full time, Live-in

View Housekeeper Job 3181113

Vivian and D.T.
Looking for a nanny

A loving Southern California family is looking for a dedicated, loving and energetic nanny for a four year old girl. …
More details

Last visited 2 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Dec 23 for 1-48 months

View Babysitting Job 3248493

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Babysitting Job 32480493

Noush R.
Nanny for 3 year old daughter at SoCal only child

We are a professional couple looking for a nanny for our only child. She is 2.5 years old. She is enrolled in a children’s development center, which is most suitable for communication and games with other children. However, due to COVID f…
Read more

Last logged in 2 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Sep 22 for 12-48 months

View Nanny Job 31

Jobs are full or part time, live or live.

View babysitting job 31

Adam G.
Companion for my mom

Companion for my mom. My father is alive and they are still married. Some daily help, eyes and ears and some caring fun. Otherwise, she is self-sufficient ….
Read more

Last logged in 2 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Sep 22

View Superintendent Job 3254268

Job is full time or part time, live or live.

View the work of the senior caregiver 3254268

Modje G.
Live to care for a 79 year old stroke victim.

…

Last logged in 2 days ago

Available Nov 22 – Nov 23

View Senior Caretaker Job 3255440

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Senior Caretaker Job 3255440

Miria H.
life organizer

I’m trying to fix my life! I have a very busy practice and I have four children. I want to organize our lives. I want a system for dinner or meal plans, home organization, fitness and activities for everyone…
Details

Last logged in 2 days ago

Available September 22 – September 22

View Personal Assistant Job 3255287

Full or partial job, living out

View Personal Assistant Job 3255287

Nick S.
Personal assistant

…

Last logged in 3 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 3079269

Full time job, from life

View Personal Assistant Job 3079269

Dana T.

Elderly care and communication

Easy care for an active aging parent recovering from an injury. Spa house, private rooms and sauna. You must be fit, healthy, smart, flexible, with a pleasant disposition. …
Learn More

Last Logged In 3 Days Ago

Available Sep 22 – Jun 23

View Senior Caregiver Job 2534099

Work is full time or part time, live or live.

View the work of the head teacher 2534099

Salman S.
PERSONAL ASSISTANT Beverly Hills

Personal Assistant Includes but is not limited to the following: * MUST TAKE NOTES DURING WORK; IT IS NECESSARY; if you can’t do that, don’t bother applying *20-30 hours per week; more possible * Available …
More details

Last logged in 4 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 3033148

Job is part time, life or life

View Personal Assistant Job 3033148

Tony D.
Helps take care of children, can cook and clean the house.

…

Last logged in 5 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 6-24 months

View Babysitting Job 3218019

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Babysitting Job 3218019

Nikki H.
Babysitters

…

Last login 5 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Sep 22 for 12-48 months

View Babysitting Job 3254370

Full Time Job, From Life

View Babysitter Job 3254370

Gregory L.
filipino guardian

…

Last logged in 7 days ago

Available from September 22 to September 22

View the work of the head teacher 3253825

Full or part-time work, Live-in

View the work of the head caregiver 3253825

Scott W.
Assistant to take care of my business while I’m away

Hello, I am looking for a personal assistant who can handle my personal and business errands in my spare time. Someone who can offer me these services: Mail services: receive my letters and forward them to UPS, buy gifts, Bill Payme. ..
Details

Last logged in 8 days ago

Available September 22 – October 22

View Personal Assistant Job 31

Full or partial job, living out

View Personal Assistant Job 31

Wesley S.
A young and busy man is looking for a personal assistant

As my personal assistant, you will be required to perform the following tasks: 1. Run errands, mostly minor tasks. 2. Book a table at a restaurant, etc. 3. Stroke my arm with your thumb. 4. Do small chores around the house. 5. Cook (…
Read more

Last logged in 8 days ago

Available Jul 22 – Mar 24

View Personal Assistant Job 3212678

Full time, Live-in

View Personal Assistant Job 3212678

Jim N.
Personal assistant and pet sitter

Domestic helper and pet sitter. Single man 40 years old. Light cleaning (full cleaning done by the maid XNUMX times a week). Light cooking or ordering food. Staying with a pet while I’m away.. ..
Read more

Last logged in 8 days ago

Available Oct 22 – Nov 22

View Personal Assistant Job 1972115

Full-time, Live-in job

View Personal Assistant Job 1972115

Alan D.
housekeeper and personal assistant

Need someone to help organize and take care of things in busy family life and small business office….
More details

Last logged in 10 days ago

Available from 22 September to 22 September

View Personal Assistant Job 1553086

Full or partial job, surviving

View Personal Assistant Job 1553086

Eric H.
Los Angeles – Life Skills Coach / PA State

Dear Au Pair, Looking for a live-in or live-in coach/tutor/personal life skills assistant in Los Angeles. For more information about what we need, see the job description. Kayo, Eric…
Details

Last logged in 10 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 9-24 months

View Au Pair Jobs 2338002

Jobs are full time or part time, live or live.

View job Au Pair 2338002

Andrew s.
Looking for a healthy housekeeper for a friendly family.

…

Last login 10 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Housekeeper Job 3236182

Full time job, Live-in

View Housekeeper Job 3236182

Carlos G.
PA/EA Los Angeles Full Time Dream

Looking for PA/EA. I’m in Hawthorne, California. It’s a personal position…
More Info

Last Logged In 10 Days Ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 3244004

The job is full time or part time, live or live.

View Personal Assistant Job 3244004

Max M.
LOS ANGELES DAD NEED HELP

Christian family of Southern California. …
Details

Last login 15 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 12-48 months

View Nanny Job 3243551

Full or Partial Job, Live-in

View Nanny Job 3243051

Daniel K.
Warm, busy family of 5 looking for a nanny to restore balance

. ..

Last logged in 16 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 6-36 months

View Au Pair Job 3227973

The job is full or part time, live or live.

View job Au Pair 3227973

Jen O.
Caring for an elderly couple with dementia

…

Last visited 16 days ago

Available Jan 23 – Jun 23 for 12-48mo.

View Au Pair Job 3251545

Full time job, live or live

View Au Pair Job 3251545

Derrick L.
A young Asian family is looking for a part-time nanny.

…

Last login 16 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Sep 22 for 2-6 months

View Babysitting Job 3251422

Full or Partial Job, Living Out

View Babysitting Job 3251422

Simon b.
Working as a Personal Assistant in Beverly Hills with Family

…

Last logged in 17 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 2759735

I have a job,

View Personal Assistant Job 2759735

Esther P.

Seeking care for a loving couple // Moving to Pasadena

…

Last visited 19 days ago

Available from 22 September to 22 October

View Senior Caretaker Job 3250827

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Senior Caretaker Job 3250827

John D.
Nurse Miloslav Poland

…

Last logged in 22 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Superintendent Job 3250007

Job is full time or part time, live or live.

View the work of the head caregiver 3250007

John D.
Full time or part time babysitter miloslav poland

Daily check-in, meal preparation and light household chores as well as light grocery shopping…
Learn More

Last Logged In 22 Days Ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Senior Caregiver Job 3250002

Jobs are full or part time, live or live.

View the work of the head teacher 3250002

Aaron G.
Looking for a match for my amazing six year old dad.

…

Last logged in 23 days ago

Available Sept 22 – Dec 22 for 12-48 months

View Au Pair Job 3243950

Job is full or part time, live or live.

View job Au Pair 3243950

Daniel I.
AuPair required for a family of 5 in suburban Los Angeles

We are a family of 5, 2 hardworking parents and 3 wonderful boys. All the boys get along very well with each other, and it’s nice to be around them….
More details

Last login 24 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 12-24 months

View Au Pair Job 2430315

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Au Pair Job 2430315

Nadine Yu.
Los Angeles family looking for energetic and caring nanny

Hello, we are a family of four living in West Los Angeles. My husband Brad is from Turkey and I am from Germany, we have been living in Los Angeles for over 20 years. Our son Max is almost 9 years old; he is currently in 3rd grade at Westwood C.. .
More info

Last login 24 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 8-24 months

View babysitting job 3220578

Full time job, from life

View babysitting job 3220578

David P.
Personal assistant needed – part-time, 10-15 hours

…

Last logged in 25 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 2500459

The job is part-time, out of life

View Personal Assistant Job 2500459

Lara L.
Ama de Llaves, Ciudadora

Incluya Cualquier Tarea Que El Ama De Llaves Deba Cumplir, including El Nivel de labyrinth requisido couple Cada Tarea ….
More details

Last visited 25 days ago

Available Dec 22 – Dec 22

View Housekeeper Job 3249035

Full time job, from life

View Housekeeper Job 3249035

William H.
Looking for a guardian from Argentina for my 87 year old parents

You will need to be able to cook meals, help with medicines, help with walks, clean the house and do laundry. …
Read more

Last logged in 25 days ago

Available Sept 22 – Oct 22

View Supervisor Job 3072215

Full-time, Live-in Job

View Supervisor Job 3072215

Bob R.
I live as a housekeeper in a gated community by car

The housekeeper will have to keep the house clean and perform general tasks. I live alone with two kids in college. We will provide a 2020 VW car, a great place to live in a big house plus a weekly salary….
Read more

Last logged in 27 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Housekeeper Job 2719878

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Housekeeper Job 2719878

Stephanie S.
Babysitter needed for adorable 3 month old baby

Changing diapers, feeding and entertainment of a three-month-old baby. A 3-year-old child is in school and needs to be taken to school from time to time. We look forward to meeting you. Both parents work from home. …
Read more

Last logged in 31 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View babysitting job 3246554

Job is a part-time job, out of life

View babysitting job 3246554

Caroline N.

Au Pair for a British family living in the Hollywood Hills

Hello potential Au Pair, I am a single mother living in the Hollywood Hills in Los Angeles. I am a fashion stylist and my husband is a TV presenter and lives nearby. We have two children, Jack (3) and Edie (6). They are mega! We like…
Read more

Last logged in 34 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 6-24 months

View Au Pair Job 2956492

Full or Partial Job, Live-in

View Au Pair Job 2956492

Shaina L.
Loving, Respectful, Flexible and Reliable.

We are a family of 3 which includes me (mom), my 7 year old son and our little dog Jax. My 7 year old is very independent which makes the job very easy. I work in film and television and this makes my work schedule very unpredictable. I…
Read more

Last logged in 35 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 1-48 months

View Au Pair Job 3244579

Full Time Job, From Life

View Au Pair Job 3244579

Adio S.

I need a calm humble and experienced mentor for

I need an experienced tutor…
More info

Last logged in 36 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View tutor 3246291

Job is part time, life or life

View tutor 3246291

Dominic H.
Nanny for an energetic second grader

A nanny should help with homework for a second grader….
More info

Last logged in 37 days ago

Available Aug 22 – Sep 23

View babysitting job 3246071

Job is a part time job, from life0005

View babysitting job 3246071

Connie T.
Nanny for adorable twins (1 year old) and a calm 6 year old

Dear Nanny or Aupair, We are a fun loving family that loves to travel on vacation, we visit Mexico often and would like some help. …
Details

Last login 37 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 1-1 months

View Au Pair job 3241404

Job is a part-time job, from life

View job Au Pair 3241404

Michael S.

Au Pair or Nanny for an international family from Los Angeles

…

Last login 37 days ago

Available Dec 22-22 for 12-36 months

View Au Pair Job 3186490

Full or Partial Job, Live-in

View Au Pair Job 3186095

Zarya B.
Creative friend to help with ADL for seniors

The most important aspect of caring for her is to have a sense of humor, talk to her, play puzzles, cards, walk. Basically be a friend…
Read more

Last logged in 38 days ago

Available Jul 22 – Sep 22

View Senior Caretaker Job 3223217

Job is part-time, of life

View Senior Caretaker 32020217

Tariq J.
Need an incredibly smart and thoughtful assistant

The busy professional is looking for someone who is smart, thoughtful, and hardworking. The job will mainly require research, writing and communication skills. You can also expect some errands from time to time. Candidate with…
Read more

Last logged in 38 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 2570158

Full time job, from life

View Personal Assistant Job 2570158

Dina M.

Babysitter/assistant at Studio City

…

Last logged in 41 days ago

Available Sept 22 – Oct 22 for 12-36 months

View Nanny Job 3242039

Full or part-time job, living up to

View babysitting job 3242039

Juan l.
real time position in Manhattan Beach

We are a multicultural family based in Manhattan Beach, California. My husband is from Spain and he has been living here for over 20 years, I came here ten years ago from Italy to work at UCLA and I currently live at home mum…
More details

Last visited 45 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 9-24 months

View Babysitting Job 2448994

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Babysitting Job 2448994

Narges H.
Farsi speaking elderly couple caregiver

My parents are both 85 years old. No mobility issues. They both become forgetful, so they need someone to give them oral medication, do the laundry, take them for a walk, remind them to take a shower, prepare clothes for. ..
Read more

Last logged in 47 days ago

Available Aug 22 – Nov 22

View Superintendent Job 3243303

Job is full time or part time, live or live.

View the work of the senior educator 3243303

Christy R.
Babysitter needed for this Thursday from 4:00 AM to 8:30 PM.

Just need help tomorrow Thursday 7th from 28:4 to 8:30….
Read more

Last logged in 53 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View babysitting job 3241709

Job is a part-time job, out of life

View babysitting job 3241709

Mendel K.
Single parent looking for a nanny for 3 beautiful children

…

Last login 53 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Sep 22 for 12-36 months

View Babysitter Job 3241638

Job is full time or part time, live or real time.

View babysitting job 3241638

Lisa T.
We are looking for help while we are in the Bahamas.

Dear Candidate, We will always be with you. We will not leave you alone with your children. We just need an extra pair of hands. …
More details

Last visited 53 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 1-1 months

See babysitting job 3241624

Full or part-time job, surviving

See babysitting job 3241624

Hanna L.
New parents are looking for a reliable person

We are a young family of 3 looking for someone who can help clean, cook and take care of our baby who is almost 1 year old. We don’t have food preferences, but we would like someone to know how to cook healthy food. We also have a small dog, so…
Read more

Last logged in 54 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Housekeeper Job 3228962

Full time job, Live-in

View Housekeeper Job 3228962

Whitney S.
Looking for a caring and loving Au Pair

…

Last login 55 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Jan 23 for 24-48 months

View Job Au Pair 3241119

Full Time Job, Live-in

View job Au Pair 3241119

Vivian R.

Southern California family with three children

…
Login

Quinn S.
Los Angeles and Montecito family looking for au pair

We are a loving family in a busy active family. We live in a nice area of ​​Los Angeles and spend weekends in our beautiful home in Montecito. We are looking for someone who would be a good match for us….
Read more

Last login 59 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Sep 22 for 12-36 months

View Au Pair Job 3075279

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Au Pair Job 3075279

View Au Pair Job 3075279

Antoine M.
ELDERLY RESIDENTIAL ASSISTANT WANTED

A guardian will take care of a pleasant and beloved wife. Had a stroke 4.5 years ago. The left hand is still limited in movement, but she can walk with a cane and with the help of a caregiver and needs help with bathing and…
Read more

Last logged in 60 days ago

Available Sept 22 – Oct 22

View Supervisor Job 3239128

Full-time Live-in Job

View Supervisor Job 3239128

Nathanael S.

Live-in Nanny in Los Angeles, California

…

Last login 61 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 3-48 months

View Babysitter Job 3181965

Full time job, Live-in

View babysitting job 3181965

Matt b.
Long Beach family looking for a personal assistant

…

Last logged in 62 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 3236215

Work is part time, life or life

View Personal Assistant Job 3236215

Ronaldo E.
Guardian for the elderly

Cheryl was diagnosed with dementia praecox at age 54. She has two college-age sons and lives with her ex-husband. He travels frequently and has business everywhere, so he needs a caregiver to take care of Cheryl. We live on the beach…
Read more

Last logged in 63 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Supervisor Job 3224291

Full-time, Live-in Job

View Supervisor Job 3224291

Mobolaji L.

Live in a nanny

…

Last login 64 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 6-24 months

View Babysitting Job 3080297

Full time job, Live-in

View babysitting job 3080297

Ashley Z.
Long-term (from 1 year) part-time nanny position

We are a family of four. My husband works from home and I work from home about 2 days a week. My husband works in IT/software consulting and I work in medical devices. We don’t have many activities at the moment, but the kids…
Details

Last visited 65 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 12-36 months

See babysitting job 3238351

Full or part-time job, surviving

See babysitting job 3238351

Nadia R.
Personal assistant in my Chinese medicine business

…

Last logged in 68 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 3237480

Work is part time, life or life

View Personal Assistant Job 3237480

Crystal S.

Housekeeper needed for 3 kids

We are a family of 5. My husband and I were born and raised in Southern California. My husband and I got married in November 2010. We have three children (3 years old (boy), 5 years old 4 (boy), 9 years old (girl) and we are currently pregnant with our fourth child….
More details

Last login 70 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 12-48 months

View Au Pair Job 2780986

Full time job, Live-in

View job Au Pair 2780986

Sabrina H.
senior guardian

…

Last logged in 70 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Supervisor Job 3236838

Full-time Live-in Job

View Supervisor Job 3236838

Cody P.
Assistant lives in

Live in a helper. Live well. Based on des monies Iowa. Easy job. All expenses are paid, including accommodation, food, car, etc. …
Read more

Last logged in 71 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 3236188

The job is full time or part time, live or live.

View Personal Assistant Job 3236188

Kidesha S.
International life of opportunity

Looking for an ideal/professional/well mannered/well qualified candidate for a babysitting/housework job. …
Read more

Last visited 71 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Jun 24 for 24-48 months.

View Babysitting Job 3236452

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Babysitting Job 3236452

Christine H.
Filipino family looking for a nanny

…

Last login 74 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 6-12 months

View Au Pair Job 3235673

Job is full time or part time, live or real time.

View job Au Pair 3235673

Faranak S.
Elderly care and housekeeping

Cooking, taking medicine, bathing, housekeeping, etc.
More details

Last logged in 74 days ago

Available from September 22 to October 22

View the work of the head teacher 3235388

Job is full time or part time, live or real time.

View the work of the senior caregiver 3235388

Ren W.
Nanny for 19 months during your stay at the Plantation Resort

Looking for someone to babysit my boss’s 19 month old baby for full days from 8:7 am to 2:28 pm and sometimes until the evening if my boss and his wife want to go out for dinner. Dates from August XNUMX to XNUMX. …
Read more

Last logged in 75 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View babysitting job 3235614

Full or part time job, living out

View babysitting job 3235614

Jason J.
Need Nanny OR Aupair

…

Last logged in 79 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 24-30 months

View Au Pair Job 3215928

Job is full time or part time, live or live.

View job Au Pair 3215928

Michael H.
Au Pair required for August 2022

We have three small children. 5 and 3 years old both go to school, and the baby of 6 months is still at home. We need a flexible au pair who can take care of an infant while the parents are at work, as well as someone who can practice, teach and play with…
Details

Last visited 80 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 12-24 months

View Au Pair Job 2

9

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Au Pair Job 2

9

Alara M.
Looking for a nanny for our 2 year old

…

Last logged in 83 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Jan 23

View Babysitting Job 3233481

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Babysitting Job 3233481

David T.
Personal Assistant/Housekeeper

Below is a detailed job description. Your responsibilities are as follows: . • Fulfillment of a service task for a part/instruction. • Fulfillment of personal assignments (reception and payment). • Work as an alternative tele…
More details

Last logged in 85 days ago

Available June 22 – December 22

View Personal Assistant Job 3233050

The job is part-time, out of life

View Personal Assistant Job 3233050

Ravi K.

Part time caregiver required for father

I am looking for a caring caregiver for my father, who is 88 years old. He had a fall, but he walks a little with a walker. The caregiver will help with toileting, dressing and bathing until he can do it himself. He really understand…
Learn More

Last Logged In 90 Days Ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Senior Caregiver Job 3229228

Work is full time or part time, live or live.

View the work of the head caregiver 3229228

Alex L.
senior guardian

…

Last logged in 92 days ago

Available from September 22 to October 22

View the work of the senior caregiver 3231323

Full or partial work, living out

View the work of the head caregiver 3231323

Chloe Y.
Live in Nanny for 6 year old son in Los Angeles

We are a Chinese American family who will need help for a week or a month to help our son transition to a PST schedule. They’re coming home from a holiday in Europe, and given that we’re working during the day, we need someone…
Read more

Last logged in 95 days ago

Available Sept 22 – Oct 22 for 1-1 months

View Babysitting Job 3230372

Jobs are full or part time, live or live.

View babysitting job 3230372

Bina J.
Nanny

…

Last logged in 96 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View babysitting job 3230168

Full time job, Live-in

View babysitting job 3230168

Ray G.
Help with language (Portuguese) and possibly driving

I will help translate from Portuguese into English. My Portuguese is not very good. Also drive around the city…
More details

Last logged in 104 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 3228061

Job is a part-time job, from life

View Personal Assistant Job 3228061

Emily H.
SOLICITA ayudante en el domicilio.

Ven a vivir en EEUU

Somos una pareja trabajadores pero al final del día una familia bien amorosa. No tenemos ayuda con el nino …
More details

Last visited 105 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Sep 22 for 12-48 months

View Babysitting Job 3227825

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Babysitting Job 3227825

Amina T.
We are looking for a nanny!!!

Take the kids to the playground, play with my babies, change diapers, feed them, change clothes, push them in the stroller…….
Details

Last visited 106 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Babysitter Job 3227305

Full Time Job, From Life

View Babysitter Job 3227305

Roya S.
I need someone to either live in my converted garage or

I need something kind and good with heating to help my mom walk, go to the toilet and feed her. Help wash the dishes…
Details

Last visited 108 days ago

Available from September 22 to October 22

View the work of the senior caregiver 3214209

Work full, live or alive

View the work of the head caregiver 3214209

Azina H.

Part time babysitter

…

Last visited 109days ago

Available Sept 22 – Dec 22 for 1-24 months

View Nanny Job 3226898

Job is part-time, out of life

View Nanny Job 3226898

Stacey B.
Baby care

…

Last visited 110 days ago

Available Aug 23 – Sep 22 for 6-18mo.

View babysitting job 3226554

Jobs are full time or part time, live or live.

View babysitting job 3226554

Amy B.
Nanny for a 3 year old and a newborn

…

Last visited 114 days ago

Available Oct 22 – Jan 23 for 12-18 months.

See babysitting job 3220851

Full time job, live or live

See babysitting job 3220851

Jasmine W.
Nanny / Tagalog speaking housekeeper

…

Last logged in 115 days ago

Available Sept 22 – Oct 22 for 24-48 months

View Babysitting Job 3152701

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Babysitting Job 3152701

Cheryl S.

Cheerful active family looking for a positive role model

…

Last login 116 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 12-24 months

View Job Au Pair 2855577

Full time job, Live-in

View job Au Pair 2855577

Ronaldo E.
Guardian for the elderly

Cheryl is 57 years old and has been diagnosed with dementia praecox. She needs companionship and help with food, therapy, etc. We live on the beach in Southern California. The teacher will have their own room and a full bathroom. …
More details

Last logged in 117 days ago

Available from September 22 to October 22

View the work of the head teacher 3224263

Full time job, Live-in

View senior caregiver job 3224263

Monica M.
Los Angeles family looking for outgoing nanny/cook/cleaner

Nice lady who can help with the newborn, cooking and cleaning…
More details

Last logged in 120 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Housekeeper Job 3210156

Full time job, Live-in

View Housekeeper Job 3210156

Jeremy G.

Growing family looking for au pair

Hello. We are going to be a family of five. My name is Jeremy and my wife is Hannelore. Our eldest son Lucifer. He is an amazingly curious child. His interests are diverse, but he approaches everything decisively …
More details

Last login 120 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 12-36 months

View Au Pair Job 3222364

Full time job, Live-in

View job Au Pair 3222364

Jerry H.
Personal assistant / housekeeper

Open and send mail. Clean house / office, bathrooms, floors. Organize the mess in your home/office. Accompany the owner for shopping and business. Join the employer on a 35-minute walk along a beautiful street lined with tall trees and mountains. I had small dogs and cats – now…
Details

Last visited 126 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 3185097

Job is full time or part time, live or live.

View Personal Assistant Job 3185097

Louis O.

Beverly Hills family looking for energetic nanny

Hello! My employer and his wife need a talented, energetic nanny for their equally talented and very energetic children (a boy and a girl, 8 and 2.5 years old respectively). This is a beautiful family from a wealthy family…
Read more

Last visited 129 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 4-48 months

View Babysitting Job 3220210

Full Time Job, Lifetime

View Babysitter Job 3220210

Evgenia B.
Looking for assistant writer and founder + help with pets

I am a writer and business owner looking for a local PA who can help with scheduling, data entry, Google Drive organization, calendar planning and social media engagement. As is the general idea. Requires expert use of google drive…
Read more

Last logged in 129 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 3220908

Work is part time, life or life

View Personal Assistant Job 3220908

Tracey G.

Senior caretaker (accommodation option)

I am looking for a home caregiver for a 75 year old man with moderate dementia. Nonviolent. Diabetes using insulin. First of all, he needs help with medication, food preparation and hygiene reminder (he can take a shower, get dressed and go to the toilet) …
Read more

Last logged in 130 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Superintendent Job 3221096

Job is full time or part time, live or live.

View the work of the senior educator 3221096

Eileen L.
Housework + dog walking

I live alone with two dogs in a large apartment in Century City. It is very secure and has underground parking with three spaces that belong to me. I want to do housekeeping, clean the living/dining room, bedroom, bathrooms, kitchen,…
Read more

Last logged in 132 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Housekeeper Job 3207853

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Housekeeper Job 3207853

Adam B.

looking for au pair nanny to start as soon as possible

looking for a nanny or au pair who can start as soon as possible and get a good salary and other job related benefits, if you are interested, send me a message, I will give you more details….
Read more

Last logged in 133 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 6-12 months

View Au Pair Job 3219188

Full or Partial Job, Live-in

View Au Pair Job 3210058

Janet K.
To live in

…

Last logged in 134 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 24-24 months

View Nanny Job 3220208

Full Time Job, Live-in

View babysitting job 3220208

Katy G.
Child and small dog care

We are a young family consisting of mom, dad and a little girl, as well as a small dog. We are looking for a loving, responsible and reliable nanny who will be part of our family and be flexible with our schedule. We’ll make this job a pleasure. ..
More details

Last visited 138 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 2-48 months

See babysitting job 3202399

Full or part-time job, surviving

See babysitting job 3202399

Grace K.
Care for 2 children

…

Last logged in 138 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 3-12 months

View Nanny Job 3219212

Job is a part-time job, out of life

View Nanny Job 32100212

Mike J.
Live In Caregiver for Bedridden Senior

Free room and negotiated salary in a beautiful home in Woodland Hills, California. My mother is bedridden. She is 83 years old, she is very courageous, but she cannot walk. Just a few hours of work. Cleaning her, medication, food, keeping the house in order is £280, so…
More details

Last logged in 139 days ago

Available from September 22 to October 22

View the work of the senior caregiver 3219052

Full or partial work, Live-in

View the work of the senior caregiver 3219052

Choco L.

creative family 🙂

…

Last login 141 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 6-12 months

View Au Pair Job 3207648

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Au Pair Job 3207058

Suzanne K.
Looking for a Nanny in Playa Vista

…

Last logged in 145 days ago

Available Sept 22 – Oct 22 for 5-36 months

View Babysitter Job 3217546

Full Time Job, From Life

View Babysitter Job 3217546

Purna K.
Los Angeles family looking for au pair

…

Last login 145 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 12-48 months

View Au Pair Job 3217725

Full Job, Live or Live

View job Au Pair 3217725

Ava A.
We are a fun, loving family if 4

We are a family of four looking for a kind, loving person to help us as a family member! …
More details

Last visited 145 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 1-14 months

View babysitting job 3217718

Job is part-time, out of life

View babysitter job8 3217710005

Rachel F.

Need daily help around the house

Daily tasks may include: dishes, cleaning the kitchen, wiping tables and surfaces, sweeping the floor, taking care of pets (cats), delivering mail and parcels, watering plants, laundry, general cleaning, organizing, grocery shopping…
More details

Last logged in 146 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Housekeeper Job 3212459

The job is a part-time job, from life

View Housekeeper Job 3212459

Jeff G.
Hurry

…

Last login 146 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 1-3 months

View Au Pair Job 3217432

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Au Pair Job 3217032

View Au Pair Job 3217432

Swati m.
Los Angeles family looking for responsible and compassionate nanny

…

Last logged in 147 days ago

Available Sept 22 – Oct 22 for 1-6 months

View Au Pair Job 3217150

Jobs are full time or part time, live or live.

View job Au Pair 3217150

Jala N.
Housekeeper

…

Last logged in 148 days ago

Available from May 22 to September 220005

View Housekeeper Job 3216954

Lindsey L.
A family from Los Angeles is looking for the perfect partner!

We are a happy married couple with 4 year old boy Duke and our 10 year old dog Billy. We love going to the farmers market and the park and traveling when it’s safe! …
More details

Last visited 149 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 12-48 months

View babysitting job 3208447

Job is part time, life or life

View babysitting job 3208447

Mo m.
Looking for a full time living assistant in Hou

…

Last logged in 149 days ago

Available Sept 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 3216734

Full time, Live-in

View Personal Assistant Job 3216734

Santiago P.
A young family is looking for a nurse for 2-3 days.

We love our new bundle of joy and we just hope to find someone who can make her smile and laugh while taking care of her in the best possible way….
More details

Last logged in 149 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 6-36 months

View Nanny Job 3216678

Jobs are full or part time, live or live.

View babysitting job 3216678

Jennifer b.
Los Angeles family looking for a loving and fun nanny!

…

Last logged in 150 days ago

Available Sept 22 – Oct 22 for 24-48 months

View Nanny’s Job 3062478

Full Job, Live or Live

View Nanny’s Job 3060078

Teri b.
Woman from Los Angeles is looking for a man who loves dogs and the beach

KEEPING THE HOUSE CLEAN AND ORGANIZED, LAUNDRY, MAKING THE BED OR FOR THE RANDOM GUEST. I feed and walk my 3 friendly dogs. Water the plants, if I’m having a dinner party, she’ll need a lot of help with food and…
Read more

Last logged in 153 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Housekeeper Job 3215226

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Housekeeper Job 3215226

Marie I.

real estate display assistant

I need someone to help me show the property. The task is to arrive approximately 30 minutes before the start of the show to prepare the house. You will need to turn on the lights, open the curtains, windows, etc., and then show…
Read more

Last logged in 156 days ago

Available Apr 22 – Dec 22

View Personal Assistant Job 3209380

The job is part-time, out of life

View Personal Assistant Job 3209380

Nilesh P.
Need an experienced nanny for a newborn daughter.

…

Last logged in 157 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 1-6 months

View Nanny Job 3215043

Job is full time or part time, live or real time.

View babysitting job 3215043

Mian L.
Contrato um empregado domestico ou Faixinheira

…

Last logged in 160 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Housekeeper Job 3214360

The job is part-time, out of life

View Housekeeper Job 3214360

Jaslyn S.

Los Angeles family looking for housekeeper/cook/nanny

Hi we have a 1 year old and 1 dog so we need help while my husband is working. He works from home, but is busy from 2am to 7-5pm. The main duties we need help with are general cleaning of the house, dishes, garbage removal,…
More details

Last visited 160 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Housekeeper Job 3214276

Job is a part-time job, from life

View Housekeeper Job 3214276

Allen K.
Looking for Awesome La Habra Heights Personal Assistant

Personal assistant to help with 2 acres of family property. We are looking for a highly organized and efficient person who can make phone calls, organize files, conduct Internet research, help with design projects, order materials, etc.
Details

Last visited 162 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 2750112

Full or partial job, living out

View Personal Assistant Job 2750112

Rose R.

Guatemala Family looking for responsible guardian

I am looking for a person who lives in Guatemala City and who has his own transport for care work. The tasks will be to prepare meals for an 86 year old elderly woman who has digestive problems and walking problems, so she needs help with…
Read more

Last logged in 164 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Senior Caregiver Job 3213424

Job is a part-time job, out of life

View Senior Caregiver Job 3213424

Ann H.
Elderly care

With accommodation for the provision of the following services: laundry, cleaning, meals, exercise, medicine, tube feeding, bathing, dressing, meeting with an attendant. …
Read more

Last logged in 167 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Supervisor Job 3212690

Full-time Live-in Job

View Supervisor Job 3212690

Quinn R.
The cutest grandmother in Burbank needs a babysitter

I am currently looking for someone to take care of my 83 year old grandmother. She will come home next month to live with her daughter (age 58), granddaughter (age 30), grandson (age 23) and great grandson (age 5) in a house in Burbank. They also…
Read more

Last logged in 173 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Superintendent Job 3211368

Job is full time or part time, live or live.

View the work of the senior caregiver 3211368

Deborah B.
part time nanny

…

Last visited 174 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 3-12 months

View babysitting job 3211146

Part-time job, Live-in

View babysitting job 3211146

Timothy s.
housekeeper, live maid

helping my mom around the house for regular cleaning, cooking and spending time around the house :)…
More details

Last logged in 175 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Housekeeper Job 3208900

Full time job, Live-in

View Housekeeper Job 3208900

Mark M.

Los Angeles family looking for a caring and honest nanny

…

Last logged in 178 days ago

Available Sept 22 – Oct 22 for 12-12 months

View Nanny’s Job 3208746

Full Job, Live or Live

View Nanny’s Job 32008046

Carl S.
Looking for a personal assistant / dog sitter

I run a big team in Orange County, work fast and look for someone who can keep up with me and needs to say something once! Someone with a great finish but will also take care of my baby Tompkins with lots of…
Read more

Last logged in 179 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 2859422

Job full, live or live

View Personal Assistant Job 2859422

Jackson L.
UCLA-educated family seeks live-in nanny housekeeper

My name is Jackson and my partner is Viva Fung. I am American Chinese, I speak Cantonese and English, and she is from Beijing, I speak English and Chinese. I have over 10 years of experience in software development. ..
Read more

Last login 180 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 1-48 months

View Au Pair Job 2582562

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Au Pair Job 2582052

Stacey S.
LA Family is looking for a fun and kind Au Pair

Our family is active, quite relaxed and fun (but I’m biased). We love to spend time outdoors – on the beach, playing golf, walking around the neighborhood, having barbecues in the backyard. We love to take car trips to enjoy nature. We love li…
Read more

Last login 180 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 9-48 months

View Au Pair Job 2798083

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Au Pair Job 2798083

Julie B.
I am looking for a nanny / cook with knowledge of Korean for a child of 2 years.

…

Last visited 183 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 1-48 months

See babysitting job 3208910

Full time job, living or living

See babysitting job 3208910

Christy F.

LIVE IN A Nanny REQUIRED IN MANHATTAN BEACH

…

Last login 183 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 12-48 months

View Au Pair Job 3208903

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Au Pair Job 32008905

Michael N.
Executive Personal Assistant required, check description

I am looking for an executive assistant to help manage personal and business matters. Needed a right hand throughout my daily life and for larger purposes. Your previous work experience may be less important than you think. Willie…
More Info

Last Logged In 183 Days Ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 3202037

The job is full or part time, live or live.

View Personal Assistant Job 3202037

Miyako I.
California family seeks help for newborns and toddlers

A warm family looking for a long term commitment to join our family of 4 (newborn girl + 2.5 year old boy). We both work, but now I’m on maternity leave, so for the first 5 months I’ll help more. We like to walk…
More details

Last visited 185 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 12-48 months

View Au Pair Job 3208497

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Au Pair Job 3208497

Lee R.
Children 3 and 5 years old

…

Last logged in 187 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 1-12 months

View Nanny Job 3206924

Jobs are full time or part time, live or live.

View babysitting job 3206924

James S.
Family of British filmmakers needs help with childcare

…

Last logged in 192 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 2-24 months

View Nanny Job 2407076

Jobs are full or part time, live or live.

View babysitting job 2407076

Bella E.
Personal assistant needed for short term work

We are a creative family in the Hollywood hills looking for short term personal assistance….
More info

Last login 193 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 1-2 months

View babysitting job 2612873

Job is a part-time job, of life

View babysitter job 2610073

Samuel A.

Has experience caring for a patient with dementia

ADL Cooking Easy Cleaning…
Read more

Last logged in 194 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Superintendent Job 3200964

Jobs are full or part time, live or live.

View the work of the senior caregiver 3200964

Hana T.
Nanny needed for May 2022

-Plenty of time to play, especially outdoors -Arts and crafts -Easy food preparation -Feeding -Bedtime routine…

Last logged in 194 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View babysitting job 3205817

Full or part time job, living out

View babysitting job 3205817

Matthew S.
Busy Financial Advisor Assistant

Requires 4 hours to 10 hours. Hours and salary are negotiable and dependent on experience and learning curve. …
More details

Last visited 196 days ago

Available from 22 September to 22 October

View Personal Assistant Job 3205324

The job is full or part time, live or live.

View Personal Assistant Job 3205324

Erika S.
Nanny required for newborn

…

Last visited 198 days ago

Available Oct 22 – Nov 22 for 12-48 months.

View job Au Pair 3203586

Full or part-time job, Live-in

View job Au Pair 3203586

Monica B.
CEO is looking for a dynamic leader/personal assistant

We are looking for a hardworking, warm, caring and professional assistant to support our CEO/Business Owner both in the office and on the road as travel is essential to our business. If you are a natural educator…
Details

Last visited 200 days ago

Available from 22 September to 22 October

View Personal Assistant Job 3198318

Full time job, life

View Personal Assistant Job 3198318

Griselda P.
Live-in caregiver needed for seniors

…

Last logged in 202 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Supervisor Job 3204013

Full-time, Live-in Job

View Supervisor Job 3204013

Sean S.

Child care, babysitting, light house cleaning, cooking.

…

Last visited 203 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 12-48 months

View Babysitting Job 3203739

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Babysitter Job 32003059

Lisa B.
Los Angeles family looking for nanny/PT assistant

…

Last logged in 204 days ago

Available Sept 22 – Oct 22 for 6-12 months

View Babysitting Job 3203542

Jobs are full or part time, live or live.

View babysitting job 3203542

Hey B.
Personal assistant to the head

PLEASE DO NOT APPLY if you are not located in the Greater Los Angeles area or are not comfortable with the full-time flexible on-call service at the wage rate below and do not plan to stay with the agency more than once. ..
Read more

Last logged in 204 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 3203383

Full time job, from life

View Personal Assistant Job 3203383

Claudia S.

Looking for someone who loves children!

…

Last logged in 205 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Sep 22 for 1-48 months

View Au Pair Job 1096510

Job is full time or part time, live or live.

View job Au Pair 1096510

Ruth A.
The Ruth family is looking for a long term personal assistant

A personal assistant will be with me every day. Sometimes child care help helps with planning, scheduling, cleaning, delivering orders, etc…
More details

Last logged in 207 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 3187929

Full time job, Live-in

View Personal Assistant Job 3187929

Stephen J.
The personal assistant needed to manage Estate Style Home,

Single dad and entertainment manager is looking for a domestic goddess, personal assistant and property manager! I live in Sherman Oaks, California in a manor-style house located in the hills of Sherman Oaks. The house has breathtaking views, 5 bedrooms…
Details

Last visited 207 days ago

Available from 22 Sep to 22 Oct

View Personal Assistant Job 2580375

Part-time, Live-in

View Personal Assistant Job 2580375

Julie S.
Housekeeper

I need someone to live in or out 4-5 days a week. Support my home. Laundry, cleaning, cooking, etc.
More info

Last login 208 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Housekeeper Job 3180884

Job is part time, life or life

View Housekeeper Job 3180884

Shilpa J.
Nanny needed for a 9 month old baby boy.

…

Last logged in 210 days ago

Available Sept 22 – Oct 22 for 12-48 months

View Nanny Job 3202035

Full Job Live or Live

View Nanny Job 3200035

Lisa m.
Santa Monica needs a babysitter for a cute 2 year old girl

Hello! My name is Lisa and my daughter’s name is Lily. She is very happy and sweet. I work most of the day, so I need your help all day. From time to time during the week I will be there to help. Discover life in a situation and discover…
Read more

Last logged in 211 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 12-48 months

View Nanny Job 3171096

Full Job, Live or Live

View Nanny Job 3170096

View Nanny Job 3171096

Melissa Mr.
need au pair, it’s fun and good with kids

I have 4 wonderful children. 2 boys are very independent at ages 8 and 11. My 2 girls are almost 3 and 5 years old. I hope to find someone who will be patient and nice with our 3 and 5 years. I hope the au pair enjoys being part of a good lo…
Read more

Last login 216 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 6-24 months

View Au Pair Job 3109192

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Au Pair Job 3109192

View Au Pair Job 3109192

Joe S.
Etc.

…

Last login 219 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Housekeeper Job 3199927

Full time job, Live-in

View Housekeeper Job 3199927

Amalia P.

Looking for a Greek Au Pair in Los Angeles

Hi all! Our names are Amalia and Sterling and we live in Los Angeles, California with two children, Zoe (4) and Theo (1.5). We also have a dog named Feta who loves people and is fun to be around. Zoey and Theo go to school during the day, so…
More details

Last visited 221 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 12-24 months

View Au Pair Job 3199344

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Au Pair Job 3199344

Andy N.
Work

…

Last login 221 days ago

Available Jun 22 – Jan 24

View Pet Sitter Job 3199131

Full-time, Live-in job

View Pet Sitter Job 3199131

Brian P.
Nanny and helper to help with 4 year old son

Great single dad, business owner, very busy and would like help…
Read more

Last logged in 222 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 3-24 months

View Au Pair Job 3198848

Job is full time or part time, live or live.

View job Au Pair 3198848

Anthony F.
Hiring a Personal Assistant Live

…

Last visited 224 days ago

Available from 22 June to 22 September

View Housekeeper Job 3198395

Full or part-time work, Live-in

View Housekeeper Job 3198395

Debbie P.
Caregiver able to help an elderly person with limited mobility

The caregiver must be able to care for an older person with limited mobility. Must be able to help the elderly get up and move to a wheelchair or bathroom. …
Details

Last visited 226 days ago

Available Feb 22 – Feb 23

View Superintendent Career Job 3198138

Work is full or part time, live or live.

View the work of the senior educator 3198138

Belina S.
lN NEED A CARE, FRIENDLY AND LOVING AUPAIR/NANNY

we are one friendly family with an 8 year old daughter….
Details

Last visited 227 days ago

Available Sept 22 – Oct 22 for 12-23 months

View Au Pair Job 31

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Au Pair Job 31

Caroline W.

Los Angeles family looking for Japanese speaking au pair

…

Last login 231 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 3-12 months

View Au Pair Job 1230655

Job is full or part time, real time or real time.

View job Au Pair 1230655

Gabriel B.
Au Pair jobs in Marina del Rey with Family Fun

…

Last login 232 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for -mo

View Au Pair job 25

Job available,

View job Au Pair 25

Jasprit K.
Hire a housekeeper!

We need someone to take care of our house. Clean up, organize and maintain. Some help with cooking would be great, but not required. …
More Info

Last Login 235 Days Ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Housekeeper Job 3183235

The job is full time or part time, live or live.

View Housekeeper Job 3183235

Reynold K.
Looking for a full time nanny

Hello! We are in our 30s, looking for a new nanny, moving to Cabo! We are very relaxed, easy to get along with and we love to have fun. We are looking for a reliable, experienced person who will love our daughter as much as we do….
More details

Last visited 236 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 1-48 months

View Nanny Job 31

Full time job, from life

View babysitting job 31

Hanane E.
A European family is looking for a full time nanny in BiH.

…

Last visited 239 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 12-18 months

View Babysitting Job 31

Full Time Job, From Life

View Babysitting Job 31

Sara H.
Looking for a Taiwanese nanny for my 3 month old baby.

…

Last logged in 239 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 2-24 months

View Nanny Job 31

Jobs are full or part time, live or live.

View babysitting job 31

Melissa J.
Part-time nanny/nanny and home help required

The ideal candidate should have a natural love and interest in children, be reliable and consistent, respect the directions and wishes of parents, take initiative and help at work. If you think you’ll be good fi…
Read more

Last logged in 239 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 1-6 months

View Nanny Job 3186624

Jobs are full or part time, live or live.

View babysitting job 3186624

Stephen b.
Assistance with care before and after school

…

Last visited 243 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 3-24 months

View babysitting job 2866074

Job is full time or part time, live or live.

View babysitting job 2866074

Melanie W.
Nanny and housekeeper

…

Last logged in 249 days ago

Available Sept 22 – Oct 22 for 1-7 months

View babysitting job 31

Full or part time job, living out

View babysitting job 31

Danica K.
Mandarin-speaking babysitter and music teacher

I am looking for a part time nanny who speaks Mandarin and English to help teach my children Mandarin and I am also looking for someone who also teaches music lessons. …
More details

Last visited 250 days ago

Available from September 22 to October 22

View babysitting job 31

Job is a part-time job, from life

View babysitting job 31

Dace D.
Seeking nursing care for a 96 year old woman

Looking for a guardian for my 96 year old aunt. Her mind is sane, her eyesight is close to blindness, and her mobility is limited to walking about 20 feet with a walker and guidance. Responsibilities include daily care, meals, etc.
More details

Last visited 251 days ago

Available from 22 September to 22 October

View Senior Caretaker Job 31

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Senior Caretaker Job 31

Ekta S.
Effective Housekeeper

We are looking for a very efficient, honest, punctual housekeeper. You will need to come 6 days a week (Monday to Saturday). Must be reliable and regular in work. Full time job offered. …

Last logged in 252 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Housekeeper Job 31

Job Full, Living or Live

View Housekeeper Job 31

John H.

Nanny needed in our beautiful home

…

Last login 255 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 1-3 months

View Babysitting Job 31

Job is part time, life or life

View babysitting job 31

Jasmine h.
Looking for a babysitter in Los Angeles

…

Last logged in 258 days ago

Available Sept 22 – Oct 22 for 4-12 months

View Nanny Job 3189433

Full or Partial Job, Living Out

View Nanny Job 31800433

Aaron F.
Moving to a new house in Eagle Rock

…

Last visited 259days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 6-48 months

View Au Pair Job 3189153

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Au Pair Job 3189153

Molly A.
I ask for help in caring for my beloved Bubbie …

We are looking for kind, honest, responsible and punctual part-time and possibly full-time caregivers who will take care of my aging Bubby in the same way that they would take care of their parents and/or grandparents. ..
Read more

Last logged in 259 days ago

Available from September 22 to October 22

View the work of the senior caregiver 3189130

Full or partial work, living out

View the work of the head caregiver 3189130

Michael J.
Folder, bill, mail, office organization; receiving a package

Same as above! …
More details

Last visited 262 days ago

Available from 22 Sep to 22 Oct

View Personal Assistant Job 3029114

The job is full or part time, live or live.

View Personal Assistant Job 3029114

Warren R.
Los Angeles Family Looking for Housekeeper/Nanny/Guardian

light and deep cleaning little care for the elderly some babysitter…
More details

Last visited 262 days ago

Available from 22 Sep to 22 Oct

View Housekeeper Job 3187102

Full-time job, living or living

View Housekeeper Job 3187102

George U.
Newborn Nanny Montessori

. ..

Last visited 265 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Sep 22 for 12-48 months

View Babysitting Job 3064535

Full Time Job, Life

View Babysitter Job 3060535

Tony W.
Long term nanny/nanny needed in Inglewood

They work at home. Parents need a nanny to look after their twins boy/girl (age 21 months). Responsibilities include early day care pick up, light snacks, naps, lunch, dinner, outdoor and indoor games…
More details

Last visited 265 days ago

Available from September 22 to October 22

View babysitting job 3188054

Full or partial job, living out

View babysitting job 3188054

Ali A.
house maid

…

Last visited 265 days ago

Available Dec 21 – Dec 22

View Housekeeper Job 3187299

Job full time, Live-in

View Housekeeper Job 3187299

Anna S.
Caring for a 95 year old couple

…

Last logged in 266 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Senior Caretaker 3187865

Job is full time or part time, live or real time.

View the work of the senior educator 3187865

Patricia M.
Bel Air Personal Assistant – Los Angeles

Personal assistant full time or part time at Bel Air. …
More details

Last logged in 267 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 2240078

Job is full or part time, real time or real time.

View Personal Assistant Job 2240078

Alan S.
Help and care for babies

…

Last logged in 267 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 3-12 months

View Au Pair Job 3102946

Job is full time or part time, live or live.

View job Au Pair 3102946

Mohamed a.
NEED HELP WITH TRAVEL, ADL, VEHICLE VAN N PLANNING

I am a strong person with a wheelchair, help with Europe and US Travel. Need help with ADL. Help exercise or range of motion, shopping, cooking light meals, housekeeping. NO Hard work in this job, Must be flexible, Mus…

Last visited 269 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View the work of the head caregiver 3067403

The work is full-time or part-time, real-time or real-time.

View the work of the head teacher 3067403

Jennifer M.
personal assistance

Internet, orders, inventory, deliveries Spanish and English speaking researcher…
More details

Last visited 273 days ago

Available from September 22 to October 22

View Personal Assistant Job 2

7

Job is a part-time job, from life

View Personal Assistant Job 2

7

David I.
personal assistant and housekeeper

multitasking, taking notes, showing initiative and self-motivation. Take notes, take your medications, and see your doctor if necessary. Answer emails and make appointments…
Details

Last visited 273 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 3186688

Job full, live or live

View Personal Assistant Job 3186688

Melissa J.
Part-time nanny/nanny and home help needed

I work as an anesthesiologist, resuscitator, forensic doctor, regenerative and age management doctor, general practitioner, my husband works from home, but we have golf lessons on special days. ..
Details

Last visited 274 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 2-8 months

View Nanny Job 3186566

Jobs are full or part time, live or live.

View babysitting job 3186566

Jonathan b.
Beverly Hills Family Seeking Full Time Maid – Dog Sitting

25 per hour 52k per year 40 hours per week September – June House meeting June – September Beverly Hills home owner looking for English/Swedish speakers who present well. The uniform is black sneakers or shoes. Black polo or button…
Read more

Last logged in 282 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Housekeeper Job 3168463

Job Full, Living or Living

View Housekeeper Job 3168463

Sameer O.
personal guardian

Light personal hygiene. Take medication. Assistance with dressing/walking. …
More details

Last visited 282 days ago

Available from September 22 to October 22

View the work of the head teacher 3184971

Jobs are full time or part time, live or live.

View the work of the senior educator 3184971

Melissa P.
Nanny part-time for a 6-month-old child

…

Last visited 284 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 6-47 months

View babysitting job 3184486

Job is a part-time job, from life0005

View babysitting job 3184486

Schuyler G.
LA position for a flexible, creative, healthy Au Pair

…

Last logged in 288 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 3-44 months

View Au Pair Job 20

Job is part-time, out of life

View Au Pair Job

05

Tanya T.
Family looking to live in / nanny

We are a family of five. We have three beautiful children aged four, two and seven months. My husband works full time, I was a stay at home mom who worked odd hours part time. …
Read more

Last login 293 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 12-12 months

View Au Pair Job 3182714

Full Time Job, Live-in

View Au Pair Job 31820714

Adam S.

Reliable, trustworthy, with attention to detail

My girlfriend and I just moved to Los Angeles and live in a modern 6,000 square foot home in WeHo. I am a film composer and she is a director. Soon we will build a music studio in the basement of the house. We have already hired a billiards…
Read more

Last logged in 300 days ago

Available Sept 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 3169229

Work is part time, life or life

View Personal Assistant Job 3169229

David W.
Housekeeper and caregiver

We have a big house in Santa Monica and we need a thorough cleaning and we would like to teach our son math and language….
Details

Last visited 302 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Housekeeper Job 2972071

The job is full time or part time, live or live.

View Housekeeper Job 2972071

Jennifer P.
Live in a housekeeper wanted for a family

General cleaning duties plus basic food preparation – special cleanliness must be observed when preparing food. Organized, good with small dogs. Help organize the kids. Must be very clean. Live at least Sunday night until Friday…
Read more

Last logged in 302 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Housekeeper Job 3180159

Job Full, Living or Living

View Housekeeper Job 3180159

Tamara G.
Se busca Cuidador after surgery

Busco quien cuide de Mujer de 43 años que acaba de ser operada y no tiene movilidad por lo mismo …
Details

Last visited 306 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View the work of the head caregiver 3178880

The job is part-time, from life

View the work of the head caregiver 3178880

Doctor K.
Travel executive needs a personal assistant

I’m looking for someone to keep up with ands, shop and pretty much everything else I need to do. The candidate should be someone who can not only make my work and personal life more comfortable and less stressful, but also be. ..
Read more

Last logged in 309 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 1261789

Full time, Live-in

View Personal Assistant Job 1261789

Michael P.
An educator is needed for an elderly woman; Orange County

Assistance with ADL including bathing, dressing, medication reminders, and preparing light meals/housework as needed. The client is an elderly woman, not an outpatient, with cognitive impairment….
Read more

Last logged in 311 days ago

Available Sept 22 – Oct 22

View Supervisor Job 2783000

Full-time Live-in Job

View Supervisor Job 2783000

Maria P.
Permanent nanny-housekeeper for a family of 2 children

Looking for a full time nanny/housekeeper. The children (7-year-old boy and 9-year-old girl) are in school full time, but we offer full time work (40 hours). From 11 am to 2 pm – cleaning, and from 11 pm – child care, since there will be no children . ..
Read more

Last logged in 313 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Housekeeper Job 3111451

Job Full, Living or Live

View Housekeeper Job 3111451

Seva P.
Looking for a personal assistant

I just want someone who works hard and has a great attitude! …
More details

Last logged in 313 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 3176326

Job is a part-time job, from life

View Personal Assistant Job 3176326

Jonathan L.
Looking for a Nanny, Live Out, Mon – Thu, Venice Beach

…

Last login 314 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 12-24 months

View babysitting job 3176080

Full or part time job, living out

View babysitter job 3176050

Romyakorn P.
Separate family. Easy girl and cute boy.

…

Last logged in 315 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22 for 3-6 months

View Au Pair Job 3175574

Job is full time or part time, live or live.

View job Au Pair 3175574

Edward de oc T.
Care

…

Last visited 316 days ago

Available Sep 22 – Oct 22

View Personal Assistant Job 3175245

The job is full or part time, live or live.

View Personal Assistant Job 3175245

1. How Burbank grew plants. Luther Burbank

1. How Burbank Grows Plants

The famous Dutch botanist De Vries called Burbank “a brilliant gardener.” He held Burbank in high esteem and apparently had no intention of offending him with such a name. De Vries wanted to emphasize two of Burbank’s features: a completely exceptional original, penetrating mind that goes its own way, and its almost complete theoretical helplessness, skill “from practice and talent”, but not armed with scientific knowledge. After all, a gardener is only a practitioner who does not understand and cannot explain what and how happens in the plants he cultivates. The gardener is usually opposed to the gardener who works with plants on a scientific basis. In life, both in Burbank’s time and in our day, very often a gardener-practitioner, who is fluent in all the methods of caring for plants, growing them, does not know the most elementary laws of life and development of a plant organism, and, on the other hand, is very it is not uncommon for a gardener who understands the most important manifestations of life and the demands of a plant, but who does not know how to properly pick up a garden knife. Even more rarely, a learned botanist is both a naturalist, broadly covering the phenomena of nature, and a gardener, who has all the applied gardening knowledge, and a good gardener at the same time. If, moreover, such a learned botanist, horticulturalist and gardener had a lively mind and talent, he would probably be able to carry out complex experiments on the restructuring of plants, since the connection between the vital phenomena of the plant organism and the ways to direct them in the desired direction would not escape him.

In fact, both the botanical naturalist and the scientific gardener, and even more so the practical gardener, most often remain one-sided in their specialty.

That is why initiation – the creation of new plants – as a profession that requires absolutely exceptional data, seemed impossible. To change plants, their features and properties, subtracting or adding arbitrary individual hereditary traits – this really requires extensive knowledge, and since the naturalist-botanist understands the extreme complexity of the process of plant development and the stability of its hereditary properties, an attempt to arbitrarily alter a plant for a long time and seemed not worthy of serious attention as long as the very mechanism and material basis of heredity remained almost completely unknown. The task of arbitrary rearrangement of a plant for a learned naturalist-botanist was extraordinarily complicated also because the practice of growing various plants and the methods of their culture for the most part seemed to him an area of ​​troublesome and unknown work. He knew how plants develop in the garden, but he did not know what special methods were needed for their cultivation based on this information.

This was, roughly, a vicious circle for a botanist who studied plants but was unable to change it. He did not have direct experience in cultivation, and theoretical scientific data did not indicate the ways and means of decisive intervention in the life of the plant. The gardener simply did not see any other perspective than to improve the already beaten paths of horticultural practice, and his “theory” did not go beyond the development of various, purely horticultural, “applied” issues of cultural methods of processing, growing, harvesting, storing, transporting crops, etc. The thought of a learned horticulturalist is usually loaded with a mass of all sorts of questions within the limits of the present state of plant-growing knowledge—originating rarely, only in exceptional cases, has attracted and absorbed the attention of professional horticulturalists. But even in this case, it could not go beyond amateurism – again because of the indicated difficulties and the lack of naturalistic, botanical knowledge.

And only a gardener digging day after day, dealing with plants, for whom there are no theoretically meaningful difficulties, and horticulture as a field of knowledge is not loaded in his understanding with countless questions and requests, could with a light heart assume the feasibility of changing hereditary properties of a cultivated plant, since daily practice pushed his restless thought in one direction: why not rebuild the plant, improve it? Everything great comes from the simple. The practical gardener, his active attitude towards the plant, creates the conviction that a radical alteration of the plant is possible.

It is clear that for hundreds and thousands of very knowledgeable gardeners, assumptions and thoughts did not necessarily become deeds, and those that began to act did not receive any results worthy of everyone’s attention. However, attempts at rearrangement of cultivated plants, as a rule, were started by practical gardeners, less often by gardeners, and even more rarely by natural botanists. Rich experience in growing horticultural and horticultural crops, multifaceted knowledge of the development of various plants, the ability to help them in difficult moments of their lives, the ability to recognize the individual “face” of an individual plant and improve it – only such knowledge could serve as the basis for further daring, not only growing plants, but also their fundamental restructuring. Burbank went through the difficult school of a practical gardener; even in his youth, he had the richest experience in growing various plants; ” obscures the paths of bold searches.

Luther Burbank (in the middle) growing rhubarb

We know that even in his youth Burbank “clumsily and clumsily”, as he himself said, made experiments with the breeding of new varieties of plants. On this path he was pushed by the practice of a gardener, and theoretically Burbank saw the prospect of transforming plants by re-reading Darwin; as a nursery and orchard owner and knowledgeable horticulturist, he was well versed in crop varieties and the varied demands of horticulture.

And the question of how Burbank became an innovator and achieved extraordinary results can be answered without hesitation: the first and main condition for his initiatory success was a remarkable ability to grow plants, extensive knowledge and rich experience as a gardener. It is clear that Burbank was first of all a truly brilliant gardener, and if De Vries, calling him a “genius gardener”, had in mind the limitations of this concept, then in reality he emphasized only one, albeit the main, feature of his creative personality.

We will not describe in detail the techniques, techniques and methods of Burbank. To do this, it would be necessary to describe all the work and achievements of this tireless man, which turned out to be unbearable even for those who tried to specially study the work of Burbank on the spot, in his gardens. We will consider only a few examples in order to clarify his cultivation methods and techniques as the basis of all Burbank’s achievements as a whole.

Carefully cultivating seedlings, Burbank first of all thought about their health, and therefore he so consistently applied to all the sick and those who showed a tendency to fungal and bacterial diseases the same drastic measure – pulling them out and destroying them. In order to avoid the spread of fungal diseases, young plants, before planting them in the ground, were sprinkled with sulfur, or the surface of the earth was covered with coal powder, coarse sand or small pebbles. As a result of very careful observation of the health of plants from the earliest time of their life, Burbank achieved that (something other gardeners were surprised) he never had to resort to spraying in orchards. Burbank waged an indefatigable war of extermination against pests of all kinds, insects, snails, and so on, and therefore the plants of his gardens flourished. Burbank had nothing new or known to others in this respect; he only established such care as an absolutely indispensable condition for working on a plant. Unfortunately, in practice, almost nowhere is such an elementary rule consistently applied in crop production.

Precisely because Burbank’s work was carried out only with healthy plants, he could subject them to all sorts of tests during the experiments without weakening their viability. And Burbank could monitor the health of the seedlings only because he was a very attentive practicing gardener himself, without entrusting this important matter to his numerous assistants.

While educating the chosen ones, Burbank surrounded them with such care that every plant – tree, shrub or tender grass – showed extraordinary, completely unexpected abilities of violent, lush development. And since Burbank brought up plants from all parts of the earth, from the most diverse climates, good care for them was often of decisive importance. And Burbank has never had any trouble raising aliens from the most remote countries. Thus, one of his greatest achievements – the breeding of the best plums for California – was ensured only due to the fact that he, with skillful care, grew the “plums from Satsuma” trees sent from Japan. And he not only raised them, but managed to influence them in such a way with especially caring care that he caused them an unusually magnificent development and even the appearance of some features that they had never found in their homeland. Although Burbank explained this by a long forced rest during the transfer of trees and a change in climate, the main reason was, of course, in the special care of them by Burbank, who put these trees on their feet, since he did not spare time and effort for their cultivation. And so with each new plant he liked. As soon as the seedlings rose, Burbank proceeded to select those single chosen ones with whom he was to continue the experiments.

One of Burbank’s main breeding techniques was selection – the selection of the most desirable, perfect specimens and seedlings at various stages of their development.

The essence of selection lies in the selection from very many, at first glance identical plants, those that actually have individual differences, or are clearly visible externally, such as size, color, size of flowers, shape of leaves, stems, etc. , or few noticeable, almost imperceptible, but decisively important for selection. Many of the differences for which selection is carried out are not at all noticeable: they can be judged only by other well-marked signs accompanying them. Most often, the breeder needs to select not one, but several traits at the same time, and sometimes the desired features cannot be precisely determined, and selection has to be made only on indirect traits, presumably related to others. So, at first glance, a very simple job – the choice of several plants with desirable characteristics from a variety of plants – turns out to be a highly complex matter in reality.

To understand what one has to deal with in selection, it is necessary to remember that in plants (as in all living beings), even in a mass of seeds taken from one fruit, not all of them are exactly the same. On close examination, many small features, even external ones, can be found in many; there are even more differences in the speed of development, internal structure, etc. Phenomena of variability are more pronounced if the parent plants differed from each other in a number of characters—for example, belonging to a variety or even two species. Then, in the first generation, there may not be sharp differences, but in the second, the diversity of the offspring is already revealed. If we recall Mendel’s rules, the heterogeneity of the first generation will become clear: certain paternal and maternal traits may prevail or remain hidden, and in the second generation, plants appear with traits in the ratio 1:2:1, which means – one quarter of those similar in hereditary properties to paternal plant, one quarter per maternal and half mixed characters, as in the first generation. In the presence of a large number of Mendelian characters, the pattern of inheritance becomes more complicated.

Burbank’s absolutely exceptional ability to identify from thousands of identical plants several, sometimes one, promising improvement in some important properties, often amazed horticultural experts who observed the methods of his selection. Particularly surprising were his work on the selection of the best seedlings of fruit trees. After all, fruit trees have varietal differences primarily only in the signs of the fruit, and then in other, additional ones. Burbank, from the very beginning of his work, established the habit of marking selected plants with a strip of white old canvas – a “tie”. The marked plant was kept intact for Burbank’s subsequent experiments, while all the others around were either immediately pulled out and destroyed, or Burbank marked a depression in the ground with the toe of his boot, which meant they had to be removed. Out of hundreds or thousands, only an insignificant part was left in this way. In working with a large number of plants in a large ridge and areas of a field with many thousands of plants, Burbank was assisted by two or three assistants, and he himself simply dropped “ties” on the best or suitable plants for his experiments, marked the unsuitable plants with the toe of a shoe, without stopping, moreover, minute. The assistants who walked behind tied the marked plants with “ties”, and those sentenced to destruction dug up and burned. One day, while Burbank was selecting forty specimens from thirty thousand plum seedlings, his friend Judge Leib, an amateur horticulturist, from San Francisco, arrived. Burbank continued to work, but Leib stopped him after a while. A conversation took place between them, set forth later by Burbank in his Harvest of Life. “Burbank,” said Leib, “I have the greatest confidence in you and would believe everything that you tell about your work, but I cannot admit that you are doing the right thing, pulling out all these beautiful seedlings and betraying them to destruction. It seems to me that this is the most outrageous extravagance.

“True,” Burbank replied, “it looks like I’m doing my own selection, but I’m not. Try to take five or six of these condemned trees with you and plant them in your garden. Then you yourself will later be convinced whether I am right or wrong.

Leib agreed. To facilitate the comparison, Burbank insisted that Leib take with him six seedlings that were deemed fit.

The trees were sent and planted in the garden of the gardening judge. Burbank visited Leib several times, examined the seedlings, and in the fifth year, when the trees blossomed and gave fruit, Leib reported to his friend the results of the experiment.

“Burbank,” he said, “if someone had told me five years ago that rebounding could be done almost at a run, I would have declared that person crazy. I have been breeding fruit for many years and I think I know a thing or two about horticulture and flower breeding, but what you have shown me is beyond anything I have ever heard!”

Leib declared that Burbank, and not he, was completely right: six trees convicted five years ago turned out to be unusable, and they had to be dug up and destroyed, while those selected by Burbank, on the contrary, gave excellent and abundant fruits and remained in Leib’s garden.

How can one explain such an amazing ability of Burbank to quickly and accurately recognize “by sight” and select from thousands of others the plant he needs, and even at an early age, when the future properties of the fruits of a tiny twig seedling cannot yet be foreseen even guesswork?

It is clear that each seedling, no matter how small, had a number of external, albeit difficult to distinguish, signs by which Burbank could quickly decide on its unsuitability or future good qualities. Since the thickness, shape of the twig, the size and location of the buds, the shape of the leaves, the color of the bark and other signs were striking, and Burbank knew about the connection of this or that external sign with the shape, size, taste and yield of future fruits, then a cursory glance for him could be enough to judge future properties, and fruit yields. It is quite possible that Burbank, like the unforgettable Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin, distinguished with his eye such small features that he could not describe in words, but easily found among thousands of others at first glance similar, like two drops of water, to the selected lucky person.

Indeed, studies by doctors who treated Burbank show that he had sharper eyesight than most people, could distinguish the finest nuances and shades of color that were not noticeable to others. The same applies to his hearing. He himself said that he could not listen to music without physical pain – even the most harmonious melodies affected him so strongly. The more perfect and receptive organs of Burbank’s senses were also refined by great skill and improved by constant work.

Undoubtedly, none of Burbank’s assistants, who perfectly mastered his methods and methods of selection, could in any way be compared with him in this art and skill. And Burbank was quite right when he ironically remarked that there is some difference between a person who builds a house according to a certain plan and one who drives nails into the walls! Indeed, Burbank’s great advantage over other plant breeders and gardeners-breeders, in addition to his natural gifts as an artist, was a deep understanding of the nature of the plant, knowledge of the features of its development, revealed and hidden possibilities and properties.

Thinking about the creation of some new plant, Burbank initially outlined its “ideal” – what it should be. Then, using the richest knowledge of the diverse wild and cultivated flora, he looked for the original, parental plants, chose the methods most applicable in this case, and fully armed set to work – with the materials and means necessary to create the new variety he had conceived. Restructuring and creating a new form for him was only a matter of time and money.

“We have plants and dogs…”

“We have plants and dogs…”
We have plants and dogs.
And there will be no children … That’s a pity.
Every passer-by will pity me,
And most of all, the doctor, dear Natalka.
I wipe the palm tree with a damp sponge,
By the stove lies a chocolate Dawn.
And there is no one to hide under a fluffy talma
And nothing about

Animals.

Birds. Insects. Plants

Animals. Birds. Insects. Plants
As a child, I didn’t really like animals. Maybe I was just afraid of them. I did not understand that not all animals bite or scratch at the first touch with their hand. I was afraid of cats and for a long time did not like them, because we had

at home

Medicinal plants and their use in cancer

Medicinal plants and their use in cancer
Many plants are credited with anti-cancer properties, but not all that glitters is gold. We are often sold supplements with many herbs that claim to eradicate cancer. Some of them not only do not help, but even increase

A. I. Molodchikov Luther Burbank

A. I. Molodchikov
Luther Burbank
A. I. MOLODCHIKOV634 M-75LUTER BURBANKSADOVODOV “Wonderworker”
STATE ANTI-RELIGIOUS PUBLISHING HOUSE MOSCOW * 1937 The book in a simple and accessible presentation illuminates the life, work, achievements and creative paths of the creator of new plants,

V.

BURNBANK BREEDER

V. BURBANK BREEDER
1. Peas on order
Burbank said of himself that he was “probably the first person who at one time received a specific order for the supply of a new type of plant or tree and completed this order with the same accuracy with which a construction company

1. Was Burbank a research scientist

1. Was Burbank a scientific researcher
Burbank, like his compatriot and friend, the famous Edison, like many other prominent people, like our Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin, was self-taught. He was self-taught, not only in the limited and philistine sense that not

IX. BURNBANK & MICHURIN

IX. Burbank and Michurin
Separated throughout their lives by oceans, cultures, languages ​​and all the differences of national and everyday life, never seen in person, but hardly knew in detail about each other’s work, two wonderful creators of new plants,

Luther Burbank | is.

.. What is Luther Burbank?

Luther Burbank (born Luther Burbank ; March 7, 1849 – April 11, 1926) was an American breeder, horticulturist, and Darwinian scientist. ^[1] In addition to creating many new varieties that are in demand by US agriculture (potato, apple, pear and other crops), Burbank developed unusual plants – in particular, thornless cactus and seedless plum. Burbank achieved significant success in working with plums, creating 113 varieties of this cultivated plant. ^{[1] [2]} This researcher opposed the anti-Darwinists during the “monkey trial” in the USA, and at the same time recognized the inheritance of acquired traits according to J.-B. Lamarck. ^[3] “Russet Burbank” potato variety and is currently considered one of the best for potato chip production.

Life story

Childhood and school years

Burbank’s birthplace, Lancaster, Massachusetts, USA, 1914 ed. ^[4]

Born 7 March 1849 ^{[1] [5]} in Lancaster, off the main road to Harvard, ^[5] near Boston (Massachusetts) in the family of a farmer and manufacturer, the thirteenth child of fifteen children. ^[3] Inherited from his father (Scottish) Samuel Walton Burbank a love of reading, and from an English mother (nee Olivia Ross ^[5] ) – aesthetic education, passion for growing flowers. ^[6] Burbank’s mother arranged a garden-park where garden and forest plants grew. As a lively and inquisitive boy, Burbank worked in the garden, on the farm, on the sugar plantation, collecting firewood in the forest for heating the house and for the pottery oven built by his grandfather. ^[7] Describing the landscape near Lancaster, Burbank mentioned powerful elms, meadows, hills and valleys, the Naishua River, and small, forested lakes of New England. ^[5]

From childhood memories, Burbank retained the impression of succulent plants growing in the snow, which he discovered while walking in the winter forest. Green club mosses, creeping reeds, succulent climbing plants and yellow marigolds received heat from a spring that made its way from the ground. Unlike their snow-sleeping brethren, they were not satisfied with seven months of summer, and delighted the eye with bright colors in the sunlight. ^[8]

Burbank’s father used the high-quality clay deposits on his farm to make pottery. Plants and factories that grew up in the neighborhood made brick production more profitable. For its firing, he bought up vast forest lands and hired many workers; he was well versed in the quality and price of standing timber. Burbank, with his brother Alfred at the age of 6-8, found it fascinating, along with other factory workers, to be an ox-driver and deliver bricks to Clinton, Lancaster, Harvard and other nearby cities. From the sawmills of Burbank, much material was supplied to the gunpowder and paper mills in the city. Burbank wrote: “And what a delight it was for me to deliver materials to the manufacturers of carpets, paper, fabrics, wire and see the amazing processes of turning raw materials into such useful and beautiful complex forms”! ^[5]

Representatives of the clergy, teachers, lecturers met in the Burbank house. During the brewing civil conflict in the United States, the statements of Darwin and Wallace caused intellectual and religious unrest. ^[5] Burbank’s circle of friends included Emerson ^[6] and Agassiz, geologist and author of The Eozoic Limestones of Eastern Massachusetts. ^[5]

Young Burbank’s outlook was influenced by his cousin Levi-Semmer (Levi Sumner ^[5] ) Burbank, lecturer at Paducai College. ^{[3] [9]}

Luther Burbank attended Lancaster Academy in Massachusetts where he received the equivalent of a high school education. ^[3] Every family in Lancaster was required to contribute to the maintenance of the Unitarian Church. Attendance at church on Sunday was compulsory and consisted of a morning service, Sunday school from 12 noon, and a second service in the afternoon. These services were perceived by Burbank as tiring, as was the six-day-a-week schooling. ^[5]

At the age of 9-10, he independently built a dam across the stream on the farm during October and November to make a skating rink. This was allowed under the pretext of increasing the cranberry crop. At Christmas, the skating rink was filled with comrades and classmates. Cranberries were harvested using a special type of rake with a long handle. In an hour, one person could pick several bushels of berries. ^[5]

Burbank as mechanic

From childhood, Burbank was keenly interested in mechanics, experimented with models of windmills, made a steam whistle from an old kettle. The miniature steam engine he made was sold for installation on a small boat. At Lancaster Academy, Burbank was interested in drawing and drafting. ^[5]

Burbank’s uncle, Luther Ross, was in charge of the woodworking department of a large joint stock company that had factories in Worcester, Grouton, and Chicopia, Massachusetts. After leaving school, he began working at a factory in Worcester, where he proved himself as an inventor. Lacking funds (the 50 cents a day for turning plow parts was entirely spent on maintenance), he increased the productivity of the lathe, earning $ 16 a day. Turning timber materials, however, raised dust, which affected his health. Possessing a rather weak physique and health, he also suffered from overheating after leaving the factory, running 3 miles on a very hot day to inform the authorities of the Boston and Main Ames Railroad that sparks from their engines caused a fire in his father’s forest . This incident led him to the idea of ​​choosing medicine as his profession, and over the next year he continued his studies, intending to become a doctor. Subsequently, he considered the knowledge of the physiology of living organisms useful for his activities as a breeder. However, after his father’s death, the family moved to Grouton, Massachusetts, where his innate aptitude for gardening manifested itself. ^[5]

Work in Luneburg

Near Lancaster, in the village of Lunenburg, Burbank bought 17 acres of good land, along with a house, and began to grow vegetables and seeds for the market. In doing so, he faced competition from more experienced gardeners. ^{[5] [10]}

In his book “The Harvest of Life” he subsequently wrote:

“When I started working, I had no special equipment – a piece of garden soil and nothing more. I didn’t own a microscope or Gray botany ^[11] All I had was a hoe and a pair of pants. I did not receive any systematic scientific education, I had only an insatiable thirst for knowledge … “

Burbank claimed that his vegetables “were of exceptionally high quality.” He made observations and experiments on various forest and cultivated plants, including, in particular, corn and various types of beans, found a way to grow early sweet corn in accordance with market demands. ^[5]

At this time, in 1872-1874, he was actively engaged in potato breeding, which led to the creation of the famous Burbank variety. However, Burbank felt that the planned experiments could not give full effect in the climatic conditions of New England, and decided to move to a warmer climate. He sold the rights to his strain for $150 and spent the money on a trip to Santa Rosa, California in 1875. ^[5]

Work in Santa Rosa (California)

California Gold Rush, 1850s

In 1864, two of Burbank’s older brothers left for California, where gold placers were discovered (see California Gold Rush). They reported various details about this region in their letters. From reports on the climate of the Pacific coast region of the United States, it became clear to him that this area was most suitable for carrying out the planned experiments. Burbank’s two older brothers lived in California, in Tomales, but he did not go there, because this area was near the ocean, and the climatic conditions, as he believed, were not suitable for experiments. ^[5]

By receiving written advice, and from time to time reading books and articles about California that he could get hold of, Burbank got an idea of ​​the various areas. When choosing a place for his experiments, he hesitated between the localities of San José and Santa Rosa, and finally settled on Santa Rosa, although the larger city of San José, located in the center of a large fruit-growing region, according to some of his biographers, could give the best starting conditions. ^[5]

The reason that pushed Burbank to leave, as he later recalled, was a quarrel with the woman he loved. Despite this, they remained friends over the years. ^[9] In 1875, at the age of 26, Luther Burbank took ten new varieties of potatoes in his suitcase and set off for the West. ^[9]

At this time, Santa Rosa was a small village with no sidewalks and no orchards, with wheat fields in a county where it was difficult for Burbank to find work and secure a livelihood. In the fall of 1876, Burbank began work at Pepper’s Nursery in Petaluma, one of the first nurseries in California, established in 1852. There he worked throughout the winter and spring, occupying a room above the greenhouse at night and working in the moist soil during the day. Sick with a fever, he returned to Santa Rosa seriously ill. He wrote: “My neighbor, seeing me in such a difficult situation, delivered fresh milk to me, not hoping that I would ever be able to pay him off.” ^[5] Being married as a poor old woman and having a clearly defined goal, he gradually improved his well-being. ^[6]

Nevertheless, describing the nature of California, he did not leave enthusiasm and delight before the wonders of the new land. In one of the letters to his mother and sister of that period, he wrote: ^[5]

“Santa Rosa is located in an amazingly fertile valley, about 100 square meters in size. miles. Based on what I have seen, I firmly believe that in terms of nature this is the best place on earth. The climate is wonderful. The air is such that you simply get pleasure by inhaling it. Sunlight is so pure and soft. The mountains surrounding the valley are beautiful. The valley is covered with majestic oaks, which are so beautifully placed that human hands could not achieve such perfection. I cannot describe it. I’m just ready to cry with joy when I look at the beautiful valley from the hills. California gardens are full of tropical plants: palms, figs, oranges, grapes, etc. Huge rose trees up to 30 feet high, covered with buds and flowers of all shades, collected in racemes from 20 to 60, like bunches of grapes (how I would like to pour bushels of these flowers in your apron!), rise, curl over the houses. English ivy wraps around large trees – and everywhere, everywhere flowers.

Arriving in California in October 1875, it was not until the autumn of the next year that he was able to begin his planned work for the first time. During the day, Burbank worked for a carpenter, and he could devote long summer evenings, after a day’s work with a hammer, to organizing a small nursery, and caring for his seedlings. According to him, thanks to his carpentry work, he managed to achieve general respect, and this provided him with a steady income. ^[5]

Ten imported tubers of a new variety of potatoes were planted in the brother’s plot (the brothers provided him with friendly assistance), and by the end of the second season there was a supply of tubers of a new variety both for seeds and for sale. Selling the potatoes helped make money, but despite the higher yield, size, and smoothness of the tubers, it took time for buyers to prefer the variety over the familiar red varieties. But over time, the Burbank potato took the lead on the Pacific coast. ^[5]

First major order

Almond tree

Burbank’s first major order was to plant 20,000 plum trees for 9 months in 1881 (his fourth year at the nursery) to plant a new plantation. This order was given by Warren Dutton, a wealthy merchant and banker from Petaluma, who decided to take on plum culture on a large scale, as soon as possible. In March 1881, a customer came to Burbank and asked if he could supply him with 20,000 trees to start a garden that fall. After thinking for a few minutes, Burbank considered this unusual proposal to be realistic, taking almond seedlings as rootstock and budding them in June. Dutton agreed to finance the experiment and pay the necessary labor costs and the purchase of almond seeds for sowing. In addition to the two acres in the nursery, Burbank leased an additional five acres of land. ^[5]

Burbank was familiar with the property of almonds, unlike all other stone fruits, “to sprout as quickly as corn. ” He set about sprouting twenty thousand almonds. The seeds were laid out on well-drained coarse sand and covered with matting, on which another 2.5 cm of sand was poured on top – this made it possible to view the seeds by lifting the matting.

After about 14 days, the seeds began to germinate, after which they were planted in the nursery. Almond seedlings were planted in rows at a distance of about 10 cm from each other with a row spacing of about 1.2 m. At the end of June, in July and August, large teams of budding specialists carried out budding (eye grafting) of French plum on almond rootstocks. After about 10 days, when the eyes had taken root, the tops of the almond rootstock, in order to slow down their growth and stimulate the growth of the eyes, were broken at a height of about 20 cm from the ground. After the plum shoots reached 30 cm in height, the top of the rootstock was finally cut off. By December 1 around 19500 trees were ready for planting, the rest were ready for the next year. The orchard was laid out on an area of ​​200 acres in one season. ^[5] Burbank recalled: “A delighted customer called me a magician and paid the bill with great pleasure.” ^[9]

Burbank Fruit Nursery

Burbank sold his seedlings without traveling salesmen, who would increase the risk of selling untested plants, and farmers from 100 miles or more began to flock to him for seedlings. The number of customers increased so much that sometimes large queues were created. ^[5]

Subsequently, Burbank acquired a damp area in Santa Rosa, which was the bottom of a pond, which required drainage. He installed a drainage pipe system at a depth of 120 cm, which diverted rainwater to a nearby stream, and in a dry one, on the contrary, moistened the soil. ^[9] In addition, it was necessary to fertilize the heavy clay soil by plowing into it with the help of a team of workers 1800 carts of manure, since it was cheap and nearby. ^[5]

Wishing to improve the level of industrial horticulture in his nursery, and discussing the possibility of accelerated breeding of quality varieties, he wrote: ^[9]

“Nature has at its disposal a wide variety of ways to solve the problem of creating a new form of a plant of any complexity, without fear of failure and without being limited by deadlines. Man, with his intelligence, applying the system by which nature operates, can and must find his own methods of quickly creating new plants. He cannot put up with millions of failures and wait for the success of creating a new form of the millennium.

Luther Burbank Gardens, Santa Rosa, California, USA

Burbank traveled to the surrounding areas to fulfill orders from Eastern and foreign firms for seeds and bulbs of California native plants. In 1880-1881. he visited the region of geysers, which turned out to be rich in new plant forms.

90,004 Around 1884 Burbank’s Nursery took a firm place among the enterprises of this type, giving an income of 10,000 or more dollars a year. ^[5]

The first batch of Japanese seeds and seedlings arrived at Burbank on November 5, 1884. In preparation for its arrival, he had acquired the Dimmick site and, a few months earlier, had prepared experimental plots for the cultivation of representatives of exotic fruit species. The next year, Burbank was able to purchase a farm in Sevastopol (Sebastopol), on the Russian River (Russian River), 7 miles from Santa Rosa, where conditions were more favorable for growing certain types of plants. The second shipment from Japan, which included a plum, arrived on December 20, 1885. An 18-acre experimental plot in Sebastopol, where it was supposed to be planted and cultivated, he acquired eight days later. ^[5]

The name of Burbank, as well as his farms in Santa Rosa and Sebastopol, gradually became famous not only in the USA, but even overseas. His methods of breeding new varieties, however, were rejected by a number of contemporary scientists who doubted their validity. One of the preachers from the pulpit argued that “he goes against the will of God. If such new forms were needed, the Creator himself would take care of their creation.” ^[6]

C1893 years Burbank ceased trading operations and focused on plant breeding. ^[6]

Burbank corresponded with renowned European and Australian growers and firms, exchanging wild California plants and useful information with them. In his book “The Harvest of Life” he subsequently wrote: ^[9]

“This work gave me a lot of joy and, moreover, gave me money. Few people know, but it is a fact that California wild flowers and shrubs in England and other European countries have become favorite garden plants.

Burbank also corresponded with ordinary people who read newspaper notes and advertisements. They sent parcels with seeds and tubers from various parts of the globe to the famous gardener. ^[9]

Influence of Darwin’s work

Charles Darwin, 1869

The young Burbank was greatly impressed by Charles Darwin’s 1868 work The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication.2896). ^[12] Burbank recalled:

“This book opened up a new world for me – it’s hard to imagine what a meaning this book had for me!”

Another of Darwin’s works, which appeared in 1877, The Effects of Cross- and Self-Fertilization in the Vegetable Kingdom (eng. Charles Darwin “The Effects of Cross- and Self-Fertilization in the Vegetable Kingdom” ), also fell into the hands of Burbank and struck him with the following remark: “As plants have so many different and fruitful methods of fertilization by crossing, one could only conclude from this fact that they derive great benefit from this, and the task of this work is to show the character and the value of the advantages thus obtained”. ^[9]

On the teachings of Darwin, he subsequently spoke as follows:

“My adherence throughout my life to the teachings of Charles Darwin was not blind faith in his authority; some of his theories I even took, owing to my little experience, at first into doubt. But over time, I had more and more cases to practically test his theories in the garden and in the field, and the older I got, the more I became convinced that he was a real teacher, and all others were only students, like myself.

Upon learning of the anti-Darwinian trial of the teacher Skops (see Monkey Trial), Burbank raised his voice in defense of Darwin’s teachings and declared that he had followed Darwinism all his life. He believed that the varieties he bred owe their appearance to Charles Darwin. ^[9]

Public and scientific recognition

Cover of New Creations in Fruits and Flowers, 1893.

Official information about the ongoing work appeared in the published in June 1893 of the brochure “Creating New Fruits and Flowers”, where a list of new plants was given on 50 pages. This publication aroused general interest, but a number of botanists and growers, with the exception of those who personally visited the sites of Burbank, openly expressed disbelief. Over time, the experimental work was scrutinized by numerous visitors, including prominent pomologists, gardeners and botanists around the world, skepticism disappeared, and notes appeared in magazines and books that noted and highly appreciated the new work. Professor De Vries, who visited the experimental sites at Burbank, said that the referenced catalog 1893 gave the author “world fame and introduced him to almost all the largest horticultural firms on earth. ” ^[5]

Burbank received the support of the Carnegie Institution in 1905, having previously carried out experiments at his own expense. The Institute has offered assistance of $100,000 ($10,000 per year), mainly to organize the complex “pedigree” recording of the varieties it develops, so that the many thousands of forms it develops can be documented. ^[6]

The seconded young scientists (Hall et al.), however, found themselves in a difficult position: Burbank’s work was voluminous, required extensive explanations, and had no documented accurate records. The drafts were understandable only to Burbank himself. Scientists were forced to abandon this task. ^[9]

In 1914-1915 A 12-volume description of 1,250 of Burbank’s most outstanding new plants was published in the United States. ^[4] Being provided with color photographs of fruits, flowers, etc., it was vividly and captivatingly written, but partly devoid of the scientific and documentary character of presentation. ^[9]

An attempt to give university lectures at Stanford University did not satisfy Burbank, who was completely absorbed in experiments on plants. ^[9]

Burbank’s significant contribution to breeding was recognized by a special resolution of the United States Congress. ^[9]

Representatives of the “White House” in Washington maintained friendly relations with Burbank. The Federal Ministry of Agriculture used the services of Burbank as an adviser on crop production. Burbank was the ideological founder of the Washington Bureau of Plant Industry, which was engaged in the reorganization of the cultural flora of the United States. ^[9]

One of several hundred medals received by Burbank during 30 years of work, for the publication of works in 1915 (vol. XII) ^[4]

Publications in the press, honorary elections to scientific societies, awards, diplomas have multiplied every year throughout his more than half a century of career. At the same time, Burbank complained about the lack of funds for expanding his experiments and the impossibility of patenting his samples of plant forms under the legislation of that time. ^[9]

According to TSB, Burbank received no financial support from the US government and was in constant need of funds. “Burbank’s work in America has not received due development, many of the varieties he bred are lost or forgotten.” ^[1]

However, in 1986, Burbank’s outstanding achievements were officially recognized by an organization that pays tribute to the contribution of the most prominent inventors of human society – the National Inventors Hall of Fame.

Among Burbank’s neighbors who frequented Santa Rosa was writer Jack London, who lived nearby in the Sonoma Valley. Burbank had many friends and well-wishers, including Thomas Edison and other famous Americans. Being simple and sociable in nature, he faced an abundance of visitors who overwhelmed him, and was forced to limit his friendly contacts for the sake of experiments with plants. ^[9]

Working methods

Relationship between leaf shape and quality and fruit quality. According to the 1914 edition ^[4]

Burbank used methods of intervarietal, interspecific and intergeneric hybridization, as well as seeds obtained from free pollination. ^[1] His work was distinguished by the mass selection of seedlings after their crossing, grafting seedlings into the crown of trees in order to accelerate their fruiting, as well as selection by indirect signs, such as the shape and quality of the leaf.

Remote hybridization

The main breeding method used by Burbank was the selection after distant crossing of plants often belonging not only to different species, but also to different genera. This increased the diversity of traits in the offspring. This selection method was common to Burbank and the Russian breeder I. V. Michurin. Both breeders were characterized by a wide variety of crops, varieties and wild plant species involved in the experimental work. Burbank wrote: ^[5]

“The simplest method of plant improvement work is to select the best seedlings from free pollination. An extension of this method requires intraspecific cross fertilization followed by selection. An even more daring method, which requires much more time for selection, can be used, namely, the hybridization of different species. Finally, the method can be structured in such a way that several different species are involved in hybridization to develop a new variety. ^[5]

Mass selection

A feature of Burbank’s work is the large number of crosses and a significant number of hybrids grown. In particular, Burbank had about 500 thousand chamomile seedlings, and 7 million plums. With such volumes, strict rejection was carried out. Burbank claimed to have burnt 65,000 blackberry hybrids on a single fire and left only a few of the best. On the experimental plantation of Burbank, at least 3 thousand different series of experiments were carried out simultaneously – often the number of seedlings in one population reached 1 million. For theorists in the field of plant heredity, such an approach to hybrid progeny would give incomplete data, since several individuals were selected, closest to the intended ideal, and the rest were ruthlessly destroyed. According to Burbank, this duplicated the method of nature itself, with the difference that it was not the ability to survive in natural conditions that was meant, but the needs and tastes of man. ^[5]

IV Michurin criticized mass sowing with subsequent selection in the conditions of the Russian climate, considering this method of “treasure hunting” suitable only for the favorable climate of California and other similar areas. He argued: “In our country, especially in the northern and middle zones of the USSR, under our harsh climatic conditions with a relatively short growing season, this method will not go far.” ^[13]

Sheet shape and quality control

Burbank pointed out the relationship between leaf shape and fruit quality in plant breeding: regular and well-formed leaves are an indirect sign of good fruit, and vice versa. This feature allowed Burbank to carry out mass selection of seedlings of fruit plants, without waiting for the moment when they begin to bear fruit. ^[4]

Grafting of seedlings into the crown of a mature tree

Burbank recommended the grafting of fruit-bearing trees with hybrid cuttings in order to obtain the first fruits in breeding work more quickly. For example, when Burbank received the seedless plum, the seedlings obtained from crossing the seedless blackthorn with the French Hungarian were grafted and fruited, after which all the grafts, with the exception of the few most promising ones, were removed from the trees, and the experiment continued with only one selected. ^[5] IV Michurin warned against the thoughtless application of this method, and pointed out the strong and often not always favorable effect of the rootstock on the hybrid seedlings of fruit plants. ^[14]

Burbank Breeding Achievements

Plumcot – a hybrid of apricot and plum, according to the edition of 1914 ^[4]

Burbank spineless raspberry, 1914 edition ^[4]

According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, Luther Burbank bred over 800 new varieties and varieties of plants, ^[2] including 113 plum varieties, 20 of which were of commercial value, 10 commercial berry crop varieties, and more than 50 lily varieties. ^[2]

Walter L. Howard, pomologist at the University of California (Berkeley), analyzed varieties bred by Burbank for 10 years ^[15] In 2006, William Stansfield in an article dedicated to L. Burbank (published in the ) ^[16] with reference to the article of this researcher ^[17] claimed that Burbank bred over 200 varieties of fruit plants alone, including the following:

In addition to potatoes and horticultural crops, in this bulletin Walter Howard ^{[17] [18]} referred to other varieties bred by Burbank:

In general, experts estimate that the number of varieties bred by Burbank for American horticulture and agriculture is between 800 and 1000. ^[16]

Unusual hybrids bred by Burbank

According to the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Burbank bred the following plant varieties:

• Vegetables, including:
  • onions with sweet bulbs weighing more than 1 kg ^[1]
• Fruit plants:
  • pitted plum ^[1]
  • plumcot (hybrid of apricot and plum) ^[1]
  • cactus without thorns. This cactus gave fruits with high palatability, as well as valuable feed for livestock ^[1]
  • dwarf chestnut that bears edible fruits in the 2nd year of life ^[1]
  • thin shell walnut ^[1]
  • quince with pineapple flavor ^[1]
  • white blackberry ^[1]
  • thornless blackberry ^[1]
  • berry “ezhemalin” (a hybrid of blackberry and raspberry). ^[6]
• Ornamental plants – 91 varieties (cultivar), including:
  • scented dahlia ^[1]
  • poppy blue ^[1]
  • amaryllis with flowers up to 30 cm in diameter. ^[1]
  • magnolia-scented dahlias. ^[6]
  • lilies with two petals. ^[6]

Burbank Potato

Potato berries

Burbank believed that the development of this potato variety was his first important achievement in breeding, and it was to remain the most important. However, success in this case was not due to complex hybridization, nor to the careful laborious selections that Burbank resorted to later.

This happened in 1872, thanks to an accidental discovery of a seed berry on a bush of potatoes of the “Early rose” variety. This variety of potato does not produce fruit, and the seed berry was an exception to the rule. Young Burbank set out to find out what would happen if these seeds were sown. Observing the ripening of the berry, one day Burbank was horrified to discover its loss, but after a thorough search for many days, he found it at a distance of several feet – this, according to him, could be done by curious birds or a dog that accidentally ran across the potato ridge. He took every precaution to ensure that the seeds were securely stored through the winter. Burbank extracted the seeds from the berry and found that there were 23 of them. With the onset of spring in 1873, he sowed the seeds in open ground (he later considered that it would be safer from the point of view of protection from animals or insects to sow valuable seeds in boxes) , and from each seed received sprouts, tender cotyledons that grew into a lush bush. None of these bushes produced seed berries, but tubers of very different types formed under each of them. Having selected from them the best tubers of white color and especially good quality, he proceeded to their reproduction.

Burbank reported the new variety first to one of the entrepreneurs (who rejected it) and then to James Gregory, a resident of Marblehead, Massachusetts, to whom he sent samples of the new potatoes. Gregory tested the potatoes and was pleased with the results, and invited Burbank for a personal meeting. Gregory, according to Burbank, kept an interesting garden and a good seed farm. Burbank persuaded his friend H. Brown to accompany him on a trip to this gardener. Burbank retained the most pleasant and vivid memories of the day spent in the gardens of Gregory, and of the hospitality that the owner of the garden and his family showed him. The variety was sold to Gregory for $150, although Burbank originally asked for $500. Burbank, by agreement with Gregory, was left with 10 tubers of the new variety, which he introduced in California. The name “Burbank’s Seedling” was given to the potato by the buyer. Gregory subsequently argued in his letter that “he who has bred such a variety deserves that this variety bears his name.”

Burbank potato tuber, 1914 edition ^[4]

After Burbank personally introduced this variety to California, the prejudice against white-tubered potatoes was overcome and Burbank became the standard variety along the coast from Alaska to Mexico. The US Department of Agriculture assisted in the distribution of the Burbank variety, sending it to various states, among which was Oregon, where this variety soon became very popular. The Burbank variety performed best in dry, sandy soil and in cool-temperate, humid climates, particularly in the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys. Individual farms at the time were planting 40 to 400 hectares each with Burbank potatoes. In the Salinas, California area, the conditions were the most favorable for this potato variety. Per season 19In 06, more than 6 million bushels of Burbank potatoes were produced on the Pacific coast of the United States, and the harvest was relatively stable over the previous 15-20 years. ^[5]

Specialists of the Department of Agriculture in Washington at the beginning of the 20th century calculated the sales of this variety, it amounted to 17 million dollars. ^{[5] [9]}

Burbank’s variety of potato was disease resistant and was exported to combat potato epidemics and crop failures in Ireland. ^[3]

The Burbank potato variety was later selected and the reddish-brown skinned variety was named the Russet Burbank potato. Today, this variety is widely cultivated and enjoys considerable popularity in the United States. In particular, in McDonald’s restaurants, french fries are made from Russet Burbank. ^{[19] [20]} The Russet Burbank potato variety has dominated the Pacific Northwest and Idaho to this day. ^{[21] [22] [23]}

Plum varieties bred by Burbank

“Satsuma Blood Red Plum” (upper left), cultivar Burbank (upper right) and various varieties of hybrids in between. The image in the center shows the variability in fruit shape when crossed between two races of plums. According to the 1914 edition ^[4]

Burbank’s greatest success was with plums, producing 113 plum varieties, according to Encyclopedia Britannica and other authorities, of which 20 were of commercial value, especially in California and South Africa. ^{[1] [2] [3] [24] [25]}

Burbank began experimenting with plums in the 1880s. At that time, only three varieties were bred in California, one of which Burbank considered unsuitable even for experiments, and the other two produced fruits that did not tolerate transportation. ^[9]

While leafing through books in the San Francisco Commercial Library, Burbank stumbled upon a story by an American sailor; his attention was drawn to the mention of a plum with red pulp of exceptional quality, which he saw and ate in the province of Satsuma in southern Japan. Starting to issue seeds of plants and bulbs from Japan, Burbank asked Isaac Banting, an Englishman, a bulb dealer in Yokohama, who was fulfilling his orders, to get the indicated plum. Banting complied with this order, however, the first batch of young trees sent by him arrived at Burbank on November 5, 1884, in such a state that he despaired of doing anything with them. He immediately sent an order for a new batch and gave precise instructions for packaging. A little over a year later, on December 20, 1885, twelve seedlings arrived. A few days after the seedlings arrived, Burbank purchased the Gold Ridge Farm at Sebastopol, eight miles from his Santa Rosa property, and here the young cuttings were grafted onto old trees to hasten their fruiting. One of the plants produced fruit the next summer, the rest within one or two subsequent seasons. ^[5]

Japanese plums were distinguished by the variability of their characteristics, since it was customary in Japan to grow them from seeds, and not by grafting, as was customary in America and Europe. Each of the twelve seedlings obtained produced fruit with various interesting characteristics, and two of these produced fruit of what Burbank considered to be of quite exceptional quality. These two trees served as the basis for the creation of two new varieties. Professor H. E. van Dieman, United States Department of Agriculture Pomologist, became interested in the new plum variety and recommended its immediate introduction. He suggested giving it the name Burbank, which was done in 1889. ^[5]

Burbank crossed Japanese plums both among themselves and with other varieties of plums that he received from different parts of the world. Over the course of 15 years, Burbank collected a worldwide collection of plums, which served as the basis for his breeding work. When crossing, Burbank tested and carefully selected hybrids according to many criteria at once. In The Harvest of Life he wrote: ^[26]

“Will the tree yield a good harvest? Are the fruits spread well on the branches? Does the green fruit hang well, does it resist the wind and the shaking of the tree? What resistance does it offer to disease and decay? These are just a few of the many questions that I have to ask, and which the fetus must answer well, otherwise it will fail the test. … Question after question, trial after trial, experience after experience – acceptance, conditional consent, doubt, refusal – the fruit must satisfy not one or two, but a whole dozen, fifty, a hundred requirements; if not, he is out of the competition. And you should not think that this is a job for two or three years. I have been working on a nectarine for twelve years now, which I hope will only this year be large enough for me to release it into the public.

Over the course of 25,000 trials, Burbank developed about 60 high-quality varieties, of which 12 proved to be outstanding, and raised the culture of plums in America and in the world. At the same time, Burbank bred 13 varieties from European plums, 14 from American plums, and 38 from Asian plums – Japanese and Chinese. ^[9]

Burbank’s best plum varieties: ^[1]

• Santa Rosa
• Wixon
• Burbank
• America
• Beauty
• Sugar prunes
• Climax
• Duart
• Shiro

Many of the plum varieties bred by Burbuck are bred, in addition to the USA, also in Argentina, South and North Africa, New Zealand and Australia. ^[1]

In the USSR, and then in Russia and other post-Soviet countries, plum varieties can be found, the pedigree of which is closely related to Burbank varieties. For example, the variety of cherry plum Dessertnaya is known, bred in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden – Burbank plum × Taurian cherry plum (author K.F. Kostina).

Seedless plum

Burbank Seedless Plum. According to the edition of 1914 ^[4] On the section of the fetus, a noticeably enlarged nucleus without a hard shell.

Pitted plum Burbank received from a French plum sent to him by one of his correspondents, which was considered unsuitable because of small, inedible and sour berries, but its stone was underdeveloped. Through a long series of crosses with cultivars, he obtained varieties of plum, the fruits of which were both large and almost pitted. ^[9]

Burbank wrote:

I have been approached more often about the seedless plum than about other plants I have bred. Everyone was always interested in the fact that a plum, which does not differ in appearance from any other, is seedless. Even visitors to whom this was not a surprise, after biting into a plum fruit, could not help but be surprised when their teeth bit through the plum as easily as a strawberry fruit. ^[5]

Burbank used as his starting material the so-called seedless plum, which grew in France and was known there under the name “Seedless” (Sans Noyau). About 1890, he received cuttings of this plum from the nursery of the Transom brothers in France. The cuttings were grafted onto one of the plum trees and after a while produced a bluish-black fruit that was juicy and very sour in taste, about the size of a cranberry. The original plant looked like a sprawling thorny shrub, and had no value, except for the rare property of seedless (it did not appear on all fruits). The flowers of this “ugly” plum were fertilized with the pollen of the French Hungarian and the pollen of numerous other plums and Hungarians, and the resulting seedlings were grafted to accelerate fruiting. ^[5]

In 1904, from a large batch of seedlings, Burbank received two that seemed to him to have the required properties. He tried to determine the qualities of the future tree by the qualities of the leaf and stem long before the tree entered fruiting, and his assumptions were justified: a large-fruited plum was obtained almost completely pitted: in some fruits, very thin remnants of them were accidentally found, in the form of a small crescent or speck with one side of the core. At the same time, the fruits were large, had a good taste and were not inferior in quality to the French Hungarian. In addition, as is often the case with hybrids, when one parent form is a wild plant, the new plum was very productive. Burbank believed that in addition to the higher commercial value, the seedless plum does not spend significant resources on building a stone, and in stoneless plums, they can be directed to increasing yields. ^[5]

Since the seeds of stoneless plums were not protected by a shell from external influences (mold, fungi, insects, etc.), Burbank had to use special storage conditions for the seeds of such plums: he made attempts to store them in a glacier, in sterilized sawdust, in charcoal powder and in sand. The seeds contained in the glacier sprouted immediately and all sprouted within a week, while the seeds from other batches collected from the same trees did not germinate for about six weeks. However, seedlings from seeds preserved in the glacier were characterized by weaker growth. Subsequently, Burbank used the sterilization of such seeds in a weak solution of Bordeaux liquid (copper sulfate and lime water) and stored them in wet sawdust that had been boiled. One of Burbank’s seedless plums had only a jelly-like substance instead of a seed. Plums with this anomaly cannot be propagated by seeds. ^[5]

Cactus without thorns

Burbank Spineless Cactus, Opuntia Burbankii

In The Harvest of Life, Burbank wrote:

“The most painstaking, costly, and most tedious experiments I have ever undertaken have been done on a cactus. I got myself more than six hundred different varieties of cactus, which I planted and observed. In total, I spent more than sixteen years on this work … My skin was like a pillow for needles, there were so many thorns sticking out of it … Sometimes I had so many of them on my hands and face that I had to cut them off with a razor or scrape them off with sandpaper … ^[27]

Among the initial forms of cactus collected by Burbank were fleshy cacti with powerful spines, and small inedible cacti without spines from rock crevices, as well as quite suitable for consumption, but slowly growing and not suitable for economic cultivation. Burbank made it his goal to combine beneficial traits in new varieties of cacti. ^[9]

When breeding new varieties of cactus, a low tendency of these plants to variability of their main features and properties was noted. ^[9] In addition, the spines themselves were a stable trait that was difficult to select. Burbank wrote:

I had to deal with a deep-rooted feature of the cactus, almost as ancient as the plant itself, because it had to be covered with this protective shell from the very beginning, so as not to fall prey to food-seeking animals. My work progressed only slowly, and I suffered many defeats … Finally, I managed to breed a cactus without thorns. As long as the plant is produced by cuttings, the characteristics of the resulting species are preserved, but even this variety has “relapses” when the plant is brought out of seed; this plant cannot be relied upon. It may take hundreds of generations until the cactus no longer thinks of thorns in the formation of seeds.

Gradual transformation of an “armed” cactus into a thorny one, in the process of selection, according to the 1914 edition, volume I. ^[4]

Cactus cultivars from the genus Opuntia ( Opuntia ) bred by Burbank had a smooth surface of edible plates and could be eaten by rabbits or goats as a forage plant, unlike wild relatives of these cacti. In addition to “dice” (modified stems), Burbank selected varieties of cacti according to the type and quality of their fruits. The flesh of the cactus fruit is juicier than most varieties of apples, but may resemble apples or pears in taste. Different varieties of cactus had different fruit colors: white, yellow or bright red. ^[9]

Fruits appeared only on a four-five-year-old plant, which increased the complexity of their selection on the basis of fruit quality. Abundant harvests on the poorest soils with little or no maintenance have allowed cacti to be considered the most productive fruit plants in the world. In the last years of his life, Burbank bred varieties of cacti suitable for colder countries. ^[9]

Burbank’s thornless prickly pear cultivar was an excellent fodder plant, and its fruit could be used as food as a rival fruit to oranges. ^[6]

He gave a crop of 150 to 300 tons of green mass per acre (an acre is 4047 sq. m.). Cactus tissues contained more than 90% water, sugar and beneficial minerals. Unfortunately, many useful properties of new and economically valuable cacti in the desert area were lost without being inherited. ^[28]

New varieties of walnuts

Walnut

By crossing two varieties of walnut, Burbank produced a hybrid that reached full maturity at the age of 14, which could supply the US economy with valuable timber in a relatively short time. ^[6]

Changing the shape of nuts as a result of crossing. According to the 1914 edition ^[4]

Burbank drew attention to the considerable variety of walnuts that occur in nature and recommended them as an object for the work of beginner breeders. Varieties of wild walnuts differ in the size of the nut, the thickness of the shell, the taste of the kernel, as well as other features, such as yield, ripening period, crown shape, development capacity, etc. Burbank recommended grafting a seedling into the crown of a fruiting tree, in order not to wait several years before the plant ripens, and to be able to quickly select for the quality of the fruit. Walnut grafting is relatively easy, with split wedge grafting being preferred.

Burbank bred a number of forms of this plant, including the well-known variety of nut “Santa Rosa with paper shell” ( Santa Rosa Soft-Shell ) – a significant yield was combined in it with the presence of a shell that easily breaks when pressed with a finger. Burbank got this variety from a tree with a thin nut shell that grew on a street in San Francisco. The shell of individual nuts of this tree was so thin that sometimes it did not grow together, and the birds easily pecked at such nuts. As a result of selection, Burbank initially produced nuts with almost no shell, but he had to increase the thickness of the shell by selection in the opposite direction to protect the nuts from birds. Burbank also succeeded, by means of simple selection, in speeding up the onset of fruiting of young walnut plants to one to one and a half years. ^[9]

Burbank’s ‘Paradox’ seedlings are currently the most common rootstock in the USA ^[29] .

Ornamental plants

• Prunus persica – Peach – ‘GaLa’ ‘Elberta Queen’ ‘Redhaven’ ‘Burbank July Elberta’

Results of scientific and practical activities

Peer reviews

Like Michurin, Burbank did not receive a special education – he was self-taught, a surprisingly productive amateur, thanks to his hard work and talent, he left many “specialists” – professional breeders far behind.

His contribution to the breeding business was highly appreciated by many contemporaries. So, K. A. Timiryazev called Burbank “ miracle worker “. K. A. Timiryazev put the name of Burbank on a par with leading breeders and scientists. “The results obtained by him,” writes Timiryazev, “exceed everything that has so far been achieved in this direction, and are equally important both in practical and scientific-theoretical terms. ” ^[30]

I. V. Michurin highly appreciated the work of his Californian colleague, believing that he2895 “was not a copyist and was not an outsider, he worked with his own original methods of improvement … Only one deep study of the laws of plant life gave him the opportunity to improve and replenish the assortment of fruit plants” (Soch., vol. 4, 1948, p. 422).

The famous Dutch botanist De Vries, who highly valued Burbank but questioned the scientific nature of his achievements, called him “a gardener of genius.” ^[9]

However, IV Michurin did not agree with this point of view. At 1926 he wrote:

He had nothing to do with a simple gardener, and to call him only by the name of a gardener is the extreme impudence of a caste priest of boltology. ^[31]

In 1921, N. I. Vavilov became head of the Department of Applied Botany of the Agricultural Scientific Committee (in 1925 it was reorganized into VIPBiNK, from 1931 – VIR), and in the fall of this year he left for the USA to participate in the International Congress on Cereal Diseases. One of the goals of this trip was to get acquainted with the work of American researchers and, in particular, the Washington Bureau of Plant Industry. The New York Bureau of this Department was established. During this trip, N. I. Vavilov “had the opportunity to get acquainted with the activities and personality of Burbank.” As Vavilov wrote, “standing with a photographic camera in front of Burbank among the flowers”, he “felt this living fairy tale – a fairy tale of the power of individuality in this handsome old man with the face of an artist; artist among his creations…” The essence of L. Burbank’s ideological legacy, according to N. I. Vavilov, “reduces to the principles of wide selection among the world’s varietal material, to the study on a large scale of seedlings from the seeds of fruit trees and to the use of interspecific hybridization for fruit growing and horticulture, which can use vegetative propagation. At the same time, according to him, “the idea of ​​the wide use of the world’s plant resources was reflected in the creation in the United States of the Washington Bureau of Plant Industry under the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, which gave it a systematic, powerful organization. ” ^[32]

K. E. Tsiolkovsky mentioned the name of Burbank in his work “A Genius Among People”, as well as in the article “The Plant of the Future”, considering the cultivation of a giant thornless cactus for deserts and semi-deserts with edible fruits as a food base for the growing population of the globe. Worldview and philosophical features of Burbank’s works, known in the USSR from the 12-volume collected works “Methods and discoveries and their practical application” (1914-1915), ^[4] and quoted, in particular, by Timiryazev and Michurin, were reflected in such works by Tsiolkovsky as “The Plant of the Future”, “The Animal of the Cosmos”, “My Ideas of Monism in 1924”, “The Future of the Earth and Humanity”, “The Ideal Order of Life” , “Public organization of mankind”, “What to do on Earth”, “The life of mankind”, “Love for oneself, or true self-love”, “Essays on the universe”. ^[33]

Burbank’s contribution to the development of patent law

During Burbank’s lifetime there was no copyright or patent on the plants produced. Burbank said: “We, the inventors of plants, unfortunately cannot patent a new plum tree, while a man who has built an automobile horn, which is not very different from a ram’s horn, receives a patent and can, returning to Southern California, walk for the rest of his life in silk.” ^[9]

There are references in the literature to a half dozen patents received from 1930 to 1944 for varieties from the Burbank farm, after his death in 1926.

The first plant patent law was passed in Congress in 1930 by Paul Stark, later chairman of the National Plant Patent Committee, and Archibald Augustine, president of the American Orchard Nursery Association, who acted as attorneys. Congressman Fiorello La Guardia, who later became known as the mayor of New York, was the main opponent. When the bill’s sponsor, Congressman Fred S. Purnell, asked the La Guard what he thought of Luther Burbank, he replied, “I believe he is one of the greatest Americans who ever lived.” Parnell then read out a letter that Stark had received from Burbank shortly before the breeder’s death at 1926 year. Burbank’s letter sounded convincing for the adoption of patent rights on plants. La Guardia withdrew his objection, and the bill passed in the House of Representatives and later in the Senate as well. “Burbank, after his death, achieved protection for growers that he himself did not receive” (Dreyer 1993). ^[16]

Burbank’s views on the inheritance of acquired characteristics

University of California researcher William D. Stansfield claimed in 2006 that ^[16] that, despite his great fame in the past, Burbank’s name is now unknown even to some modern academic breeders. He is often viewed as a non-specialist and/or a charlatan by those scholars who know anything about him. Even respected contemporary books on plant breeding, he says, avoid mentioning Burbank’s name (eg Allard 1960).

Burbank adhered to Lamarckian views, the essence of which he outlined in his own works. These views were widespread at the beginning of the 20th century, which is reflected in the title of one of Burbank’s works “The training of the human plant” (1912 years). Burbank claimed:

“Inheritance of acquired characters exists, or I know nothing about plant life.” ^{[34] [35]}

In his book The Harvest of Life, Burbank called “very interesting” the theory of “exercise and non-exercise of organs” (see Lamarckism), as a result of which living organisms, according to the supporters of this theory, acquire the form most adapted to the external environment.

Many scientists do not recognize this theory, but for me, after my work, its correctness does not raise any doubts.

– Luther Burbank “The Harvest of Life”[5]

These views of Burbank were subsequently used by practitioners and theoreticians in agriculture in the USSR (see Lysenkovshchina). In particular, the book by L. Burbank and H. Wilbur “The Harvest of Life” was quoted by T. Lysenko’s associate I. E. Glushchenko in his work “Vegetative Hybridization of Plants”. ^[36] Burbank’s statements were used in his speeches by T. D. Lysenko himself, who was distinguished by similar views on the inheritance of acquired changes by living organisms. ^{[37] [38]}

The English researcher Langdon-Davies in 1949 argued that the followers of Burbank and genetic scientists “for many years … fought and blamed each other”, but at the same time, in contrast to the situation with political confrontation in biology in the USSR, in the Western science, no one tried to suppress the authority of Burbank as a breeder, or, conversely, to stop the research of geneticists. ^{[35] [39]}

At the same time, Burbank stated that his success as a plant breeder was firmly based on Darwinian principles. In his On the Origin of Species (1859)), Charles Darwin resorted to the theory of inheritance of acquired traits, as this was the only explanation for heredity at the time. Lamarck did not explain how the effects of environmental change could lead to hereditary adaptive changes in organisms, and so Darwin resurrected an old theory, calling it “pangenesis” in his 1868 book “The Variation of Animals and Plants in a Domestic State” (“The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication“). According to Darwin’s theory, cells in various parts of the body secrete hereditary particles (Darwin called them “gemmules” (gemmules)), which find their way to reproductive cells. Burbank maintained his belief in the inheritance of acquired traits even after the rediscovery of Mendel’s laws in 1900 and until the end of his life. ^[16]

Burbank’s name and memory

Plant varieties named after Burbank

• Chrysanthemum burbankii Makino (Asteraceae)
• Myrica × burbankii A.Chev. (Myricaceae)
• Solanum burbankii Bitter (Solanacea)

Life time recognition

• At the beginning of the 20th century, the name of Luther Burbank, like the name of Ivan Michurin, was widely known in Russia.

“ Fruits of Michurin and cacti of Burbank ” is mentioned by N. A. Zabolotsky in the first (unpublished) edition of the poem “Wedding with Fruits” (1932). ^{[40] [41]} Zabolotsky learned about the American breeder from the brochure of his associate K. E. Tsiolkovsky, dedicated to edible cacti. ^{[42] [43]} In the subsequent edition of the poem, which came out after the death of IV Michurin, these lines were forwarded to Michurin. ^[44]

• Burbank is mentioned (next to Michurin) in Ilf and Petrov’s essays One-Story America.

“Isn’t this the ideal creature that we dreamed of, isn’t it the luxurious hybrid that even Michurin and Burbank would have been unable to breed?” ^[45]

Contemporary knowledge of Burbank

• Member of the TV game “What? Where? When?” and a member of the Union of Writers of the Russian Federation Anatoly Belkin wrote the following limerick about these breeders:

Michurin promised to Burbank
Send a miracle pear, seedless;
But could not fulfill:
The fruit was too wide
And did not fit into a three-liter jar. ^[46]

• Burbank is mentioned by Dale Carnegie in How to Build Self-Confidence and Influence People by Speaking in Public. Reviewing the process of gathering information in preparing a public speech, Carnegie wrote:

Gather significantly more material than you intend to use. Imitate Luther Burbank. He often grew a million plants in order to select one or two of exceptional quality. Pick up a hundred thoughts and discard ninety of them. ^[47]

Criticisms

Luther Burbank with his thornless cactus, circa 1908.

Ornamental daisy variety Shasta daisy

N. I. Vavilov believed that “the intuitive creativity of the sectional artist often went against modern precise genetic principles” and “not being a breeder theorist, Burbank draws many erroneous conclusions in the presentation of his work.” ^[32] He argued that a good breeding textbook would give the reader much more knowledge than Burbank’s 12-volume work. ^[9]

In 1934, IV Michurin pointed out the absence in the catalogs of Western trading establishments of a large number of new varieties, about which Burbank and other figures in fruit growing wrote a lot, and noted the speculative nature of the science of the bourgeois world. In particular, he claimed:

“The economic crisis that has engulfed the entire West and shaken all the foundations of capitalism, could not but affect the field of natural sciences. If in the field of breeding new, qualitatively improved varieties of fruit plants before the crisis in Western countries, very little was done, at present, in connection with the grave crisis, no work can be expected in this regard.

On the pages of the foreign and even our Soviet press, my work is often compared with the work of the American fruit grower Luther Burbank. I think this comparison is wrong. There is a difference in the way Burbank works and mine. This was pointed out long before the revolution by American professors who visited my nursery from year to year. The same must be said about the whole state of affairs in general and among other private figures in the West, not excluding state experimental stations, of which there is almost no single one that specifically works exclusively on breeding new, qualitatively improved varieties of fruit plants.

If you take a catalog of garden plants from any American, and Western European trading establishments, you will find hardly a dozen new varieties put on sale in the course of decades.

The question is, where is all that many thousands of supposedly bred new varieties both by Burbank and all other foreign figures, about which so much and often was written … in the foreign press. Here, as can be seen, much (of which it was written) existed only in the imagination of writers or turned out to be useless in practical application. Such a phenomenon is quite natural, because all Western leaders are dominated by the conditions of social life of the bourgeois system, in which almost all activity is reduced to a speculative effect … “ ^[48]

– I.V. Michurin, 1934

According to the author of the book “Luther Burbank, a Victim of Hero Worship” (1946), Walter L. Howard, professor of pomology at the University of California, of the many varieties listed in the Burbank catalogs, only a few had a certain economic value at that time (potato, plum hybrids, winter rhubarb, part of ornamental plants, of which only Shasta daisy is named).

At the same time, according to Howard, the science of breeding grew and developed rapidly in the first two decades of the 20th century, and although this is not generally recognized, Burbank’s contribution can be traced as their powerful activator. Professor H. J. Webber, a pioneer in plant breeding and genetics and a contemporary of Burbank, has argued that Burbank’s influence was quite significant for at least twenty years, and because of the man’s accomplishments, he deserves a decently sized monument in his honor. ^[18]

Works

• Luther Burbank, His Methods and Discoveries, in 12 volumes, 1914-1915. ^[4]
• How Plants are Trained to Work for Man, 8 vols., 1921.
• The Training of the Human Plant, 1907.
• Selected Works, Moscow, 1955. ^[5]
• Burbank Luther and Hall Wilbur. “Harvest of life”, M.: Selkhozgiz, 1939 ^[49]

Literature

• Burbank, Luther – article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia ^[1]
• Timiryazev K. A. Two gifts of science. Soch., vol. 9. – M., 1939.
• Garwood A. Reclaimed land, abbr. presentation by K. A. Timiryazev. – M., 1919.
• Molodchikov A. I. Luther Burbank. Gardener “miracle worker”. – M .: State anti-religious publishing house, 1937. ^[9]
• Dreyer, Peter. A gardener touched with genius: the life of Luther Burbank 1985 (eng)
• Britannica online encyclopedia article on Burbank: Burbank

Links

• L. Burbank’s page on the website of the Botanical Garden of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
• National Inventors Hall of Fame profile
• Luther Burbank’s Experiment Farm Est. 1885
• Luther Burbank Virtual Museum A virtual tour (photos) of a real botanical garden featuring trees designed by Burbank, including the Paradox Nut, a fast growing tree with strong wood.
• UN report on spineless cactus cultivation in Tunisia
• A Rare Crossing: Frida Kahlo and Luther Burbank
• Luther Burbank: His Methods and Discoveries and Their Practical Application , a 12-volume monographic series, is available online through the University of Wisconsin Digital Collections Center ([6]). (There are also links to the works, and fragments of the works of Burbank in the public domain).
• Official website of the Western Sonoma County Historical Society and Luther Burbank’s Gold Ridge Experiment Farm
• Autobiography of a Yogi, by Paramhansa Yogananda, Chapter 38: Luther Burbank – A Saint Amidst the Roses at www.ananda.org
• Luther Burbank. A Pioneer Plant Breeder (online library of Burbank’s writings, Burbank, Luther, 1849-1926. Whitson, John; John, Robert; Williams, Henry Smith, 1863-1943, Editor Luther Burbank: his methods and discoveries and their practical application New York : Luther Burbank Press, 1914 http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/HistSciTech.Burbank01)

Notes

1. ↑ ^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10} 2895 11 ^{12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21} BSE, article of Burbank, Serlier, Serlier, Serlier, Serlier, Serlower, Serlower, Serlower, Serlower, Serlower, Serlower, Serlower, Sumy2917
2. ↑ ^{1 2 3 4} Luther Burbank // Britannica Online Encyclopedia
3. ↑ ^{1 2 3 4 5 6} SJSU virtual museum: Luther Burbank
4. ↑ ^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14} Luther Burbank: his methods and discoveries and their practical application (1914). [1]
5. ↑ ^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16} 97 17 ^{18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27} 92U5 28 ^{29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11} Timiryazev K. A. Luther Burbank // Works. T. VI. – Selkhozgiz, 1939; Encyclopedia “Pomegranate”, Vol. 7.
6. ↑ L. Burbank “The Harvest of Life”, ch. 1
7. ↑ L. Burbank “The Harvest of Life”, ch. 1
8. ↑ ^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28} A. I. Luther Burbank. – M. – 1937.
9. ↑ L. Burbank “The Harvest of Life”, ch. 1
10. ↑ Refers to book Gray A., Sullivant W.S. A Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States, from New England to Wisconsin and South to Ohio and Pennsylvania Inclusive. — Boston: J. Monroe, 1848. Known now as simply “Grey’s Determinant”, or “Gray’s Guide”; is a kind of standard in this department of botany.
11. ↑ Charles Darwin “Change of animals and plants in the domestic state” OGIZ – SELKHOZGIZ, Moscow-Leningrad, 1941 [2]
12. ↑ IV Michurin “Results of sixty years of work” Part 1. “Principles and methods of work”.
13. ↑ I. V. Michurin “The results of sixty years of work” “From the results of the work of 1934”.
14. ↑ Genetics, Vol. 158, 1391-1395, August 2001, Copyright © 2001. Plant Breeding Giants: Burbank, the Artist; Vavilov, the Scientist. James F. Crow
15. ↑ ^{1 2 3 4 5 6} «Luther Burbank: Honorary Member of the American Breeders’ Association» William D. Stansfield // Journal of Heredity 2006 97(2):95-99; doi:10.1093
16. ↑ ^{1 2} 3

    8 72894 Howard WL, 1945. Luther Burbank’s plant contributions. Berkeley: University of California Berkeley Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 691.

17. ↑ ^{1 2 3} 1885
18. ↑ McDonald’s uses only select Russet Burbank, Shepody and a few other varieties of Russet potatoes to make our French fries
19. ↑ [3]
20. ↑ http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/y3655e/y3655e08.htm
21. ↑ Russet Burbank potatoes on the University of Nebraska website
22. ↑ http://www.idahopotato.com/
23. ↑ peoples.ru – article by Luther Burbank
24. ↑ Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary. Ed. “Great Russian Encyclopedia”, 1997
25. ↑ L. Burbank Harvest of Life Section 10
26. ↑ L. Burbank Harvest of Life Section 16
27. ↑ S. Turdiev, R. Sedykh, V. Erichman “Cacti” (Alma-Ata, Kainar, 1974)
28. ↑ Scientia Horticulturae V. 94, Issues 1-2, 20 May 2002, Pages 157-170
29. ↑ Timiryazev K. A. Historical method in biology. Works, vol. VI, Selkhozgiz, 1939. Cit. according to I. E. Glushchenko “Vegetative Hybridization”, 1948, p. 35. [4]
30. ↑ Vernalization, No. 6(9), 1936, p.3-4
31. ↑ ^{1 2} Luther Burbank and N. I. Vavilov
32. ↑ V. I. Alekseeva “Practical activity and ideas of Luther Burbank as a source of the worldview of K. E. Tsiolkovsky”, GMIK im. K. E. Tsiolkovsky, Section “Research of scientific creativity of K. E. Tsiolkovsky”, 2002
33. ↑ Jordan D.S., V.L. Kellogg. 1909. The Scientific Aspects of Luther Burbank’s Work. San Francisco, p. 85-86
34. ↑ ^{1 2} N. I. Vavilova RAS, “Inheritance of acquired traits: Lamarck was right” // “Chemistry and Life”, 2003, No. 4, pp. 22-26
35. ↑ I. E. Glushchenko “Vegetative hybridization of plants”, 1948, p. 35.
36. ↑ T.D. Lysenko “On two directions in genetics” (1937)
37. ↑ T.D. Lysenko “On the restructuring of seed production” (1935)
38. ↑ Langdon-Davies J. 1949. Russia Puts the Clock Back (A study of Soviet science and some British scientists). London, Victor Gollancz Ltd., op. by
39. ↑ http://magazines.russ.ru/ural/2003/5/bel.html
40. ↑ http://loshch.livejournal.com/24591.html “Trees” based on the author’s proof copy of the unpublished collection “Poems 1926-1932”
41. ↑ http://www.livejournal.com/go.bml?journal=en_monument&itemid=244088&dir=next
42. ↑ http://magazines.russ.ru/ural/2003/5/bel.html
43. ↑ Nikolai Zabolotsky “Wedding with fruits”
44. ↑ Ilya Ilf, Evgeny Petrov. “One-story America” ​​on the site lib.ru
45. ↑ Anatoly Belkin “Life of Remarkable People”
46. ↑ Dale Carnegie How to Build Self-Confidence and Influence People by Speaking in Public
47. ↑ IV Michurin Answers to the questions of the editors of the journal “For Marxist-Leninist Natural Science”. First published at 1934 in the book “Proceedings of the selection and genetic station named after I. V. Michurin – volume 11”. //AND. V. Michurin Selected Works, Moscow: Moskovsky Rabochiy, 1950
48. ↑ Burbank Luther and Hall Wilbur. “Harvest of Life”